CN114086036B - Aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.40 to 0.75 weight percent of Mg, 0.40 to 0.80 weight percent of Si, 0.05 to 0.25 weight percent of Fe, 0.05 to 0.25 weight percent of Cu, 0.03 to 0.20 weight percent of Zr, 0.005 to 0.05 weight percent of Mn, 0.01 to 0.05 weight percent of Ti, 0 to 0.20 weight percent of Y, 0 to 0.20 weight percent of Gd, 0.01 to 0.10 weight percent of La, 0.008 to 0.05 weight percent of Sr and the balance of Al. The aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy effectively slows down the partial polymerization of Mg atoms and Si atoms into atomic clusters at room temperature, reduces the negative influence of natural aging, effectively improves the tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, and has no influence on the conductivity of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum materials, in particular to an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the characteristics of low price, light weight, high strength, good processability and excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance, and is widely applied to the fields of wires and cables, cross-track section bars, electrodes and the like.
Aluminum-magnesium-silicon (Al-Mg-Si) alloys are common aluminum alloy materials with excellent electrical conductivity. However, the conventional aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy is aged after being placed in a room temperature environment for a period of time after being subjected to solution quenching or hot working, and the strength of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy is reduced, so that the strength and the conductivity cannot meet the use requirements at the same time. Therefore, there is a need to develop an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy material having high tensile strength and yield strength and excellent electrical conductivity.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention provides an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy material, a preparation method and application thereof, and the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy material has higher tensile strength, yield strength and electric conductivity.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows.
The aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
mg:0.40 to 0.75 weight percent of Si:0.40 to 0.80 weight percent of Fe:0.05 to 0.25 weight percent of Cu:0.05 to 0.25 weight percent of Zr:0.03 to 0.20 weight percent of Mn:0.005 to 0.05 weight percent of Ti:0.01 to 0.05 weight percent, Y:0 to 0.20 weight percent of Gd:0 to 0.20 weight percent of La:0.01 to 0.10 weight percent of Sr:0.008 to 0.05 weight percent and the balance of Al.
In some embodiments, the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
mg:0.55 to 0.75 weight percent of Si:0.50 to 0.70 weight percent of Fe:0.08 to 0.15 weight percent of Cu:0.10 to 0.20 weight percent of Zr:0.04 to 0.10 weight percent of Mn:0.005 to 0.01 weight percent of Ti:0.02 to 0.04 weight percent, Y:0.01 to 0.15 weight percent of Gd:0.01 to 0.15 weight percent of La:0.02 to 0.08 weight percent of Sr:0.01 to 0.03 weight percent of Al and the balance thereof.
In some of these embodiments, the mass ratio of Mg to Si in the Al-Mg-Si alloy is (0.78-1.5): 1.
In some of these embodiments, the sum of the mass of Fe, cu, zr, mn and Ti in the aluminum magnesium silicon alloy is 0.136wt% to 0.8wt%.
In some of these embodiments, the sum of the mass of Y, gd and La in the Al-Mg-Si alloy is 0.04wt% to 0.38wt%.
The invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which comprises the following steps:
adding raw materials according to the components of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, and sequentially smelting, refining and casting to obtain an alloy cast ingot;
sequentially carrying out homogenization treatment and hot extrusion treatment on the alloy cast ingot to obtain an alloy bar;
and (5) aging the alloy bar.
In some embodiments, the aging treatment comprises the following steps:
and carrying out natural aging treatment on the alloy bar, and then carrying out artificial aging treatment.
In some embodiments, in the preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, the natural aging time is 0.2-30 days; the temperature of the artificial aging is 170-220 ℃, and the aging time is 6-12 h.
In some embodiments, the homogenizing treatment comprises at least one of a first homogenizing treatment and a second homogenizing treatment; the temperature of the first homogenization treatment is 450-500 ℃ and the time is 1-10 h; the temperature of the second homogenization treatment is 540-565 ℃ and the time is 6-12 h.
In some embodiments, the temperature of the hot extrusion treatment is 460-500 ℃, the speed is 2.0-5.0 m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 30-80.
The invention provides an application of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy in preparing aluminum alloy products.
The invention also provides an aluminum alloy product, which comprises the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy and the preparation method thereof have the following beneficial effects:
according to the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, mg, si, fe, cu, zr, mn, ti, Y, gd, la, sr and Al are added according to a specific proportion, so that the segregation of Mg atoms and Si atoms into atomic clusters at room temperature is effectively slowed down, the problem that the strength is reduced when the traditional aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy is subjected to solution quenching or thermal processing and placed at room temperature and then subjected to artificial aging is effectively solved, the tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy can be effectively improved on the basis, and meanwhile, the conductivity of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy is basically unaffected.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of a homogenized alloy ingot obtained in step (3) of example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
The weights of the relevant components mentioned in the description of the embodiments of the present invention may refer not only to the specific contents of the components, but also to the proportional relationship between the weights of the components, so long as the contents of the relevant components in the description of the embodiments of the present invention are scaled up or down within the scope of the disclosure of the embodiments of the present invention. Specifically, the weight described in the specification of the embodiment of the present invention may be mass units known in the chemical industry field such as μ g, mg, g, kg.
The embodiment of the invention provides an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
mg:0.40 to 0.75 weight percent of Si:0.40 to 0.80 weight percent of Fe:0.05 to 0.25 weight percent of Cu:0.05 to 0.25 weight percent of Zr:0.03 to 0.20 weight percent of Mn:0.005 to 0.05 weight percent of Ti:0.01 to 0.05 weight percent, Y:0 to 0.20 weight percent of Gd:0 to 0.20 weight percent of La:0.01 to 0.10 weight percent of Sr:0.008 to 0.05 weight percent and the balance of Al.
In some examples, the aluminum magnesium silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
mg:0.55 to 0.75 weight percent of Si:0.50 to 0.70 weight percent of Fe:0.08 to 0.15 weight percent of Cu:0.10 to 0.20 weight percent of Zr:0.04 to 0.10 weight percent of Mn:0.005 to 0.01 weight percent of Ti:0.02 to 0.04 weight percent, Y:0.01 to 0.15 weight percent of Gd:0.01 to 0.15 weight percent of La:0.02 to 0.08 weight percent of Sr:0.02 to 0.03 weight percent of Al and the balance thereof.
In some examples, the aluminum magnesium silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
mg:0.60 to 0.72 weight percent of Si:0.57 to 0.66 weight percent of Fe:0.08 to 0.10 weight percent of Cu:0.10 to 0.15 weight percent of Zr:0.043wt% -0.053 wt%, mn:0.005 to 0.008wt% of Ti:0.021wt% -0.035 wt%, Y:0.01 to 0.05 weight percent of Gd:0.05 to 0.10 weight percent of La:0.03 to 0.075 weight percent, sr:0.03 to 0.05 weight percent and the balance of Al.
Optionally, the composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
mg:0.65 to 0.72 weight percent of Si:0.57 to 0.62 weight percent of Fe:0.08 to 0.10 weight percent of Cu:0.10 to 0.13 weight percent of Zr:0.050wt% -0.053 wt%, mn:0.005wt%, ti:0.030 to 0.035wt% and Y:0.030 to 0.043wt percent of Gd:0.056wt% -0.060 wt%, la:0.050 to 0.075wt%, sr:0.05wt% Al and the balance.
In some preferred examples, the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
mg:0.70wt%, si:0.62wt%, fe:0.08wt%, cu:0.10wt%, zr:0.08wt%, mn:0.05wt%, ti:0.0035wt%, Y:0.051wt%, gd:0.056wt%, la:0.068wt%, sr:0.030wt% Al and the balance.
In some examples, the mass ratio of Mg to Si in the Al-Mg-Si alloy is (0.78-1.5): 1; alternatively, the mass ratio of Mg to Si is (0.9-1.25): 1.
In some examples, the mass ratio of Mg to Si in the Al-Mg-Si alloy is (1.0-1.2): 1; preferably, the mass ratio of Mg to Si is (1.0-1.15): 1.
In some examples, the sum of the mass of Fe, cu, zr, mn and Ti in the aluminum magnesium silicon alloy is less than 0.8wt%; alternatively, the sum of the mass of Fe, cu, zr, mn and Ti is 0.136 to 0.45wt%; further, the sum of the mass of Fe, cu, zr, mn and Ti is 0.136wt% to 0.3wt%.
In some examples, the sum of the mass of Fe, cu, zr, mn and Ti in the aluminum magnesium silicon alloy is 0.20wt% to 0.28wt%; preferably, the sum of the mass of Fe, cu, zr, mn and Ti is 0.23wt% to 0.27wt%.
In some examples, the sum of the mass of Y, gd and La in the aluminum magnesium silicon alloy is 0.04wt% to 0.38wt%; optionally, the sum of the mass of Y, gd and La is 0.1-0.3 wt%; further, the sum of the mass of Y, gd and La is 0.12-0.25 wt%; preferably, the sum of the mass of Y, gd and La is 0.14wt% to 0.18wt%.
According to the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, mg, si, fe, cu, zr, mn, ti, Y, gd, la, sr and Al are added according to a specific proportion, wherein the sum of the mass of the transition metal Fe, cu, zr, mn and the mass of Ti is less than 0.8wt%, and the sum of the mass of the rare earth element Y, gd and the mass of La is 0.136-0.8 wt%, so that the phenomenon that Mg atoms and Si atoms are partially polymerized into atomic clusters at room temperature is effectively slowed down, the problem that the strength of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy is reduced after the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy is subjected to solution quenching or hot working at room temperature for a period of time and artificial aging is carried out again is effectively solved, and the tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy can be effectively improved on the basis that the strength is not reduced, and meanwhile, the conductivity of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy is basically unaffected.
An embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which comprises the steps S10-S50.
Step S10: providing raw materials according to the components of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, mixing the raw materials, and sequentially smelting, refining and casting to obtain an alloy ingot.
In some of these examples, in step S10, al is added in the form of an aluminum ingot. Optionally, the purity of the aluminum ingot is greater than 99.7%.
In some of these examples, mg is added in the form of magnesium ingots in step S10. Optionally, the purity of the magnesium ingot is greater than 99.9%.
In some of these examples, si, sc, er, Y, yb, zr, fe is added in the form of a master alloy with Al in step S10. It is understood that Si, fe, cu, zr, mn, ti, Y, gd, la, sr is added as a master alloy of Al-Si, al-Fe, al-Cu, al-Zr, al-Mn, al-Ti, al-Y, al-Gd, al-La, al-Sr, respectively.
In some examples, in step S10, the temperature of the feed is 680 ℃ to 700 ℃.
In some examples, in step S10, the smelting temperature is 730 ℃ to 750 ℃.
In some specific examples, in step S10, the smelting temperature is 740 ℃.
And smelting is carried out at a specific temperature, so that the burning loss of alloy elements is reduced.
In some of these examples, in step S10, the melt obtained by smelting is stirred after the smelting step.
In some examples, in step S10, the stirring speed is 80-300 r/min; optionally, the stirring speed is 100 r/min-200 r/min.
In some specific examples, in step S10, the stirring speed is 150r/min.
It is understood that the manner of agitation may be, but is not limited to, motor agitation.
In some of these examples, in step S10, the refining agent used in the refining step is hexachloroethane.
In some examples, in step S10, the mass of the refining agent is 0.25wt% to 0.50wt% of the total mass of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy; optionally, the mass of the refining agent is 0.30-0.40 wt% of the total mass of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy.
In some specific examples, in step S10, the mass of the refining agent is 0.30wt% of the total mass of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy.
In some examples, in step S10, the refining temperature is 750 ℃ to 760 ℃.
In some specific examples, in step S10, the refining temperature is 750 ℃.
In some examples, after the refining step, the melt further includes a step of degassing and deslagging the refined melt before the casting step in step S10.
In some examples, in step S10, the time for degassing is 4min to 8min; optionally, the degassing time is 4 min-6 min.
In some specific examples, in step S10, the time for degassing is 4min.
In some of these examples, in step S10, argon is used to degas the refined melt.
In some examples, the flow rate of argon gas in step S10 is 8L/min to 12L/min.
In some specific examples, the flow rate of argon gas in step S10 is 8L/min.
In some of these examples, in step S10, the purity of argon is 99.999%.
In some of these examples, in step S10, a rotating porous degasser is used to degas the refined melt.
In some examples, in step S10, the rotation speed is 80r/min to 400r/min; optionally, the rotation speed is 100 r/min-200 r/min.
In some specific examples, in step S10, the rotational speed is 150r/min.
In some examples, in step S10, the degassed melt is allowed to stand at 730℃to 740℃for >30min.
In some examples, step S10 further includes a step of filtering the melt after standing, before the casting step.
In some examples, in step S10, a double layer ceramic filter plate is used for filtration, the pore size of the double layer ceramic filter plate is 20-40 ppi or 40-60 ppi, and the preheating temperature of the ceramic foam is >300 ℃.
In some examples, in step S10, the casting temperature is 730 ℃ to 740 ℃.
In some specific examples, in step S10, the casting temperature is 740 ℃.
In some examples, in step S10, the mold used for casting is preheated to 200 ℃ or higher.
Step S20: and (3) homogenizing the alloy ingot obtained in the step (S10).
In some of these examples, in step S20, the homogenization treatment includes at least one of a first homogenization treatment and a second homogenization treatment. It is understood that the homogenization treatment may be performed by either the first homogenization treatment alone or the second homogenization treatment alone, or both the first and second homogenization treatments.
In some examples, in step S20, the temperature of the first homogenization treatment is 450 to 500 ℃ for 1 to 10 hours.
In some specific examples, in step S20, the temperature of the first homogenization treatment is 470 ℃ to 500 ℃ for 5 hours.
In some examples, in step S20, the temperature of the second homogenization treatment is 540 to 565 ℃ for 6 to 12 hours.
In some specific examples, in step S20, the temperature of the second homogenization treatment is 560 ℃ for 7 hours.
In some examples, in step S20, the homogenization treatment is a first homogenization treatment at a temperature of 450 ℃ to 500 ℃ for a time of 5 hours to 10 hours. It will be appreciated that the first homogenization treatment alone may take a longer time to achieve alloy homogeneity.
In some preferred examples, in step S20, the homogenization treatment is performed first and then the second homogenization treatment.
After the first homogenization treatment is performed, the second homogenization treatment is performed, so that the spheroidization of the second phase in the crystal grains is facilitated, the number of the acicular second phase in the crystal grain boundary is reduced, and the mechanical property of the alloy after hot extrusion can be further improved.
In some of these examples, in step S20, the homogenized alloy ingot is cooled.
In some examples, in step S20, the cooling is fan cooling or water cooling.
Step S30: and (3) performing hot extrusion treatment on the alloy ingot subjected to the homogenization treatment in the step (S20).
In some examples, in step S30, the alloy ingot is hot extruded in an extrusion barrel to obtain an alloy bar.
In some examples, in step S30, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is controlled to be 450-500 ℃, the temperature of the die is controlled to be 440-490 ℃, and the alloy ingot is kept at 470-520 ℃ for 1.5-2 hours, and then extrusion is performed. It is understood that the temperature of the hot extrusion is 470 to 520 ℃.
In some specific examples, in step S30, the temperature of the alloy ingot is controlled to be 480 ℃ to 500 ℃.
In some examples, in step S30, the extrusion speed is 2.0m/min to 5.0m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 30 to 80.
In some specific examples, in step S30, the extrusion speed is 2.0m/min and the extrusion ratio is 56.
In some examples, in step S30, the hot extrusion step is followed by cooling, either fan-cooled or water-cooled.
Step S40: straightening and prestretching the alloy bar.
In some of these examples, in step S40, the amount of deformation of the pretension is <10%.
In some specific examples thereof, in step S40, the amount of deformation of the pretension is 3%.
Step S50: and (3) aging the alloy bar obtained by the hot extrusion treatment.
In some of these examples, in step S50, the aging treatment includes the steps of:
firstly, carrying out natural aging treatment on the alloy bar, and then carrying out artificial aging treatment.
In some examples, in step S50, the natural aging time is 1 to 30 days; the artificial aging temperature is 170-220 ℃, and the aging time is 6-12 h.
Optionally, in step S50, the natural aging time is 5-21 days; the artificial aging temperature is 190-210 ℃, and the aging time is 10-12 h.
In some specific examples, in step S50, the natural aging time is 21 days; the artificial aging temperature is 200 ℃, and the aging time is 12h.
Mg, si, fe, cu, zr, mn, ti, Y, gd, la, sr and Al are added according to a specific proportion, and specific process and process parameters are further adopted for regulation and control, so that the tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy are effectively improved on the basis of maintaining good conductivity.
The embodiment of the invention provides an application of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy in preparing aluminum alloy products. Another embodiment of the present invention provides an aluminum alloy product, which comprises the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy.
The aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy is used for preparing aluminum alloy products, and can endow the aluminum alloy products with higher conductivity, tensile strength and yield strength.
In some of these embodiments, the aluminum alloy articles include, but are not limited to, wire and cable, cross-track profile, electrodes.
In some embodiments, the material of the aluminum alloy product may be the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, that is, the aluminum alloy product is directly prepared from the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy. In other embodiments, the aluminum alloy product may further include other materials besides the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The following examples of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy and the preparation method and application thereof according to the present invention, it is to be understood that the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy and the preparation method and application thereof according to the present invention are not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
(1) Proportioning materials
The raw materials of aluminum ingot, magnesium ingot and aluminum intermediate alloy (Al-20% Si, al-1% Fe, al-30% Cu, al-5% Zr, al-5% Mn, al-10% Ti, al-10% La, al-10% Sr) are prepared according to the following mass percentages:
mg:0.60wt%, si:0.63wt%, fe:0.090wt%, cu:0.15wt%, zr:0.043wt%, mn:0.0080wt%, ti:0.021wt%, la:0.030wt%, sr:0.030wt%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities; wherein, al-20% Si in the aluminum intermediate alloy represents Si accounting for 20% of the total mass of the Al-Si alloy, and Al-5% Zr represents Zr accounting for 5% of the total mass of the Al-Zr alloy; fe. The sum of the masses of Cu, zr, mn and Ti is 0.312%.
(2) Casting, refining and casting
Adding an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot and an aluminum intermediate alloy at 700 ℃, and stirring the melt by a motor at a stirring speed of 150r/min after the raw materials are completely melted; heating to 750 ℃ for refining, wherein the refining agent is hexachloroethane, and the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.30 weight percent of the total alloy mass; then, filling argon into a porous degassing device for degassing and deslagging, wherein the rotating speed of the porous degassing device is 150r/min, the flow rate of high-purity argon is 8L/min, and the time is 4min; and standing the melt at 740 ℃ for 35 minutes, and casting the melt into a water-cooling mould through a double-layer foam ceramic filter plate with the preheating temperature of more than 300 ℃ and the pore diameter of 20/40ppi to obtain an alloy cast ingot.
(3) Homogenization treatment
Homogenizing the alloy cast ingot obtained in the step (2) at 470 ℃ for 5 hours, homogenizing at 560 ℃ for 7 hours, and water-cooling to obtain a homogenized alloy cast ingot.
(4) Hot extrusion treatment
And (3) carrying out heat preservation on the homogenized alloy cast ingot prepared in the step (3) for 2 hours at 500 ℃ and then carrying out hot extrusion treatment, wherein the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 480 ℃, the temperature of a die is 470 ℃, the extrusion speed is 2m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 56, so that the alloy bar is obtained.
(5) Straightening and pre-stretching the alloy bar obtained in the step (4), wherein the pre-stretching deformation amount is 3%.
(6) And (3) naturally aging the alloy bar obtained in the step (5) for 21 days at room temperature, then artificially aging at 200 ℃ for 12 hours, and cooling with water to obtain the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy.
The structure diagram of the homogenized alloy ingot obtained in step (3) of example 1 is shown in fig. 1. As can be seen from FIG. 1, in example 1, the homogenized alloy cast ingot after being homogenized for 5h at 470 ℃ and 7h at 560 ℃ has a spherical second phase structure in the crystal grains, and the crystal grain boundary has no needle-shaped second phase, so that the tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy can be improved after extrusion.
Example 2
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that the ingredients in step (1) and step (6) were different, steps (1) and (6) were specifically as follows:
(1) Proportioning materials
The raw materials of aluminum ingot, magnesium ingot and aluminum intermediate alloy (Al-20% Si, al-1% Fe, al-30% Cu, al-5% Zr, al-5% Mn, al-10% Ti, al-10% La, al-10% Sr) are prepared according to the following mass percentages:
mg:0.63wt%, si:0.66wt%, fe:0.093wt%, cu:0.12wt%, zr:0.047wt%, mn:0.0050wt%, ti:0.023wt%, la:0.030wt%, sr:0.030wt%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities; fe. The sum of the masses of Cu, zr, mn and Ti was 0.288%.
(2) (5) the same as in example 1.
(6) And 5, naturally aging the alloy bar obtained in the step 5 for 5 days at room temperature, then artificially aging at 200 ℃ for 12 hours, and cooling with water to obtain the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy.
Example 3
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that the ingredients in step (1) were different, step (1) was specifically as follows:
(1) Proportioning materials
The raw materials of aluminum ingot, magnesium ingot and aluminum intermediate alloy (Al-20% Si, al-1% Fe, al-30% Cu, al-5% Zr, al-5% Mn, al-10% Ti, al-10% Y, al-15% Gd, al-10% La and Al-10% Sr) are prepared according to the following mass percentages:
mg:0.72wt%, si:0.62wt%, fe:0.10wt%, cu:0.13wt%, zr:0.053wt%, mn:0.0050wt%, ti:0.030wt%, Y:0.030wt%, gd:0.060wt%, la:0.050wt%, sr:0.050wt%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities; fe. The sum of the masses of Cu, zr, mn and Ti was 0.318%, and the sum of the masses of Y, gd and La was 0.14% by weight.
Example 4
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that the ingredients in step (1) were different, step (1) was specifically as follows:
(1) Proportioning materials
The raw materials of aluminum ingot, magnesium ingot and aluminum intermediate alloy (Al-20% Si, al-1% Fe, al-30% Cu, al-5% Zr, al-5% Mn, al-10% Ti, al-10% Y, al-15% Gd, al-10% La and Al-10% Sr) are prepared according to the following mass percentages:
mg:0.65wt%, si:0.57wt%, fe:0.080wt%, cu:0.10wt%, zr:0.050wt%, mn:0.0050wt%, ti:0.035wt%, Y:0.043wt%, gd:0.056wt%, la:0.075wt%, sr:0.050wt%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities; fe. The sum of the masses of Cu, zr, mn and Ti was 0.270%, and the sum of the masses of Y, gd and La was 0.174% by weight.
Example 5
(1) Proportioning materials
The raw materials of aluminum ingot, magnesium ingot and aluminum intermediate alloy (Al-20% Si, al-1% Fe, al-30% Cu, al-5% Zr, al-5% Mn, al-10% Ti, al-10% Y, al-15% Gd, al-10% La and Al-10% Sr) are prepared according to the following mass percentages:
mg:0.70wt%, si:0.62wt%, fe:0.08wt%, cu:0.10wt%, zr:0.08wt%, mn:0.05wt%, ti:0.0035wt%, Y:0.051wt%, gd:0.056wt%, la:0.068wt%, sr:0.030wt%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities; fe. The sum of the masses of Cu, zr, mn and Ti was 0.2385%, and the sum of the masses of Y, gd and La was 0.175% by weight.
(2) Casting, refining and casting
Adding an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot and an aluminum intermediate alloy at 700 ℃, and stirring the melt by a motor at a stirring speed of 150r/min after the raw materials are completely melted; heating to 750 ℃ for refining, wherein the refining agent is hexachloroethane, and the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.30 weight percent of the total alloy mass; then, filling argon into a porous degassing device for degassing and deslagging, wherein the rotating speed of the porous degassing device is 150r/min, the flow rate of high-purity argon is 8L/min, and the time is 4min; and standing the melt at 740 ℃ for 35 minutes, and casting the melt into a water-cooling mould through a double-layer foam ceramic filter plate with the preheating temperature of more than 300 ℃ and the pore diameter of 20/40ppi to obtain an alloy cast ingot.
(3) Homogenization treatment
Homogenizing the alloy cast ingot obtained in the step (2) at 470 ℃ for 5 hours, homogenizing at 560 ℃ for 7 hours, and water-cooling.
(4) Hot extrusion treatment
And (3) carrying out heat preservation on the homogenized alloy cast ingot prepared in the step (3) for 2 hours at 500 ℃, and then carrying out hot extrusion treatment, wherein the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 480 ℃, the temperature of a die is 470 ℃, the extrusion speed is 2m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 56, so that the alloy bar is obtained.
(5) Straightening and pre-stretching the alloy bar obtained in the step (4), wherein the pre-stretching deformation amount is 3%.
(6) And (3) naturally aging the alloy bar obtained in the step (5) for 21 days at room temperature, then artificially aging at 200 ℃ for 12 hours, and cooling with water to obtain the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy.
Comparative example 1
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that the ingredients in step (1) and step (6) were different, steps (1) and (6) were specifically as follows:
(1) Proportioning materials
The raw materials of aluminum ingot, magnesium ingot and aluminum intermediate alloy (Al-20% Si, al-1% Fe, al-30% Cu, al-5% Zr, al-5% Mn and Al-10% Sr) are prepared according to the following mass percentages:
mg:0.60wt%, si:0.62wt%, fe:0.085wt%, cu:0.13wt%, zr:0.055wt%, mn:0.0050 wt.%, balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
(2) (5) the same as in example 1.
(6) And (3) artificially aging the alloy bar obtained in the step (5) for 12 hours at the temperature of 200 ℃, and cooling with water to obtain the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy.
Comparative example 2
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that the ingredients in step (1) and step (6) were different, steps (1) and (6) were specifically as follows:
(1) Proportioning materials
The raw materials of aluminum ingot, magnesium ingot and aluminum intermediate alloy (Al-20% Si, al-1% Fe, al-30% Cu, al-5% Zr, al-5% Mn, al-10% Y and Al-15% Gd) are prepared according to the following mass percentages:
mg:0.70wt%, si:0.61wt%, fe:0.090wt%, cu:0.11wt%, zr:0.050wt%, mn:0.020wt%, Y:0.030wt%, gd:0.030 wt.%, balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
(2) (5) the same as in example 1.
(6) And (3) artificially aging the alloy bar obtained in the step (5) for 12 hours at the temperature of 200 ℃, and cooling with water to obtain the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy.
Comparative example 3
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that the ingredients in step (1) were different, step (1) was specifically as follows:
(1) Proportioning materials
The raw materials of aluminum ingot, magnesium ingot and aluminum intermediate alloy (Al-20% Si, al-1% Fe, al-30% Cu, al-5% Zr, al-5% Mn, al-10% Ti, al-10% La, al-10% Sr) are prepared according to the following mass percentages:
mg:0.85wt%, si:0.90wt%, fe:0.20wt%, cu:0.250wt%, zr:0.1wt%, Y:0.3wt%, la:0.1 wt.%, balance Al and unavoidable impurities.
The mass percentages of the components of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 (wt%)
The aluminum alloy materials obtained in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were subjected to mechanical properties and conductivity tests, and the measurement standards of conductivity, tensile strength, yield strength and elongation after break were as follows:
conductivity of: GB/T3048.2-2007;
tensile test: GB/T228.1-2010;
according to the rule, the standard of the elongation after break is more than 10 percent;
the test results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples merely represent a few embodiments of the present invention, which facilitate a specific and detailed understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, but are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. It should be understood that, based on the technical solutions provided by the present invention, those skilled in the art may obtain technical solutions through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments, which are all within the scope of protection of the appended claims. The scope of the patent is therefore intended to be covered by the appended claims, and the description and drawings may be interpreted as illustrative of the contents of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. The aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
mg:0.65wt% -0.72% wt%, si:0.57wt% -0.62 and wt percent of Fe:0.08wt% -0.10 wt%, cu:0.10wt% -0.13-wt%, zr: 0.050-wt% -0.053-wt%, mn:0.005wt%, ti:0.030wt% -0.035 wt%, Y:0.030wt% -0.043 wt%, gd:0.056wt% -0.060 wt%, la:0.050wt% -0.075 wt%, sr:0.05wt%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities; the sum of the mass of Y, gd and La is 0.14wt% -0.18 wt%, and the mass ratio of Mg to Si is (1.0-1.2): 1; fe. The mass sum of Cu, zr, mn and Ti is 0.136-wt% -0.3-wt%;
the preparation of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy comprises the following steps:
providing raw materials according to the components of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, mixing the raw materials, and sequentially smelting, refining and casting to obtain an alloy cast ingot;
sequentially carrying out homogenization treatment and hot extrusion treatment on the alloy cast ingot to obtain an alloy bar; the homogenizing treatment comprises performing a first homogenizing treatment and a second homogenizing treatment; the temperature of the first homogenization treatment is 470-500 ℃ and the time is 5 h; the temperature of the second homogenization treatment is 560 ℃ and the time is 7 h;
the temperature of the hot extrusion treatment is 470-520 ℃, the speed is 2.0m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 56;
carrying out natural aging treatment on the alloy bar, and then carrying out artificial aging treatment; the natural aging time is 21 days; the artificial aging temperature is 200 ℃ and the aging time is 12h.
2. The aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of Mg to Si is (1.0 to 1.15): 1.
3. The preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
providing raw materials according to the components of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy according to any one of claims 1-2, mixing the raw materials, and sequentially smelting, refining and casting to obtain an alloy ingot;
sequentially carrying out homogenization treatment and hot extrusion treatment on the alloy cast ingot to obtain an alloy bar; the homogenizing treatment comprises simultaneously performing a first homogenizing treatment and a second homogenizing treatment; the temperature of the first homogenization treatment is 470-500 ℃ and the time is 5 h; the temperature of the second homogenization treatment is 560 ℃ and the time is 7 h; the temperature of the hot extrusion treatment is 470-520 ℃, the speed is 2.0m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 56;
carrying out natural aging treatment on the alloy bar, and then carrying out artificial aging treatment; the natural aging time is 21 days; the artificial aging temperature is 200 ℃ and the aging time is 12h.
4. Use of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy according to any one of claims 1-2 in the preparation of aluminum alloy products.
5. An aluminum alloy product, characterized in that the aluminum alloy product comprises the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy according to any one of claims 1-2.
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