CN114014658A - 一种抗氧化石墨材料基体的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗氧化石墨材料基体的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114014658A
CN114014658A CN202011518698.8A CN202011518698A CN114014658A CN 114014658 A CN114014658 A CN 114014658A CN 202011518698 A CN202011518698 A CN 202011518698A CN 114014658 A CN114014658 A CN 114014658A
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马庆春
张锐
曲春浴
王雨晨
贾目跃
姜浩
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Harbin Electric Carbon Plant Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抗氧化石墨材料基体的制备方法,属于无机非金属石墨密封材料技术领域。本发明解决了现有石墨密封环制备工艺复杂且抗氧化性能不高的问题。本发明以石墨化炭黑作为主要原材料,以超细石油焦粉和硼酸为辅料制备,采用两阶段生产,大幅度提升石墨基体抗氧化性,并且采用等静压成型改善材料微观结构,降低氧化因子,获得的石墨基体具有高体积密度,高石墨化度和高的抗氧化性能。

Description

一种抗氧化石墨材料基体的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种抗氧化石墨材料基体的制备方法,属于无机非金属石墨密封材料技术领域。
背景技术
燃油泵作为发动机燃油供给***中最为基础的部件,其承担着在发动机工作过程中将燃油从油箱内抽出,并以一定的压力通过供油管路源源不断地输送至发动机,再由高压油泵二次加压,并按照发动机的做工顺序为各个气缸提供定量的燃油。目前燃油泵中设置有机械密封石墨密封环,但是在其工作中还会出现机械密封漏油超标、冒白烟的问题。这是由于石墨密封环一般都是通过石墨浸渍树脂制得的,当温升超过200℃,浸渍树脂石墨密封环就会分解形成硬颗粒和析出挥发物,形成泡疤,当密封端面线速度较高,造成摩擦副密封端面PV值增大,密封断面遭到破坏,磨损加剧,导致泄漏量超标。由此可知,石墨密封环的耐高温性能对其使用寿命有严重的影响,因此,提供一种抗氧化石墨材料基体的制备方法是十分必要的。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有石墨密封环制备工艺复杂且抗氧化性能不高的问题,提供一种抗氧化石墨材料基体的制备方法。
一种抗氧化石墨材料基体的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1,制备一阶段超细粉:
步骤2,将步骤1获得的一阶段超细粉、土状石墨粉、超细石油焦粉、高耐磨炭黑和硼酸混合均匀后,获得混合料,向混合料中加入沥青,然后在100-180℃条件下混捏处理2-3h;
步骤3,混捏处理完成后,在130-150℃条件下进行轧片处理,获得的轧片厚度为1mm以下;
步骤4,将步骤3获得的轧片冷却后进行破碎磨粉处理,破碎磨粉处理获得粒径在70μm以下的压粉,将压粉进行等静压成型处理,获得坯料;
步骤5,将步骤4获得的坯料依次进行第一次焙烧、第一次沥青浸渍、第二次焙烧、第二次沥青浸渍、第三次焙烧和石墨化处理,获得制品,制品的密度大于1.90g/cm3,肖氏硬度为60-80,石墨化度大于85%。
进一步地,步骤1的具体操作过程为:将高耐磨炭黑与中温沥青按照质量比为1:1在温度为150-180℃条件下混合,然后在温度为130-150℃,压力为30-40MPa条件下模压成圆柱,然后将圆柱以15-30℃/h的升温速率至800℃,保温2h时间后进行石墨化处理,最后将圆柱磨成粒径直径为5μm以下的一阶段超细粉。
进一步地,步骤1中石墨化处理条件为:温度为2300-2500℃,保温4h。
进一步地,步骤2中按一阶段超细粉含量为50-60wt%、土状石墨粉含量为5-15wt%、超细石油焦粉含量为10-25wt%、高耐磨炭黑含量为5-10wt%和硼酸含量为5-10wt%的比例混合;所述的土状石墨粉粒径为20μm以下,超细石油焦粉粒径为10μm以下,高耐磨炭黑粒径为1-3μm。
进一步地,步骤2中沥青软化点为70-100℃,残碳率为30-50wt%。
进一步地,步骤2中沥青添加质量为混合料总质量的60-80%。
进一步地,步骤4中等静压成型处理压力为150-200MPa。
进一步地,步骤5中第一次焙烧、第二次焙烧和第三次焙烧处理条件为:以5-10℃/h的升温速率加热至1300℃,保温2h时间。
进一步地,步骤5中第一次沥青浸渍和第二次沥青浸渍处理条件为:在温度为180-250℃,压力为2-3MPa的条件下,以沥青为浸渍剂浸渍处理20h。
进一步地,步骤5中石墨化处理条件为:石墨化温度为2300-2500℃,保温4h。
本发明具有以下有益效果:本发明以石墨化炭黑作为主要原材料,以超细石油焦粉和硼酸为辅料制备,采用两阶段生产,大幅度提升石墨基体抗氧化性,并且采用等静压成型改善材料微观结构,提高致密度,降低氧化因子,获得的石墨基体具有高体积密度,高石墨化度和高的抗氧化性能。
附图说明
图1为一阶段超细粉的制备工艺流程图;
图2为抗氧化石墨材料基体的制备工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明均为常规方法。所用材料、试剂、方法和仪器,未经特殊说明,均为本领域常规材料、试剂、方法和仪器,本领域技术人员均可通过商业渠道获得。
实施例1:
如图1所示,制备一阶段超细粉:
首先将高耐磨炭黑与中温沥青按照质量比为1:1在温度为为150℃条件下混合,然后在温度为150℃,压力为40MPa条件下模压成圆柱,然后将圆柱以20℃/h的升温速率至800℃,保温2h时间后,在2500℃下保温4h时间完成石墨化处理,最后将圆柱磨成粒径直径为5μm以下的一阶段超细粉。
如图2所示,制备抗氧化石墨材料基体:
(1)按一阶段焦粉的含量为55wt%,土状石墨粉含量为5wt%,超细石油焦粉含量为30wt%,高耐磨炭黑含量为5wt%和硼酸含量为5wt%充分混匀,获得混合料。
(2)然后将软化点为75℃,残碳率为35wt%沥青加入混合料中,沥青加入量为混合料总质量的60%,在180℃温度下混捏2h,然后在150℃温度下轧片,轧片的厚度在1mm以下,并将轧成的片冷却后破碎磨粉至粒径在70μ以下,制成压粉。将压粉在200MPa进行等静压成型处理,获得坯料。
(3)将获得的坯料依次第一次焙烧、第一次沥青浸渍、第二次焙烧、第二次沥青浸渍、第三次焙烧和石墨化处理,获得制品,制品密度1.85g/cm3,肖氏硬度65,石墨化度75%。
其中,第一次焙烧、第二次焙烧和第三次焙烧处理条件为:以10℃/h的升温速率加热至1300℃,保温2h。第一次沥青浸渍和第二次沥青浸渍处理条件为:在温度为250℃,压力为3MPa的条件下,以沥青为浸渍剂浸渍处理25h。石墨化温度为2500℃,保温4h。
实施例2:
如图1所示,制备一阶段超细粉:
首先将高耐磨炭黑与中温沥青按照质量比为1:1在温度为为160℃条件下混合,然后在温度为140℃,压力为40MPa条件下模压成圆柱,然后将圆柱以30℃/h的升温速率至800℃,保温2h时间后,在2500℃下保温4h时间完成石墨化处理,最后将圆柱磨成粒径直径为5μm以下的一阶段超细粉。
如图2所示,制备抗氧化石墨材料基体:
(1)按一阶段焦粉的含量为60wt%,土状石墨粉含量为10wt%,超细石油焦粉含量为15wt%,高耐磨炭黑含量为10wt%和硼酸含量为5wt%充分混匀,获得混合料。
(2)然后将软化点为80℃,残碳率为40wt%沥青加入混合料中,沥青加入量为混合料总质量的70%,在150℃温度下混捏2h,然后在150℃温度下轧片,轧片的厚度在1mm以下,并将轧成的片冷却后破碎磨粉至粒径在70μ以下,制成压粉。将压粉在200MPa进行等静压成型处理,获得坯料。
(3)将获得的坯料依次第一次焙烧、第一次沥青浸渍、第二次焙烧、第二次沥青浸渍、第三次焙烧和石墨化处理,获得制品,制品密度1.87g/cm3,肖氏硬度70,石墨化度80%。
其中,第一次焙烧、第二次焙烧和第三次焙烧处理条件为:以10℃/h的升温速率加热至1300℃,保温2h。第一次沥青浸渍和第二次沥青浸渍处理条件为:在温度为200℃,压力为2MPa的条件下,以沥青为浸渍剂浸渍处理20h。石墨化温度为2400℃,保温4h。
实施例3:
如图1所示,制备一阶段超细粉:
首先将高耐磨炭黑与中温沥青按照质量比为1:1在温度为为180℃条件下混合,然后在温度为140℃,压力为30MPa条件下模压成圆柱,然后将圆柱以25℃/h的升温速率至800℃,保温2h后,在2300℃下保温4h时间完成石墨化处理,最后将圆柱磨成粒径直径为5μm以下的一阶段超细粉。
如图2所示,制备抗氧化石墨材料基体:
(1)按一阶段焦粉的含量为60wt%,土状石墨粉含量为15wt%,超细石油焦粉含量为10wt%,高耐磨炭黑含量为10wt%和硼酸含量为5wt%充分混匀,获得混合料。
(2)然后将软化点为100℃,残碳率为50wt%沥青加入混合料中,沥青加入量为混合料总质量的80%,在120℃温度下混捏3h,然后在150℃温度下轧片,轧片的厚度在1mm以下,并将轧成的片冷却后破碎磨粉至粒径在70μ以下,制成压粉。将压粉在150MPa进行等静压成型处理,获得坯料。
(3)将获得的坯料依次第一次焙烧、第一次沥青浸渍、第二次焙烧、第二次沥青浸渍、第三次焙烧和石墨化处理,获得制品,制品密度1.90g/cm3,肖氏硬度75,石墨化度85%。
其中,第一次焙烧、第二次焙烧和第三次焙烧处理条件为:以10℃/h的升温速率加热至1300℃,保温2h。第一次沥青浸渍和第二次沥青浸渍处理条件为:在温度为180℃,压力为3MPa的条件下,以沥青为浸渍剂浸渍处理20h。石墨化温度为2400℃,保温4h。

Claims (10)

1.一种抗氧化石墨材料基体的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1,制备一阶段超细粉:
步骤2,将步骤1获得的一阶段超细粉、土状石墨粉、超细石油焦粉、高耐磨炭黑和硼酸混合均匀后,获得混合料,向混合料中加入沥青,然后在100-180℃条件下混捏处理2-3h;
步骤3,混捏处理完成后,在130-150℃条件下进行轧片处理,获得的轧片厚度为1mm以下;
步骤4,将步骤3获得的轧片冷却后进行破碎磨粉处理,破碎磨粉处理获得粒径在70μm以下的压粉,将压粉进行等静压成型处理,获得坯料;
步骤5,将步骤4获得的坯料依次进行第一次焙烧、第一次沥青浸渍、第二次焙烧、第二次沥青浸渍、第三次焙烧和石墨化处理,获得制品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗氧化石墨材料基体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤1的具体操作过程为:将高耐磨炭黑与中温沥青按照质量比为1:1在温度为150-180℃条件下混合,然后在温度为130-150℃,压力为30-40MPa条件下模压成圆柱,然后将圆柱以15-30℃/h的升温速率至800℃,保温2h后进行石墨化处理,最后将圆柱磨成粒径直径为5μm以下的一阶段超细粉。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗氧化石墨材料基体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤1中石墨化处理条件为:温度为2300-2500℃,保温4h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗氧化石墨材料基体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤2中按一阶段超细粉含量为50-60wt%、土状石墨粉含量为5-15wt%、超细石油焦粉含量为10-25wt%、高耐磨炭黑含量为5-10wt%和硼酸含量为5-10wt%的比例混合;所述的土状石墨粉粒径为20μm以下,超细石油焦粉粒径为10μm以下,高耐磨炭黑粒径为1-3μm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗氧化石墨材料基体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤2中沥青软化点为70-100℃,残碳率为30-50wt%。
6.根据权利要求1或5所述的一种抗氧化石墨材料基体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤2中沥青添加质量为混合料总质量的60-80%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗氧化石墨材料基体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤4中等静压成型处理压力为150-200MPa。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗氧化石墨材料基体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤5中第一次焙烧、第二次焙烧和第三次焙烧处理条件为:以5-10℃/h的升温速率加热至1300℃,保温2h。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗氧化石墨材料基体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤5中第一次沥青浸渍和第二次沥青浸渍处理条件为:在温度为180-250℃,压力为2-3MPa的条件下,以沥青为浸渍剂浸渍处理20h。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗氧化石墨材料基体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤5中石墨化处理条件为:石墨化温度为2300-2500℃,保温4h。
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