CN113976911B - Point-by-point additive manufacturing equipment and manufacturing method - Google Patents
Point-by-point additive manufacturing equipment and manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113976911B CN113976911B CN202111239966.7A CN202111239966A CN113976911B CN 113976911 B CN113976911 B CN 113976911B CN 202111239966 A CN202111239966 A CN 202111239966A CN 113976911 B CN113976911 B CN 113976911B
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 294
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 192
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940098458 powder spray Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011858 nanopowder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004482 other powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
- B22F12/43—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam pulsed; frequency modulated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/53—Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and relates to point-by-point additive manufacturing equipment and a manufacturing method, wherein the point-by-point additive manufacturing equipment comprises a powder spraying device and a laser generator; the laser generated by the laser generator is time-lapse on the powder material sprayed by the powder spraying device; the laser generated by the laser generator is converged on the powder material sprayed by the powder spraying device; the powder spraying device is a piezoelectric pulse powder sprayer or a pneumatic pulse powder sprayer. The invention has the characteristics of good forming precision, diversified materials and capability of realizing accurate control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, relates to point-by-point additive manufacturing equipment and a manufacturing method, and particularly relates to point-by-point additive manufacturing equipment and a manufacturing method with controllable additive quality.
Background
Additive manufacturing techniques are based on three-dimensional CAD model data by adding layers of material. The method takes a computer three-dimensional design model as a blue book, and utilizes a software layered discrete and numerical control forming system to stack materials layer by utilizing high energy beams, and finally, the materials are overlapped and formed to manufacture a solid product.
The existing additive manufacturing technology can be divided into three types of additive manufacturing point by point, line by line and layer by layer; for line-by-line and layer-by-layer additive manufacturing techniques, such as SLM equipment and powder and wire additive manufacturing equipment, the following disadvantages tend to occur:
1) Manufacturing accuracy is not high, and micro-nano level manufacturing accuracy is difficult to realize;
2) By processing the same structure and material line by line and layer by layer, only the formation of a single material is often realized, the partition control is not easy to realize, and the material and precision control of a designated area cannot be realized;
aiming at the point-by-point additive manufacturing technology, in the field of metal manufacturing, a powder injection scheme of injecting or melting or semi-melting a mixture of a binder and metal powder is often adopted, and the two technical schemes have respective defects: the former has poor forming precision, the formed part has poor mechanical property, and engineering application is limited; the powder melting treatment is needed to be carried out on the powder in advance, the structure is complex, and the high-temperature resistant requirement on the powder supply device is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides point-by-point additive manufacturing equipment and a manufacturing method which have good forming precision and diversified materials and can realize accurate control.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a point-by-point additive manufacturing apparatus, characterized in that: the point-by-point additive manufacturing equipment comprises a powder spraying device and a laser generator; the laser generated by the laser generator is time-lapse on the powder material sprayed by the powder spraying device; the laser generated by the laser generator is converged on the powder material sprayed by the powder spraying device.
The powder spraying device is a piezoelectric pulse powder sprayer or a pneumatic pulse powder sprayer.
The point-by-point additive manufacturing equipment further comprises a powder spraying controller; the powder spraying controller controls the powder spraying device to spray powder materials; the number of the powder spraying devices is N, and the number of the powder spraying controllers is M; wherein M and N are integers greater than or equal to 1, and M is less than or equal to N; one of the powder spray controllers controls one or more of the powder spray devices to spray powder material.
When the number of the powder spraying devices is more than 1, the powder spraying devices are arranged linearly or circularly.
The laser generator is a pulse laser generator.
The point-by-point additive manufacturing equipment further comprises a laser controller, wherein the laser controller controls the laser generator to generate laser; the number of the laser generators is A; the number of the laser controllers is B; the A and the B are integers which are more than or equal to 1; b is less than or equal to A; one of the laser controllers controls one or more of the laser generators to generate laser light.
The particle size of the powder material is micro-scale and/or nano-scale.
The powder material is metal powder, and the metal powder is titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, high-temperature alloy, stainless steel, high-strength steel or die steel.
A point-by-point additive manufacturing method based on a point-by-point additive manufacturing apparatus as described above, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Spraying powder material to the forming surface through a powder spraying device;
2) Emitting laser light by a laser generator to the forming surface to which the powder material is attached, the laser light being time-lapse to the powder material and finally converging on the powder material on the forming surface;
3) And sequentially melting powder materials at different points to finish point-by-point manufacturing, and finally forming the part.
The powder spraying device sprays powder materials on the forming surface in a pulse mode; the laser generator emits laser light in a pulse manner to a forming surface to which the powder material is attached; the particle size of the powder material is micro-scale and/or nano-scale.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention provides a point-by-point additive manufacturing device and a point-by-point additive manufacturing method based on the same. The point-by-point additive manufacturing equipment and the point-by-point additive manufacturing method based on the equipment solve the problems that the existing additive manufacturing method is poor in forming precision, single in material, incapable of realizing material and precision control of a designated area and the like, and can improve manufacturing precision due to the adoption of micro-nano powder; the material control point by point can be realized, and the fine manufacturing of multiple materials can be realized; the pulse powder spraying device and the pulse laser are adopted, so that the point-by-point controllability is strong, and the forming quality can be improved; the structure of the traditional point-by-point additive manufacturing equipment is simplified, the reliability of the equipment is improved, the cost of the equipment is reduced, and the method has good market popularization and use prospects.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation on the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic isometric view of a first embodiment of a point-by-point additive manufacturing apparatus provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a powder spraying and light emitting rule based on FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a laser control and powder injection control scheme based on FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic isometric view of a second embodiment of a point-by-point additive manufacturing apparatus provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a front view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a powder injection and light extraction law based on FIG. 5;
in the figure:
1-a mounting plate; 2-a first powder injection controller; 3-a first powder spraying device; 4-a second powder spraying device; 5-a first laser; 6-a third powder spraying device; 7-a first laser controller; 8-a first powder; 9-a second laser; 10-a third laser; 11-a second laser controller; 12-a third laser controller; 13-a second powder; 14-a third powder; 15-a second powder injection controller; 16-a third powder spraying controller.
Detailed Description
The following will describe embodiments of the present invention in detail by referring to examples, so that the implementation process of how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects of the present invention can be fully understood and implemented.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a point-by-point additive manufacturing apparatus including a mounting plate 1, and a powder spraying part and a laser generating part provided on the mounting plate 1. The powder spraying component comprises a first powder spraying controller 2, a first powder spraying device 3, a second powder spraying device 4 and a third powder spraying device 6; the laser generating means comprises a first laser controller 7 and a laser generator connected to the first laser controller 7.
The first powder spraying device 3, the second powder spraying device 4 and the third powder spraying device 6 are arranged in a straight line and are sequentially arranged on one side of the laser generator. The first laser controller 7, the laser generator, and three powder spraying devices (the first powder spraying device 3, the second powder spraying device 4, and the third powder spraying device 6) are fixed on the mounting plate 1. The first powder spraying controller 2 is respectively connected with the first powder spraying device 3, the second powder spraying device 4 and the third powder spraying device 6 and controls different powder spraying devices to spray the first powder 8 on the forming surface, wherein the first powder 8 can be powder materials of the same material or powder materials of different materials, the first powder 8 can be exemplified by Al-12Si alloy powder, the particle size of the Al-12Si alloy powder is 100 nm-2000 nm, and the particle size of the Al-12Si alloy powder can be other powder materials, such as titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, high-temperature alloy, stainless steel, high-strength steel, die steel and other metal powder, and the particle sizes of the powder materials are not limited to nano-scale and 1-5 micron.
Under the control of a first laser controller 7, the laser generator generates first laser 5, the first laser 5 is time-lag on the powder material sprayed by the powder spraying device, and the first laser 5 is finally converged on first powder 8 sprayed by the first powder spraying device 3, the second powder spraying device 4 and/or the third powder spraying device 6 in sequence; the first laser 5 may be a pulsed laser. The advantage of the linear arrangement of the first powder spraying device 3, the second powder spraying device 4 and the third powder spraying device 6 is that a straight line can be formed and then combined with the movement direction to form a plane. In addition, the first powder spraying device 3, the second powder spraying device 4 and the third powder spraying device 6 can also be in annular arrangement, and the powder spraying device has the advantages that a plurality of powder spraying devices in a local area can spray powder to the position in an annular range, and the local forming efficiency is higher. Of course, the arrangement of the first powder spraying device 3, the second powder spraying device 4 and the third powder spraying device 6 may be of other types.
As shown in fig. 3, the correlation between the first laser light 5 generated by the laser generator and the first powder 8 sprayed by the powder spraying device is that: the first laser 5 delays the first powder 8 sprayed by the powder spraying device according to a set time lag, and the first powder 8 can be pulse powder spraying. For example, at the beginning of manufacture, the first powder 8 is sprayed onto the forming surface by the powder spraying device, the powder spraying time is 60us, after the powder spraying is finished, the first laser 5 is generated by the laser generator at intervals of 5us, the light emitting time is 50us, after the light emitting is finished, the first powder 8 is sprayed onto the forming surface by the powder spraying device at intervals of more than 5us, and the cycle is performed.
The pulse duration, the powder spraying flow and the sectional area shape and size of the first powder 8 sprayed by the first powder spraying device 3, the second powder spraying device 4 and/or the third powder spraying device 6 are adjustable and controllable under the control of the first powder spraying controller 2. The first, second and third powder spraying devices 3, 4 and 6 may be piezoelectric or pneumatic pulse powder spraying devices, or other types of powder spraying devices. In this embodiment, 3 powder spraying devices are used and arranged in a straight line, but of course, the number of the powder spraying devices may be one, two or more. In this embodiment, the powder spraying amount of each powder spraying device ranges from 0g/s to 5000ug/s, the cross section of the powder spraying opening is a circular cross section (certainly not limited to a circular cross section) with the diameter of 2mm, the powder spraying amount is determined by the shape of the formed part at the point, and the cross section of the powder spraying opening is determined by the mechanical property requirement of the formed part. Under the control of the first laser controller 7, the light emitting duration and energy of the first laser 5 are adjustable and controllable. In this embodiment, the wavelength of the first laser 5 is 1064nm (of course, other wavelength laser generators may be selected, for example, the wavelength range may be 300-1100 nm according to practical needs), the controllable power range is 50-500W (even greater power may be, for example, 100-10000W), the spot diameter is 4000um (different spot diameters may be generated according to different lasers, the spot diameter range is 10 um-8000 um), the controllable scanning speed range is 275 mm/s-500 mm/s, and the controllable scanning speed is inversely proportional to the powder spraying amount.
The laser generator and the powder spraying device are controlled in the manner shown in fig. 4. The industrial personal computer is connected with the first laser controller 7 through a network port or a control signal line; the optical galvanometer control card is connected with the first laser controller 7 through a network port or a control signal line, a control instruction can be sent to the optical galvanometer control card by the industrial personal computer, and the control instruction is sent to the first laser controller 7 through the optical galvanometer control card; or the control command can be directly sent to the first laser controller 7 by the industrial personal computer, and in any mode, the first laser controller 7 finally controls the laser generator to finally form the first laser 5. The first powder spraying device 3, the second powder spraying device 4 and the third powder spraying device 6 can all adopt piezoelectric pulse powder sprayers, and the control mode is shown in fig. 4: the industrial personal computer is respectively connected with the first powder spraying device 3, the second powder spraying device 4 and the third powder spraying device 6 through network ports, and control instructions can be respectively sent to the first powder spraying device 3, the second powder spraying device 4 and the third powder spraying device 6 by the industrial personal computer.
In the forming process, the mounting plate 1 moves along the arrow direction shown in fig. 1 together with the parts mounted on the mounting plate, under the control of the first powder spraying controller 2, the first powder spraying device 3, the second powder spraying device 4 and the third powder spraying device 6 respectively perform pulse powder spraying, and the powder spraying rules of the three powder spraying devices are consistent, so that the material adding speed is improved, as shown in fig. 3. Of course, in some embodiments, the powder spraying rules of the three powder spraying devices may be inconsistent, and different powder spraying rules may be set according to the shapes of the parts.
Under the action of the first laser controller 7, the laser generator emits light in a pulse mode according to the rule shown in fig. 3 to form first laser 5, and sequentially melts metal powder at different points to finish point-by-point manufacturing. When one of the layers has been manufactured, the mounting plate 1 with the components mounted thereon can be moved in the normal direction of the manufacturing plane, moved a distance and then stopped, and then manufactured point by point, and the above-described process is repeated until the manufacturing is completed.
Example 2
Unlike example 1, this example selects more laser generators and powder injection controllers to achieve more complex additive manufacturing, specifically:
as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the present invention provides a point-by-point additive manufacturing apparatus including a mounting plate 1, and a powder spraying part and a laser generating part provided on the mounting plate 1. The powder spraying component comprises a first powder spraying controller 2, a second powder spraying controller 15, a third powder spraying controller 16, a first powder spraying device 3, a second powder spraying device 4 and a third powder spraying device 6. The laser generating means comprises a first laser controller 7, a second laser controller 11, a third laser controller 12 and a laser generator connected to the first laser controller 7, the second laser controller 11 and the third laser controller 12, respectively. The number of the laser generators is multiple, and under the control of the first laser controller 7, the laser generators connected with the first laser controller 7 generate first laser 5; under the control of the second laser controller 11, a laser generator connected with the second laser controller 11 generates second laser light 9; under the control of the third laser controller 12, a laser generator connected to the third laser controller 12 generates the third laser light 10. The first powder spraying controller 2 is connected with the first powder spraying device 3 and controls the first powder spraying device 3 to spray the first powder 8 on the forming surface; the second powder spraying controller 15 is connected with the second powder spraying device 4 and controls the second powder spraying device 4 to spray the second powder 13 to the forming surface; a third powder injection controller 16 is connected to the third powder injection device 6 and controls the third powder injection device 6 to inject the third powder 14 toward the forming surface.
In this embodiment, the first powder 8, the second powder 13 and the third powder 14 may be made of the same material and have the same particle size, or may be made of the same material and have different particle sizes, different materials and different particle sizes. The first powder 8 may be, for example, an Al-12Si alloy powder having a particle size in the range of 100nm to 2000nm; the second powder 13 is copper alloy powder with the grain diameter range of 100 nm-1000 nm; the third powder 14 is a titanium alloy powder having a particle size in the range of 100nm to 800nm.
The parameters of the laser are set based on the properties of the powder. The wavelength of the first laser light 5 corresponding to the second powder 13 is 532nm, the laser power controllable range is 10W to 500W, the spot diameter is 40um, and the scanning controllable range speed is 100mm/s to 300mm/s. The wavelength of the second laser 9 corresponding to the first powder 8 is 1064nm, the controllable range of laser power is 50W-500W, the spot diameter is 120um, and the speed of the scanning controllable range is 275 mm/s-500 mm/s. The third laser beam corresponding to the third powder 14 has a wavelength of 10 from 1060 to 1070nm, a laser power controllable range of 100W to 1000W, a spot diameter of 80um, and a scanning controllable range speed of 50mm/s to 500mm/s.
The powder spraying amount and the section of the powder spraying device can be set according to the actual printing requirements of users. For example, the powder spraying amount of the first powder spraying device 3 can range from 0g/s to 5000ug/s, and the cross section of the powder spraying opening can be a circular cross section with the diameter of 2 mm; the powder spraying amount range of the second powder spraying device 4 can be 0 g/s-1000 ug/s, and the cross section of the powder spraying opening is a square cross section with the side length of 6 mm; the powder spraying amount range of the third powder spraying device 6 can be 0 g/s-2500 ug/s, and the cross section of the powder spraying opening is an equilateral triangle cross section with the side length of 4 mm.
Three laser controllers and three powder spraying devices are fixed on the mounting plate 1. The first laser controller 7, the second laser controller 11 and the third laser controller 12 are in a linear type and are sequentially arranged, the first laser controller 7, the second laser controller 11 and the third laser controller 12 respectively control the first laser 5, the second laser 9 and the third laser 10 with three different wavelengths, and output laser parameters including but not limited to light emitting pulse width, light emitting pulse frequency and energy can be independently controlled, and the control mode is consistent with that of the embodiment. For example, under the control of the second laser controller 11, the light emitting duration and the laser energy of the second laser 9 are adjustable, controllable and controlled; under the control of the first laser controller 7, the light emitting duration and the laser energy of the first laser 5 are adjustable and controllable; the duration of the light emission and the laser energy of the third laser 10 are adjustable and controllable under the control of the third laser controller 12.
The first powder spraying device 3, the second powder spraying device 4 and the third powder spraying device 6 are in a linear type and are sequentially arranged on the left side of laser, the first powder spraying device 3, the second powder spraying device 4 and the third powder spraying device 6 can spray different first powder 8, second powder 13 and third powder 14, and powder spraying parameters including but not limited to pulse type powder spraying pulse duration, powder spraying flow and sectional area shape and size can be independently controlled, and the control mode is consistent with that of the embodiment. For example, under the control of the first powder spraying controller 2, the pulse type powder spraying pulse duration and the powder spraying flow of the first powder spraying device 3 are adjustable and controllable; the pulse type powder spraying pulse duration and the powder spraying flow of the second powder spraying device 4 are adjustable and controllable under the control of the second powder spraying controller 15; the pulse type powder spraying pulse duration and the powder spraying flow of the third powder spraying device 6 are adjustable and controllable under the control of the third powder spraying controller 16.
As shown in fig. 7, in this embodiment, the emission of each of the powder spraying devices and the emission of each of the lasers are controlled independently of each other in time, wherein the emission of the second laser 9 and the emission of the first powder 8 are correlated, the emission of the first laser 5 and the emission of the second powder 13 are correlated, and the emission of the third laser 10 and the emission of the third powder 14 are correlated. For example, the second laser 9 delays pulse-type powder spraying of the powder spraying device according to a set time lag, powder is sprayed firstly at the beginning of manufacture, the powder spraying time is 60us, the interval is 5us after powder spraying is finished, the light emitting time is 50us, and the interval is more than 5us after light emitting is finished, and then powder is sprayed again, so that the cycle is performed; the first laser 5 is delayed from the pulse type powder spraying of the powder spraying device according to the set time lag, the powder spraying is performed firstly, the powder spraying time is 100us, the light is emitted again at intervals of 2.5us after the powder spraying is completed, the light emitting time is 100s, and the powder is sprayed again at intervals of more than 2.5us after the light emitting is completed, so that the cycle is performed; the third laser 10 is delayed from the pulse type powder spraying of the powder spraying device according to the set time lag, the powder spraying is performed firstly at the beginning of the manufacture, the powder spraying time is 30us, the light is emitted again at intervals of 5us after the powder spraying is finished, the light emitting time is 30s, and the powder spraying is performed again at intervals of more than 5us after the light emitting is finished, so that the cycle is performed.
In the forming process, the mounting plate 1 and parts mounted on the mounting plate are static, the formed parts can move in any direction in a three-dimensional space according to forming requirements, and under the control of the first powder spraying controller 2, the second powder spraying controller 15 and the third powder spraying controller 16, the first powder spraying device 3, the second powder spraying device 4 and the third powder spraying device 6 respectively perform pulse powder spraying, and each of the first powder spraying device, the second powder spraying device 4 and the third powder spraying device can be independently controlled; under the control of the first laser controller 7, the second laser controller 11 and the third laser controller 12, the first laser 5, the second laser 9 and the third laser 10 are respectively generated, the powder spraying and light emitting rules are as shown in fig. 7, metal powder at different points is respectively melted, the point-by-point manufacturing is completed, the molded part moves in a three-dimensional space, and the point-by-point manufacturing is repeated until the part manufacturing is completed.
Claims (10)
1. A point-by-point additive manufacturing apparatus, characterized in that: the point-by-point additive manufacturing equipment comprises a mounting plate, a powder spraying device and a laser generator, wherein the powder spraying device and the laser generator are arranged on the mounting plate; the laser generated by the laser generator is time-lapse on the powder material sprayed by the powder spraying device; the laser generated by the laser generator is converged on the powder material sprayed by the powder spraying device; the first interval time is spaced after the first preset time period of powder spraying of the powder spraying device, the second preset time is lighted by the laser generator, and the powder is sprayed by the powder spraying device after the second interval time is spaced, so that the cycle is performed.
2. The point-by-point additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the powder spraying device is a piezoelectric pulse powder sprayer or a pneumatic pulse powder sprayer.
3. The point-by-point additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the point-by-point additive manufacturing equipment further comprises a powder spraying controller; the powder spraying controller controls the powder spraying device to spray powder materials; the number of the powder spraying devices is N, and the number of the powder spraying controllers is M; wherein M and N are integers greater than or equal to 1, and M is less than or equal to N; one of the powder spray controllers controls one or more of the powder spray devices to spray powder material.
4. A point-by-point additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: when the number of the powder spraying devices is more than 1, the powder spraying devices are arranged linearly or circularly.
5. The point-by-point additive manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein: the laser generator is a pulsed laser generator.
6. The point-by-point additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the point-by-point additive manufacturing equipment further comprises a laser controller, wherein the laser controller controls a laser generator to generate laser; the number of the laser generators is A; the number of the laser controllers is B; the A and the B are integers which are more than or equal to 1; b is less than or equal to A; one of the laser controllers controls one or more of the laser generators to generate laser light.
7. The point-by-point additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 6, wherein: the particle size of the powder material is micro-scale and/or nano-scale.
8. The point-by-point additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the powder material is a metal powder.
9. A point-by-point additive manufacturing method based on the point-by-point additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 8, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Spraying powder material to the forming surface through a powder spraying device;
2) Emitting laser light by a laser generator to the forming surface to which the powder material is attached, the laser light being time-lapse to the powder material and finally converging on the powder material on the forming surface;
3) And sequentially melting powder materials at different points to finish point-by-point manufacturing, and finally forming the part.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein: the powder spraying device sprays powder materials on the forming surface in a pulse mode; the laser generator emits laser light in a pulse manner to a forming surface to which the powder material is attached; the particle size of the powder material is micro-scale and/or nano-scale.
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