CN114032537A - Method for enhancing bonding strength of cold spraying coating and base material - Google Patents
Method for enhancing bonding strength of cold spraying coating and base material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114032537A CN114032537A CN202111337359.4A CN202111337359A CN114032537A CN 114032537 A CN114032537 A CN 114032537A CN 202111337359 A CN202111337359 A CN 202111337359A CN 114032537 A CN114032537 A CN 114032537A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F17/00—Multi-step processes for surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C23 and at least one process covered by subclass C21D or C22F or class C25
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for enhancing the bonding strength of a cold spraying coating and a base material, which relates to the technical field of material engineering and comprises the following steps: scanning the surface of the base material by using a point heat source so as to reduce the hardness of the surface of the base material until no precipitated phase exists, and/or aging the cold spraying powder until a second phase is precipitated from the cold spraying powder so as to improve the hardness of the cold spraying powder; and finally, carrying out cold spraying on the surface of the base material without precipitated phase by using common cold spraying powder, or carrying out cold spraying on the surface of the base material by using the cold spraying powder with the second phase, or carrying out cold spraying on the surface of the base material without precipitated phase by using the cold spraying powder with the second phase. Therefore, three schemes for enhancing the bonding strength of the cold spraying coating and the base material are realized, and the purposes of improving the embedding depth when the powder particles impact the surface of the base material and improving the consistency of the plastic strain of the powder particles and the interface of the base material can be achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material engineering, in particular to a method for enhancing the bonding strength of a cold spraying coating and a base material.
Background
Cold spray is a material deposition technique that forms an effective bond with a substrate by severe plastic deformation from high velocity impact under fully solid conditions by the high velocity impact of micron-sized metal or metal-based powder particles against the substrate surface. The method is different from the characteristics that deposition materials such as laser, flame, plasma, electric arc and the like are melted and solidified to realize material deposition, and the characteristics of cold spraying solid low-temperature material deposition enable the method to avoid oxidation of metal deposition materials under atmospheric conditions and avoid heat influence on base materials.
The characteristic of high-speed collision of the solid particles is that residual compressive stress is formed in the sediment body, so that the increase of the thickness of the sediment body does not cause obvious reduction of the bonding strength, and the thickness of the sediment body is not limited, so that the solid particles not only can be used for preparing a protective coating, but also can be used for repairing, reproducing and additive manufacturing of a damaged component.
In the application scene of coating and repairing remanufacturing, besides the self performance of the deposition body, the bonding strength of the deposition body and the base material has a determining function on the integrity of the deposition body, and when the bonding strength does not meet the service requirement, the deposition body is easy to peel off, so that the target protection performance and the repairing function are lost. Therefore, the method for improving the bonding strength of the sediment body has important engineering application value.
In the cold spraying process, the powder particles are combined with the base material through plastic deformation induced by high-speed impact, and under the normal condition, the more consistent the plastic deformation degree of the powder particles and the base material, the larger the interface plastic deformation amount, the higher the combination strength. Therefore, it is common in the art to increase the bonding strength of the deposit by increasing the impact velocity of the particles and increasing the degree of plastic deformation of the interface. However, the impact velocity of the particles can be significantly increased only by using expensive helium as the accelerating gas, and the method has no economic popularization under most engineering backgrounds. On the other hand, in the cold spraying process, the higher the temperature of the metal material is, the softer the material is, the more easily plastic deformation occurs, but since the powder particles are heated to some extent by the gas, and the base material is usually in a cold state, when the particles hit the base material at high speed, the plastic strain of the particles tends to be larger than that of the base material, the interface plastic deformation is not uniform, and the bonding strength is difficult to be greatly improved. In contrast, a method for softening a base material by heating the base material in real time in a spraying process by using laser to improve the bonding strength is adopted at present, but the laser is very sensitive to the working distance, so that the method is not applicable to workpieces with complex shapes, and has the problems of narrow process parameter range, lower working efficiency, high integrated equipment cost and the like, which restrict the wide industrial application of the method.
Disclosure of Invention
Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for enhancing the bonding strength between a cold spray coating and a substrate, so as to overcome the above technical problems.
In order to solve the above problems, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for enhancing the bonding strength of a cold spray coating and a substrate, the method comprising:
scanning the surface of a base material by using a point heat source so as to reduce the hardness of the surface of the base material until no precipitated phase exists, and then performing cold spraying on the surface of the base material without the precipitated phase by using cold spraying powder, wherein the base material is a metal material with a second phase strengthening effect and no hardening characteristic; or
Carrying out aging treatment on cold spraying powder until a second phase is precipitated from the cold spraying powder so as to improve the hardness of the cold spraying powder, and then carrying out cold spraying on the surface of a base material by utilizing the cold spraying powder with the second phase, wherein the cold spraying powder is a metal material with a second phase strengthening effect and no hardening characteristic; or
The method comprises the steps of scanning the surface of a base material by using a point heat source to reduce the hardness of the surface of the base material until no precipitated phase exists, aging cold spraying powder until a second phase is precipitated from the cold spraying powder to improve the hardness of the cold spraying powder, and performing cold spraying on the surface of the base material without the precipitated phase by using the cold spraying powder with the second phase, wherein the base material and the cold spraying powder are both metal materials with second phase strengthening effect and no hardening characteristic.
Further, the metal material having the second phase strengthening effect and no hardenability is a 2-, 6-or 7-series aluminum alloy, or a CuCrZr copper alloy, or an Inconel-series nickel-based alloy.
Further, before cold spraying, the surface of the base material is treated by a laser cleaning method.
Further, in the case of performing a scanning process on the surface of the substrate using a point heat source, the method further comprises: according to the material of the base material, under a closed environment, inert argon or nitrogen is introduced for protection while scanning treatment is carried out on the surface of the base material by adopting a point heat source.
Further, in the case of performing the scanning process on the surface of the base material using a point heat source, the point heat source is any one of a laser, a flame, a plasma, and a high-temperature gas.
Further, in the case of scanning the surface of the substrate with a point heat source, the thickness of the softened layer on the surface of the substrate is 50 to 500 m.
Further, in the case of aging the cold spray powder, the temperature of aging the cold spray powder is the same as the temperature of heat treatment of the metallurgical bulk material of the same composition, and the time period of aging the cold spray powder is 1/4-1/2 of the time period of heat treatment of the metallurgical bulk material of the same composition.
Further, in the case of aging the cold spray powder, the method further comprises: determining protective gas used for aging treatment of the cold spraying powder according to the material of the cold spraying powder, wherein the protective gas is inert argon or nitrogen; and under a closed environment, introducing the protective gas for protection while carrying out aging treatment on the cold spraying powder.
Further, in the case of aging the cold spray powder, the method further comprises:
and blowing inert protective gas through a fluidized bed to float while aging the cold spraying powder, or adding powder of the protective gas into the cold spraying powder.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
the method adopts a point heat source to scan the surface of the base material so as to reduce the hardness of the surface of the base material until no phase is precipitated, and/or carries out aging treatment on the cold spraying powder until a second phase is precipitated from the cold spraying powder so as to improve the hardness of the cold spraying powder; and finally, carrying out cold spraying on the surface of the base material without precipitated phase by using common cold spraying powder, or carrying out cold spraying on the surface of the base material by using the cold spraying powder with the second phase, or carrying out cold spraying on the surface of the base material without precipitated phase by using the cold spraying powder with the second phase. Thus, three schemes for enhancing the bonding strength of the cold spraying coating and the base material are realized, the purposes of improving the embedding depth when the powder particles impact the surface of the base material and improving the consistency of the plastic strain of the powder particles and the interface of the base material can be achieved, and the remarkable improvement of the bonding strength of the cold spraying deposition body is finally realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention also has the following beneficial effects and advantages:
1) the bonding strength is improved through material pretreatment, and the gas cost is not increased;
2) the method has the advantages of no increase of parameters such as gas temperature and pressure, lower requirements on technological parameter indexes of cold spraying equipment, wide combination shape adaptability of components and the like, and can be used for combination reinforcement of protective coatings and repair remanufacturing layers.
3) The softening of the base material and the hardening of the powder are carried out separately, the process is simple, and the applicability of the component is wider.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of a method of enhancing the bond strength of a cold spray coating to a substrate according to a first aspect of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of steps in a method of enhancing the bond strength of a cold spray coating to a substrate according to a second aspect of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of steps in a method of enhancing the bond strength of a cold spray coating to a substrate according to a third aspect of the present application;
FIG. 4a is a cross-sectional microstructure of a 6061Al alloy powder in a as-purchased state of example 1;
FIG. 4b is a microstructure of a cross section of the 6061Al alloy powder after aging heat treatment in example 1;
FIG. 5a is a cross-sectional microstructure of the powder coating of example 1 after an aging heat treatment deposited on the surface of a magnesium alloy substrate;
FIG. 5b is a graph comparing the strength test results for the as-purchased powder coating of example 1 with the powder coating after aging heat treatment;
FIG. 6a is a cross-sectional microstructure of the aged heat treated powder coating deposited on the surface of the softened 7075 hard aluminum alloy of example 2;
FIG. 6b is a graph comparing the strength test results for the as-purchased powder coating of example 2 (conventional cold spray 7075 coating) with the powder coating after aging heat treatment (7075 coating of the present invention);
FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the powder after aging heat treatment of example 3.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Aiming at the technical problem, the application provides a method for enhancing the bonding strength of a cold spraying coating and a base material, and the invention conception of the application is as follows: before cold spraying, the surface of the base material is only softened, or the hardness of the powder particles to be implanted into the surface of the base material is only improved, or the surface of the base material is softened and the hardness of the powder particles to be implanted into the surface of the base material is improved simultaneously, so that the aims of improving the embedding depth when the powder particles impact the surface of the base material and improving the consistency of the plastic strain of the powder particles and the interface of the base material are fulfilled, and finally the bonding strength of a cold spraying deposition body is remarkably improved.
Referring to fig. 1, a flow chart of the steps of a method of enhancing the bond strength of a cold spray coating to a substrate of the first aspect of the present application is shown. As shown in fig. 1, the method may include the steps of:
step S101: scanning the surface of the base material by adopting a point heat source so as to reduce the surface hardness of the base material until no precipitated phase exists;
step S102: and performing cold spraying on the surface of the base material without precipitated phase by using cold spraying powder, wherein the base material is a metal material with a second phase strengthening effect and no hardening characteristic.
The method for enhancing the bonding strength of the cold spray coating and the base material in the first aspect of the application is the idea of only softening the surface of the base material before cold spray coating so as to achieve the purposes of improving the embedding depth of the powder particles when the powder particles impact the surface of the base material and improving the consistency of the plastic strain of the powder particles and the interface of the base material. In step S101, the present application adopts a point heat source to perform a scanning process on the surface of the substrate, and the hardness of the surface of the substrate is reduced until no precipitated phase is formed by melting and rapid solidification or solid high temperature. When no precipitated phase exists on the surface of the base material, the surface of the base material is soft and is easy to generate plastic deformation, and the temperature of the basic surface is reduced, so that the cold spraying powder in a purchase state (untreated state after powder purchase) is used as a raw material, and cold spraying is carried out on the surface of the base material without the precipitated phase through cold spraying equipment, so that the aim of easily impacting powder particles into the base material can be realized, and a coating with a target thickness is prepared on the surface of the base material.
In various embodiments of the present application, having a second phase strengthening effect means that the second phase exists in addition to the matrix phase as compared to a single phase alloy. The second phase has two kinds, deformable particles and non-deformable particles, and when the second phase is uniformly distributed in the matrix phase as fine dispersed particles, a significant strengthening effect is produced, which is called a second phase strengthening effect. The non-hardenability characteristic means that the material does not have the problems of deformation, cracking and the like after being heated and then cooled.
Referring to fig. 2, a flow chart of steps of a method of enhancing the bond strength of a cold spray coating to a substrate of the second aspect of the present application is shown. As shown in fig. 2, the method may include the steps of:
step S201: aging the cold spraying powder until the cold spraying powder precipitates a second phase to improve the hardness of the cold spraying powder;
step S202: and carrying out cold spraying on the surface of the base material by using the cold spraying powder with the second phase, wherein the cold spraying powder is a metal material with a second phase strengthening effect and no hardening characteristic.
The method for enhancing the bonding strength of the cold spray coating and the base material in the second aspect of the application is an idea that before cold spray coating, only the hardness of the powder particles to be implanted into the surface of the base material is improved so as to achieve the purposes of improving the embedding depth when the powder particles impact the surface of the base material and improving the consistency of the plastic strain of the powder particles and the interface of the base material. The aging treatment refers to a heat treatment process in which a metal or alloy workpiece (such as low-carbon steel and the like) is subjected to solution treatment, quenched at high temperature or deformed by cold working to a certain extent, and then placed at a higher temperature or room temperature to keep the shape and size of the workpiece, and the performance of the workpiece changes with time. Generally speaking, the hardness and strength increase with time. In step S201, the cold spray powder is subjected to an aging treatment, so that a second phase is precipitated from the cold spray powder by the aging treatment, thereby increasing the hardness of the cold spray powder. Then, the cold spraying powder (namely the cold spraying powder with the second phase) after aging treatment is used as a raw material, and cold spraying is carried out on the surface of the base material through cold spraying equipment, so that the aim that powder particles easily collide into the base material can be achieved, and a coating with a target thickness is prepared on the surface of the base material.
Referring to fig. 3, a flow chart of steps of a method of enhancing the bond strength of a cold spray coating to a substrate of the third aspect of the present application is shown. As shown in fig. 3, the method may include the steps of:
step S301: scanning the surface of the base material by adopting a point heat source so as to reduce the surface hardness of the base material until no precipitated phase exists;
step S302: aging the cold spraying powder until the cold spraying powder precipitates a second phase to improve the hardness of the cold spraying powder;
step S303: and performing cold spraying on the surface of the base material without precipitated phase by using the cold spraying powder with the second phase, wherein the base material and the cold spraying powder are both metal materials with second phase strengthening effect and no hardening characteristic.
The method for enhancing the bonding strength of the cold spray coating and the base material in the third aspect of the application is an idea of softening the surface of the base material and improving the hardness of the powder particles to be implanted into the surface of the base material before cold spray coating so as to achieve the purposes of improving the embedding depth of the powder particles when the powder particles impact the surface of the base material and improving the consistency of the plastic strain of the interface between the powder particles and the base material. In step S301, the present application adopts a point heat source to scan the surface of the substrate, and the hardness of the surface of the substrate is reduced until no precipitated phase is formed by melting, rapid solidification or solid high temperature. When the surface of the base material has no precipitated phase, the surface of the base material is soft and is easy to be plastically deformed, and the temperature of the base surface is reduced. In step S302, the cold spray powder is subjected to an aging treatment, so that a second phase is precipitated from the cold spray powder by the aging treatment, thereby increasing the hardness of the cold spray powder. In this case, the present application can improve the depth of insertion of the powder particles when they strike the surface of the base material, improve the consistency of the plastic strain at the interface between the powder particles and the base material, and improve the bonding strength of the cold spray coating by 50% or more by using the cold spray powder subjected to the aging treatment (i.e., the cold spray powder having the second phase) as a raw material and cold spraying the surface of the base material having no precipitated phase by a cold spray equipment.
Further, regardless of the method for enhancing the bonding strength of the cold spray coating to the base material according to the first, second or third aspect, the mentioned metal material having the second phase strengthening effect and no hardenability property may be specifically a 2-, 6-or 7-series aluminum alloy, or a copper alloy such as CuCrZr, or an Inconel-series nickel-based alloy. In the actual cold spraying process, the cold spraying powder and the material of the surface of the base material implanted with the cold spraying powder can be the same or different, and the consistency of the plastic strain of the powder particles and the base material interface is preferably realized.
Further, the surface of the substrate can be treated by a laser cleaning method before cold spraying, so as to remove an oxide film possibly generated on the surface of the substrate. In particular, since the surface of the base material is more easily oxidized by heat, when the method for enhancing the bonding strength of the cold spray coating to the base material as shown in the above first or third aspect is used, the surface of the base material should be treated by a laser cleaning method after the scanning treatment of the surface of the base material by the point heat source.
Further, considering that the surface of the base material is more easily oxidized after being heated, when the method for enhancing the bonding strength between the cold spray coating and the base material shown in the first aspect or the third aspect is adopted, that is, under the condition that the surface of the base material is scanned by using a point heat source, according to the material of the base material, inert argon or nitrogen is introduced for protection while the surface of the base material is scanned by using the point heat source in a closed environment, so as to reduce the oxidation degree of the surface of the base material in the point heat source treatment process. When the base material does not react with nitrogen, the nitrogen with lower cost is preferably introduced while scanning the surface of the base material by using a point heat source.
Further, in the case of performing the scanning process on the surface of the substrate using the point heat source, the point heat source used in the present application may be any one of a laser, a flame, a plasma, and a high temperature gas.
Further, in the case of performing a scanning process on the surface of the base material using a point heat source, that is, in the case where the hardness of the surface of the base material is reduced until no precipitated phase is formed, the present application can control the thickness of the layer softened on the surface of the base material to be 50 to 500 m.
Further, when the method for enhancing the bonding strength of the cold spray coating to the base material according to the second or third aspect is used, that is, in the case of aging the cold spray powder, the temperature at which the cold spray powder is aged is the same as the temperature at which the metallurgical bulk material of the same composition is heat-treated, and the time period at which the cold spray powder is aged is 1/4 to 1/2 times the time period at which the metallurgical bulk material of the same composition is heat-treated. In practice, the metallurgical bulk material is heat treated in compliance with "metallurgical bulk material heat treatment specification" in which the heat treatment temperature of the metallurgical bulk material has a certain range standard and the heat treatment temperature of the metallurgical bulk material of different materials is different, and the temperature of the aluminum alloy of the metallurgical bulk material is 140-. Because the powder is smaller than the size of the metallurgical block, the method can achieve a better aging treatment effect by shortening the time of the aging treatment under the condition that the temperature for aging treatment of the set cold spraying powder is the same as the temperature for heat treatment of the metallurgical block material with the same components.
Further, in the case of aging the cold spray powder, the method further comprises: determining protective gas used for aging treatment of the cold spraying powder according to the material of the cold spraying powder, wherein the protective gas is inert argon or nitrogen; and under a closed environment, introducing the protective gas for protection while carrying out aging treatment on the cold spraying powder so as to prevent the cold spraying powder from being oxidized in the aging treatment process.
Further, in the case of aging the cold spray powder, the method further comprises: when the cold spraying powder is aged, inert protective gas is blown to float through a fluidized bed, or powder of the protective gas is added into the cold spraying powder, so that sintering adhesion of the powder can be effectively prevented.
The method for enhancing the bonding strength between the cold spray coating and the substrate according to the first aspect, the second aspect, and the third aspect of the present invention will be described below with reference to several specific examples.
Example 1
6061Al alloy powder with the particle size distribution of 10-70m is used as a coating material (namely cold spraying powder of the application), AZ31B magnesium alloy is used as a base material, and an aluminum alloy coating is prepared on the surface of AZ31B magnesium alloy through cold spraying so as to improve the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy. Specifically, 6061Al alloy powder was first aged at 170 ℃ in an argon atmosphere by a rotary electric furnace under argon blowing conditions for 4 hours, and the aged powder was taken out of the furnace when the temperature was lowered to 50 ℃ or lower, and vacuum-packed for use. As shown in fig. 4a and 4b, after aging heat treatment, a nano-scale precipitated phase appears in the 6061Al alloy powder, the epoxy glue is used for inlaying the powder to prepare a metallographic section sample, a hardness test is performed on the powder before and after treatment by using a micro vickers hardness tester under the conditions of a load of 50g and a load retention time of 10s, and the hardness test result is that the hardness of the 6061Al alloy powder after aging treatment is improved from 65HV to 97 HV.
Before the coating is prepared, the surface of the base material is cleaned and roughened by adopting a sand blasting process, and the surface roughness after treatment is Ra 4.5-6.5 m. The coating was prepared using a high pressure cold spray system using 6061Al alloy powder in a purchased state (untreated state after powder purchase) and after aging treatment, respectively. The cold spraying parameters are as follows: nitrogen is used as process gas, the gas pressure is 4.0MPa, the gas temperature is 500 ℃, the spraying distance is 30mm, the powder feeding speed is 40g/min, the moving speed of a spray gun is 300mm/s, and the thickness of the coating is 0.4 mm.
The cross-sectional structure of the coating prepared from the 6061Al alloy powder subjected to aging heat treatment in the embodiment is shown in fig. 5a, and the coating has dense structure, good interface bonding and no defects such as pores and cracks. The bond strength of the as-purchased powder coating and the aged heat treated powder coating was tested according to ASTM C633 and the comparison is shown in fig. 5 b. The average bonding strength of the coating prepared from the purchased powder is 37.5MPa, the bonding strength of the 6061Al alloy prepared from the powder subjected to aging heat treatment in the embodiment reaches more than 57.2MPa, and the improvement range of the bonding strength of the coating reaches more than 52%.
This example illustrates the method of enhancing the bond strength of a cold spray coating to a substrate as shown in the second aspect of the present application.
Example 2
7075 hard aluminum alloy powder with the particle size distribution of 15-60m is used as a raw material of cold spraying powder, 7075 hard aluminum alloy is used as a base material, and the repair of cold spraying in the field of nickel-based high-temperature alloy is simulated. Specifically, the surface of the base material was subjected to solution treatment 3 times with high-temperature nitrogen gas, and the surface temperature at the time of treatment was 510 ℃. The hardness of the substrate surface before and after treatment was measured by a micro Vickers hardness tester under the conditions of a load of 50g and a retention time of 10s, and the hardness test result shows that the hardness of the substrate surface after treatment is reduced from 185HV to 127HV, and as shown in FIG. 6a, the thickness of the softening layer is about 150-250 m.
Before the coating is prepared, an oxide film on the surface of the base material is cleaned by laser cleaning, fine sand (60 meshes) is used for sand blasting, and the surface roughness after treatment is Ra 3.1-3.7 m. The 7075 hard aluminum alloy powder in a purchased state and subjected to aging treatment are respectively used for preparing the coating by adopting a high-pressure cold spraying system. The cold spraying parameters are as follows: nitrogen is used as process gas, the gas pressure is 4.5MPa, the gas temperature is 500 ℃, the spraying distance is 25mm, the powder feeding speed is 45g/min, the moving speed of a spray gun is 200mm/s, and the thickness of the coating is 2.4 mm.
According to the ASTM C633 standard, the bonding strength of the two coatings was tested, as shown in fig. 6b, the average bonding strength of the conventional cold spray coating was 35.3MPa, the bonding strength of the coating prepared from the aged 7075 hard aluminum alloy powder and the surface of the 7075 hard aluminum alloy substrate in this example reached more than 74.5MPa (cracking occurred in the glue layer), and the bonding strength of the coating increased by more than 126%.
This example illustrates the method of enhancing the bond strength of a cold spray coating to a substrate as shown in the first aspect of the present application.
Example 3
The method is characterized in that the Inconel718 nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder with the particle size distribution of 10-50m is used as a raw material of cold spraying powder, the Inconel718 nickel-based high-temperature alloy is used as a base material, and the repair of cold spraying in the field of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is simulated. Specifically, firstly, under the argon protective atmosphere, the Inconel718 alloy and the alumina powder are mixed, the powder is subjected to aging treatment at 720 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1.5h, and when the temperature is reduced to below 50 ℃, the powder is taken out of the furnace and is packaged in vacuum for standby. As shown in FIG. 7, a large amount of precipitated phases appeared in the powder after heat treatment, the powder was inlaid with epoxy glue to prepare a metallographic cross section sample, and hardness tests were performed on the powder before and after treatment by using a micro Vickers hardness tester under the conditions of a load of 50g and a retention time of 10s, and the hardness of the powder after treatment was increased from 345HV to 445 HV.
Carrying out solid solution treatment on the surface of the high-temperature alloy base material by adopting laser, wherein the laser parameters are as follows: the power is 1.5kW, the beam spot diameter is 2.0mm, the scanning speed is 20mm/s, the inter-lane lapping interval is 1mm, the treatment times are 3 times, and the surface temperature during treatment is 970-1020 ℃. The hardness of the base material surface before treatment and after aging treatment is tested by a micro Vickers hardness tester under the conditions of 50g of load and 10s of holding time, the hardness of the base material surface after treatment is reduced from 420HV to 310HV, and the thickness of the softening layer is 200-270 m.
Before the coating is prepared, an oxide film on the surface of the base material is cleaned by laser cleaning, fine sand (60 meshes) is used for sand blasting, and the surface roughness after treatment is Ra 2.3-3.4 m. The coatings were prepared using commercially available and aged Inconel718 alloy powders, respectively, using a high pressure cold spray system. The cold spraying parameters are as follows: nitrogen is used as process gas, the gas pressure is 5.0MPa, the gas temperature is 850 ℃, the spraying distance is 30mm, the powder feeding speed is 70g/min, the moving speed of a spray gun is 300mm/s, and the thickness of the coating is 1.8 mm.
The bonding strength of the two coatings is tested according to the shear strength test standard of the composite plate, the average bonding strength of the conventional cold spray coating is 43.2MPa, the bonding strength between the coating of the aged Inconel718 nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder on the surface of the Inconel nickel-based high-temperature alloy base material and the base material is up to 241.2MPa, and the bonding strength of the coating is improved by more than 4 times.
This example illustrates the method of enhancing the bond strength of a cold spray coating to a substrate as shown in the third aspect of the present application.
It should be noted that, in the present specification, the embodiments are all described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other.
It should also be noted that, in this document, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Moreover, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions or should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. "and/or" means that either or both of them can be selected. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal equipment comprising the element.
The technical solutions provided by the present application are described in detail above, and the principles and embodiments of the present application are described herein by using specific examples, which are only used to help understanding the present application, and the content of the present description should not be construed as limiting the present application. While various modifications of the illustrative embodiments and applications will be apparent to those skilled in the art based upon this disclosure, it is not necessary or necessary to exhaustively enumerate all embodiments, and all obvious variations and modifications can be resorted to, falling within the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (9)
1. A method of enhancing the bond strength of a cold spray coating to a substrate, comprising:
scanning the surface of a base material by using a point heat source so as to reduce the hardness of the surface of the base material until no precipitated phase exists, and then performing cold spraying on the surface of the base material without the precipitated phase by using cold spraying powder, wherein the base material is a metal material with a second phase strengthening effect and no hardening characteristic; or
Carrying out aging treatment on cold spraying powder until a second phase is precipitated from the cold spraying powder so as to improve the hardness of the cold spraying powder, and then carrying out cold spraying on the surface of a base material by utilizing the cold spraying powder with the second phase, wherein the cold spraying powder is a metal material with a second phase strengthening effect and no hardening characteristic; or
The method comprises the steps of scanning the surface of a base material by using a point heat source to reduce the hardness of the surface of the base material until no precipitated phase exists, aging cold spraying powder until a second phase is precipitated from the cold spraying powder to improve the hardness of the cold spraying powder, and performing cold spraying on the surface of the base material without the precipitated phase by using the cold spraying powder with the second phase, wherein the base material and the cold spraying powder are both metal materials with second phase strengthening effect and no hardening characteristic.
2. The method of enhancing the bonding strength of a cold spray coating to a substrate according to claim 1, wherein the metallic material having the second phase strengthening effect and no hardenability property is a 2-series, 6-series or 7-series aluminum alloy, or a CuCrZr copper alloy, or an Inconel series nickel-based alloy.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface of the substrate is treated with a laser cleaning process prior to cold spraying.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises, in the case of scanning the surface of the substrate with a point heat source: according to the material of the base material, under a closed environment, inert argon or nitrogen is introduced for protection while scanning treatment is carried out on the surface of the base material by adopting a point heat source.
5. The method for enhancing the bonding strength of the cold spray coating layer to the substrate according to claim 1 or 4, wherein in the case of scanning the surface of the substrate by using a point heat source, the point heat source is any one of laser, flame, plasma and high temperature gas.
6. The method for enhancing the bonding strength of a cold spray coating to a substrate according to claim 1, wherein the softened layer on the surface of the substrate has a thickness of 50-500m in the case of scanning the surface of the substrate with a point heat source.
7. The method of enhancing the bond strength of a cold spray coating to a substrate of claim 1, wherein the cold spray powder is aged at the same temperature as the same metallurgical bulk material as the cold spray powder is heat treated, and wherein the cold spray powder is aged 1/4-1/2 times as long as the same metallurgical bulk material as the cold spray powder is heat treated.
8. The method of enhancing the bonding strength of a cold spray coating to a substrate according to claim 1 or 7, wherein in the case of aging the cold spray powder, the method further comprises:
determining protective gas used for aging treatment of the cold spraying powder according to the material of the cold spraying powder, wherein the protective gas is inert argon or nitrogen;
and under a closed environment, introducing the protective gas for protection while carrying out aging treatment on the cold spraying powder.
9. The method of enhancing the bonding strength of a cold spray coating to a substrate according to claim 1 or 7, wherein in the case of aging the cold spray powder, the method further comprises:
and blowing inert protective gas through a fluidized bed to float while aging the cold spraying powder, or adding powder of the protective gas into the cold spraying powder.
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| CN117305829A (en) * | 2023-11-10 | 2023-12-29 | 西安工程大学 | Preparation method of nano ceramic particle reinforced high-entropy alloy-based composite powder suitable for cold spraying |
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