CN114038672A - Preparation method and device of complex special-shaped gradient magnet and application thereof - Google Patents
Preparation method and device of complex special-shaped gradient magnet and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114038672A CN114038672A CN202111137853.6A CN202111137853A CN114038672A CN 114038672 A CN114038672 A CN 114038672A CN 202111137853 A CN202111137853 A CN 202111137853A CN 114038672 A CN114038672 A CN 114038672A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
- B22F10/18—Formation of a green body by mixing binder with metal in filament form, e.g. fused filament fabrication [FFF]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
- H01F41/0246—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits by moulding or by pressing powder
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of magnet preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a complex special-shaped gradient magnet. The invention realizes the high-efficiency low-cost preparation of the special-shaped gradient magnet by using the 3D printing technology, improves the printing nozzle device to realize the addition of materials in a specific proportion, and meets the requirement of the preparation of the gradient magnet. The materials of the method can form a molten state when the nylon as the binder is molten after being fully mixed, and can be extruded and molded, the requirements of a 3D printing process are met, the mixed powder is extruded into a wire material by a double-screw extruder, then the wire material is connected with a printer nozzle for extrusion and molding, in addition, magnetic powder and nylon powder are dynamically added according to the magnetic field requirements of the gradient magnet, finally, 3D printing parameters are adjusted, and the gradient magnet is printed layer by layer to complete the preparation of the gradient magnet.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of magnet preparation, in particular to a preparation method and a device of a complex special-shaped gradient magnet and application thereof.
Background
The preparation of the magnet comprises a sintering process, a casting process, a bonding process and the like, wherein the bonding process has the advantages of lower process cost, simple process, high processing efficiency, short preparation process flow, realization of near-net-shape of a product and the like compared with the traditional casting and sintering processes, so that the bonding process is widely applied to large-scale commercial manufacturing, such as: automobile household appliances, electronic communication, traffic medical treatment, automatic machinery and the like.
In some specific occasions, the magnetic field needs to be distributed in a gradient manner to meet the application requirements, and according to different scene application requirements, the gradient magnetic field can be linear or nonlinear, although each magnetic material of the magnet prepared by the sintering process, the casting process, the bonding process and the like has performance, the performance and the composition of each part of each magnet are basically consistent, even if slight differences exist, the process defects cause the situation, the gradient magnetic field is usually realized by using a gradient coil, and therefore, a magnet with the gradient magnetic field is needed urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a complex special-shaped gradient magnet, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, preparing a printing wire material:
step S11, weighing magnetic powder with preset weight and a binder, and mixing to form mixed powder;
step S12, performing ball milling treatment on the mixed powder, and mixing and extruding to form a wire material;
step S2, print magnet:
step S21, printing a first gradient magnet structure layer: after the wire material in the first proportion, the magnetic powder in the second proportion and the binder in the third proportion are melted and mixed, a first gradient magnet structure layer is extruded on the substrate along a preset path;
step S22, printing a second gradient magnet structure layer: after the wire material in the first proportion, the magnetic powder in the fourth proportion and the binder in the fifth proportion are melted and mixed, extruding the mixture on the first gradient magnet along a preset path to form a second gradient magnet structure layer;
and printing each gradient magnet structure layer by layer according to the gradient number of the gradient magnets to form the gradient magnets.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the magnetic powder to the binder in the wire is 5: 1-7: 1, wherein the mass ratio of magnetic powder to binder in each magnet structure layer is 5: 1-7: 1.
Preferably, in step S11, the magnetic powder is pre-treated with a coupling agent, and an antioxidant is added to the mixed powder before the mixed powder is ball-milled.
Preferably, in step S12, the mass ratio of the balls to the materials in the ball milling device is 2:1, and alcohol is used as the ball milling medium, and the ball milling parameters include: the ball milling speed is 500-.
Preferably, in step S21 and step S22, the feeding speed of the filament material is kept constant, and the ratio of the filament material, the magnetic powder and the binder in the printed structural layer is adjusted by controlling the supply speed of the magnetic powder and the binder.
Preferably, the magnetic powder comprises rubidium, iron and boron magnetic powder, wherein the particle size of the magnetic powder is 5um, and the particle shape of the magnetic powder is circular or elliptical.
Preferably, the binder comprises nylon 6 powder, and the powder particle size of the binder is 200 meshes.
The invention provides another technical scheme, and the device for preparing the complex special-shaped gradient magnet comprises the following components:
a mixing device for mixing the magnetic powder and the binder and outputting a mixed powder;
the ball milling equipment is used for ball milling the mixed powder to a preset particle size;
the mixing equipment is used for extruding the mixed powder after ball milling into wires;
the printing equipment comprises an extrusion head with a melting section, wherein the extrusion head is provided with an extrusion channel passing through the melting section and used for printing the melted wire on a substrate by the extrusion head according to a preset path;
the extrusion head is further provided with a first connecting pipe and a second connecting pipe which are connected to the melting section, the first connecting pipe is used for adding magnetic powder, the second connecting pipe is used for adding a binder, and the melting section is set to be capable of melting and mixing the wire material, the magnetic powder and the binder, so that the extrusion head prints structural layers with different magnetic field gradients.
Preferably, the melting section is provided with a mixing drum for uniformly mixing the wire material, the magnetic powder and the binder entering the mixing drum and then extruding the mixture through a nozzle of the extrusion head.
The invention provides another technical scheme, and the application of the complex special-shaped gradient magnet in cutter passivation comprises the complex special-shaped gradient magnet prepared by the preparation method, and magnetic fields with different strengths are constructed in the magnetorheological fluid through the complex special-shaped gradient magnet so as to control the passivation amount of different parts of the cutter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
according to the invention, the 3D printing technology is utilized to realize the efficient and low-cost preparation of the special-shaped gradient magnet, and the influence of powder components, proportion, a mixing process and the like on the printable performance of the material is researched, so that the printing nozzle device is improved to realize the addition of the material with a specific proportion, and the preparation of the gradient magnet is met. The materials of the method can form a molten state at the melting point of the binder nylon after being fully mixed, can be extruded and molded, meets the requirements of a 3D printing process, and realizes the preparation of wires by mixing the materials at low cost. The mixed powder is extruded into wires by a double-screw extruder, then is connected with a printer nozzle for extrusion molding, in addition, magnetic powder and nylon powder are dynamically added according to the magnetic field requirement of the gradient magnet, finally, 3D printing parameters are adjusted, the preparation of the gradient magnet is completed by layer-by-layer printing, the near-net forming of products with complex shapes and difficult processing is realized, and a new thought is provided for non-uniform cutter passivation treatment.
It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and additional concepts described in greater detail below can be considered as part of the inventive subject matter of this disclosure unless such concepts are mutually inconsistent. In addition, all combinations of claimed subject matter are considered a part of the presently disclosed subject matter.
The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments and features of the present teachings can be more fully understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Additional aspects of the present invention, such as features and/or advantages of exemplary embodiments, will be apparent from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of specific embodiments in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
Drawings
The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures may be represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. Embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a complex shaped gradient magnet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a complex shaped gradient magnet according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional SEM photograph of a wire produced in the production method shown in the example of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the viscosity of the filaments of FIG. 3.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In this disclosure, aspects of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a number of illustrative embodiments are shown. Embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily intended to include all aspects of the invention. It should be understood that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those described in greater detail below, may be implemented in any of numerous ways using any of the apparatus and methods for making complex shaped gradient magnets, as the disclosed concepts and embodiments are not limited to any embodiment. In addition, some aspects of the present disclosure may be used alone, or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the present disclosure.
Because the conventional mode for producing the special-shaped magnet is generally a bonded magnet, and the bonded magnet forming mode has the problems of low efficiency, incapability of realizing rapid forming, complex processing, higher cost, incapability of realizing magnetic field gradualization and the like, the invention aims to provide the method for producing the complex special-shaped gradient magnet so as to meet the requirement of the magnetic field gradualization in a specific application scene, improve the preparation efficiency and effect of the magnet, reduce the preparation cost, and realize the near-net forming of a product with a complex shape and difficult processing.
[ METHOD FOR PRODUCING COMPLEX SPECIAL-SHAPED GRADIENT MAGNET ]
Referring to fig. 2, the present invention provides a method for preparing a complex shaped gradient magnet, comprising:
step S1, preparing a printing wire material:
step S11, weighing magnetic powder with preset weight and a binder, and mixing to form mixed powder;
step S12, performing ball milling treatment on the mixed powder, and mixing and extruding to form a wire material;
step S2, print magnet:
step S21, printing a first gradient magnet structure layer: after the wire material in the first proportion, the magnetic powder in the second proportion and the binder in the third proportion are melted and mixed, a first gradient magnet structure layer is extruded on the substrate along a preset path;
step S22, printing a second gradient magnet structure layer: after the wire material in the first proportion, the magnetic powder in the fourth proportion and the binder in the fifth proportion are melted and mixed, extruding the mixture on the first gradient magnet along a preset path to form a second gradient magnet structure layer;
and printing each gradient magnet structure layer by layer according to the gradient number of the gradient magnets to form the gradient magnets.
Mixing magnetic powder with binder
In an alternative embodiment, the magnetic powder is rubidium-iron-boron magnetic powder, and the binder is powdered binder, in this embodiment, nylon 6 powder is selected. Specifically, rubidium-iron-boron magnetic powder and nylon 6 powder are respectively weighed, and calculated according to the mass fraction ratio, the mass fraction of the rubidium-iron-boron magnetic powder accounts for 70-80% of the total components, the mass fraction of the nylon 6 powder accounts for 10% -20% of the total components, and the balance is a proper amount of additives.
Furthermore, a coupling agent KH-550 is used for pretreating the magnetic powder, so that the coupling agent can enhance the combination effect of the magnetic powder and a binder and promote the improvement of the orientation factor of the powder particles in a magnetic field; and then manually stirring for 5-10 min, and fully mixing.
Furthermore, because the rubidium, iron and boron magnetic powder is easy to oxidize in the air, an antioxidant, a lubricant and the like are added. Ball milling the mixed powder, wherein the mass ratio of ball materials is 2:1, a plurality of drops of alcohol are added as ball milling media, the ball milling rotation speed is set to be 500-1000r/min, and the ball milling time is 1-2 h.
Thus, the auxiliary agents such as the coupling agent, the antioxidant and the like improve the caking property, the toughness, the fluidity and the like, also improve the processing technology performance of the magnet, simplify the processing conditions and improve the processing efficiency.
Preparing wire material
Further, after the material mixing and ball milling are finished, taking out the steel balls, collecting the materials, adding the materials into a double-screw extruder, and mixing to prepare wire materials; the 1.75mm diameter wire was collected using a crimping tractor for use.
In an optional embodiment, the temperature of each section of the extruder is regulated, the temperature of a feeding section is 200 ℃, the temperature of a compression section is 225 ℃, the temperature of a melting section is 235 ℃, the temperature of a homogenizing section is 240 ℃, the temperature of a machine head is 240 ℃, the mixed materials are extruded by the extruder, and the set rotating speed is 40 r/min; finally, the diameter of the obtained extruded wire is 1.75 mm; collecting the wire material by using a traction crimping machine, and loading the wire material on a consumable rack of a printer.
In a preferred embodiment, the particle size of the magnetic powder is 5um, and the magnetic powder particle is circular or elliptical, so that the surface defect degree of the magnetic powder under a microscope can be reduced, the uniform distribution of the powder is promoted, and the performance of the magnet is improved.
Further, as the binder, it is necessary to select a binder having a large binding force, a high binding strength, a low water absorption, a good dimensional stability, and not too small a binder particle, or agglomeration easily occurs, and also, in order to secure the binding strength and facilitate extrusion, it is necessary to have a good fluidity as the binder for the preparation of an extruded filament, and in a preferred embodiment, the binder includes nylon 6 powder, and the powder particle size of the binder is 200 mesh.
Gradient magnet structure layer printing
In order to realize the preparation of the gradient magnet, the nozzle of the 3D printing equipment is improved, two feeding holes are added in the heating and melting section of the printing equipment, the magnetic powder and the nylon 6 are fully mixed in a mixing barrel at the joint of the device and the nozzle by adjusting the adding proportion of the magnetic powder and the nylon 6, and finally, the mixture is extruded and molded.
Modeling a sample, slicing the sample, converting the sample into an STL file, introducing the STL file into an FDM 3D printer, setting printing parameters of the printer according to the characteristics of materials for preparing wires, and adjusting the temperature of a spray head to 240 ℃ and other parameters.
Because the extrusion strip that will guarantee the printing after the shaping and extrude can form the molten state and can extrusion moulding when the melting point of nylon, accords with 3D printing process requirement, consequently, the addition of magnetic powder and the addition of binder all accord with: the mass ratio of the magnetic powder to the binder is 5: 1-7: 1, so that the mass ratio of the magnetic powder to the binder in the magnet structure layer is 5: 1-7: 1.
Specifically, magnetic powder and a binder (nylon 6 powder) are dynamically added according to the magnetic field requirement of the gradient magnet, and the feeding speed of the middle wire material is kept unchanged, so that when the structural layers of different gradient magnets are printed, the proportion of the wire material is unchanged, the adding proportion of the magnetic powder or the binder is controlled, finally, 3D printing parameters are adjusted, and the magnets are printed layer by layer to complete the preparation of the magnets.
In one particular embodiment:
1. selecting isotropic rubidium iron boron magnetic powder with the mark MQFP-15-7 according to the proportion: 77% by weight of magnetic powder, 13% by weight of binder nylon, 1% by weight of silane coupling agent, 6% by weight of trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate and 3% by weight of zinc stearate. Because the rubidium, iron and boron are easy to oxidize, the rubidium, iron and boron are mixed with the coupling agent and stirred for 10min for pretreatment, and finally other additives are added and put into a ball mill for full mixing, the mass ratio of ball materials is 2:1, the ball milling medium is two drops of alcohol, the ball milling speed is set to be 500r/min, and the ball milling time is 1 h.
2. Taking out the mixed powder, adding the mixed powder into a double-screw extruder, mixing, adjusting the temperature of each section of the extruder, wherein the temperature of a feeding section is 200 ℃, the temperature of a compression section is 225 ℃, the temperature of a melting section is 235 ℃, the temperature of a homogenization section is 240 ℃, the temperature of a machine head is 240 ℃, and the mixed material is extruded by the extruder at the set rotating speed of 40 r/min; finally, the diameter of the obtained extruded wire is 1.75 mm; collecting the wire material by using a traction crimping machine, and loading the wire material on a consumable rack of a printer.
3. Taking partial sections of the printed wires, observing that the printed wires are good in toughness, and taking an SEM image of the section of the brittle section of the cut sections of the printed wires as shown in FIG. 3; the microstructure of the cross section of the material and the uniform degree of powder distribution can be seen, and the good mixing process of the material is judged.
4. At the same time, the wires were subjected to rheological tests, and a viscosity profile was prepared, as shown in FIG. 4: the abscissa represents shear rate and the ordinate represents viscosity. The shear rate is in the range of 0.001-1 and represents low shear viscosity, and the high shear viscosity indicates good water diversion resistance, good anti-sagging performance and good storage stability; shear rates in the range of 1-100 represent medium shear viscosity, which represents the process of shear thinning; the shear rate in the range of 100 and later represents high shear viscosity, and the high shear viscosity indicates that a section of viscosity value is stable, and the curve conforms to the flowing rule of pseudoplastic fluid in non-Newtonian fluid, and indicates that the material is easy to process under proper shear force and the energy required in the forming process is reduced.
5. The feeding speed of the wire feeding port is kept constant, the feeding amount of the magnetic powder and the nylon 6 powder is adjusted according to the requirement of the magnetic field intensity by the feeding ports on the two sides, the adding proportion of the magnetic powder and the nylon 6 powder is changed in the interval suitable for extruding materials, and the feeding amount of the magnetic powder and the nylon 6 powder is adjusted according to the requirement of the magnetic field intensity. All the materials enter a mixing barrel to be mixed and are mixed and extruded by two screws, the set rotating speed is 40r/min, and the temperature of a heating bar in the barrel is heated to 240 ℃.
6. Designing a three-dimensional model export STL file through three-dimensional modeling software NX, and carrying out slicing processing through software cura; according to the melting point of nylon and the performance of printing wires, the printing parameters of the original commercial wires are changed, the temperature of a spray head is adjusted to 240 ℃, the temperature of a hot bed is adjusted to 60 ℃, the layer height is 0.2mm, the wall thickness is 0.8mm, the thickness of a top layer/a bottom layer is 0.6mm, the filling density is 100%, the printing speed is 30mm/s, and the support type is full support.
In the embodiment, the diameter of the nozzle of the printer is 0.4mm, so the layer height cannot exceed 0.4mm, and the layers can interact with each other to be bonded so as to print; the printing speed is the theoretically best speed when the height difference between the lower initial end and the tail end of the straight line with the same length is printed at different speeds, so the correct speed is in the range of about 30 mm/s; the larger the wall thickness is, the more the materials are used, the more expensive the price is, the wall thickness is too small, the materials cannot be used or are fragile and easy to break, the materials are usually set to be the corresponding multiples of the nozzle, and the wall thickness of 0.8mm is suitable for printing the materials; the thickness of the top layer/the bottom layer is set to be a multiple of the thickness of the layer and is close to the thickness of the wall, so that the strength of the model is more uniform; the magnet sample was solid with a packing density set to 100%; considering that the thermal deformation temperature of PA6 is 65 ℃ under high pressure, in order to prevent the warping deformation on the printing platform, the temperature of the platform should be kept constant above 60 ℃.
7. After parameter setting is finished, the sliced model is stored as a Gcode executable by a 3D printer, the Gcode is stored in a memory card and uploaded to the printer, the Gcode is the same as printing of other commercial printing materials, and a stored code file is selected to start printing.
[ PREPARATION APPARATUS FOR COMPLEX SPECIAL-SHAPED GRADIENT MAGNET ]
With reference to fig. 1, the present invention provides another technical solution, which is a device for preparing a complex irregular-shaped gradient magnet, and is used for preparing the complex irregular-shaped gradient magnet according to the preparation method in the above solution, and the device mainly includes a mixing device 1, a ball milling device 2, a mixing device 3, and a printing device 4.
Wherein, the mixing device 1 is used for mixing the magnetic powder and the binder and outputting the mixed powder, and in an alternative embodiment, the mixing device 1 is an automatic mixing device or a manual mixing device. The ball milling equipment 2 is used for ball milling the mixed powder to a preset particle size; the mixing device 3 is used for extruding the mixed powder after ball milling into wires.
In an alternative embodiment, the mixing apparatus 3 comprises a twin screw extruder. The temperature of each section of the double-screw extruder is regulated, the temperature of a feeding section is 200 ℃, the temperature of a compression section is 225 ℃, the temperature of a melting section is 235 ℃, the temperature of a homogenizing section is 240 ℃, the temperature of a machine head is 240 ℃, the mixed materials are extruded by the extruder, the set rotating speed is 40r/min, and finally the diameter of the obtained extruded wire is 1.75 mm.
The printing device 4 comprises an extrusion head with a melting section 41, wherein the extrusion head is provided with an extrusion channel passing through the melting section and used for melting the wire and then printing the melted wire on a substrate by the extrusion head according to a preset path;
wherein, the extrusion head is further provided with a first connecting pipe 42 and a second connecting pipe 43 connected to the melting section 41, the first connecting pipe 42 is used for adding magnetic powder, the second connecting pipe 43 is used for adding binder, preferably, the binder is nylon 6 powder, and the melting section 41 is configured to melt and mix the filament material, the magnetic powder and the binder, so that the extrusion head prints structural layers with different magnetic field gradients.
Preferably, the melting section 41 is provided with a mixing drum, two screws are arranged in the mixing drum, and the wire material, the magnetic powder and the binder entering the mixing drum are uniformly mixed through the two screws and then are extruded out through an extrusion head nozzle.
So, through the difference of control magnetic powder, binder supply volume, can extrude and contain the different printing layer of magnetic powder volume, form the structural layer of gradient magnet, and 3D prints the effect that has the complicated dysmorphism body of formation, consequently, printable formation complicated dysmorphism gradient magnet.
Application of complex special-shaped gradient magnet in tool passivation
The invention provides another technical scheme, and the application of the complex special-shaped gradient magnet in cutter passivation comprises the complex special-shaped gradient magnet prepared by the preparation method, and magnetic fields with different strengths are constructed in the magnetorheological fluid through the complex special-shaped gradient magnet so as to control the passivation amount of different parts of the cutter.
After the metal cutting tool is sharpened, no sharp edge exists in a strict sense, and a certain transition area, namely a cutting edge of the tool, exists between the front tool face and the rear tool face. Due to the non-uniformity of the grinding wheel abrasive particles and the cutter material, microscopic defects are inevitably generated on the cutting edge of the cutter. The tiny defects can not be identified by naked eyes generally, but are easy to expand in the cutting process, so that the failure of the cutter is accelerated, and the cutting performance of the cutter is influenced. The passivation of the cutting edge can effectively eliminate microscopic defects, strengthen the cutting edge and prolong the service life of the cutter.
Due to the difference of load distribution on the cutting edge, the adoption of the uniform and uniform passivated cutting edge causes that some parts are too large or too small relative to an optimized value, the overall cutting performance of the cutter is influenced, and the cutting edge is easy to be locally damaged, so that a differentiated and non-uniform cutter passivating device is needed.
In the prior art, as disclosed in application No. CN106001724A, a hard rotary milling cutter with a non-uniform passivated cutting edge and a processing device thereof, a special-shaped magnet is used to cooperate with magnetorheological fluid to passivate the cutter, but the method still cannot meet the requirement of more detailed cutter passivation, therefore, the complex special-shaped gradient magnet prepared by the scheme is used for providing different magnetic field strengths at different parts by utilizing the complex special-shaped gradient magnet, the magnetic field strength is one of main influence factors of the removal efficiency of a passivated object material, and the purpose of controlling the local passivation amount can be achieved by controlling the distribution of the magnetic field strength so as to realize non-uniform passivation or differential passivation.
By combining the embodiment, the special-shaped gradient magnet is efficiently prepared at low cost by using a 3D printing technology, and the printing nozzle device is improved to realize the addition of materials in a specific proportion by researching the influence of powder components, proportion, a mixing process and the like on the printable performance of the materials, so that the preparation of the gradient magnet is met. The materials of the method can form a molten state at the melting point of the binder nylon after being fully mixed, can be extruded and molded, meets the requirements of a 3D printing process, and realizes the preparation of wires by mixing the materials at low cost. The mixed powder is extruded into wires by a double-screw extruder, then is connected with a printer nozzle for extrusion molding, in addition, magnetic powder and nylon powder are dynamically added according to the magnetic field requirement of the gradient magnet, finally, 3D printing parameters are adjusted, the preparation of the gradient magnet is completed by layer-by-layer printing, the near-net forming of products with complex shapes and difficult processing is realized, and a new thought is provided for non-uniform cutter passivation treatment.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a complex special-shaped gradient magnet is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, preparing a printing wire material:
step S11, weighing magnetic powder with preset weight and a binder, and mixing to form mixed powder;
step S12, performing ball milling treatment on the mixed powder, and mixing and extruding to form a wire material;
step S2, print magnet:
step S21, printing a first gradient magnet structure layer: after the wire material in the first proportion, the magnetic powder in the second proportion and the binder in the third proportion are melted and mixed, a first gradient magnet structure layer is extruded on the substrate along a preset path;
step S22, printing a second gradient magnet structure layer: after the wire material in the first proportion, the magnetic powder in the fourth proportion and the binder in the fifth proportion are melted and mixed, extruding the mixture on the first gradient magnet along a preset path to form a second gradient magnet structure layer;
and printing each gradient magnet structure layer by layer according to the gradient number of the gradient magnets to form the gradient magnets.
2. The method for preparing a complex shaped gradient magnet as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of magnetic powder to binder in the wire is 5: 1-7: 1, wherein the mass ratio of magnetic powder to binder in each magnet structure layer is 5: 1-7: 1.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S11, the magnetic powder is pre-treated with a coupling agent, and an antioxidant is added to the mixed powder before the ball milling of the mixed powder.
4. The method for preparing a complex special-shaped gradient magnet according to claim 1, wherein in step S12, the mass ratio of balls to materials in the ball milling equipment is 2:1, and alcohol is used as a ball milling medium, and the ball milling parameters include: the ball milling speed is 500-.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in steps S21 and S22, the feeding speed of the filament is kept constant, and the ratio of the filament, the magnetic powder and the binder in the printed structure layer is adjusted by controlling the supply speed of the magnetic powder and the binder.
6. The method for preparing a complex shaped gradient magnet according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the magnetic powder comprises rubidium, iron and boron magnetic powder, wherein the particle size of the magnetic powder is 5um, and the particle shape of the magnetic powder is circular or elliptical.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the binder comprises nylon 6 powder, and the powder particle size of the binder is 200 mesh.
8. The utility model provides a preparation facilities of complicated dysmorphism gradient magnet which characterized in that includes:
a mixing device for mixing the magnetic powder and the binder and outputting a mixed powder;
the ball milling equipment is used for ball milling the mixed powder to a preset particle size;
the mixing equipment is used for extruding the mixed powder after ball milling into wires;
the printing equipment comprises an extrusion head with a melting section, wherein the extrusion head is provided with an extrusion channel passing through the melting section and used for printing the melted wire on a substrate by the extrusion head according to a preset path;
the extrusion head is further provided with a first connecting pipe and a second connecting pipe which are connected to the melting section, the first connecting pipe is used for adding magnetic powder, the second connecting pipe is used for adding a binder, and the melting section is set to be capable of melting and mixing the wire material, the magnetic powder and the binder, so that the extrusion head prints structural layers with different magnetic field gradients.
9. The apparatus for preparing a complex shaped gradient magnet according to claim 8, wherein the melting section is provided with a mixing drum for uniformly mixing the wire, the magnetic powder and the binder entering the mixing drum and then extruding the mixture through a nozzle of the extrusion head.
10. The application of the complex special-shaped gradient magnet in passivation of the cutter is characterized by comprising the complex special-shaped gradient magnet prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 7, and magnetic fields with different strengths are constructed in the magnetorheological fluid through the complex special-shaped gradient magnet so as to control the passivation amount of different parts of the cutter.
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