CN113985215B - Power grid higher harmonic voltage detection method - Google Patents
Power grid higher harmonic voltage detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113985215B CN113985215B CN202111331003.XA CN202111331003A CN113985215B CN 113985215 B CN113985215 B CN 113985215B CN 202111331003 A CN202111331003 A CN 202111331003A CN 113985215 B CN113985215 B CN 113985215B
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 3
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
- G01R23/16—Spectrum analysis; Fourier analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for detecting power grid higher harmonic voltage, and belongs to the technical field of power grids. The method comprises the following steps: (1) Acquiring a dielectric spectrum curve of the capacitive equipment through the frequency domain dielectric spectrum equipment, and acquiring an equivalent circuit model and parameters of the capacitive equipment through the dielectric spectrum curve; (2) Constructing a leakage current-circuit model and a transfer function of parameter-voltage; (3) The accurate measurement of the harmonic voltage of the power grid is realized by adopting a reconstruction algorithm through the leakage current obtained by measurement and a circuit model and parameters established through a dielectric spectrum curve. The invention can realize accurate measurement of voltage higher harmonic wave: by analyzing the high-frequency equivalent model of the capacitive device, accurate measurement of the higher harmonic voltage based on the leakage current of the capacitive device can be realized; the cost is low: the measurement of the high-voltage harmonic of the power grid can be realized without adding high-voltage equipment; the operation is convenient: by measuring the leakage current of the capacitive device, accurate measurement of the higher harmonics can be achieved through an algorithm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power grids, and relates to a power grid higher harmonic voltage detection method.
Background
The harmonic voltage measurement method of the high-voltage power grid commonly used at present is obtained through the secondary side of a voltage transformer. Voltage transformers are mainly classified into electromagnetic type (IVT, inductive voltage transformer) and capacitive type voltage transformers (CVT, CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER), and neither IVT nor CVT can accurately measure higher harmonics due to the frequency characteristics of the IVT core material and the CVT principle and material limitations.
Accurate higher harmonic voltages can be measured using a high voltage divider, but the divider is unsuitable for field applications because of the lack of electrical isolation. And high voltage equipment is required to be added separately, or a site is reserved for voltage divider installation.
The existing research obtains harmonic voltage by obtaining leakage current signals of capacitive equipment and integrating the current signals by adopting an integrating circuit. The method can extract more accurate harmonic voltage under the low-frequency condition, but under the high-frequency condition, the fitting degree of the analog integrated circuit is obviously insufficient because the frequency characteristic of the capacitive equipment model is not considered.
There are many methods for harmonic voltage at home and abroad, for example, a method for detecting harmonic by adopting an analog filter hardware circuit, the principle of the method is directly observed, the cost is low, but the measurement accuracy depends on element parameters of a filter; the method provides an artificial neural network harmonic analysis method based on a fixed trigonometric basis function, and the novel model is more visual and has high convergence rate. However, time is required for building the neural network to train samples, the construction method of the neural network lacks unified standards, and the number of training samples is huge; the harmonic detection method based on wavelet analysis cannot meet the requirements, so that the method is a more accurate and reasonable method to extract by combining the advantages of several harmonic detection methods.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting harmonic voltage of a power grid. The high-frequency equivalent model of the capacitive equipment is obtained by testing the high-frequency characteristics of the capacitive equipment (sleeve, CT and the like), and then the power grid voltage and the higher harmonic thereof can be obtained by adopting a reconstruction algorithm based on the high-frequency equivalent model and the leakage current of the capacitive equipment under the action of the voltage to be tested. The method can completely overcome the defect that the traditional integrating circuit does not consider the high-frequency model of the capacitive equipment, and simultaneously avoid the precision problem of other measuring modes. The equivalent circuit model of the capacitive equipment is established, and circuit parameters and a current-voltage transfer function are extracted, so that the power grid voltage is reversely deduced. By analyzing the dielectric spectrum characteristics of the capacitive equipment and establishing an equivalent model of the capacitive equipment, the dielectric characteristics of the capacitive equipment within 10-10 kHz can be described more accurately, and the measurement accuracy of the harmonic voltage of the power grid is improved by improving the current-voltage transfer function.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a power grid higher harmonic voltage detection method comprises the following steps:
(1) Acquiring a dielectric spectrum curve of the capacitive equipment through the frequency domain dielectric spectrum equipment, and acquiring an equivalent circuit model and parameters of the capacitive equipment through the dielectric spectrum curve;
(2) Constructing a leakage current-circuit model and a transfer function of parameter-voltage;
(3) The accurate measurement of the harmonic voltage of the power grid is realized by adopting a reconstruction algorithm through the leakage current obtained by measurement and a circuit model and parameters established through a dielectric spectrum curve.
Optionally, the capacitive device is equivalently connected with a capacitor in parallel under the power frequency voltage of 50Hz, the equivalent geometric capacitance is C, the equivalent resistance is R, under the action of the voltage U, the capacitive device flows through resistive current in phase with the voltage U and capacitive current I C,IR advanced by 90 degrees, and in practice, the included angle between the resistive current and the capacitive current I C,IR is smaller than 90 degrees;
If it is Is the power factor angle of the capacitive device, δ is the dielectric loss angle, tan δ is the dielectric loss factor, then:
IR＝U/R
Ic＝ωCU
tanδ＝IR/Ic＝1/ωRC
the degree of dielectric loss is related to the ratio of active and reactive components, defined by the dielectric loss factor, and to the nature of the insulating material itself; the smaller the dielectric loss tangent, the better the insulation performance of the device.
Optionally, the voltage of the power grid is U, and the current flowing through an equivalent model equivalent circuit of the capacitive device is I;
the equivalent conductance of the model is obtained as follows:
For a voltage with frequency f k, the transfer function corresponding to its equivalent model is expressed as:
after the voltages of all frequencies are obtained, the total voltages of the equivalent model are obtained by superposition:
optionally, the power supply in the power grid is a combination of a fundamental wave with an effective value of 110kV and various frequency harmonics, and the accuracy of an algorithm is verified;
The fundamental wave is overlapped with 10% of 3 rd order harmonics, and voltages are respectively overlapped with 10% of 2-5 th order harmonics, 5% of 6-9 th order harmonics and more than 2% of 10 th order harmonics;
At simulation time t=0.04 s, sampling frequency f=200 kHz; to evaluate the fitting of the reconstructed waveform to the reconstructed waveform, for a certain voltage data point: the fundamental and relative errors are defined as:
the overall error of the simulation voltage waveform and the algorithm reconstruction waveform is defined as follows:
Where N is the number of discrete points in the simulation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) Accurate measurement of voltage higher harmonics can be realized: by analyzing the high-frequency equivalent model of the capacitive device, accurate measurement of the higher harmonic voltage based on the leakage current of the capacitive device can be realized;
(2) The cost is low: the measurement of the high-voltage harmonic of the power grid can be realized without adding high-voltage equipment;
(3) The operation is convenient: by measuring the leakage current of the capacitive device, accurate measurement of the higher harmonics can be achieved through an algorithm.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the specification.
Drawings
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in the following preferred detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the capacitive device current phase relationship;
FIG. 3 is a complex real-capacitance curve and a complex imaginary-capacitance curve;
FIG. 4 is a broadband equivalent model of a capacitive device.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic idea of the present invention by way of illustration, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are shown in schematic, non-physical, and not intended to limit the invention; for the purpose of better illustrating embodiments of the invention, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the size of the actual product; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numbers in the drawings of embodiments of the invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., that indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but not for indicating or suggesting that the referred device or element must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, so that the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are merely for exemplary illustration and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that the specific meaning of the above terms may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
A method for detecting harmonic voltage of a power grid based on high frequency of capacitive equipment comprises the steps as shown in figure 1:
(1) And obtaining a dielectric spectrum curve of the capacitive device through the frequency domain dielectric spectrum device, and obtaining an equivalent circuit model and parameters of the capacitive device through the dielectric spectrum curve.
(2) Constructing a leakage current-circuit model and a transfer function of parameter-voltage;
(3) The accurate measurement of the harmonic voltage of the power grid is realized by adopting a reconstruction algorithm through the leakage current obtained by measurement and a circuit model and parameters established through a dielectric spectrum curve.
There are various kinds of capacitive electrical equipment in the power grid, the capacitive equipment is a device with a capacitor as a main insulation structure, and nearly half of the equipment in the power system is the capacitive equipment. Coupling capacitors, high voltage bushings, CVT, etc. are typical capacitive devices in electrical power systems, and although capacitive features are a major feature of capacitive devices, their leakage current composition is also affected by other factors.
As shown in fig. 2, at a power frequency voltage of 50Hz, the capacitive device may be equivalently connected in parallel with a resistor and a capacitor, the equivalent geometric capacitance of the capacitive device is C, the equivalent resistance of the capacitive device is R, and under the action of the voltage U, the capacitive device flows a resistive current in phase with the voltage U and a capacitive current I C advanced by 90 ° with respect to the voltage U, because of the existence of I R, the included angle between the resistive current and the capacitive current I C is smaller than 90 °.
If it isIs the power factor angle of the capacitive device, δ is the dielectric loss angle, tan δ is the dielectric loss factor, then:
IR＝U/R
Ic＝ωCU
tanδ＝IR/Ic＝1/ωRC
The degree of dielectric loss is related to the ratio of the active and reactive components, which can be defined by the dielectric loss tangent, which is related to the nature of the insulating material itself. The smaller the dielectric loss tangent, the better the insulation performance of the device.
If the voltage contains a large number of harmonics and contains voltage components with different frequencies, the equivalent model at 50Hz power frequency cannot reflect the dielectric characteristics of the capacitive device insulating medium at the different voltage frequency components due to the relaxation characteristics of the capacitive device insulating medium. Therefore, a frequency domain dielectric spectrum device is introduced, and a high-frequency dielectric spectrum curve of the device, comprising a complex capacitance real part curve (1 mHz-10 kHz) and a complex capacitance imaginary part curve (1 mHz-10 kHz), is obtained through experiments, as shown in figure 3.
As shown in fig. 4, a model of 6 polarization branches is selected as an equivalent circuit model of the capacitive device, and assuming that the grid voltage is U, the current flowing through an equivalent circuit of the equivalent model of the capacitive device is I.
The equivalent conductance of the model can be obtained as follows:
For a voltage with frequency f k, the transfer function corresponding to its equivalent model can be expressed as:
after the voltages of all frequencies are obtained, the voltages are overlapped to obtain the total voltage of the equivalent model, wherein the total voltage is as follows:
test data:
And setting the power supply as a combination of a fundamental wave with an effective value of 110kV and various frequency harmonics, and verifying the accuracy of an algorithm. Taking the example of stacking 10% of 3 harmonics of the fundamental wave, voltages are stacked by 10% of 2-5 harmonics, 5% of 6-9 harmonics, and 2% or more of 10 harmonics, respectively.
If the voltage at two ends of the simulation medium-value model and the voltage waveform obtained by reconstructing the total current of the model by using the algorithm are plotted in one coordinate axis, the difference between the reconstruction algorithm and the true value can be intuitively seen. At the simulation time t=0.04 s, the sampling frequency f=200 kHz. To evaluate the fitting of the reconstructed waveform to the reconstructed waveform, for a certain voltage data point: the fundamental and relative errors are defined as:
the overall error of the simulation voltage waveform and the algorithm reconstruction waveform is defined as follows:
wherein N is the number of discrete points in the simulation, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 n harmonic fold-enhancement algorithm results
It can be summarized from table 1 that the algorithm has higher accuracy in both fundamental wave amplitude extraction and harmonic wave amplitude extraction, the error of the fundamental wave is not more than 2%, and the N-order harmonic wave extraction error is less than 1.3%. The overall error delta gamma can reflect the overall phase error of the waveform, and the overall error delta gamma is not more than 0.315%, so that the algorithm has better accuracy on the reconstruction of the voltage waveform.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A power grid higher harmonic voltage detection method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Acquiring a dielectric spectrum curve of the capacitive equipment through the frequency domain dielectric spectrum equipment, and acquiring an equivalent circuit model and parameters of the capacitive equipment through the dielectric spectrum curve;
(2) Constructing a leakage current-equivalent circuit model and a transfer function of parameters-voltages;
(3) The accurate measurement of the harmonic voltage of the power grid is realized by adopting a reconstruction algorithm through measuring the obtained leakage current and an equivalent circuit model and parameters established through a dielectric spectrum curve;
the voltage of the power grid is U, and the current flowing through an equivalent circuit model equivalent circuit of the capacitive device is I;
the equivalent conductance of the equivalent circuit model is obtained as follows:
For a voltage with frequency f k, the transfer function corresponding to the equivalent circuit model is expressed as:
After the voltages with n frequencies are obtained, the total voltage of the equivalent circuit model is obtained by superposition:
2. The method for detecting the harmonic voltage of the power grid according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the capacitive equipment is equivalent to parallel connection of a resistor and a capacitor under the power frequency voltage of 50Hz, the equivalent geometric capacitor is C, the equivalent resistor is R, under the action of the voltage U, the capacitive equipment flows through resistive current I R which is in phase with the voltage U and capacitive current I C which leads the voltage by 90 degrees, and the included angle between the resistive current I R and the capacitive current I C is smaller than 90 degrees in practice;
if δ is the dielectric loss angle and tan δ is the dielectric loss tangent, then:
IR＝U/R
Ic＝ωCU
tanδ＝IR/Ic＝1/ωRC
the degree of dielectric loss is related to the ratio of active and reactive components, defined by the dielectric loss factor, and to the nature of the insulating material itself; the smaller the dielectric loss tangent, the better the insulation performance of the device.
3. The method for detecting the harmonic voltage of the power grid according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the power supply in the power grid is the combination of fundamental waves with the effective value of 110kV and various frequency harmonics, and the accuracy of an algorithm is verified;
The fundamental wave is overlapped with 10% of 3 rd order harmonics, and voltages are respectively overlapped with 10% of 2-5 th order harmonics, 5% of 6-9 th order harmonics and more than 2% of 10 th order harmonics;
At simulation time t=0.04 s, sampling frequency f=200 kHz; to evaluate the fitting of the reconstructed waveform to the reconstructed waveform, for a certain voltage data point: the fundamental and relative errors are defined as:
the overall error of the simulation voltage waveform and the algorithm reconstruction waveform is defined as follows:
Where N is the number of discrete points in the simulation.
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