CN114001605A - Smooth blasting method for tunneling - Google Patents
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- CN114001605A CN114001605A CN202111399791.6A CN202111399791A CN114001605A CN 114001605 A CN114001605 A CN 114001605A CN 202111399791 A CN202111399791 A CN 202111399791A CN 114001605 A CN114001605 A CN 114001605A
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a smooth blasting method for tunneling, belonging to the technical field of blasting engineering. The method adopts a peripheral light explosion hole charging structure which is not axially coupled with water and performs spaced energy accumulation explosion, a main explosion area and an edge explosion area of a tunnel driving face are determined firstly, a main explosion center hole is arranged at the center of the main explosion area, a plurality of large-diameter holes are symmetrically arranged by taking the main explosion center hole as the center, a plurality of layers of main explosion holes are symmetrically arranged at the outer side of the large-diameter holes and taking the main explosion center hole as the center, and a plurality of peripheral light explosion holes are arranged in the edge explosion area; the main blasting center hole and the main blasting hole of the main blasting area are internally provided with an axial uncoupled main blasting hole charge structure, and the peripheral light blasting hole charge structure for the axial uncoupled water spaced energy-gathered blasting is arranged in the peripheral light blasting hole; and sequentially detonating the main detonation central hole, the main detonation hole and the peripheral light detonation holes one by one. The jet flow and the water bag formed by the energy-gathering groove of the invention generate a water wedge effect in blasting to promote the initial crack propagation of the rock, and form water mist to reduce the dust concentration in blasting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a smooth blasting method for tunneling, belonging to the technical field of blasting engineering.
Background
Smooth blasting generally refers to controlling the action range and direction of blasting, so that the blasted rock surface is smooth and flat, the rock surface is prevented from cracking, the workload of over-excavation, under-excavation and supporting is reduced, the stability of the rock wall is increased, the vibration effect of blasting is reduced, and the technology for controlling the rock excavation profile is further achieved. Smooth blasting is used as a technical means for protecting reserved rock mass, and is widely used and developed in the construction processes of tunnels, slopes, nuclear power stations and the like.
Currently, most of light surface blasting light blasting holes are simultaneously blasted, the damage to reserved rock bodies is large, the formation of slope walls with good stability is not facilitated, the blasting vibration is large, and the stability of surrounding rocks is not facilitated; secondly, more dust can be generated by simultaneous detonation, the ventilation time is long, the circulating footage efficiency is influenced, and the influence on the body health of field constructors is great; in addition, the main reason for simultaneous initiation of the optical explosion holes is that the delay initiation time of the detonators with a large number of the optical explosion holes is not set well.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a smooth blasting method for tunneling aiming at the problems in smooth blasting of tunneling, which adopts an axial uncoupled water spaced energy-accumulation peripheral light blasting hole charging structure to protect the integrity of a reserved rock body to the maximum extent, so that the action of blasting stress waves, the expansion action of detonation gas and the air blade action of energy-accumulation jet flow in blasting can be organically combined and interacted at the moment when a crack is formed in the rock body, the crack is easier to form and is more fully expanded and extended, the smooth blasting is successfully realized, and the unit area charging quantity and the unit area pore-forming quantity of the smooth blasting can be greatly reduced; meanwhile, the vibration is small, the damage is less, the disturbance to the reserved rock mass is small, the damage to the reserved rock mass is also minimum, the water bag generates an atomization effect under the action of explosion, the dust concentration after explosion is reduced, and the pollution to the environment after explosion is reduced.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a smooth blasting method for tunneling adopts a peripheral light blasting hole charging structure of axial uncoupled water interval energy-gathered blasting, and comprises the following specific steps:
1) determining a main explosion area and an edge explosion area of a tunneling working face, arranging a main explosion center hole in the center of the main explosion area, symmetrically arranging a plurality of large-diameter holes by taking the main explosion center hole as the center, symmetrically arranging a plurality of layers of main explosion holes outside the large-diameter holes and by taking the main explosion center hole as the center, and arranging a plurality of peripheral light explosion holes in the edge explosion area;
2) the main explosion center hole and the main explosion hole of the main explosion area are internally provided with a non-coupling explosive charging device for blasting by a light incident surface, and a peripheral light explosion hole explosive charging structure for axially non-coupling water interval energy accumulation blasting is arranged in the peripheral light explosion hole;
3) and sequentially detonating the main detonation center hole, the main detonation holes and the peripheral light detonation holes, wherein the detonation sequence of the main detonation holes is that the main detonation center hole is used as the center and the holes are detonated outwards sequentially from one hole to the next according to the number of layers, and the detonation sequence of the peripheral light detonation holes is that the peripheral light detonation holes on the central axis of the tunnel face are detonated first and then adjacent peripheral light detonation holes are detonated sequentially.
The total time from the initiation of the main explosion hole 1 to the initiation of the optical explosion hole 2 does not exceed 1035ms of the third millisecond series 20;
the detonation interval time between the optical explosion hole 2 and the adjacent main explosion hole is as follows: hard rock is less than 100ms, soft rock is more than 150 ms;
the distance between the large-diameter hollow hole and the cut hole is
The interlayer distance between an edge detonating layer formed by connecting peripheral optical explosion holes and the outermost main explosion hole is W (10-12) d;
in the formula, d-diameter of the charging hole, b-side pressure coefficient, deltat-compression strength (MPa) of roadway surrounding rock, a-formation dip angle (°), p-blast hole cliff initial stress peak (Pa);
when the rock general coefficient f is 2-4, the distance between blast holes of the auxiliary holes is 650-750 mm;
when the rock general coefficient f is 4-6, the distance between blast holes of the auxiliary holes is 600-650 mm;
when the rock general coefficient f is 6-8, the distance between blast holes of the auxiliary holes is 550-600 mm;
when the rock general coefficient f is 8-10, the distance between blast holes of the auxiliary holes is 500-550 mm;
when the rock general coefficient f is 10-12, the distance between blast holes of the auxiliary holes is 400-500 mm;
the axial uncoupled water spaced energy-gathering blasting periphery light explosion hole charging structure comprises a tubular water bag I3, an energy-gathering tube 4, an explosive 5, a tubular water bag II6, a stemming I7, a detonating cord I8 and a digital electronic detonator I9, wherein the tubular water bag I3 is arranged at the bottom of a periphery light explosion hole, the top end of the tubular water bag I3 is provided with the energy-gathering tube 4, the explosive 5 is arranged in the energy-gathering tube 4, the top end of the energy-gathering tube 4 is provided with the tubular water bag II6, the stemming I7 is filled at the top end of the tubular water bag II6 to a blast hole opening, the bottom of the explosive 5 is connected with the detonating cord I8, and the other end of the detonating cord I8 extends out of the blast hole opening and is connected with the digital electronic detonator I9.
The hole pitch of the peripheral light explosion holes is
In the formula: k-explosion stress wave coefficient, taking K as 4.5 for the emulsion explosive; b-ratio of tangential stress to radial stress, Sc-dynamic compressive strength of rock (MPa); dp-blast hole diameter (mm); st-dynamic tensile strength (MPa) of rock; a-stress wave attenuation coefficient;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
r is the Poisson's ratio of the stemming 7;
a＝2-b。
the density of the explosive in the periphery light explosion hole is
In the formula: kbCoefficient of increase of rock compressive strength under volumetric stress, KbThe density of the Q-type explosive is 7 to 15 generally, and the Q of the emulsion explosive is 1.25g/cm3(ii) a n-pressure collision coefficient, determined by field test; d1Detonation velocity, emulsion explosive fetch d1＝3000m/s；db-blast hole diameter (mm); dcStick diameter (mm).
The uncoupled explosive charging device for smooth blasting comprises a cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12, an explosive cartridge 11, a detonating cord II10 and a digital electronic detonator II13, wherein the explosive cartridge 11 is fixedly arranged on the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12, the detonating cord II1 is sequentially connected with the explosive cartridge 11, the digital electronic detonator II13 is arranged at the end of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12, the digital electronic detonator II13 is close to the orifice end of a smooth blasting hole, stemming II14 is filled in the orifice of the smooth blasting hole, and a leg wire 15 of the digital electronic detonator II13 penetrates through the stemming II14 and is externally connected with an electronic detonator through a wire.
Further, the charge decoupling coefficient of the explosive cartridge 11 is 1.8-2.3; the top end of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12 is close to the orifice end of the smooth blasting hole, 1/3-2/5 of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12 is the bottom, the charging distance of the bottom of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12 is d1, 1/3-2/5 of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12 is the middle part, the charging distance of the middle part of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12 is d2, 1/3-1/5 of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12 is the top part, the charging distance of the top of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12 is d3, d1 is larger than or equal to 3cm and smaller than or equal to d2 and smaller than or equal to 5cm, and d3 is larger than or equal to 3 cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention utilizes the shock wave generated by the explosive when exploding, and the attenuation speed in water is far less than the attenuation speed in air; the water bag is added at the bottom of the blast hole, so that the shock wave generated by the explosive directly acts on the rock through the water bag, the energy consumption of the explosive is greatly reduced, and the utilization rate of the blast hole is improved; the tubular water bag in the blast hole can generate a 'water wedge' effect under the action of explosive explosion, so that the surrounding rock can be further crushed, and the block rate generated by explosion is reduced; meanwhile, the tubular water bag can generate an atomization effect under the action of explosion, so that the dust concentration after explosion is reduced, and the pollution to the environment after explosion is reduced;
(2) the hole distance and the thread charge density of the peripheral light explosion holes are determined by calculating the hole distance and the thread charge density of the peripheral light explosion holes, and the reasonable hole distance and the thread charge density not only can reduce the damage of explosion to a reserved rock body to the maximum extent, increase the stability of the rock body and reduce the explosive quantity and the drilling time, but also are beneficial to forming a smooth hole wall after the light explosion hole explosion, and improve the construction efficiency; the setting of the delayed detonation time of the optical explosion hole can reduce the influence of explosion vibration on the surrounding rock mass to the maximum extent and improve the stability of the surrounding rock mass.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of arrangement of blast holes of a main blasting area and peripheral light blasting holes of tunnel blasting;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a detonation network;
FIG. 3 is an axial uncoupled water spaced energy-concentrating peripheral light hole-blasting charge configuration;
FIG. 4 is a smooth blasting uncoupled charge configuration;
in the figure: 1-main explosion hole, 2-peripheral light explosion hole, 3-tubular water bag I, 4-energy-gathering tube, 5-explosive, 6-tubular water bag II, 7-stemming I, 8-detonating cord I, 9-digital electronic detonator I, 10-detonating cord II, 11-explosive cartridge, 12-cartridge fixing arc plate, 13-digital electronic detonator II, 14-stemming II and 15-leg line.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1-2, a smooth blasting method for tunneling adopts a peripheral light blasting hole charging structure of axial uncoupled water spaced energy-gathered blasting, and comprises the following specific steps:
1) determining a main explosion area and an edge explosion area of a tunneling face, arranging a main explosion center hole (see a in figure 1) in the center of the main explosion area, symmetrically arranging a plurality of large-diameter holes by taking the main explosion center hole as the center, symmetrically arranging a plurality of layers of main explosion holes (see b, c and d in figure 1) outside the large-diameter holes and by taking the main explosion center hole as the center, and arranging a plurality of peripheral light explosion holes (see e in figure 1) in the edge explosion area;
the hole pitch of the peripheral light explosion hole is
In the formula: k-explosion stress wave coefficient, taking K as 4.5 for the emulsion explosive; b-the ratio of tangential stress to radial stress,
r is the Poisson's ratio of the stemming 7; sc-dynamic compressive strength of rock (MPa); dp-blast hole diameter (mm); st-dynamic tensile strength (MPa) of rock; a-stress wave attenuation coefficient, a is 2-b;
the distance between the large-diameter hollow hole and the cut hole is
The interlayer distance between an edge detonating layer formed by connecting peripheral optical explosion holes and the outermost main explosion hole is W (10-12) d;
in the formula, d-diameter of the charging hole, b-side pressure coefficient, deltat-compression strength (MPa) of roadway surrounding rock, a-formation dip angle (°), p-blast hole cliff initial stress peak (Pa);
when the rock general coefficient f is 2-4, the distance between blast holes of the auxiliary holes is 650-750 mm;
when the rock general coefficient f is 4-6, the distance between blast holes of the auxiliary holes is 600-650 mm;
when the rock general coefficient f is 6-8, the distance between blast holes of the auxiliary holes is 550-600 mm;
when the rock general coefficient f is 8-10, the distance between blast holes of the auxiliary holes is 500-550 mm;
when the rock general coefficient f is 10-12, the distance between blast holes of the auxiliary holes is 400-500 mm;
2) the main explosion center hole and the main explosion hole of the main explosion area are internally provided with a non-coupling explosive charging device for blasting by a light incident surface, and a peripheral light explosion hole explosive charging structure for axially non-coupling water interval energy accumulation blasting is arranged in the peripheral light explosion hole;
wherein the linear charge density of the peripheral light explosion holes is
In the formula: kbCoefficient of increase of rock compressive strength under volumetric stress, KbThe density of the Q-type explosive is 7 to 15 generally, and the Q of the emulsion explosive is 1.25g/cm3(ii) a n-pressure collision coefficient, determined by field test; d1Detonation velocity, emulsion explosive fetch d1＝3000m/s；db-blast hole diameter (mm); dc-cartridge diameter (mm);
as shown in fig. 3, the uncoupled explosive charging device for smooth blasting comprises a cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12, an explosive cartridge 11, a detonating cord II10 and a digital electronic detonator II13, wherein the explosive cartridge 11 is fixedly arranged on the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12, the detonating cord II1 is sequentially connected with the explosive cartridge 11, the digital electronic detonator II13 is arranged at the end of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12, the digital electronic detonator II13 is close to the orifice end of the smooth blasting hole, the smooth blasting orifice is filled with stemming II14, and a leg wire 15 of the digital electronic detonator II13 penetrates through the stemming II14 and is externally connected with an electronic detonator through a conducting wire; the explosive cartridge 11 has a charging uncoupling coefficient of 1.8-2.3; the top end of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12 is close to the orifice end of the smooth blasting hole, 1/3-2/5 of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12 is the bottom, the charging distance of the bottom of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12 is d1, 1/3-2/5 of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12 is the middle, the charging distance of the middle of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12 is d2, 1/3-1/5 of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12 is the top, the charging distance of the top of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12 is d3, d1 is larger than 3cm and larger than d2, d3 is smaller than or equal to 5 cm;
as shown in fig. 4, the peripheral light-explosion hole charging structure for axially uncoupled water interval energy-accumulation blasting comprises a tubular water bag I3, an energy accumulation tube 4, an explosive 5, a tubular water bag II6, a stemming I7, a detonating cord I8 and a digital electronic detonator I9, wherein the tubular water bag I3 is arranged at the bottom of the peripheral light-explosion hole, the energy accumulation tube 4 is arranged at the top end of the tubular water bag I3, the explosive 5 is arranged in the energy accumulation tube 4, the tubular water bag II6 is arranged at the top end of the energy accumulation tube 4, the stemming I7 is filled at the top end of the tubular water bag II6 to a blast hole opening, the bottom of the explosive 5 is connected with the detonating cord I8, and the other end of the detonating cord I8 extends out of the blast hole opening and is connected with the digital electronic detonator I9; the method is characterized in that a peripheral light blasting hole charging structure of axial uncoupled water interval energy-gathered blasting is adopted, the positions for protecting rock masses are arranged in tunnels, hydropower stations and the like, an initiation network for initiating hole by hole is arranged according to a field construction scheme, accurate delay initiation is realized through digital electronic detonator control, and a smooth hole wall is formed after blasting, so that the construction efficiency is improved, the influence of blasting vibration on the peripheral rock masses can be reduced to the maximum extent through the arrangement of delay initiation time of the light blasting holes, the stability of the peripheral rock masses is improved, and the generation of blasting dust is reduced;
3) sequentially detonating a main detonation center hole, a main detonation hole and peripheral light detonation holes, wherein the detonation sequence of the main detonation hole is that the main detonation center hole is taken as a center and the main detonation hole, the main detonation hole and the peripheral light detonation holes are sequentially detonated from one hole to the other hole in layers (see A → B → C → D in fig. 2), and the detonation sequence of the peripheral light detonation holes is that the peripheral light detonation holes on the central axis of the tunnel face are detonated firstly and then adjacent peripheral light detonation holes are sequentially detonated (see E → F → G → H → I in fig. 2);
the total time from the initiation of the main explosion hole 1 to the initiation of the optical explosion hole 2 does not exceed 1035ms of the third millisecond series 20;
the detonation interval time between the optical explosion hole 2 and the adjacent main explosion hole is as follows: hard rock is less than 100ms and soft rock is more than 150 ms.
Example 2: the rock property of the embodiment is medium-hard rock, the rock property is stable, and the joint crack does not develop;
as shown in fig. 1-2, a smooth blasting method for tunneling adopts a peripheral light blasting hole charging structure of axial uncoupled water spaced energy-gathered blasting, and comprises the following specific steps:
1) determining the positions of a main explosion area and a reserved rock mass according to construction design requirements, determining an excavated contour line according to the position of the reserved rock mass, determining the main explosion area and an edge explosion area of a tunnel boring face, arranging a main explosion center hole (see a in figure 1) in the center of the main explosion area, symmetrically arranging a plurality of large-diameter blank holes with the main explosion center hole as the center, symmetrically arranging a plurality of layers of main explosion holes (see b, c and d in figure 1) outside the large-diameter blank holes with the main explosion center hole as the center, and arranging a plurality of peripheral light explosion holes (see e in figure 1) in the edge explosion area;
the hole pitch of the peripheral light explosion hole is
In the formula: k-explosion stress wave coefficient, taking K as 4.5 for the emulsion explosive; b-the ratio of tangential stress to radial stress,
r is the Poisson ratio of the stemming 7, and r is 0.25; scDynamic compressive strength (MPa) of rock, taken as Sc＝125MPa；dpBlast hole diameter (mm), dp＝44mm；StDynamic tensile strength (MPa) of rock, taken as St6.8 MPa; a-stress wave attenuation coefficient, a is 2-b is 1.67; calculating to obtain delta 882mm, and taking the light explosion hole distance to be 800mm in conservative design;
the distance between the large-diameter hollow hole and the cut hole is
The interlayer distance between an edge detonating layer formed by connecting peripheral optical explosion holes and the outermost main explosion hole is W (10-12) d;
in the formula, d-diameter of the charging hole, b-side pressure coefficient, deltat-compression strength (MPa) of roadway surrounding rock, a-formation dip angle (°), p-blast hole cliff initial stress peak (Pa);
when the rock general coefficient f is 2-4, the distance between blast holes of the auxiliary holes is 650-750 mm;
when the rock general coefficient f is 4-6, the distance between blast holes of the auxiliary holes is 600-650 mm;
when the rock general coefficient f is 6-8, the distance between blast holes of the auxiliary holes is 550-600 mm;
when the rock general coefficient f is 8-10, the distance between blast holes of the auxiliary holes is 500-550 mm;
when the rock general coefficient f is 10-12, the distance between blast holes of the auxiliary holes is 400-500 mm;
2) the main explosion center hole and the main explosion hole of the main explosion area are internally provided with a non-coupling explosive charging device for blasting by a light incident surface, and a peripheral light explosion hole explosive charging structure for axially non-coupling water interval energy accumulation blasting is arranged in the peripheral light explosion hole;
wherein the linear charge density of the peripheral light explosion holes is
In the formula: kbCoefficient of increase of rock compressive strength under volumetric stress, KbThe density of the emulsion explosive is 14, Q-explosive, and Q is 1.25g/cm3(ii) a n-pressure collision coefficient, and determining that n is 0.074 by field test; d1Detonation velocity, emulsion explosive fetch d1＝3000m/s；db-blast hole diameter (mm); dcDiameter of the stick (mm), dc27 mm; calculated as L0.232 kg/m3For conservative design and convenient construction, the linear charge density is 0.25kg/m3；
As shown in fig. 3, the uncoupled explosive charging device for smooth blasting comprises a cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12, an explosive cartridge 11, a detonating cord II10 and a digital electronic detonator II13, wherein the explosive cartridge 11 is fixedly arranged on the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12, the detonating cord II1 is sequentially connected with the explosive cartridge 11, the digital electronic detonator II13 is arranged at the end of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12, the digital electronic detonator II13 is close to the orifice end of the smooth blasting hole, the smooth blasting orifice is filled with stemming II14, and a leg wire 15 of the digital electronic detonator II13 penetrates through the stemming II14 and is externally connected with an electronic detonator through a conducting wire; the explosive cartridge 11 has a charging uncoupling coefficient of 1.8-2.3; the top end of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12 is close to the orifice end of the smooth blasting hole, 1/3-2/5 of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12 is the bottom, the charging distance of the bottom of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12 is d1, 1/3-2/5 of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12 is the middle, the charging distance of the middle of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12 is d2, 1/3-1/5 of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12 is the top, the charging distance of the top of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate 12 is d3, d1 is larger than 3cm and larger than d2, d3 is smaller than or equal to 5 cm;
as shown in fig. 4, the peripheral light-explosion hole charging structure for axially uncoupled water interval energy-accumulation blasting comprises a tubular water bag I3, an energy accumulation tube 4, an explosive 5, a tubular water bag II6, a stemming I7, a detonating cord I8 and a digital electronic detonator I9, wherein the tubular water bag I3 is arranged at the bottom of the peripheral light-explosion hole, the energy accumulation tube 4 is arranged at the top end of the tubular water bag I3, the explosive 5 is arranged in the energy accumulation tube 4, the tubular water bag II6 is arranged at the top end of the energy accumulation tube 4, the stemming I7 is filled at the top end of the tubular water bag II6 to a blast hole opening, the bottom of the explosive 5 is connected with the detonating cord I8, and the other end of the detonating cord I8 extends out of the blast hole opening and is connected with the digital electronic detonator I9; the method is characterized in that a peripheral light blasting hole charging structure of axial uncoupled water interval energy-gathered blasting is adopted, the positions for protecting rock masses are arranged in tunnels, hydropower stations and the like, an initiation network for initiating hole by hole is arranged according to a field construction scheme, accurate delay initiation is realized through digital electronic detonator control, and a smooth hole wall is formed after blasting, so that the construction efficiency is improved, the influence of blasting vibration on the peripheral rock masses can be reduced to the maximum extent through the arrangement of delay initiation time of the light blasting holes, the stability of the peripheral rock masses is improved, and the generation of blasting dust is reduced;
3) sequentially detonating a main detonation center hole, a main detonation hole and peripheral light detonation holes, wherein the detonation sequence of the main detonation hole is that the main detonation center hole is taken as a center and the main detonation hole, the main detonation hole and the peripheral light detonation holes are sequentially detonated from one hole to the other hole in layers (see A → B → C → D in fig. 2), and the detonation sequence of the peripheral light detonation holes is that the peripheral light detonation holes on the central axis of the tunnel face are detonated firstly and then adjacent peripheral light detonation holes are sequentially detonated (see E → F → G → H → I in fig. 2); wherein the total time from the initiation of the primary booster hole 1 to the initiation of the light booster hole 2 does not exceed 1035ms of the third millisecond series 20; the detonation interval time between the optical explosion hole 2 and the adjacent main explosion hole is as follows: hard rock is less than 100ms, soft rock is more than 150 ms;
the tubular water bag and the stemming are combined to block, so that the formed cracks can be extended and expanded, the high-temperature high-pressure jet flow and water wedge effects and the static force effect of expansion gas are added to the energy-gathered water pressure smooth blasting, the energy consumption of the explosive is greatly reduced, and the utilization rate of blastholes is improved; under the action of explosive explosion, the generated water wedge effect is beneficial to further crushing the surrounding rock and reducing the block rate generated by explosion; the tubular water bags are placed in the peripheral light blasting holes, water mist formed in the blasting process plays a role in dust fall, ventilation time is shortened, the operation environment is improved, and the health of constructors is protected.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes and modifications can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A smooth blasting method for tunneling is characterized in that a peripheral light blasting hole charging structure of axial uncoupled water interval energy-gathered blasting is adopted, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) determining a main explosion area and an edge explosion area of a tunneling working face, arranging a main explosion center hole in the center of the main explosion area, symmetrically arranging a plurality of large-diameter holes by taking the main explosion center hole as the center, symmetrically arranging a plurality of layers of main explosion holes outside the large-diameter holes and by taking the main explosion center hole as the center, and arranging a plurality of peripheral light explosion holes in the edge explosion area;
2) the main explosion center hole and the main explosion hole of the main explosion area are internally provided with a non-coupling explosive charging device for blasting by a light incident surface, and a peripheral light explosion hole explosive charging structure for axially non-coupling water interval energy accumulation blasting is arranged in the peripheral light explosion hole;
3) sequentially detonating the main detonation center hole, the main detonation holes and the peripheral light detonation holes, wherein the detonation sequence of the main detonation holes is that the main detonation center hole is used as the center and the peripheral light detonation holes are detonated outwards in layers, and the detonation sequence of the peripheral light detonation holes is that the peripheral light detonation holes on the central axis of the tunnel face are detonated firstly and then adjacent peripheral light detonation holes are detonated in sequence.
2. A method of smooth blasting in tunneling according to claim 1, wherein: the distance between the large-diameter hollow hole and the cut hole is
The interlayer distance between an edge detonating layer formed by connecting peripheral optical explosion holes and the outermost main explosion hole is W (10-12) d;
in the formula, d-diameter of the charging hole, b-side pressure coefficient, deltat-compression strength (MPa) of roadway surrounding rock, a-formation dip angle (°), p-blast hole cliff initial stress peak (Pa);
when the rock general coefficient f is 2-4, the distance between blast holes of the auxiliary holes is 650-750 mm;
when the rock general coefficient f is 4-6, the distance between blast holes of the auxiliary holes is 600-650 mm;
when the rock general coefficient f is 6-8, the distance between blast holes of the auxiliary holes is 550-600 mm;
when the rock general coefficient f is 8-10, the distance between blast holes of the auxiliary holes is 500-550 mm;
when the rock general coefficient f is 10-12, the distance between the blast holes of the auxiliary holes is 400-500 mm.
3. A method of smooth blasting in tunneling according to claim 1, wherein: the peripheral light-explosion hole charging structure for axial uncoupled water spaced energy-accumulation blasting comprises a tubular water bag I (3), an energy accumulation pipe (4), an explosive (5), a tubular water bag II (6), a stemming I (7), an explosive fuse I (8) and a digital electronic detonator I (9), wherein the tubular water bag I (3) is arranged at the bottom of a peripheral light-explosion hole, the energy accumulation pipe (4) is arranged at the top end of the tubular water bag I (3), the explosive (5) is arranged in the energy accumulation pipe (4), the tubular water bag II (6) is arranged at the top end of the energy accumulation pipe (4), the stemming I (7) to a blast hole opening is filled at the top end of the tubular water bag II (6), the explosive fuse I (8) is connected to the bottom of the explosive (5), and the other end of the explosive fuse I (8) extends out of the blast hole opening and is connected with the digital electronic detonator I (9).
4. A method of smooth blasting in tunneling according to claim 3, wherein: the hole pitch of the peripheral light explosion hole is
In the formula: k-coefficient of explosive stress wave, b-ratio of tangential stress to radial stress, Sc-dynamic compressive strength of rock (MPa); dp-blast hole diameter (mm); st-dynamic tensile strength (MPa) of rock; a-stress wave attenuation coefficient;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
r is the Poisson's ratio of the stemming 7;
a＝2-b。
5. a method of smooth blasting in tunneling according to claim 1, wherein: the density of the explosive in the periphery of the light explosion hole is
In the formula: kbCoefficient of increase in compressive strength of rock under volumetric stress, Q-explosive density, n-pressure coefficient of collision, d1Detonation velocity, db-blast hole diameter (mm); dcStick diameter (mm).
6. A method of smooth blasting in tunneling according to claim 1, wherein: smooth blasting's non-coupling charging device includes fixed arc (12) of explosive cartridge, explosive cartridge (11), detonating cord II (10), digital electronic detonator II (13), explosive cartridge (11) are fixed to be set up on fixed arc (12) of explosive cartridge, detonating cord II (1) connects gradually explosive cartridge (11), digital electronic detonator II (13) set up the end of fixing arc (12) at the explosive cartridge and digital electronic detonator II (13) are close to the drill way end of smooth blasting hole, smooth blasting drill way fills establishes stemming II (14), foot line (15) of digital electronic detonator II (13) pass stemming II (14) and pass through the external electronic detonator of wire.
7. A method of smooth blasting in tunneling according to claim 6, wherein: the explosive cartridge (11) has a charge decoupling coefficient of 1.8-2.3; the top end of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate (12) is close to the orifice end of the smooth blasting hole, 1/3-2/5 of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate (12) is the bottom, the explosive charging distance at the bottom of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate (12) is d1, 1/3-2/5 of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate (12) is the middle part, the explosive charging distance at the middle part of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate (12) is d2, 1/3-1/5 of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate (12) is the top, the explosive charging distance at the top of the cartridge fixing arc-shaped plate (12) is d3, d1 is more than or equal to 3cm and less than or equal to d2, d3 is more than or equal to 5 cm.
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