CN114045418A - Aluminum alloy material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Aluminum alloy material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN114045418A
CN114045418A CN202111328099.4A CN202111328099A CN114045418A CN 114045418 A CN114045418 A CN 114045418A CN 202111328099 A CN202111328099 A CN 202111328099A CN 114045418 A CN114045418 A CN 114045418A
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aluminum alloy
alloy material
mass
aluminum
ingot
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CN114045418B (en
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罗天纵
姚茂海
吕晶
李�杰
王志坚
熊爱虎
童璨瑜
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Hunan Rare Earth Metal Materials Research Institute Co ltd
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Hunan Rare Earth Metal Materials Research Institute Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0075—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rods of limited length
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an aluminum alloy material which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg: 0.45 wt% -0.85 wt%, Si: 0.30 wt% -0.70 wt%, Sc: 0.010-0.20 wt%, Er: 0.010 wt% -0.15 wt%, Y: 0.010 wt% -0.20 wt%, Yb: 0.010 wt% -0.20 wt%, Zr: 0.010 wt% -0.20 wt%, Fe: 0.010 wt% -0.080 wt% and the balance of Al. The components of the aluminum alloy material have synergistic effect, so that the tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum alloy material are effectively improved on the basis of keeping better conductivity, and the problem that the traditional aluminum alloy is difficult to combine high conductivity and high strength is solved.

Description

Aluminum alloy material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum materials, in particular to an aluminum alloy material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the characteristics of low price, light weight, high strength, good processing performance, and excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance, and is widely applied to the fields of wires and cables, cross-rail sections, electrodes and the like. However, with the development of industry, the strength and the conductivity of the conventional aluminum alloy cannot meet the requirements at the same time, so that the development of an aluminum alloy material with high strength and excellent conductivity is required.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the aluminum alloy material, the invention provides the aluminum alloy material, and the preparation method and the application thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy material has higher tensile strength, yield strength and electric conductivity.
The technical scheme of the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows.
An aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
mg: 0.45 wt% -0.85 wt%, Si: 0.30 wt% -0.70 wt%, Sc: 0.010-0.20 wt%, Er: 0.010 wt% -0.15 wt%, Y: 0.010 wt% -0.20 wt%, Yb: 0.010 wt% -0.20 wt%, Zr: 0.010 wt% -0.20 wt%, Fe: 0.010 wt% -0.080 wt% and the balance of Al.
In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy material comprises the following components:
mg: 0.70 wt% -0.85 wt%, Si: 0.50 wt% -0.70 wt%, Sc: 0.08-0.15 wt%, Er: 0.020 wt% -0.10 wt%, Y: 0.10 wt% -0.20 wt%, Yb: 0.010 wt% -0.10 wt%, Zr: 0.010 wt% -0.10 wt%, Fe: 0.020 wt% -0.080 wt% and the balance of Al.
In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy material comprises the following components:
mg: 0.75 wt% to 0.81 wt%, Si: 0.55 wt% -0.67 wt%, Sc: 0.10-0.14 wt%, Er: 0.020 wt% -0.08 wt%, Y: 0.14 wt% -0.16 wt%, Yb: 0.012 wt% to 0.030 wt%, Zr: 0.030 wt% -0.050 wt%, Fe: 0.030 wt% -0.080 wt% and the balance of Al.
In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy material comprises the following components: the mass ratio of the total mass of Sc, Y, Yb and Zr to Er is (4-19): 1.
The invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum alloy material, which comprises the following steps:
providing raw materials according to the components of the aluminum alloy material, mixing the raw materials, and then sequentially smelting, refining and casting to obtain an alloy ingot;
and carrying out homogenization treatment, hot extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy ingot in sequence.
In some embodiments, in the preparation method of the aluminum alloy material, the homogenization treatment temperature is 540-565 ℃ and the time is 4-13 h.
In some embodiments, in the preparation method of the aluminum alloy material, the hot extrusion temperature is 465-530 ℃, the speed is 1.0-4.0 m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 30-80.
In some embodiments, in the preparation method of the aluminum alloy material, the temperature of the aging treatment is 170-230 ℃, and the aging time is 6-16 h.
The invention provides an application of the aluminum alloy material in preparation of an aluminum alloy product.
The invention also provides an aluminum alloy product, and the material of the aluminum alloy product comprises the aluminum alloy material.
Compared with the prior art, the aluminum alloy material and the preparation method thereof have the following beneficial effects:
according to the aluminum alloy material, Mg, Si, Sc, Er, Y, Yb, Zr, Fe and Al are added according to a specific proportion, the room-temperature solid solubility of Sc, Er, Y, Yb, Zr and Fe in Al is low, the tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum alloy material are effectively improved on the basis of keeping good conductivity, and the problem that the traditional aluminum alloy is difficult to combine high conductivity and high strength is solved.
Detailed Description
The aluminum alloy material of the present invention, the production method thereof, and the use thereof will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The weight of the related components mentioned in the description of the embodiments of the present invention may not only refer to the specific content of each component, but also represent the proportional relationship of the weight among the components, and therefore, the content of the related components is scaled up or down within the scope disclosed in the description of the embodiments of the present invention as long as it is in accordance with the description of the embodiments of the present invention. Specifically, the weight described in the description of the embodiment of the present invention may be a unit of mass known in the chemical industry field, such as μ g, mg, g, and kg.
The invention provides an aluminum alloy material which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
mg: 0.45 wt% -0.85 wt%, Si: 0.30 wt% -0.70 wt%, Sc: 0.010-0.20 wt%, Er: 0.010 wt% -0.15 wt%, Y: 0.010 wt% -0.20 wt%, Yb: 0.010 wt% -0.20 wt%, Zr: 0.010 wt% -0.20 wt%, Fe: 0.010 wt% -0.080 wt% and the balance of Al.
In some examples, the aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
mg: 0.70 wt% -0.85 wt%, Si: 0.50 wt% -0.70 wt%, Sc: 0.080 wt% -0.15 wt%, Er: 0.020 wt% -0.10 wt%, Y: 0.10 wt% -0.20 wt%, Yb: 0.010 wt% -0.10 wt%, Zr: 0.010 wt% -0.10 wt%, Fe: 0.020 wt% -0.080 wt% and the balance of Al.
In some specific examples, the aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
mg: 0.75 wt% to 0.81 wt%, Si: 0.55 wt% -0.67 wt%, Sc: 0.10-0.14 wt%, Er: 0.020 wt% -0.080 wt%, Y: 0.14 wt% -0.16 wt%, Yb: 0.012 wt% to 0.030 wt%, Zr: 0.030 wt% -0.050 wt%, Fe: 0.030 wt% -0.080 wt% and the balance of Al.
In some preferred examples, the aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
mg: 0.78 wt% to 0.81 wt%, Si: 0.55 wt% -0.56 wt%, Sc: 0.10 wt%, Er: 0.050 wt% -0.080 wt%, Y: 0.14 wt%, Yb: 0.012 wt% to 0.030 wt%, Zr: 0.050 wt%, Fe: 0.05 wt% -0.08 wt% and the balance of Al.
In some examples, the mass ratio of the total mass of Sc, Y, Yb and Zr to Er in the aluminum alloy material is (4-19): 1; optionally, the mass ratio of the total mass of Sc, Y, Yb and Zr to Er is (4-15): 1; preferably, the mass ratio of the total mass of Sc, Y, Yb and Zr to Er is (4-7): 1.
By controlling the addition amounts of Sc, Y, Yb and Zr, different L1 can be formed advantageously2Type II second phase.
In some preferred examples, the aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
mg: 0.78 wt%, Si: 0.56 wt%, Sc: 0.10 wt%, Er: 0.080 wt%, Y: 0.14 wt%, Yb: 0.030 wt%, Zr: 0.050 wt%, Fe: 0.080 wt% and the balance Al.
The Mg, Si, Sc, Er, Y, Yb, Zr, Fe and Al are added according to a specific proportion, the room-temperature solid solubility of Sc, Er, Y, Yb, Zr and Fe in Al is low, and the components are synergistic, so that the tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum alloy material are effectively improved on the basis of keeping good conductivity, and the problem that the traditional aluminum alloy is difficult to combine high conductivity and high strength is solved.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for producing an aluminum alloy material, including steps S10 to S50.
Step S10: providing raw materials according to the components of the aluminum alloy material, mixing the raw materials, and then sequentially smelting, refining and casting to obtain an alloy ingot.
In some examples, the Al is added in the form of an aluminum ingot in step S10. Optionally, the purity of the aluminum ingot is greater than 99.7%.
In some of these examples, the Mg is added in the form of a magnesium ingot in step S10. Optionally, the purity of the magnesium ingot is greater than 99.9%.
In some examples, Si, Sc, Er, Y, Yb, Zr, Fe are added as an intermediate alloy with Al in step S10. It is understood that Si, Sc, Er, Y, Yb, Zr, Fe are added as master alloys of Al-Si, Al-Zr, Al-Sc, Al-Er, Al-Y, Al-Yb, Al-Fe, respectively.
In some examples, the alloy feedstock is added at a temperature of 680 ℃ to 700 ℃ in step S10.
In some examples, in step S10, the temperature of smelting is 740 ℃ to 760 ℃; preferably, the temperature of the melting is 740 ℃.
Smelting at a specific temperature is beneficial to reducing the burning loss of the alloy elements and reducing the loss of the alloy elements.
In some examples, in step S10, after the melting step, the melt resulting from the melting is stirred.
In some examples, in step S10, the stirring speed is 80r/min to 200 r/min; optionally, the stirring speed is 100 r/min-180 r/min; preferably, the stirring speed is 150r/min to 180 r/min.
It is understood that the stirring means may be, but is not limited to, motor stirring.
In some examples, in step S10, the refining agent used in the refining step is hexachloroethane.
In some examples, in step S10, the mass of the refining agent is 0.25 wt% to 0.50 wt% of the total mass of the aluminum alloy material; optionally, the mass of the refining agent is 0.40 wt% to 0.50 wt% of the total mass of the aluminum alloy material.
In some specific examples thereof, in step S10, the mass of the refining agent is 0.50 wt% of the total mass of the aluminum alloy material.
In some examples, the temperature of refining is 740 ℃ to 750 ℃ in step S10; alternatively, the temperature of refining is 740 ℃.
In some examples, step S10 includes degassing and deslagging the refined melt after the refining step and before the casting step.
In some examples, in step S10, the degassing time is 3min to 8 min; optionally, the degassing time is 4min to 6 min; preferably, the degassing time is 4-5 min.
In some examples, the refined melt is degassed with argon in step S10.
In some examples, in step S10, the flow rate of argon is 3L/min to 10L/min; optionally, the flow rate of the argon is 5L/min to 8L/min.
In some examples, the purity of the argon gas in step S10 is 99.999%.
In some examples, the refined melt is degassed using a rotating multi-hole degassing device in step S10.
In some examples, the rotation speed is 180r/min to 600r/min in step S10; optionally, the rotating speed is 180 r/min-400 r/min; preferably, the rotation speed is 250r/min to 400 r/min.
In some examples, the casting temperature is 740 to 760 ℃ in step S10; alternatively, the temperature of casting is 740 ℃.
In some examples, the mold used for casting is preheated to 200 ℃ to 300 ℃ in step S10.
Step S20: the alloy ingot obtained in step S10 is subjected to homogenization treatment.
In some examples, in step S20, the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 540 ℃ to 565 ℃, and the time is 4h to 13 h; optionally, the homogenization treatment temperature is 550-565 ℃, and the time is 8-13 h; preferably, the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 560 ℃, and the time is 10-12 h.
The homogenization treatment is carried out under specific conditions, which is favorable for the diffusion of alloy elements, uniform structure and formation of specific second phase.
In some examples, the homogenized alloy ingot is cooled in step S20.
In some examples, in step S20, the cooling manner is fan cooling or water cooling.
Step S30: and (4) carrying out hot extrusion on the alloy ingot subjected to the homogenization treatment in the step S20.
In some examples, the alloy ingot is hot extruded in the extrusion barrel to obtain the alloy bar in step S30.
In some examples, in step S30, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is controlled to 445 to 510 ℃, the temperature of the die is controlled to be the same as the temperature of the extrusion cylinder, the blank is extruded at 465 to 530 ℃, and the temperature is maintained for 1 to 2 hours for extrusion.
In some examples, in step S30, the extrusion speed is 1.0m/min to 4.0m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 30 to 80.
In some specific examples, in step S30, the extrusion speed is 2.0 m/min-3.0 m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 40-65.
In some specific examples, in step S30, the cooling manner is fan cooling or water cooling. Step S40: and straightening and pre-stretching the alloy bar obtained by the hot extrusion treatment in the step S30.
In some examples, in step S40, the amount of deformation of the pre-stretch is 0.5% to 5%; optionally, the deformation amount of the pre-stretching is 0.5% -2%; preferably, the amount of deformation of the pre-stretch is 1%.
Step S50: and carrying out aging treatment on the alloy bar obtained by the hot extrusion treatment.
In some examples, in step S50, the temperature of the aging treatment is 170 ℃ to 230 ℃, and the aging time is 6h to 16 h; optionally, the temperature of the aging treatment is 170-230 ℃, and the aging time is 6-16 h; preferably, the temperature of the aging treatment is 185-200 ℃, and the aging time is 8-14 h.
And carrying out aging treatment under specific conditions to obtain the conductive aluminum alloy with better comprehensive performance.
Sc, Er, Y, Yb and Zr have low room temperature solid solubility in Al and form L1 compatible with the matrix with Al2The second phase effectively refines the aluminum alloy material and inhibits the recrystallization of the aluminum alloy material, thereby improving the tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum alloy material and having little influence on the electric conductivity. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficients of Sc, Er, Y, Yb and Zr in Al are different, Er is used as an initial nucleation point, Sc, Yb, Y and Zr nucleate on the initial nucleation point formed by Er to nucleate nucleation shell structure points, and the dispersed core-shell structure effectively improves the tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum alloy material. Different core-shell structures can be formed by adding specific components according to a specific proportion and further adopting a specific process and process parameters for regulation and control; the components and the process have synergistic effect, so that the tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum alloy material are effectively improved on the basis of keeping better conductivity.
An embodiment of the invention provides an application of the aluminum alloy material in preparation of an aluminum alloy product. In another embodiment of the present invention, an aluminum alloy product is provided, wherein the material of the aluminum alloy product comprises the aluminum alloy material.
The aluminum alloy material is used for preparing aluminum alloy products, and can endow the aluminum alloy products with higher conductivity, tensile strength and yield strength.
In some of these embodiments, the aluminum alloy articles include, but are not limited to, wire and cable, cross-rail profiles, electrodes.
In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy product may be made of the aluminum alloy material, i.e., the aluminum alloy product is directly prepared from the aluminum alloy material. In other embodiments, the aluminum alloy product may include other materials besides the aluminum alloy material.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
Hereinafter, an example of the aluminum alloy material according to the present invention, the method for producing the same, and the use thereof will be described.
Example 1
(1) Ingredients
Preparing raw materials of an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot and an aluminum intermediate alloy (Al-20% of Si, Al-5% of Zr, Al-2% of Sc, Al-10% of Er, Al-10% of Y, Al-10% of Yb and Al-1% of Fe) according to the following mass percentages:
mg: 0.75 wt%, Si: 0.63 wt%, Sc: 0.14 wt%, Er: 0.020 wt%, Y: 0.16 wt%, Yb: 0.030 wt%, Zr: 0.050 wt%, Fe: 0.050 wt%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; wherein Al-20% Si in the aluminum intermediate alloy represents that Si accounts for 20% of the total mass of the Al-Si alloy, Al-5% Zr represents that Zr accounts for 5% of the total mass of the Al-Zr alloy, and Al-2% Sc represents that Sc accounts for 2% of the total mass of the Al-Sc alloy.
(2) Casting, refining and casting
Adding aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots and aluminum intermediate alloys at 700 ℃, and stirring the melt by a motor at a stirring speed of 100r/min after the raw materials are completely melted; then heating to 740 ℃ for refining, wherein the refining agent is hexachloroethane, and the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.50 wt% of the total alloy mass; then, a porous degassing device is adopted to fill argon for degassing and deslagging, wherein the rotating speed of the porous degassing device is 180r/min, the flow of high-purity argon is 6L/min, and the time is 5 min; and standing the melt at 740 ℃ for 50 minutes, and then casting the melt into a water-cooled mold to obtain an alloy ingot.
(3) Homogenization treatment
Homogenizing the alloy ingot obtained in the step (2) at 560 ℃ for 12 hours, and cooling with water.
(4) Hot extrusion process
And (4) carrying out hot extrusion treatment on the homogenized alloy ingot prepared in the step (3) after heat preservation for 2 hours at 520 ℃, wherein the extrusion speed is 2m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 56, so as to obtain an alloy bar.
(5) And (5) straightening and pre-stretching the alloy bar obtained in the step (4), wherein the pre-stretching deformation amount is 1%.
(6) Carrying out aging treatment on the alloy bar obtained in the step 5, and cooling by water; the aging temperature is 200 ℃, the aging time is 12 hours, and the aluminum alloy material is obtained by water cooling.
Example 2
(1) Ingredients
Preparing raw materials of an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot and an aluminum intermediate alloy (Al-20% of Si, Al-5% of Zr, Al-2% of Sc, Al-10% of Er, Al-10% of Y, Al-10% of Yb and Al-1% of Fe) according to the following mass percentages:
mg: 0.79 wt%, Si: 0.67 wt%, Sc: 0.13 wt%, Er: 0.050 wt%, Y: 0.15 wt%, Yb: 0.015 wt%, Zr: 0.030 wt%, Fe: 0.030 wt%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
(2) Casting, refining and casting
Adding aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots and aluminum intermediate alloys at 700 ℃, and stirring the melt by a motor at the stirring speed of 180r/min after the raw materials are completely melted; then heating to 740 ℃ for refining, wherein the refining agent is hexachloroethane, and the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.50 wt% of the total alloy mass; then, a porous degassing device is adopted to fill argon for degassing and deslagging, wherein the rotating speed of the porous degassing device is 400r/min, the flow of high-purity argon is 5L/min, and the time is 6 min; and standing the melt at 740 ℃ for 50 minutes, and then casting the melt into a water-cooled mold to obtain an alloy ingot.
(3) Homogenization treatment
Homogenizing the alloy ingot obtained in the step (2) at 560 ℃ for 12 hours, and cooling with water.
(4) Hot extrusion process
And (4) carrying out hot extrusion treatment on the homogenized alloy ingot prepared in the step (3) after heat preservation for 2 hours at 520 ℃, wherein the extrusion speed is 3m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 56, so as to obtain an alloy bar.
(5) And (5) straightening and pre-stretching the alloy bar obtained in the step (4), wherein the pre-stretching deformation amount is 1%.
(6) Carrying out aging treatment on the alloy bar obtained in the step 5, and cooling by water; the aging temperature is 190 ℃, the aging time is 14 hours, and the aluminum alloy material is obtained by water cooling.
Example 3
(1) Ingredients
Preparing raw materials of an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot and an aluminum intermediate alloy (Al-20% of Si, Al-5% of Zr, Al-2% of Sc, Al-10% of Er, Al-10% of Y, Al-10% of Yb and Al-1% of Fe) according to the following mass percentages:
mg: 0.78 wt%, Si: 0.56 wt%, Sc: 0.10 wt%, Er: 0.080 wt%, Y: 0.14 wt%, Yb: 0.030 wt%, Zr: 0.050 wt%, Fe: 0.080 wt%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
(2) Casting, refining and casting
Adding aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots and aluminum intermediate alloys at 700 ℃, and stirring the melt by a motor at the stirring speed of 180r/min after the raw materials are completely melted; then heating to 740 ℃ for refining, wherein the refining agent is hexachloroethane, and the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.50 wt% of the total alloy mass; then, a porous degassing device is adopted to fill argon for degassing and deslagging, wherein the rotating speed of the porous degassing device is 400r/min, the flow of high-purity argon is 6L/min, and the time is 4 min; and standing the melt at 740 ℃ for 50 minutes, and then casting the melt into a water-cooled mold to obtain an alloy ingot.
(3) Homogenization treatment
Homogenizing the alloy ingot obtained in the step (2) at 560 ℃ for 8 hours, and cooling with water.
(4) Hot extrusion process
And (4) carrying out hot extrusion treatment on the homogenized alloy ingot prepared in the step (3) after heat preservation for 2 hours at 510 ℃, wherein the extrusion speed is 2m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 65, so as to obtain an alloy bar.
(5) And (5) straightening and pre-stretching the alloy bar obtained in the step (4), wherein the pre-stretching deformation amount is 1%.
(6) Carrying out aging treatment on the alloy bar obtained in the step 5, and cooling by water; the aging temperature is 200 ℃, the aging time is 12 hours, and the aluminum alloy material is obtained by water cooling.
Example 4
(1) Ingredients
Preparing raw materials of an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot and an aluminum intermediate alloy (Al-20% of Si, Al-5% of Zr, Al-2% of Sc, Al-10% of Er, Al-10% of Y, Al-10% of Yb and Al-1% of Fe) according to the following mass percentages:
mg: 0.81 wt%, Si: 0.55 wt%, Sc: 0.10 wt%, Er: 0.050 wt%, Y: 0.14 wt%, Yb: 0.012 wt%, Zr: 0.050 wt%, Fe: 0.050 wt%, and the balance Al and inevitable impurities.
(2) Casting, refining and casting
Adding aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots and aluminum intermediate alloys at 700 ℃, and stirring the melt by a motor at the stirring speed of 180r/min after the raw materials are completely melted; then heating to 740 ℃ for refining, wherein the refining agent is hexachloroethane, and the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.50 wt% of the total alloy mass; then, a porous degassing device is adopted to fill argon for degassing and deslagging, wherein the rotating speed of the porous degassing device is 400r/min, the flow of high-purity argon is 6L/min, and the time is 4 min; and standing the melt at 740 ℃ for 50 minutes, and then casting the melt into a water-cooled mold to obtain an alloy ingot.
(3) Homogenization treatment
Homogenizing the alloy ingot obtained in the step (2) at 560 ℃ for 8 hours, and cooling with water.
(4) Hot extrusion process
And (4) carrying out hot extrusion treatment on the homogenized alloy cast ingot prepared in the step (3) after heat preservation for 2 hours at 500 ℃, wherein the extrusion speed is 3m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 40, so as to obtain the alloy bar.
(5) And (5) straightening and pre-stretching the alloy bar obtained in the step (4), wherein the pre-stretching deformation amount is 1%.
(6) Carrying out aging treatment on the alloy bar obtained in the step 5, and cooling by water; the aging temperature is 200 ℃, the aging time is 12 hours, and the aluminum alloy material is obtained by water cooling.
Example 5
The method is the same as the process of the embodiment 1, and is different from the embodiment 5 in the following components in percentage by mass:
mg: 0.72 wt%, Si: 0.59 wt%, Sc: 0.080 wt%, Er: 0.030 wt%, Y: 0.10 wt%, Yb: 0.028 wt%, Zr: 0.050 wt%, Fe: 0.050 wt%, and the balance Al and inevitable impurities.
Comparative example 1
(1) Ingredients
Preparing raw materials of an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot and an aluminum intermediate alloy (Al-20% of Si and Al-1% of Fe) according to the following mass percentages:
mg: 0.80 wt%, Si: 0.55 wt%, Fe: 0.10 wt%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
(2) Casting, refining and casting
Adding aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots and aluminum intermediate alloys at 700 ℃, and stirring the melt by a motor at a stirring speed of 100r/min after the raw materials are completely melted; then heating to 740 ℃ for refining, wherein the refining agent is hexachloroethane, and the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.50 wt% of the total alloy mass; then, a porous degassing device is adopted to fill argon for degassing and deslagging, wherein the rotating speed of the porous degassing device is 180r/min, the flow of high-purity argon is 6L/min, and the time is 5 min; and standing the melt at 750 ℃ for 50 minutes, and then casting the melt into a water-cooled mold to obtain an alloy ingot.
(3) Homogenization treatment
Homogenizing the alloy ingot obtained in the step (2) at 560 ℃ for 8 hours, and cooling with water.
(4) Hot extrusion process
And (4) carrying out hot extrusion treatment on the homogenized alloy ingot prepared in the step (3) after heat preservation for 1.5 hours at 520 ℃, wherein the extrusion speed is 3m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 40, so as to obtain the alloy bar.
(5) And (5) straightening and pre-stretching the alloy bar obtained in the step (4), wherein the pre-stretching deformation amount is 1%.
(6) Carrying out aging treatment on the alloy bar obtained in the step 5, and cooling by water; the aging temperature is 200 ℃, the aging time is 12 hours, and the aluminum alloy material is obtained by water cooling.
Comparative example 2
(1) Ingredients
Preparing raw materials of an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot and an aluminum intermediate alloy (Al-20% of Si, Al-5% of Zr, Al-2% of Sc, Al-10% of Er, Al-10% of Y, Al-10% of Yb and Al-1% of Fe) according to the following mass percentages:
mg: 0.75 wt%, Si: 0.60 wt%, Sc: 0.10 wt%, Y: 0.14 wt%, Yb: 0.030 wt%, Zr: 0.040 wt%, Fe: 0.030 wt%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
(2) Casting, refining and casting
Adding aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots and aluminum intermediate alloys at 700 ℃, and stirring the melt by a motor at the stirring speed of 150r/min after the raw materials are completely melted; then heating to 740 ℃ for refining, wherein the refining agent is hexachloroethane, and the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.50 wt% of the total alloy mass; then, a porous degassing device is adopted to fill argon for degassing and deslagging, wherein the rotating speed of the porous degassing device is 150r/min, the flow of high-purity argon is 6L/min, and the time is 5 min; and standing the melt at 750 ℃ for 50 minutes, and then casting the melt into a water-cooled mold to obtain an alloy ingot.
(3) Homogenization treatment
Homogenizing the alloy ingot obtained in the step (2) at 560 ℃ for 8 hours, and cooling with water.
(4) Hot extrusion process
And (4) carrying out hot extrusion treatment on the homogenized alloy ingot prepared in the step (3) after heat preservation for 1.5 hours at 520 ℃, wherein the extrusion speed is 3m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 40, so as to obtain the alloy bar.
(5) And (5) straightening and pre-stretching the alloy bar obtained in the step (4), wherein the pre-stretching deformation amount is 1%.
(6) Carrying out aging treatment on the alloy bar obtained in the step 5, and cooling by water; the aging temperature is 200 ℃, the aging time is 12 hours, and the aluminum alloy material is obtained by water cooling.
Comparative example 3
The method is the same as the process of the example 1, and is different from the comparative example 1 in the following components in percentage by mass:
mg: 0.86 wt%, Si: 0.41 wt%, Sc: 0.15 wt%, Er: 0.21 wt%, Fe: 0.010 wt%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
The mass percentages of the components of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Examples Mg Si Sc Er Y Yb Zr Fe Al
Example 1 0.75 0.63 0.14 0.020 0.16 0.030 0.050 0.050 Balance of
Example 2 0.79 0.67 0.13 0.050 0.15 0.015 0.030 0.030 Balance of
Example 3 0.78 0.56 0.10 0.080 0.14 0.030 0.050 0.080 Balance of
Example 4 0.81 0.55 0.10 0.050 0.14 0.012 0.050 0.050 Balance of
Example 5 0.72 0.59 0.080 0.030 0.10 0.028 0.050 0.050 Balance of
Comparative example 1 0.80 0.55 / / / / / 0.10 Balance of
Comparative example 2 0.75 0.60 0.10 / 0.14 0.030 0.040 0.030 Balance of
Comparative example 3 0.86 0.41 0.15 0.21 / / / 0.010 Balance of
The aluminum alloy materials obtained in the examples 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-2 are subjected to mechanical property and electric conductivity tests, and the measurement standards of electric conductivity, tensile strength and yield strength are as follows:
conductivity: GB/T3048.2-2007;
tensile strength: GB/T228.1-2010;
yield strength: GB/T228.1-2010;
the test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0003347673320000151
Figure BDA0003347673320000161
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with comparative proportions of 1-3, the tensile strength, yield strength and conductivity of examples 1-5 are better, and the elongation after breakage of more than 20% can meet the general use requirements without affecting the comprehensive performance evaluation of the alloy; in addition, the overall performance of example 3 is further improved.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, so as to understand the technical solutions of the present invention specifically and in detail, but not to be understood as the limitation of the protection scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. It should be understood that the technical solutions provided by the present invention, which are obtained by logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments, are within the scope of the appended claims. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the invention is subject to the content of the appended claims, and the description can be used for explaining the content of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. The aluminum alloy material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
mg: 0.45 wt% -0.85 wt%, Si: 0.30 wt% -0.70 wt%, Sc: 0.010-0.20 wt%, Er: 0.010 wt% -0.15 wt%, Y: 0.010 wt% -0.20 wt%, Yb: 0.010 wt% -0.20 wt%, Zr: 0.010 wt% -0.20 wt%, Fe: 0.010 wt% -0.080 wt% and the balance of Al.
2. The aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
mg: 0.70 wt% -0.85 wt%, Si: 0.50 wt% -0.70 wt%, Sc: 0.080 wt% -0.15 wt%, Er: 0.020 wt% -0.10 wt%, Y: 0.10 wt% -0.20 wt%, Yb: 0.010 wt% -0.10 wt%, Zr: 0.010 wt% -0.10 wt%, Fe: 0.020 wt% -0.080 wt% and the balance of Al.
3. The aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
mg: 0.75 wt% to 0.81 wt%, Si: 0.55 wt% -0.67 wt%, Sc: 0.10-0.14 wt%, Er: 0.020 wt% -0.080 wt%, Y: 0.14 wt% -0.16 wt%, Yb: 0.012 wt% to 0.030 wt%, Zr: 0.030 wt% -0.050 wt%, Fe: 0.030 wt% -0.080 wt% and the balance of Al.
4. The aluminum alloy material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the mass ratio of the total mass of Sc, Y, Yb and Zr to Er is (4 to 19): 1.
5. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
providing raw materials according to the components of the aluminum alloy material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, mixing the raw materials, and then sequentially carrying out smelting, refining and casting to obtain an alloy ingot;
and carrying out homogenization treatment, hot extrusion treatment and aging treatment on the alloy ingot in sequence.
6. The method for preparing an aluminum alloy material according to claim 5, wherein the homogenization treatment is carried out at a temperature of 540-565 ℃ for 4-13 hours.
7. The method for producing an aluminum alloy material according to claim 5, wherein the temperature of the hot extrusion treatment is 465 to 530 ℃, the speed is 1.0 to 4.0m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 30 to 80.
8. The method for preparing an aluminum alloy material according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the temperature of the aging treatment is 170 ℃ to 230 ℃, and the aging time is 6h to 16 h.
9. Use of an aluminium alloy material according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in the manufacture of an aluminium alloy article.
10. An aluminum alloy product characterized by comprising the aluminum alloy material according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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