CN113973978A - 一种能够有效降低游离棉酚含量的红枣棉粕发酵饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种能够有效降低游离棉酚含量的红枣棉粕发酵饲料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及饲料技术领域，具体涉及一种能够有效降低游离棉酚含量的红枣棉粕发酵饲料及其制备方法。所述饲料由以下原料组成：红枣5～15份，玉米5～15份，棉粕30份，同型发酵乳酸菌1～9×105cfu/g，枯草芽孢杆菌1～9×106cfu/g，水40～50份。本发明充分利用枣中可溶性碳水化合物高这一特性，结合同型发酵乳酸菌可利用可溶性碳水化合物快速产生乳酸和降低pH的特性，起到快速制作发酵饲料和长期保存的目的。并且，红枣中含有枣多糖、多酚等活性成分，饲喂动物后可提高机体免疫力。同时，这一发酵饲料中还含有乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌等益生菌，菌体及其代谢产物含有多种活性成分，可提升饲料原料的营养价值，改善消化道健康状况。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及饲料技术领域，具体为一种能够有效降低游离棉酚含量的红枣棉粕发酵饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
红枣营养丰富，含糖类、脂类、蛋白质、有机酸、维生素、氨基酸、黄酮类物质、皂甙、环腺苷酸、维生素、矿质元素等多种成分。红枣的含糖量非常高，每100克干枣含热量为1200多千焦，与小麦、大麦相近。红枣除含有大量糖分外，红枣还含有丰富的维生素C，及脂肪、纤维素、果酸、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素E、维生素P、铁、磷、钙等人体不可缺少的营养物质。红枣还含有维生素C，酚类，类黄酮，三萜酸和多糖等生物活性成分，具有如抗癌、抗炎、抗肥胖、免疫提升、抗氧化、保肝和胃肠保护等活性。
棉粕是棉籽经过压榨、浸提工艺去除油籽中大部分油脂，得到的一种微红或黄色的颗粒状物品，含粗蛋白量可达40％以上，是一种仅次于豆粕的优质蛋白饲料，是我国最主要的蛋白饲料种类之一。用棉粕替代豆粕是我国近年来畜禽养殖中主要倡导的新技术，然而棉粕中含有棉酚、环丙烯脂肪酸、单宁和植酸等抗营养因子，其中尤以游离棉酚含量较高。游离棉酚毒性较大，含量超过安全界限，将导致生长迟缓、繁殖障碍、中毒及死亡，限制了棉粕在猪、禽、幼畜和繁育畜中的应用。我国不同产区的棉粕产品中游离棉酚含量多数介于900～1200mg/kg之间。尽管通过脱酚工艺可部分降低游离棉酚含量，得到的棉籽蛋白中游离棉酚含量介于550～750mg/kg之间，脱酚工艺较佳的棉籽蛋白中游离棉酚含量介于250～400mg/kg，但仍不能长期大量饲喂繁育动物。并且，脱酚工艺增加了棉粕的成本，降低了养殖效益。因此，为了提高棉粕利用价值，需要高效低成本地降低棉粕中游离棉酚含量。
发明内容
本发明提供一种有效降低游离棉酚含量的红枣棉粕发酵饲料及其制备方法，其中的红枣主要来源于残次红枣，既可充分利用农副产品资源，也可充分利用红枣中枣多糖、黄酮等活性物质，还可降低棉粕中游离棉酚含量，提高饲料营养价值。并且，红枣糖分含量高，可增加适口性，促进采食；发酵饲料中富含乳酸菌和枯草芽孢杆菌，可改善畜禽消化道消化和代谢障碍问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：一种能够有效降低游离棉酚含量的红枣棉粕发酵饲料，所述红枣棉粕发酵饲料由以下重量份的原料组成：红枣5～20份，玉米5～20份，棉粕20～30份，水40～50份，同型发酵乳酸菌1～9×105cfu/g，枯草芽孢杆菌1～9×106cfu/g，所述红枣可为普通红枣或残次红枣，所述残次红枣包括结巴枣、落地枣和轻微霉变枣。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述红枣棉粕发酵饲料由以下重量份的原料组成：红枣10份，玉米10份，棉粕30份，水50份，植物乳杆菌1～2×105cfu/g，枯草芽孢杆菌1～2×106cfu/g。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点和效果：
1、本发明可用红枣次果为原料，利用其富含的可溶性碳水化合物快速降低发酵饲料pH，起到快速产生发酵饲料的目的；
2、本发明饲料可降低棉粕中游离棉酚含量达50％以上；
3、本发明饲料配比，蛋白含量达20％以上(干物质含量计)，可作为蛋白质补充料、浓缩料或精料补充料使用，可按20-50％的比例替代日粮中的精饲料，用于猪、禽、牛、羊、马、驴等畜禽，改善肠道健康和生长发育；
4、本发明饲料中还包含大量的乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、维生素C、枣多糖、黄酮等活性物质，具有益生活性，促进畜禽机体健康；
5、本发明饲料采用带单向排气阀的饲料袋制作，发酵胀袋后即可保持无氧状态，可长期保存。
本发明还提供了一种能够有效降低游离棉酚含量的红枣棉粕发酵饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、菌种活化，将菌种按接种量加入适量清水中，在37℃、90rad/min条件下培养30min，制得活化菌液；
S2、制备混合配料，将粉碎至细粒状的红枣次果与玉米、棉粕混合均匀后制得混合配料；
S3、加水混合，将S1步中的活化菌种按比例加入所需要的水中，将此液体加入到S2制得的混合配料中，并混合均匀；
S4、装袋密封，将S3制得的混合饲料，装入带单向放气阀的发酵饲料袋中，装填量为袋体容量的70～80％，密封后即得发酵料；
S5、发酵，将发酵料在16～30℃下厌氧发酵7～10天，所得发酵料pH 4.0左右，发酵料具酸香味，并略带有醇酯味，即获得红枣棉粕发酵饲料。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：
图1是本发明一种能够有效降低游离棉酚含量的红枣棉粕发酵饲料的制备方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解，此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
称量红枣10份，玉米10份，棉粕30份，水50份，植物乳杆菌1×105cfu/g，枯草芽孢杆菌1×106cfu/g。装入带单向放气阀的发酵饲料袋中，装填量为袋体容量的70～80％，密封。室温(20℃左右)储藏3d后袋体胀包，7～10d后开袋。饲料具适宜的酸香味，并略带有醇酯味。
检测后发现，pH值3.8～4.0，氨态氮0.5mg/g(鲜重基础)，可溶性糖含量170mg/g(风干物质基础)。棉粕原料中游离棉酚含量440mg/kg(风干物质基础)，按棉粕占60％计，发酵前混合饲料中棉酚含量264mg/kg(风干物质基础)，发酵后混合饲料中游离棉酚含量为64mg/kg(风干物质基础)，棉酚含量降低为原来的24％，游离棉酚含量减少了76％，本发明为一种能够有效降低游离棉酚含量的红枣棉粕发酵饲料。
实施例2
称量红枣15份，玉米15份，棉粕30份，水40份，植物乳杆菌2×105cfu/g，枯草芽孢杆菌2×106cfu/g。装入带单向放气阀的发酵饲料袋中，装填量为袋体容量的70-80％，密封。室温(20℃左右)储藏3d后袋体胀包，7-10d后开袋。饲料具适宜的酸香味，并略带有醇酯味。
实施例3
称量红枣20份，玉米20份，棉粕20份，水40份，植物乳杆菌2×105cfu/g，枯草芽孢杆菌2×106cfu/g。装入带单向放气阀的发酵饲料袋中，装填量为袋体容量的70-80％，密封。室温(20℃左右)储藏3d后袋体胀包，7-10d后开袋。饲料具适宜的酸香味，并略带有醇酯味。
实施例4
称量红枣15份，玉米5份，棉粕30份，水50份，植物乳杆菌2×105cfu/g，枯草芽孢杆菌2×106cfu/g。装入带单向放气阀的发酵饲料袋中，装填量为袋体容量的70-80％，密封。室温(20℃左右)储藏3d后袋体胀包，7-10d后开袋。饲料具适宜的酸香味，并略带有醇酯味。
本发明一种能够有效降低游离棉酚含量的红枣棉粕发酵饲料，充分利用枣可溶性碳水化合物高这一特性，同型发酵乳酸菌可利用这一底物快速产生乳酸，降低pH，起到快速制作发酵饲料和长期保存的目的。并且红枣中含有枣多糖、多酚等活性成分，可提高机体免疫力，这一饲料还含有乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌等益生菌，菌体及其代谢产物含有多种活性成分，可提高饲料原料的营养价值特性，改善消化道健康状况。红枣的高糖分特性，提升由于棉粕所致的口感不佳问题，改善饲料适口性，促进采食。尤其是，发酵后红枣棉粕饲料中可以降低游离棉酚含量50％以上。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种能够有效降低游离棉酚含量的红枣棉粕发酵饲料，其特征在于，所述红枣棉粕发酵饲料由以下重量份的原料组成：红枣5～20份，玉米5～20份，棉粕20～30份，水40～50份，同型发酵乳酸菌1～9×105cfu/g，枯草芽孢杆菌1～9×106cfu/g，所述红枣可为普通红枣或残次红枣，所述残次红枣包括结巴枣、落地枣和轻微霉变枣。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种能够有效降低游离棉酚含量的红枣棉粕发酵饲料，其特征在于，所述红枣棉粕发酵饲料由以下重量份的原料组成：红枣10份，玉米10份，棉粕30份，水50份，植物乳杆菌1～2×105cfu/g，枯草芽孢杆菌1～2×106cfu/g。
3.一种能够有效降低游离棉酚含量的红枣棉粕发酵饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、菌种活化，将菌种按接种量加入适量清水中，在37℃、90rad/min条件下培养30min，制得活化菌液；
S2、制备混合配料，将粉碎至细粒状的红枣次果与玉米、棉粕混合均匀后制得混合配料；
S3、加水混合，将S1步中的活化菌种按比例加入所需要的水中，将此液体加入到S2制得的混合配料中，并混合均匀；
S4、装袋密封，将S3制得的混合饲料，装入带单向放气阀的发酵饲料袋中，装填量为袋体容量的70～80％，密封后即得发酵料；
S5、发酵，将发酵料在16～30℃下厌氧发酵7～10天，所得发酵料pH 4.0左右，发酵料具酸香味，并略带有醇酯味，即获得红枣棉粕发酵饲料。
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| CN102178035A (zh) * | 2011-04-22 | 2011-09-14 | 河南宏翔生物科技有限公司 | 用复合菌种发酵分解棉粕中棉酚的方法 |
| CN106333109A (zh) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-01-18 | 盛扬 | 一种利用鲜枣发酵制备生猪饲料的方法 |
| CN106578420A (zh) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-04-26 | 深圳市前海金卓生物技术有限公司 | 发酵饲料及其制备方法 |
| CN109007333A (zh) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-12-18 | 鲁东大学 | 一种利用冬枣次果制备反刍动物用酵素菌营养料及其制备工艺 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102178035A (zh) * | 2011-04-22 | 2011-09-14 | 河南宏翔生物科技有限公司 | 用复合菌种发酵分解棉粕中棉酚的方法 |
| CN106333109A (zh) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-01-18 | 盛扬 | 一种利用鲜枣发酵制备生猪饲料的方法 |
| CN106578420A (zh) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-04-26 | 深圳市前海金卓生物技术有限公司 | 发酵饲料及其制备方法 |
| CN109007333A (zh) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-12-18 | 鲁东大学 | 一种利用冬枣次果制备反刍动物用酵素菌营养料及其制备工艺 |
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