CN106571219B - The device and method of magnetic field orientating 3D printing anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body - Google Patents
The device and method of magnetic field orientating 3D printing anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body Download PDFInfo
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- CN106571219B CN106571219B CN201610954912.1A CN201610954912A CN106571219B CN 106571219 B CN106571219 B CN 106571219B CN 201610954912 A CN201610954912 A CN 201610954912A CN 106571219 B CN106571219 B CN 106571219B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0578—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together bonded together
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F13/00—Apparatus or processes for magnetising or demagnetising
- H01F13/003—Methods and devices for magnetising permanent magnets
Abstract
A kind of device and method of magnetic field orientating 3D printing anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body, belongs to rare earth permanent-magnetic material manufacturing field.Device includes forming cavity and control unit two parts.Forming cavity is made up of electron beam gun, heat shield, powder cabin, powder rake, machine table, conveyer, magnetizing apparatus.Equipment is characterised by：Magnetizing apparatus has been disposed in traditional 3D printing equipment, the orientation that magnetizes is carried out to magnetic before heating process, so as to obtain anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body.Neodymium iron boron master alloying powder is mixed with low melting point rare earth copper (aluminium) auxiliary alloyed powder, fed using powdering form, magnetize orientation to individual layer powder；Under electron beam effect, control temperature makes low melting point rare earth copper (aluminium) auxiliary alloy molten at 500-900 DEG C, and 2:14:1 neodymium iron boron principal phase does not melt, so that major-minor phase is combined closely；Repeat this process successively to accumulate, until formed product.The present invention can be quickly manufactured, complex-shaped, it is not necessary to which mould, process stabilizing, strong operability, repeatability is high, zero organic matter, saves binder removal.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rare earth permanent-magnetic material manufacturing field, specifically provides magnetic field orientating 3D printing anisotropy neodymium iron boron
The device and method of magnet.
Background technology
Neodymium iron boron magnetic body conventional molding process is more using molding, injection, extrusion, along with a large amount of different size moulds in production
The use of tool, substantial amounts of cost and space can be consumed, and the maintenance and maintenance in later stage are also required to substantial amounts of manpower, then add
Upper design and making mould may require that the longer cycle, and these the delay in delivery phase or will cause to be unable to punctual delivery.In addition, adopt
It can not accomplish that accurately the later stage also needs to be machined out it, is unfavorable in place with the blank dimension of traditional handicraft shaping production
The change of magnet specification, and processing cost is very high, while make ultrathin（Less than 1 millimeter）Magnet have very big processing
Difficulty.
3D printing technique digitizes product structure by softwares such as CAD, and driving machinery equipment is fabricated into device.
The object of three-dimensional structure first resolves into two-dimensional layered structure, and successively adding up forms three-dimensional article.3D printing technique can be with principle
Produce any complicated structure, and manufacturing process more flexibleization.Accumulation mode from below to up is for realizing non-even cause material
Material, functionally gradient device advantageously.The part of the difficult shaping of any high-performance can be disposably direct by " printing " mode
Manufacture, it is not necessary to realized by assembling the complex processes such as splicing.This technological process is short, the full-automatic, scene of can be achieved is made
Make, manufacture more rapidly, it is more efficient.
The Patents of 3D printing neodymium iron boron magnetic body equipment are retrieved, are filled as CN201510580637.7 patents disclose one kind
The cold printing equipments of magnetic-type magnetic material 3D.Using this kind equipment, add indispensable organic matter.Different classes of organic matter is played the part of
The roles such as bonding agent, coupling agent, plasticizer, lubricant.The effect of magnetic domain repulsion result in powder and starch between magnetic alloy powder
" sedimentation " behavior in material, influence the uniformity of finished product.The equipment needs magnetic alloy powder to be kneaded with coupling agent and be squeezed into silk
Shape prints material, and nozzle temperature regulation and control directly affects material viscosity in print procedure, it is possible that the result of feed difficulty.
Therefore, directly using sintering magnetic print with anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body be still stability and high efficiency manufacture means.
High energy beam melt direct manufacturing technology coordinate 3D printing technique be widely used in Aero-Space manufacture, automobile making,
The fields such as medicine equipment manufacture.Printed for metal dust, according to the shape and size of product, by 3D and CAD design, directly
It is stl file pattern by cad file storage, then is transferred in equipment.High energy beam includes laser beam, electron beam and ion beam, leads to
The melting process of equipment high energy beam is crossed, successively fusing metal powder, required functional metal production directly, is quickly made
Product.It is characterized in：Mould is not needed, is quickly manufactured；The anisotropic approach product for being not easy to measurement can be with exactly 1：1 system
Make；Refractory metal and different types of metal alloy can be melted；Powder raw material recovery percent reduction is more than in production process
95%；Production cost is reduced to greatest extent, can be applied to the quick manufacture field such as aviation, automobile, medicine equipment.Herein I
With the addition of magnetizing equipment in electron beam melting 3D printing equipment, with obtain there is anisotropic magnet.
The content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of device and method of magnetic field orientating 3D printing anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body.Device characteristic
It is that it is made up of forming cavity and control unit two parts.More conventional 3D printing neodymium iron boron equipment difference is：In tradition
Magnetizing apparatus has been disposed in 3D printing equipment, the orientation that magnetizes is carried out to magnetic before heating process, so as to obtain anisotropy neodymium
Iron boron magnet.
A kind of device of magnetic field orientating 3D printing anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body, device include forming cavity and control unit two
Part；Forming cavity is made up of electron beam gun, heat shield, powder cabin, powder rake, machine table, conveyer, magnetizing apparatus.
Wherein described electron beam gun is from top to bottom made up of filament, astigmatic lens, condenser lens, deflection lens；Electron beam
Rifle heating-up temperature is less than neodymium iron boron principal phase fusing point；It is heat shield below electron beam gun, respectively there is a powder cabin heat shield top both sides,
Powder cabin top is that charging aperture docks with batch can, and bottom is discharging opening, is controlled and discharged by control unit, and discharging opening goes out to have powder rake, powder
Scraping is dynamic to spread over machine table surface by powder, and machine table under the control of the control unit, moves down via conveyer, move to right into
Enter in magnetizing apparatus；Magnetizing apparatus is upper and lower two electromagnet, and magnetic pole area is 2-10 times of machine table, power controller controls magnetic field
More than 1.5T.
A kind of method using device magnetic field orientating 3D printing anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body as described above, it is characterized in that：
In a manner of electron beam melting metal, a kind of complex-shaped anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body is prepared；Choose NdFeB magnetic powder with it is low
The mixed powder of fusing point rare earth-copper or the auxiliary alloy powder of aluminium, the orientation that magnetizes is carried out to individual layer powder after powdering；Low melting point rare earth-copper
Or the auxiliary alloy molten of aluminium, and 2:14:1 neodymium iron boron principal phase does not melt, so that major-minor phase is combined closely；This process is repeated successively to tire out
Product, until formed product；Concrete technology step is：
A) powder is filled：The neodymium iron boron necessarily matched is broken with low melting point rare earth-copper (aluminium) auxiliary alloy by coarse crushing or hydrogen, air-flow
The methods of mill or ball milling, is crushed to the powder of 1~5 μm of particle mean size, is well mixed；Mixed powder loads batch can via material
Storehouse upper feed inlet inserts powder cabin, control unit control powder cabin bottom discharge hole for discharge, and powder scraping is moved powder in machine table
Sprawl shaping.
B) magnetic field orientating：Machine table under the control of the control unit, moves down via conveyer, moves to right into magnetizing apparatus
In.Magnetizing apparatus is upper and lower two electromagnet, and magnetic pole area is about 2-10 times of machine table, and power controller controls magnetic field is more than
1.5T.The orientation that magnetizes is carried out to individual layer powder.
C) melt-processed：After magnetizing, machine table removes magnetizing apparatus, according to the shape and size of product, 3D and CAD design,
Import file.It it is 550 DEG C~950 DEG C along electron beam heating temperature range（Less than neodymium iron boron 2:14:1 principal phase fusing point）, it is gradually molten
Change auxiliary alloy powder, conveyer planar moves according to control unit instruction, and the auxiliary alloy of liquid plays viscous in melting process
Connect effect.Normal temperature is naturally cooled to after process finishing.Wait feeding system feed.
D) b, step c are repeated, powder is successively accumulated, and obtains product.
The auxiliary alloy of the low melting point rare earth-copper (aluminium), rare earth are La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Tb, Dy, Ho, one kind in Gd, Y or
More than；Chosen in Cu, Al one or two kinds of.
It the advantage is that：
1. low melting point rare earth-copper (aluminium) auxiliary alloy plays the role of bonding agent during, and organic matter zero adds, technique letter
It is single.
2. using powdering feed mode, simple operation.
3. Directly rapid fabrication, formed precision is high, and operating efficiency is high.
4. shaping blank can carry out resintering, slug type magnet can be obtained, also can obtain intensity, performance is better than tradition bonding magnetic
The class bonded magnet of body.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is a kind of apparatus structure signal of magnetic field orientating 3D printing anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body of the present invention
Figure.
Description of reference numerals：（1）Filament,（2）Astigmatic lens,（3）Condenser lens,（4）Deflection lens,（5）Heat shield,
（6）Powder cabin,（7）Powder rake,（8）Machine table,（9）Conveyer, (10) electromagnet, (11) power-supply controller of electric,（12）Control unit.
Embodiment
Although detailed retouch is carried out to the embodiment of the present invention with reference to following illustrative examples of the present invention
State, but should be noted that in the case where not departing from the core of the present invention, any simple deformation, modification or other
Those skilled in the art can not spend the equivalent substitution of performing creative labour to each fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1：
1. by Nd2Fe14B and Pr68Cu32（at.%）The broken powder particle for being made 3.5 μm of alloy cast ingot, by 5%（Quality
Fraction）Pr68Cu32Alloyed powder is well mixed with Nd-Fe-B powder loads batch can, and batch can docks with powder cabin charging aperture, powder is noted
Enter feed bin, control unit control discharge hole for discharge, the dynamic powder for obtaining about 25 microns of thickness in monolayer of powder scraping.
2. conveyer under the control of the control unit, moves down, move to right to magnetizing apparatus electromagnet center, magnetic pole and fill
Magnetic, magnetic field size are 1.8T.
3. the individual layer powder after magnetizing removes magnetizing apparatus, according to the shape and size of product, 3D and CAD design, import
File, electron beam gun are heated to 900 DEG C, and electron beam melts Pr according to design68Cu32Alloy powder, machine table is via control unit
Control is planar moved, and normal temperature is naturally cooled to after process finishing.Newly-increased powder enters, and repeats above step, powder is successively
Fusing obtains ideal form.
Embodiment 2：
1. by Nd2Fe14B and Pr4The broken powder particle for being made 3.5 μm of Al alloy cast ingots, by 5%（Mass fraction）'s
Pr4Al alloyed powders are well mixed with Nd-Fe-B powder loads batch can, and batch can is docked with powder cabin charging aperture, and powder is injected into feed bin, is controlled
Unit processed controls discharge hole for discharge, the dynamic powder for obtaining about 50 microns of thickness in monolayer of powder scraping.
2. conveyer under the control of the control unit, moves down, move to right to magnetizing apparatus electromagnet center, magnetic pole and fill
Magnetic, magnetic field size are 1.8T.
3. the individual layer powder after magnetizing removes magnetizing apparatus, according to the shape and size of product, 3D and CAD design, import
File, electron beam gun are heated to 900 DEG C, and electron beam melts Pr according to design4Al alloy powders, machine table is via control unit control
System is planar moved, and normal temperature is naturally cooled to after process finishing.Newly-increased powder enters, and repeats above step, and powder successively melts
Change obtains ideal form.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of device of magnetic field orientating 3D printing anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body, it is characterised in that in traditional 3D printing equipment
On disposed magnetizing apparatus, the orientation that magnetizes is carried out to magnetic before heating process, so as to obtain anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body；Dress
Put including forming cavity and control unit two parts；Forming cavity is filled by electron beam gun, heat shield, powder cabin, powder rake, machine table, transmission
Put, magnetizing apparatus composition；
Wherein, the electron beam gun is from top to bottom by filament (1), astigmatic lens (2), condenser lens (3), deflection lens (4) structure
Into；Electron beam gun heating-up temperature is less than neodymium iron boron principal phase fusing point；It is heat shield (5) below electron beam gun, heat shield top both sides
Respectively there is a powder cabin (6), powder cabin top is that charging aperture docks with batch can, and bottom is discharging opening, is controlled out by control unit (12)
Material, discharging opening go out to have powder to harrow (7), and powder scraping is dynamic to spread over machine table (8) surface by powder, and machine table is in control unit (12)
Under control, move down, moved to right in entrance (10) magnetizing apparatus via conveyer (9)；Magnetizing apparatus is upper and lower two electromagnet, magnetic pole strength
Product is 2-10 times of machine table, and power-supply controller of electric (11) control magnetic field is more than 1.5T.
2. a kind of method using claim 1 described device magnetic field orientating 3D printing anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body, its feature
It is, in a manner of electron beam melting metal, prepares a kind of complex-shaped anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body；Choose NdFeB magnetic powder
With low melting point rare earth-copper or the mixed powder of the auxiliary alloy powder of aluminium, the orientation that magnetizes is carried out to individual layer powder after powdering；Low melting point is dilute
Soil-copper or the auxiliary alloy molten of aluminium, and 2:14:1 neodymium iron boron principal phase does not melt, so that major-minor phase is combined closely；Repeat this process
Successively accumulate, until formed product；
Concrete technology step is：
A) powder is filled：The neodymium iron boron that necessarily matches and low melting point rare earth-copper or the auxiliary alloy of aluminium by coarse crushing or hydrogen be broken, airflow milling or
Ball grinding method is crushed to the powder of 1~5 μm of particle mean size, is well mixed；Mixed powder inserts powder cabin, and powder scraping is dynamic by powder
End transforms into type on machine table upper berth；
B) magnetic field orientating：The orientation that magnetizes is carried out to individual layer powder；
C) melt-processed：According to the shape and size of product, 3D and CAD design, file is imported；Electron beam heating temperature range is
550 DEG C~950 DEG C, less than neodymium iron boron 2:14:1 principal phase fusing point, gradually melts auxiliary alloy powder, the auxiliary alloy of liquid in melting process
Play bonding effect；Normal temperature is naturally cooled to after process finishing, workbench, which declines, waits feeding system feed；
D) b, step c are repeated, powder is successively accumulated, and obtains product.
3. the method for magnetic field orientating 3D printing anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that
Low melting point rare earth-copper or the auxiliary alloy of aluminium in step a), rare earth are La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Tb, Dy, Ho, one kind in Gd, Y or
More than；Chosen in Cu, Al one or two kinds of；Auxiliary alloy addition level is the 1%-15% of total quality fraction.
4. the method for magnetic field orientating 3D printing anisotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic body as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that mixing
Powder afterwards inserts powder cabin, and powder is placed on workbench in the form of sprawling, and the powder in machine table is sprawled into by the way that powder scraping is dynamic
Type, 20~100 μm of powder thickness in monolayer.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN109676125B (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2020-03-31 | 北京科技大学 | Method for preparing sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet through 3D printing |
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| CN107195412B (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2019-04-26 | 北京科技大学 | The preparation and application method of a kind of 3D printing with neodymium iron boron powder slurry |
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