CN113979504B - Solar interface evaporator based on pine-tree-shaped bionic structure design - Google Patents
Solar interface evaporator based on pine-tree-shaped bionic structure design Download PDFInfo
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- CN113979504B CN113979504B CN202111612334.0A CN202111612334A CN113979504B CN 113979504 B CN113979504 B CN 113979504B CN 202111612334 A CN202111612334 A CN 202111612334A CN 113979504 B CN113979504 B CN 113979504B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/043—Details
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
Abstract
The utility model provides a solar energy interface evaporimeter based on pine shape bionic structure design, including bearing structure, step water delivery access structure and interface evaporation structure, step water delivery access structure supports on bearing structure, step water delivery access structure's downside setting in bearing structure's below and with the water source contact of treating, the upside sets up and installs interface evaporation structure in bearing structure's top and on it, step water delivery access structure is including the multistage water delivery structure of intercommunication each other, every grade water delivery structure from the bottom up diameter reduces step by step, interface evaporation structure includes the multilayer evaporating dish, the area from the bottom up of multilayer evaporating dish reduces in proper order, the evaporating dish corresponds respectively according to the area from big to small and installs on the water delivery structure of diameter from big to small, evaporating dish and water delivery structure intercommunication. According to the invention, the interface evaporation structures of a plurality of double-layer disks and the step water delivery channel structure of the multi-stage cylindrical structure are matched, so that the step transportation and evaporation of water are realized, and the efficient solar interface evaporation is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar energy utilization, and particularly relates to a solar interface evaporator designed based on a pine-tree-shaped bionic structure.
Background
The energy problem and the water resource problem are two important problems in the world. In terms of water resources, the fresh water resources on the earth are very few, and the fresh water resources only account for 3 percent of the total amount of the earth water, wherein 2/3 is fresh water which cannot be utilized by human beings, such as glaciers, deep groundwater and the like. The fresh water resource is not much, and the fresh water resource is deficient under the influence of continuous expansion of modern industry and continuous development of urbanization.
Sea water desalination and sewage treatment are two main methods for obtaining fresh water resources, and are technologies and processes for removing salt from sea water or sewage to obtain fresh water. The conventional treatment technology usually needs to consume high-grade heat energy or electric energy to drive a system to produce fresh water, and has the problems of high energy consumption, high operation cost and the like, so that the traditional seawater desalination and sewage treatment engineering is highly dependent on large-scale power station facilities, and the productivity and distribution places are limited. For this reason, new sea water desalination and sewage treatment technologies, such as solar-driven interfacial evaporation, have been proposed, which combine renewable energy with sea water desalination and sewage treatment.
The interface evaporation technology is a novel solar heat-driven seawater desalination and sewage treatment technology, and the existing technology mainly has the problems of low photothermal conversion efficiency and low evaporation rate, so that how to realize high evaporation efficiency is of great importance to the interface evaporation technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The solar interface evaporator is designed based on the pine-tree-shaped bionic structure, and solves the defects of the prior art, and the solar interface evaporator is provided, which can match the evaporation capacity of the evaporation disc with the water conveying capacity of the water conveying structure, and ensure the balance of water evaporation and water conveying on each stage of evaporation disc and water conveying structure, thereby improving the evaporation efficiency.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention firstly provides a solar interface evaporator designed based on a pine-tree-shaped bionic structure, which comprises a supporting structure, a step water delivery channel structure and an interface evaporation structure, the step water delivery channel structure is supported on the supporting structure, the step water delivery channel structure passes through the supporting structure, the lower side of the step water delivery channel structure is arranged below the supporting structure and is contacted with a water source to be treated, the upper side of the step water delivery channel structure is arranged above the supporting structure, and an interface evaporation structure is arranged on the step water delivery channel structure, the step water delivery passage structure comprises a plurality of stages of water delivery structures which are communicated with each other, the diameter of each stage of water delivery structure is gradually reduced from bottom to top, the interface evaporation structure comprises a plurality of layers of evaporation trays, the areas of the plurality of layers of evaporation trays are reduced from bottom to top in sequence, the evaporation pan is correspondingly arranged on the water conveying structures with the diameters from large to small according to the area from large to small, and the evaporation pan is communicated with the water conveying structures.
Adopt above-mentioned structure, the area of a plurality of evaporating dish is supreme reducing in proper order down, thereby improve the utilization ratio of sunshine, multistage water delivery structure is followed supreme diameter down and is reduced step by step, can realize the step of water yield and transport, simultaneously with the water delivery structure phase-match of the evaporating dish of different areas and different diameters, the big water delivery structure of diameter is joined in marriage to the evaporating dish that the diameter is big, the little water delivery structure of diameter is joined in marriage to the evaporating dish that the diameter is little, guarantee the water yield of gathering on the evaporating dish like this and the heat phase-match of gathering on the evaporating dish, prevent that the water yield from too much causing the evaporating dish cooling, on the one hand through improving the sunshine utilization ratio, improve the surperficial highest temperature of evaporating dish, on the other hand, cooperation through transport structure, keep the temperature of evaporating dish not too fast the reduction, thereby improve the evaporation rate of water greatly and the utilization ratio of solar energy.
In this embodiment, the evaporation pan includes an evaporation layer and a water supply layer, the size of water supply layer and evaporation layer matches, the water supply layer is installed in the downside of evaporation layer laminating. Therefore, the upper side surface of the evaporation layer absorbs sunlight to increase the temperature, and the lower side surface of the evaporation layer is in close contact with the water supply layer to evaporate water in the water supply layer, so that the evaporation rate is increased.
In the present embodiment, the evaporation layer is made of a material having a solar absorption rate of more than 90%, such as carbonized wood, carbonized coconut shell fiber, and the like, porous graphite material, and the like.
In this embodiment, the support structure floats on or is supported on the water surface. The device can float on the water surface or be supported on a container or a normal structure through the supporting structure according to different conditions of use, and only the water delivery structure can absorb water when being contacted with the water.
In this embodiment, the support structure is made of a material having a density of less than 1000 kg/m3And a thermal insulation material having a thermal conductivity of less than 0.5W/(m.K), such as balsa wood, polyethylene foam, polyurethane foam, etc.
The supporting area and the supporting force of the supporting structure ensure that the supporting structure can float on the water surface to ensure that the step water delivery channel structure and the interface evaporation structure are not inclined or collapsed, and simultaneously, the heat of the evaporation layer can be prevented from being transferred into the water.
In this embodiment, the water delivery structure and the water supply layer are made of hydrophilic materials, such as coconut shell fiber, hydrophilic non-woven fabric, balsa wood, etc. The water conveying structure and the water supply layer can realize the conveying of water from bottom to top by utilizing the capillary phenomenon.
In this embodiment, the depth of the lower side of the stepped water delivery passage structure submerged in water is greater than 5 mm.
In this embodiment, the diameter of the evaporation pan is larger than the diameter of the corresponding water delivery structure, and each layer of evaporation pan is installed at the joint of the adjacent water delivery structures.
Due to the adoption of the structure, the device abandons the condition that the water transport capacity of the traditional solar interface evaporator is greater than the evaporation capacity of the evaporation structure, and prevents the problems that water is accumulated in the evaporation structure, the temperature of the evaporation structure is reduced, and the evaporation rate of the water and the photo-thermal conversion efficiency of the evaporator are further reduced. According to the invention, the multiple evaporation trays with the areas sequentially reduced from bottom to top and the multi-stage water delivery structure with the diameters gradually reduced from bottom to top are matched, so that the evaporation capacity of the evaporation trays is matched with the water delivery capacity of the water delivery structure, and the balance of water evaporation and delivery on each stage of evaporation tray and water delivery structure is ensured, so that water cannot be accumulated in the evaporation trays, the excessive heat loss of the evaporation trays is avoided, and further the surface temperature of the interface evaporation structure can be improved, the evaporation of water is promoted, and the photo-thermal conversion efficiency is improved.
In conclusion, the invention has simple structure, easy manufacture and low material cost, and the cooperation of the evaporation disc structure with a plurality of layers and the water delivery structures with different diameters ensures that the water delivery is matched with the evaporation heat, thereby improving the evaporation efficiency and being widely applied to the technologies of seawater desalination, sewage treatment and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an absorbance curve of an evaporation layer of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the evaporation rates of example 1 of the present invention and comparative example 1;
FIG. 4 is a surface temperature distribution diagram of example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a surface temperature distribution diagram of comparative example 1 of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a support structure; 2. a step water delivery passage structure; 3. an interfacial evaporation structure; 4. an evaporation layer; 5. a water supply layer; 6. light.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination of technical solutions should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a solar interface evaporator designed based on a pine-tree-shaped bionic structure, which comprises a support structure 1, a step water delivery channel structure 2 and an interface evaporation structure 3, wherein the support structure 1 can float on the water surface, also can be supported on the water surface or a position close to the water surface, and the support structure 1 can float on the water surface with the density lower than 1000 kg/m3The support structure 1 is made of a heat insulation material with a heat conductivity coefficient lower than 0.5W/(m.K), and heat of an evaporation layer is prevented from being transferred into water, in the embodiment, the thickness of the support structure 1 is 5mm-50mm, through holes penetrating through the support structure 1 are formed in the support structure, the step water delivery channel structure 2 comprises communicated multi-stage water delivery structures, the diameters of the multi-stage water delivery structures are gradually reduced from bottom to top, the water delivery structure at the lowest end penetrates through the through holes in the support structure 1 and is immersed into the water, and the height of each stage of water delivery structure is 5mm-50mm,
the interface evaporation structure 3 comprises a plurality of layers of evaporation trays, the areas of the plurality of layers of evaporation trays are sequentially reduced from bottom to top, the plurality of layers of evaporation trays correspond to the plurality of stages of water delivery structures one by one, each layer of evaporation tray is arranged at the joint of two adjacent water delivery structures, the diameter of each evaporation tray is larger than that of the corresponding water delivery structure,
the evaporation tray comprises an upper evaporation layer 4 and a lower water supply layer 5, the water supply layer 5 is communicated with a water conveying structure, the evaporation layer 4 is made of a material with high sunlight absorption rate, and the water conveying structure and the water supply layer 5 are both made of hydrophilic materials.
In this embodiment, through the cooperation setting of a plurality of evaporating dish that the area reduces in proper order from supreme down and the multistage water delivery structure that the supreme diameter reduces step by step from down, can realize that the step of water transports to make interface evaporation structure 3's surface temperature distribution more even, and improve interface evaporation structure 3's surface highest temperature, thereby more be favorable to improving the evaporation rate to water and the utilization ratio to solar energy.
Example 1:
in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the support structure 1 is made of a light foam in the form of a plate having a thickness of 20 mm; the step water delivery channel structure 2 is made of coconut fiber with good hydrophilicity, the diameters of the three-stage water delivery structures are respectively 5mm, 10mm and 15mm from top to bottom, and the heights of the three water delivery structures are respectively 15mm, 15mm and 50mm from top to bottom; the lowest water conveying structure penetrates through the supporting structure 1, and the bottom of the water conveying structure is submerged in water to a depth of 15 mm; the diameters of the three evaporation trays are respectively 20mm, 40mm and 60mm from top to bottom; the evaporation layer 4 is made of coconut shell fiber uniformly coated with carbon powder, and its light absorption curve is shown in FIG. 2 and is made of
The weighted average absorption rate of the evaporation layer 4 to the standard sunlight is 92.64%; (wherein, alpha is the weighted average absorption rate of the evaporation layer 4 to the standard sunlight, and the unit is;% alphaλAbsorbance in% for the corresponding wavelength; λ is wavelength in nm; AM1.5 Standard solar Lighting conditions, IAM1.5(λ) is the intensity of solar radiation corresponding to a wavelength λ under standard solar illumination, in W.m-2·nm-1. ) The water supply layer 5 is composed ofCoconut fiber with good hydrophilicity; a solar simulator is adopted, a curve of the evaporation capacity of water changing along with time is obtained after the water is directly irradiated under the condition of one time of sunlight intensity, and a surface temperature distribution diagram is shot at the same time, as shown in figure 4; further, as can be seen from fig. 3, when the time t is changed from 0 time to 0.9h, the mass (M) of water in the evaporator per unit area decreased from 0 time is M =1.45 kg/M2Therefore, the evaporation rate k for water under one-time direct sunlight intensity can be calculated by the following formula:
k=M/t=1.610 kg /(m2·h)
wherein M is the mass of water in the evaporator per unit area which decreases compared to time 0 and is in kg/M2(ii) a t is time in units of h.
Comparative example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, compared with the embodiment 1, the difference is only that the interface evaporation structure 3 is changed from a multilayer evaporation disk into a single-layer evaporation disk, the step water conveying channel structure 2 is also changed into a single water conveying structure, the diameter of the water conveying structure is 15mm, and the height of the water conveying structure is 50 mm; the diameter of the evaporation pan was 40 mm.
According to the method of example 1, M =1.218 kg/M is obtained from FIG. 32T =0.9h, the evaporation rate k for water of comparative example 1 is obtained, where k = M/t =1.353 kg/(M)2H) and comparing it with the evaporation rate of water of example 1; the surface index profile of comparative example 1 was also photographed, as shown in fig. 5.
Comparative example 2:
as shown in fig. 1, the difference from the embodiment 1 is only that the stepped water transport passage structure 2 is changed from a cylindrical water transport passage structure with a diameter decreasing from bottom to top to a cylindrical water transport passage structure with a constant diameter, which is 10mm in diameter.
According to the method of example 1, M =1.431 kg/M is obtained from FIG. 32T =0.9h, the evaporation rate k for water of comparative example 1 is obtained, where k = M/t =1.590 kg/(M)2H) and comparing it with the evaporation rate of water of example 1;
and (3) comparative analysis:
by photographing the obtained surface temperature profile of example 1, as shown in fig. 4, and photographing the surface temperature profile of comparative example 1, as shown in fig. 5, it can be known that the maximum temperature of example 1 is 47.1 ℃, the maximum temperature of comparative example 1 is 39.7 ℃, and it can be seen that the maximum temperature of example 1 is increased by 18.64% compared with the maximum temperature of comparative example 1, and example 1 can obtain a higher surface maximum temperature, which can effectively improve the solar energy utilization rate.
The evaporation rates of comparative examples 1 and 2 for water obtained by the method of example 1 are shown in the following table, and as can be seen from the following table, the evaporation rate of example 1 is 1.610 kg/(m)2H) the evaporation rate of comparative example 1 was 1.353 kg/(m)2H) the evaporation rate of comparative example 2 was 1.590 kg/(m)2H); the evaporation rate of example 1 was increased 18.99% compared to comparative example 1; compared with the comparative example 2, the evaporation rate of the embodiment 1 is improved by 1.2%, and the arrangement mode that the area of the interface evaporation structure is gradually increased from bottom to top and the step water delivery channel structure can enable the embodiment 1 to obtain higher evaporation rate, so that the solar energy utilization rate can be effectively improved.
The evaporation rates of comparative examples 1, 2 and 3 were obtained in the same manner as in example 1.
Compared with the traditional single-layer arrangement structure, the interface evaporation structure 3 can realize the high-efficiency evaporation of water, and can realize the cascade transportation of water, so that the evaporation capacity of the evaporation disc is matched with the transportation capacity of the water delivery structure to the water, the balance of water evaporation and transportation on each level of evaporation disc and water delivery structure is ensured, the water cannot be accumulated in the evaporation disc, the excessive heat loss of the evaporation disc cannot be caused, the surface temperature of the interface evaporation structure 3 can be improved, the evaporation of the water is promoted, and the photo-thermal conversion efficiency is improved; simple structure, low material cost, easy manufacture and can effectively improve the utilization rate of solar energy.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The solar interface evaporator based on the pine-shaped bionic structure design is characterized by comprising a supporting structure (1), a step water delivery channel structure (2) and an interface evaporation structure (3), wherein the step water delivery channel structure (2) is supported on the supporting structure (1), the step water delivery channel structure (2) penetrates through the supporting structure (1), the lower side of the step water delivery channel structure is arranged below the supporting structure (1) and is in contact with a water source to be treated, the upper side of the step water delivery channel structure is arranged above the supporting structure (1) and is provided with the interface evaporation structure (3), the step water delivery channel structure (2) comprises a plurality of stages of water delivery structures which are communicated with each other, the diameter of each stage of water delivery structure from bottom to top is gradually reduced, the interface evaporation structure (3) comprises a plurality of layers of evaporation trays, the areas of the plurality of layers of evaporation trays are sequentially reduced from bottom to top, the evaporation trays are respectively and correspondingly arranged on the water delivery structures with diameters arranged from top to bottom according to bottom in the order of the areas, the water supply layer (5) of the evaporation pan is in communication with the water delivery structure.
2. The solar interface evaporator designed based on the pine-tree-shaped bionic structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the evaporation tray comprises an evaporation layer (4) and a water supply layer (5), the size of the water supply layer (5) is matched with that of the evaporation layer (4), and the water supply layer (5) is attached to the lower side surface of the evaporation layer (4).
3. The solar interface evaporator designed on the basis of a pine-tree-shaped bionic structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the evaporation layer (4) is made of a material with a solar absorption rate of more than 90%.
4. The solar interface evaporator designed on the basis of a pine-tree-shaped biomimetic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the support structure (1) floats on the water surface or is supported on the water surface.
5. The solar interface evaporator designed on the basis of a pine-tree-shaped biomimetic structure according to claim 4, characterized in that the support structure (1) is made of a thermal insulation material with a density lower than 1000 kg/m3 and a thermal conductivity lower than 0.5W/(m-K).
6. The solar interface evaporator designed on the basis of a pine-tree shaped biomimetic structure according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the water transport structure and the water supply layer (5) are both made of hydrophilic material.
7. The solar interface evaporator designed on the basis of a pine-tree-shaped bionic structure as claimed in claim 6, wherein the depth of the underside of the stepped water transport channel structure (2) submerged in water is greater than 5 mm.
8. The pine-tree biomimetic structural design based solar interface evaporator according to claim 6, wherein the diameter of the evaporation pan is larger than the diameter of the corresponding water transport structure, and each layer of evaporation pan is installed at the junction of adjacent water transport structures.
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