CN114027055A - Management method for thinning and shaping grape fruits - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of fruit tree cultivation, and relates to a management method for thinning and shaping grapes, which comprises the following steps: adjusting the length of the fruit shaft; picking and selecting early fruit clusters; performing fruit swelling treatment; shaping treatment of secondary fruit thinning; and (5) carrying out setting treatment on the thinning fruits for three times. The management method for thinning and shaping the grapes can be used for producing the grapes with regular clusters and large fruit grains. By controlling the length of the fruit cluster, the number of the fruit grains and the using amount of the plant growth regulator, the problems of different sizes of the fruit grains and unattractive fruit shapes caused by overloading the grape fruits are avoided, and the quality of the grape fruit grains is greatly improved. The method standardizes and optimizes the grape thinning process in the grape planting industry, obviously saves the workload of grape thinning, improves the income of farmers, and promotes the benign competition of related industries by the method, thereby promoting the product quality and the service quality of the grape planting and processing industry.

Description

Management method for thinning and shaping grape fruits

Technical Field

The invention relates to a fruit tree cultivation management method, in particular to a management method for grape thinning and shaping.

Background

The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

With the annual increase of the production area and the total output of grapes, the per-capita consumption level is increasingly higher, the requirements of consumers on the quality of grapes are higher and higher, the quality of grape fruits is improved at the grape planting end in order to improve the market competitiveness of grape fruits, and the improvement of the market competitiveness of products is particularly important for grape fruit growers. Fruit thinning is a method for artificially removing excessive young fruits in the early stage of grape planting, shaping is a method for cultivating grapes in an artificial mode to enable the fruit cluster quality to be higher, and both means are very important steps in the grape planting and management process. However, due to the lack of labor force, the fruit grower is not trained professionally or has insufficient experience and the like, the working errors in the fruit thinning and shaping processes of the grapes are often caused, and finally the problems of low fruit yield, poor quality, serious plant diseases and insect pests and the like are caused.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art and provide a management method for grape fruit thinning and shaping, so that the grape fruit thinning and shaping are facilitated, and the quality and the production efficiency of the grape fruit are improved.

In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a management method for grape thinning and shaping, comprising:

performing spike fixing treatment on the fruit stalks 7 days after the grapes are full of grapes;

picking the grains of 3-4 branches at the uppermost part of the cluster 5-7 days after the fruit preservation treatment;

performing fruit swelling treatment 15 days after fruit preservation and nursing;

shaping treatment of secondary fruit thinning;

and (5) carrying out setting treatment on the thinning fruits for three times.

The invention provides an efficient and practical management method for fruit thinning and shaping of grapes, which effectively improves the product quality and reduces the working strength.

In a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a grape grown by the above method.

In a third aspect of the invention, the application of the method in fruit tree cultivation management is provided.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) by controlling the length of the fruit cluster, the number of the fruit grains and the using amount of the plant growth regulator, the problems of different sizes of the fruit grains and unattractive fruit shapes caused by overloading of the grapes are solved, and the quality of the grape grains is greatly improved. The method standardizes and optimizes the grape thinning process in the grape planting industry, obviously saves the workload of grape thinning, improves the income of farmers, and promotes the benign competition of related industries by the method, thereby promoting the product quality and the service quality of the grape planting and processing industry.

(2) The operation method is simple, low in cost, universal and easy for large-scale production.

Detailed Description

It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

A management method for grape fruit thinning and shaping is characterized by comprising the following steps: adjusting the length of the fruit shaft; picking and selecting early fruit clusters; performing fruit swelling treatment; shaping treatment of secondary fruit thinning; and (5) carrying out setting treatment on the thinning fruits for three times.

Selecting and processing fruit axis after grape is full of 7 days, i.e. thinning fruit and picking, cutting off shoulder part, retaining ear part, and setting axis length to 6.5-7 cm.

And 5-7 days after the fruit preservation treatment, three to four supports are arranged at the uppermost part of the cluster, and five fruits are retained in each support and then cut off. The branch stems are 13-15 sections, the upper section of the fruit bunch is 4-5 pieces of 1 stem, the middle section is 2-3 pieces, and the lower section is about 1 section. Can properly reserve 60 fruits, and finally the grain number of each fruit cluster is about 45-50. The small fruit stalks are thick and the fruit grains are kept in the center, the trunk part and the tip part are picked roughly, and the grains flying out of the shoulder part are removed. The grapes have a gap at the upper part (shoulder) of the bunch of fruits, and the bunch knots are easily degraded, so that a little more fruit grains are left on the uppermost branch stalks. Under the condition of vigorous expansion and excessive fruit setting, proper particles are reduced by picking processing.

After 15 days after the fruit retention nursing, the fruit swelling treatment was started. The fruit cluster is soaked by mixing 25PPM gibberellic acid, 2PPM forchlorfenuron, 5000 times of Baumelin and 1000 times of 33.5 percent of oxine-copper, and the length of the fruit cluster is kept between 10 and 13 cm.

After the swelled fruits are treated, the grapes are subjected to moisturizing cultivation, and the green plant bugs, the anthracnose and the like are prevented and treated through medicines.

Carrying out the last fruit thinning treatment on the fruit grains before bagging to remove the dead fruits and the protruded fruit grains, finally determining the standard spike type, taking the target number of clusters as the final aim, and carrying out cluster picking and cluster picking operation on the clusters with bad cluster shapes and poor (weak) new tips and clusters with bad cluster shapes for the clusters with large cluster sizes, clusters with little fruit grains and clusters with scab grains and clusters with large spike bending. It is recommended to finish fruit thinning and ear fixing as soon as possible after fruit swelling treatment, and guarantee the completion of bagging pretreatment.

The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative of the invention and not limiting.

Example 1:

and (3) thinning and picking the grape fruits for the first time after the grape fruits are preserved and treated for 5-7 days, wherein the ears of the experimental plants treated by gibberellin are enlarged, the fruit axis elongation is 9-11cm, and the size of the ears can be determined by adjusting the length of the fruit axis. Three to four branch stalks on the uppermost part of the fruit cluster are cut off after five fruits are left on each branch stalk. The number of the branch stalks is 13-15, the upper section of the fruit bunch is 4-5, the middle section is 2-3, and the lower section is about 1. Can be preserved to 55-60 fruits. The small fruit stalks are thick and the fruit grains are kept in the center, the trunk part and the tip part are picked roughly, and the grains flying out of the shoulder part are removed. The sun rose has a gap at the upper part (shoulder part) of the fruit cluster, so that the cluster structure is easy to be deteriorated, and therefore, a little more fruit grains are left on the branch stalk at the uppermost part. Under the condition of vigorous swelling and excessive fruit setting, proper particles are reduced through picking processing, and the axial length is finally adjusted to 6.5-7 cm.

The fruit swelling treatment can be carried out 10-15 days after the fruit preservation of the plants. (if the fruit is protected from rainy weather, then the treatment method is delayed for one day if appropriate): according to the condition that whether the tree vigor is strong or not, 2PPM or 5PPM forchlorfenuron (5 PPM for strong tree vigor and 2PPM for weak tree vigor) is used in fruit swelling treatment, the fruit swelling effect is basically the same, but the fruit is taken by using low-concentration chlorine or the fruit is not used, and the fragrance is stronger. If 40 jin of liquid medicine (basically meeting the land dosage of one mu) is prepared, 2.5 g of 20% gibberellic acid, 40 ml of 0.1% chlorine are added in batch, 4 ml of Baumeiling and 15-20 g of 33.5% copper-tourmaline are added. It should be noted that the swelling liquid medicine can cause chemical injury (burn pericarp) when not dried well, so the operation is carried out in the morning and evening in sunny days, and the excessive liquid medicine is shaken off after the liquid medicine treatment.

After the swelling treatment, the fruit grains reach the size of peanuts, and the shaping treatment is started. After the picking treatment, the axial length of the fruit cluster is finally 10-11cm, and the number of grains in each cluster is about 45-50 grains.

And after fruit swelling, moisturizing cultivation is continuously adopted, and the field humidity is ensured to avoid the risk of fruit staleness. After the fruit swelling treatment, the big water is used immediately, and the watering is carried out after the fertilizer is added. 5 kilograms of 20-20-20 water soluble fertilizer is used per mu, and 1kg of monopotassium phosphate and 100ml of 'laugh' are used for drip irrigation. At this time, the leaf surface needs to be supplemented with calcium and added with 'antitranspirant' to promote the absorption of calcium.

Plant protection management: the composition can be used for preventing and treating malayan meland black pox, and downy mildew in southern area. If the periphery of the garden is not provided with a river harbor branch and a larger pond, the prevention and treatment requirements on the green blindness can be relaxed after wheat harvest.

The preparation can be selected from thiamethoxam matched with lambda-cyhalothrin, and benzene-cyconazole matched with azoxystrobin or imidazole kresoxim-methyl. The enoyl morpholine ingredient can be used for controlling downy mildew. In areas with high enoyl morpholine resistance, the cream cyanogen can be added.

After the fruit swelling treatment, foliar fertilizer components and calcium are added to strengthen nutrients. Concentration suggestion: 2000 times dilution of 25% thiamethoxam, 2000 times dilution of 5% efficient cyhalothrin, 2500 times dilution of 10% difenoconazole, 1500 times dilution of 250g/L polyester or pyraclostrobin, 2500 times dilution of 80% enoyl morpholine, 2000 times dilution of 80% enoyl morpholine-cymoxanil, 1000 times dilution of liquid calcium agent, 1000 times dilution after finishing pigment

The method comprises the steps of thinning fruits for the last time before bagging, removing dead fruits and protruding fruit grains, finally determining a standard spike type, picking clusters with poor cluster shapes and fruit types with poor (weak) growth tips from clusters with poor cluster shapes and clusters with large spike bending, which are not well expanded, clusters with few fruit grains, clusters with diseased speckles and clusters with large spike bending, and carrying out cluster picking and cluster picking operations.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents can be made in the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A management method for grape fruit thinning and shaping is characterized by comprising the following steps:

performing spike fixing treatment on the fruit stalks 7 days after the grapes are full of grapes;

picking the grains of 3-4 branches at the uppermost part of the cluster 5-7 days after the fruit preservation treatment;

performing fruit swelling treatment 15 days after fruit preservation and nursing;

shaping treatment of secondary fruit thinning;

and (5) carrying out setting treatment on the thinning fruits for three times.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the axial length is defined as 6.5-7 cm.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper section of the bunch of grapes has 4-5 stalks, the middle section has 2-3 stalks, and the lower section has 0-2 stalks.

4. The method for thinning and setting grapes according to claim 1, wherein the fruit swelling treatment is a mixed impregnation treatment of gibberellic acid, forchlorfenuron, Baumeiling and oxine-copper.

5. The method for thinning and setting grapes according to claim 1, wherein the length of the ear after the fruit swelling treatment is maintained at 10-13 cm.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grapes are subjected to moisture-retaining cultivation after the swelling treatment, and the diseases and insect pests are controlled by using the medicine.

7. The method for grape thinning and setting management as claimed in claim 6, wherein the drug comprises: thiamethoxam, lambda-cyhalothrin, difenoconazole, milfoil or pyraclostrobin, enoyl morpholine-cymoxanil, liquid calcium agent and finish the face.

8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fruit pieces are subjected to a final thinning treatment before bagging.

9. Grapes cultivated by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Use of the method of any one of claims 1-8 in fruit tree cultivation management.