CN113985215A - Power grid higher harmonic voltage detection method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for detecting higher harmonic voltage of a power grid, and belongs to the technical field of power grids. The method comprises the following steps: (1) acquiring a dielectric spectrum curve of the capacitive equipment through the frequency domain dielectric spectrum equipment, and acquiring an equivalent circuit model and parameters of the capacitive equipment through the dielectric spectrum curve; (2) constructing a leakage current-circuit model and a parameter-voltage transfer function; (3) accurate measurement of harmonic voltage of the power grid is achieved through the leakage current obtained through measurement, a circuit model and parameters established through a dielectric spectrum curve and a reconstruction algorithm. The invention can realize accurate measurement of voltage higher harmonic: by analyzing a high-frequency equivalent model of the capacitive equipment, the accurate measurement of the higher harmonic voltage based on the leakage current of the capacitive equipment can be realized; the cost is low: the measurement of the high-voltage harmonic wave of the power grid can be realized without adding high-voltage equipment; the operation is convenient: by measuring the leakage current of the capacitive equipment, the accurate measurement of the higher harmonic can be realized through an algorithm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power grids, and relates to a method for detecting higher harmonic voltage of a power grid.
Background
The current common method for measuring harmonic voltage of a high-voltage power grid is obtained by a secondary side of a voltage transformer. Voltage transformers are mainly classified into an electromagnetic (IVT) transformer and a Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT), and because of the frequency characteristics of the core material of the IVT and the limitations of the CVT principle and material, the IVT and CVT cannot accurately measure higher harmonics.
The high-voltage divider can be used for measuring accurate higher harmonic voltage, but the divider is not suitable for field application due to no electric isolation. And high-voltage equipment is required to be added independently or a site is reserved on site for installing the voltage divider.
In the existing research, a leakage current signal of a capacitive device is obtained, and an integrating circuit is adopted to integrate the current signal so as to obtain a harmonic voltage. The method can extract more accurate harmonic voltage under the condition of low frequency, but under the condition of high frequency, because the frequency characteristic of a capacitive equipment model is not considered, the fitting degree of an analog integrating circuit is obviously insufficient.
There are many methods about harmonic voltage at home and abroad, for example, the method for detecting harmonic by adopting an analog filter hardware circuit has a direct-viewing principle and low cost, but the measurement precision depends on the element parameters of the filter; the harmonic detection method based on the neural network theory provides an artificial neural network harmonic analysis method based on a fixed triangular basis function, and a new model is more visual and has high convergence speed. However, the time for constructing the neural network is required for training samples, the construction method of the neural network lacks uniform specifications, and the number of training samples is huge; the harmonic detection method based on wavelet analysis can not meet the requirement of a single harmonic detection method, so that the method is a method for extracting more accurate and reasonable by integrating the advantages of several harmonic detection methods.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a method for detecting a harmonic voltage of a power grid. The method comprises the steps of obtaining a high-frequency equivalent model of the capacitive equipment by testing the high-frequency characteristics of the capacitive equipment (such as a sleeve and a CT), and then obtaining the voltage of a power grid and higher harmonics thereof by adopting a reconstruction algorithm based on the high-frequency equivalent model and leakage current of the capacitive equipment under the action of the voltage to be tested. The method can completely overcome the defect that the traditional integrating circuit does not consider a high-frequency model of capacitive equipment, and simultaneously avoid the precision problem of other measuring modes. The equivalent circuit model of the capacitive equipment is established, and the circuit parameters and the current-voltage transfer function are extracted, so that the voltage of the power grid is reversely deduced. The dielectric spectrum characteristic of the capacitive equipment is analyzed, an equivalent model of the capacitive equipment is established, the dielectric characteristic of the capacitive equipment within 10-10 kHz can be described more accurately, and the measurement precision of the harmonic voltage of the power grid is improved by improving a current-voltage transfer function.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for detecting the voltage of higher harmonic waves of a power grid comprises the following steps:
(1) acquiring a dielectric spectrum curve of the capacitive equipment through the frequency domain dielectric spectrum equipment, and acquiring an equivalent circuit model and parameters of the capacitive equipment through the dielectric spectrum curve;
(2) constructing a leakage current-circuit model and a parameter-voltage transfer function;
(3) accurate measurement of harmonic voltage of the power grid is achieved through the leakage current obtained through measurement, a circuit model and parameters established through a dielectric spectrum curve and a reconstruction algorithm.
Optionally, the capacitive device is equivalent to a parallel connection of a resistor and a capacitor under a 50Hz power frequency voltage, the equivalent geometric capacitor of the capacitive device is C, the equivalent resistor of the capacitive device is R, and under the action of a voltage U, a resistive current in phase with the voltage U and a capacitive current I leading by 90 degrees flow through the capacitive deviceC，IRActually, the included angle between the two is smaller than 90 degrees;
if it is
Is the power factor angle of the capacitive device, δ is the dielectric loss angle, tan δ is the dielectric loss factor,then:
IR＝U/R
Ic＝ωCU
tanδ＝IR/Ic＝1/ωRC
the dielectric loss degree is related to the ratio of the active component to the reactive component, is defined by a dielectric loss factor and is related to the property of the insulating material; the smaller the dielectric loss tangent, the better the insulation performance of the device.
Optionally, the voltage of the power grid is U, and the current flowing through the equivalent model equivalent circuit of the capacitive device is I;
the equivalent conductance of the model is obtained as follows:
for a frequency fkFor the voltage of (2), the transfer function corresponding to the equivalent model is expressed as:
after the voltage of each frequency is obtained, the voltage is superposed to obtain the total voltage of an equivalent model as follows:
optionally, the power supply in the power grid is a combination of fundamental waves with an effective value of 110kV and various frequency harmonics, so as to verify the accuracy of the algorithm;
superposing 10% of 3-order harmonic waves on fundamental waves, and superposing 10% of 2-5-order harmonic waves, 5% of 6-9-order harmonic waves and 2% of higher harmonic waves with the order of more than 10 on voltage respectively;
when the simulation time t is 0.04s, the sampling frequency f is 200 kHz; to evaluate the degree of fit of the reconstructed waveform to the reconstructed waveform, for a certain voltage data point: defining the fundamental and relative errors as:
defining the total error of the simulation voltage waveform and the algorithm reconstruction waveform as follows:
where N is the number of discrete points in the simulation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the accurate measurement of voltage higher harmonics can be realized: by analyzing a high-frequency equivalent model of the capacitive equipment, the accurate measurement of the higher harmonic voltage based on the leakage current of the capacitive equipment can be realized;
(2) the cost is low: the measurement of the high-voltage harmonic wave of the power grid can be realized without adding high-voltage equipment;
(3) the operation is convenient: by measuring the leakage current of the capacitive equipment, the accurate measurement of the higher harmonic can be realized through an algorithm.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Drawings
For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the current phase relationship of the capacitive device;
FIG. 3 is a plot of real complex capacitance and imaginary complex capacitance;
FIG. 4 is a broadband equivalence model of a capacitive device.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
A method for detecting the harmonic voltage of a power grid based on the high frequency of capacitive equipment comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
(1) and acquiring a dielectric spectrum curve of the capacitive equipment through the frequency domain dielectric spectrum equipment, and acquiring an equivalent circuit model and parameters of the capacitive equipment through the dielectric spectrum curve.
(2) Constructing a leakage current-circuit model and a parameter-voltage transfer function;
(3) accurate measurement of harmonic voltage of the power grid is achieved through the leakage current obtained through measurement, a circuit model and parameters established through a dielectric spectrum curve and a reconstruction algorithm.
There are many kinds of capacitive electric equipment in the electric network, the capacitive equipment is a device with capacitance as the main insulation structure, and nearly half of the equipment in the electric power system is capacitive equipment. Coupling capacitors, high voltage bushings, CVTs, etc. are typical capacitive devices in power systems, and although the capacitive characteristics are the main characteristics of capacitive devices, the leakage current composition is also affected by other factors.
As shown in fig. 2, under 50Hz power frequency voltage, the capacitive device can be equivalent to a parallel connection of a resistor and a capacitor, the equivalent geometric capacitance of the capacitive device is C, the equivalent resistor is R, and under the action of a voltage U, a resistive current in phase with the voltage U and a capacitive current I leading the voltage U by 90 ° flow through the capacitive deviceCDue to IRIn practice, the angle between them is less than 90 deg..
If it is
Is the power factor angle of the capacitive device, δ is the dielectric loss angle, tan δ is the dielectric loss factor, then:
IR＝U/R
Ic＝ωCU
tanδ＝IR/Ic＝1/ωRC
the degree of dielectric loss is related to the ratio of the real component to the reactive component, which can be defined by the dielectric loss factor, which is related to the properties of the insulation material itself. The smaller the dielectric loss tangent, the better the insulation performance of the device.
If the voltage contains a large number of harmonics and voltage components with different frequencies, the equivalent model under the power frequency of 50Hz cannot reflect the dielectric characteristics of the insulating medium of the capacitive equipment under the components with different voltage frequencies due to the relaxation characteristics of the insulating medium of the capacitive electrical equipment. Therefore, a frequency domain dielectric spectrum device is introduced, and high frequency dielectric spectrum curves of the device are obtained through experiments, wherein the high frequency dielectric spectrum curves comprise a complex capacitance real part curve (1 mHz-10 kHz) and a complex capacitance imaginary part curve (1 mHz-10 kHz), and are shown in FIG. 3.
As shown in fig. 4, a model of 6 polarization branches is selected as an equivalent circuit model of the capacitive device, and assuming that the grid voltage is U and the current flowing through the equivalent circuit of the equivalent model of the capacitive device is I.
The model equivalent conductance can be found to be:
for a frequency fkThe transfer function corresponding to the equivalent model of the voltage of (2) can be expressed as:
after the voltages of all frequencies are obtained, the voltages are superposed to obtain the total voltage of the equivalent model as follows:
test data:
and setting a power supply as a combination of fundamental waves with an effective value of 110kV and various frequency harmonics, and verifying the accuracy of the algorithm. For example, a fundamental wave is superimposed with 10% of 3 rd order harmonic, and 10% of 2 th to 5 th order harmonic, 5% of 6 th to 9 th order harmonic, and 2% of 10 th order harmonic or more are superimposed on the voltage.
If the voltage at two ends of the simulated medium-value model and the voltage waveform obtained by reconstructing the total current of the model by using the algorithm are plotted in one coordinate axis, the difference between the reconstruction algorithm and the true value can be visually seen. In the simulation time t is 0.04s, and the sampling frequency f is 200 kHz. To evaluate the degree of fit of the reconstructed waveform to the reconstructed waveform, for a certain voltage data point: defining the fundamental and relative errors as:
defining the total error of the simulation voltage waveform and the algorithm reconstruction waveform as follows:
where N is the number of discrete points in the simulation, and the test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Nth harmonic superposition reconstruction algorithm results
It can be summarized from table 1 that the algorithm has high accuracy for both fundamental amplitude extraction and harmonic amplitude extraction, the error of the fundamental is not more than 2%, and the extraction error of the nth harmonic is less than 1.3%. The overall error delta gamma can reflect the overall phase error of the waveform, and the overall error delta gamma does not exceed 0.315%, so that the algorithm has better accuracy for the reconstruction of the voltage waveform.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for detecting the higher harmonic voltage of a power grid is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) acquiring a dielectric spectrum curve of the capacitive equipment through the frequency domain dielectric spectrum equipment, and acquiring an equivalent circuit model and parameters of the capacitive equipment through the dielectric spectrum curve;
(2) constructing a leakage current-circuit model and a parameter-voltage transfer function;
(3) accurate measurement of harmonic voltage of the power grid is achieved through the leakage current obtained through measurement, a circuit model and parameters established through a dielectric spectrum curve and a reconstruction algorithm.
2. The method for detecting the higher harmonic voltage of the power grid according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the capacitive equipment is equivalent to the parallel connection of a resistor and a capacitor under the power frequency voltage of 50Hz, the equivalent geometric capacitor of the capacitive equipment is C, the equivalent resistor of the capacitive equipment is R, and under the action of the voltage U, the capacitive equipment flows through a resistive current which is in phase with the voltage U and a capacitive current I with the leading voltage of 90 degreesC，IRActually, the included angle between the two is smaller than 90 degrees;
if it is
Is the power factor angle of the capacitive device, δ is the dielectric loss angle, tan δ is the dielectric loss factor, then:
IR＝U/R
Ic＝ωCU
tanδ＝IR/Ic＝1/ωRC
the dielectric loss degree is related to the ratio of the active component to the reactive component, is defined by a dielectric loss factor and is related to the property of the insulating material; the smaller the dielectric loss tangent, the better the insulation performance of the device.
3. The method for detecting the higher harmonic voltage of the power grid according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the voltage of the power grid is U, and the current flowing through the equivalent model equivalent circuit of the capacitive equipment is I;
the equivalent conductance of the model is obtained as follows:
for a frequency fkFor the voltage of (2), the transfer function corresponding to the equivalent model is expressed as:
after the voltage of each frequency is obtained, the voltage is superposed to obtain the total voltage of an equivalent model as follows:
4. the method for detecting the higher harmonic voltage of the power grid according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the power supply in the power grid is a combination of fundamental waves with an effective value of 110kV and various frequency harmonics, and the accuracy of the algorithm is verified;
superposing 10% of 3-order harmonic waves on fundamental waves, and superposing 10% of 2-5-order harmonic waves, 5% of 6-9-order harmonic waves and 2% of higher harmonic waves with the order of more than 10 on voltage respectively;
when the simulation time t is 0.04s, the sampling frequency f is 200 kHz; to evaluate the degree of fit of the reconstructed waveform to the reconstructed waveform, for a certain voltage data point: defining the fundamental and relative errors as:
defining the total error of the simulation voltage waveform and the algorithm reconstruction waveform as follows:
where N is the number of discrete points in the simulation.
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