CN113968700A - High-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/29—Frost-thaw resistance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 29-41 parts of cement, 18-35 parts of quartz sand, 5-13 parts of quartz powder, 3-6 parts of micro silicon powder, 14-21 parts of fly ash, 14 parts of limestone powder, 1-4 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 2-4 parts of mica powder, 1-5 parts of wollastonite and 6-9 parts of paper pulp. In addition, the invention also provides a preparation method of the high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel. The high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel is environment-friendly, low in cost, high in density, high in toughness and high in strength, has extremely low wet expansion rate, is excellent in weather resistance experiments such as freeze-thaw cycle and soaking drying, and can fully meet the use requirements of the external wall panel in an extreme climate area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and particularly relates to a high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The fiber cement board is a board prepared by taking cement as a cementing material and organic synthetic fibers, inorganic mineral fibers or cellulose fibers as reinforcing materials and carrying out forming, pressurizing (or non-pressurizing) and autoclaved (or non-autoclaved) curing. The fiber cement board has the advantages of high strength, weather resistance, moisture resistance, water resistance, flame retardance, corrosion resistance, bacteria resistance, good mechanical processing (sawing, drilling, nailing, planing, punching, slotting and the like), easy decoration, good sound insulation, heat insulation and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of non-bearing inner and outer wall boards, ceilings, movable houses and the like; in addition, the plate is made of inorganic materials such as cement and quartz sand, free formaldehyde is not released in the using process, energy is saved, environment is protected, and the plate is a novel wall material which is mainly popularized in China.
The fiber cement external wall panels which are on the market in recent years are usually formed by a pulp flow method or an extrusion method and then are prepared by steam pressure curing. For example, chinese patent CN105669093B discloses an energy-saving and environment-friendly exterior wall cladding and a method for preparing the same, the method first uniformly mixes the raw materials with water, and adopts an extrusion process, so that the prepared plate has low wet expansion rate and low flexural strength; chinese patent CN109400015A discloses a fiber cement external wall panel and a preparation method thereof, the method uses powdered quartz to completely replace quartz sand, and adopts an extrusion process, so that the prepared panel has low density, low wet expansion rate and low breaking strength; chinese patent CN111747694A discloses a modified fiber cement board, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in an outer wall, wherein an organosilicon waterproof agent is added by adopting a flow-slurry process to enable the board to have low water absorption rate, high water-saturation breaking strength and good weather resistance, but the organosilicon waterproof agent is flammable and explosive, has high requirement on storage environment, has irritation, needs to wear a proper protective clothing, is dangerous to some extent, is not resistant to high temperature, releases carbon dioxide when organic matters in organosilicon burn in fire disaster, has certain harm to carbon monoxide and also has a corresponding modification effect to disappear, so that the prepared board is not resistant to high temperature and is not environment-friendly compared with a fiber cement board prepared by traditional raw materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing fiber cement external wall panel cannot simultaneously have various characteristics of environmental protection, high toughness, high strength, low wet expansion, excellent weather resistance and the like under the condition of low raw material cost.
Therefore, the invention provides a high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 29-41 parts of cement, 18-35 parts of quartz sand, 5-13 parts of quartz powder, 3-6 parts of micro silicon powder, 14-21 parts of fly ash, 14 parts of limestone powder, 1-4 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 2-4 parts of mica powder, 1-5 parts of wollastonite and 6-9 parts of paper pulp.
Further, SiO in the quartz sand2The content of the quartz sand is more than 90 wt%, and the 200-mesh sieve residue of the quartz sand is less than 1 wt%.
Further, SiO in the quartz powder2The content of the quartz powder is more than 98wt percent, and the quartz powder with 400 meshes is less than 1wt percent.
Further, SiO in the micro silicon powder2The content of the silicon micro-powder is more than 85 wt%, and the specific surface area of the silicon micro-powder is 15000-35000m2/kg。
Further, SiO in the fly ash2Content of > 50 wt%, Al2O3The content of the fly ash is more than 27wt percent, and the residual amount of the fly ash is less than 12 percent after being sieved by a 325-mesh sieve; CaCO in the limestone powder3The content of the limestone powder is more than 98wt percent, and the balance of the limestone powder with 800-mesh sieve is less than 1wt percent; the mass ratio of the fly ash to the limestone powder is (1-1.5): 1.
further, the 325-mesh sieve residue of the aluminum hydroxide is less than 2 wt%.
Further, SiO in the mica powder2The content of the mica powder is less than or equal to 70 wt%, and the content of the mica powder after 400 meshes is less than 1 wt%.
Further, SiO in the wollastonite2The content of the wollastonite is more than or equal to 45 wt%, and the residue of the wollastonite with a 200-mesh sieve is less than 0.5 wt%.
Further, the solid content of the pulp was 3.0 wt%.
In addition, the invention also provides a preparation method of the high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel, which comprises the following steps:
1) weighing cement, quartz sand, quartz powder, micro silicon powder, fly ash, limestone powder, aluminum hydroxide, mica powder and wollastonite according to the design dosage, putting the weighed materials into a mixer, uniformly mixing, and uniformly mixing the mixed powder, paper pulp and water to obtain slurry with the concentration of 11-20%;
2) uniformly paving the slurry obtained in the step 1) on coarse cotton cloth through a head box, and performing suction filtration and forming to obtain a wet blank;
3) stacking, pressurizing and maintaining the pressure of the wet blank prepared in the step 2), then placing the wet blank in a pre-curing box, and curing for 6 hours in an environment with the humidity not less than 90% at the temperature of 25-27 ℃ to obtain a blank body;
4) placing the blank obtained in the step 3) into an autoclave, and curing for 8-12 h under the saturated steam pressure of 180-190 ℃ at constant pressure to obtain a high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel product;
5) and (3) drying the high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel product obtained in the step (4) to enable the water content of the high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel product to be lower than 10 wt%, so as to obtain the high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the density of the high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel provided by the invention is 1.54-1.68 g/cm3The impact strength is 2.21-2.77 kJ/m2The water-saturated breaking strength is 21.79-25.44 MPa, the breaking strength ratio is 86.69-90.67% after 100 times of freeze-thaw cycles in a low-temperature environment at minus 20 ℃, the freeze-thaw cycles are accumulated for more than 200 times, the cracking and delamination are avoided, the breaking strength ratio is 90.39-94.88% after 50 times of soaking-drying cycles, compared with most fiber cement boards on the market, the fiber cement board has higher water-saturated breaking strength, higher impact strength, lower wet expansion rate and excellent weather resistance, the board can be used in extremely severe environments such as extremely humid and coastal areas, the application range is wider, and the market demand for high-end products is met.
(2) The high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel provided by the invention has the advantages of low cost of raw materials, high cost performance of products, environmental friendliness and stronger market competitiveness in the same type of fiber cement panel products.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 29-41 parts of cement, 18-35 parts of quartz sand, 5-13 parts of quartz powder, 3-6 parts of silica fume, 14-21 parts of fly ash, 14 parts of limestone powder, 1-4 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 2-4 parts of mica powder, 1-5 parts of wollastonite and 6-9 parts of paper pulp. Wherein, the cement can adopt common silicate cement, and the solid content of the pulp is 3.0 wt%.
In the invention, micro silicon powder, quartz sand and quartz powder with different particle sizes are used as siliceous raw materials, specifically, SiO in the quartz sand2The content of the quartz sand is more than 90 wt%, and the balance of the quartz sand 200-mesh sieve is less than 1 wt%; SiO in the quartz powder2The content of the quartz powder is more than 98 wt%, and the balance of the quartz powder is less than 1 wt% after being sieved by a 400-mesh sieve; SiO in the micro silicon powder2The content of the silicon micro-powder is more than 85 wt%, and the specific surface area of the silicon micro-powder is 15000-35000m2Per kg; the micro silicon powder and the quartz powder have higher activity, can react with calcium hydroxide generated by hydration of cement to generate tobermorite crystals under the autoclaved condition, can exert good filling effect with the incompletely reacted micro silicon powder, quartz powder and quartz sand, and form a compact matrix structure together with a hydration product, thereby greatly improving the strength of the product.
Specifically, SiO in the fly ash2Content of > 50 wt%, Al2O3The content of the fly ash is more than 27wt percent, and the residual amount of the fly ash is less than 12 percent after being sieved by a 325-mesh sieve; CaCO in the limestone powder3The content of the limestone powder is more than 98wt percent, and the balance of the limestone powder with 800-mesh sieve is less than 1wt percent; the mass ratio of the fly ash to the limestone powder is (1-1.5): 1. the silica and the alumina in the fly ash can become active substances under the autoclaved condition to react with calcium hydroxide hydrated by cement to generate hydrated products, and meanwhile, the limestone powder and the aluminum in the fly ash react to generate calcium carbonate aluminate, so that the solid phase volume of the hydrated products is increased, the pore structure is improved, and the crystal nucleus effect of the limestone powder can promote the early formation of the hydrated products, so that the material is more compact, and the strength of the product is further improved.
In addition, mica with a unique sheet structure and wollastonite with a unique fibrous structure are adopted as raw materials of the high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel, the dry shrinkage and wet expansion rate of the panel is reduced through synergistic interaction of the mica with the wollastonite, and the dry shrinkage and wet expansion rate of the panel is further reduced by adding aluminum hydroxide. Specifically, SiO in the mica powder2The content of the mica powder is less than or equal to 70 wt%, and the residue of the mica powder sieved by a 400-mesh sieve is less than 1 wt%; SiO in the wollastonite2The content of the wollastonite is more than or equal to 45 wt%, and the wollastonite with a 200-mesh sieve residue is less than 0.5 wt%; the residue of the 325-mesh aluminum hydroxide sieve is less than 2 wt%.
The performance of the high-toughness, high-strength and low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel of the present invention is illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 29 parts of cement, 33 parts of quartz sand, 8 parts of quartz powder, 4 parts of silica fume, 18 parts of fly ash, 14 parts of limestone powder, 1 part of aluminum hydroxide, 4 parts of mica powder, 3 parts of wollastonite and 7 parts of paper pulp. Wherein the cement is ordinary portland cement; SiO in quartz sand2The content of the quartz sand is more than 90 wt%, and the balance of the quartz sand with a 200-mesh sieve is less than 1 wt%; SiO in quartz powder2The content of the quartz powder is more than 98 wt%, and the balance of the quartz powder is less than 1 wt% after being sieved by a 400-mesh sieve; SiO in micro silicon powder2The content of (a) is more than 85 wt%, and the ratio of the micro silicon powderThe surface area is 15000-2Per kg; SiO in fly ash2Content of > 50 wt%, Al2O3The content of the fly ash is more than 27wt percent, and the residual quantity of the fly ash is less than 12wt percent after being sieved by a 325-mesh sieve; CaCO in limestone powder3The content of the limestone powder is more than 98wt percent, and the balance of the limestone powder with 800-mesh sieve is less than 1wt percent; SiO in mica powder2The content of the mica powder is less than or equal to 70 wt%, and the residue of the mica powder sieved by a 400-mesh sieve is less than 1 wt%; the residue of 325-mesh aluminum hydroxide is less than 2 percent; wollastonite SiO2The content of the wollastonite is more than or equal to 45 wt%, and the wollastonite with a 200-mesh sieve residue is less than 0.5 wt%; the solid content of the pulp was 3.0 wt%.
The preparation process of the high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel comprises the following steps:
1) weighing cement, quartz sand, quartz powder, micro silicon powder, fly ash, limestone powder, aluminum hydroxide, mica powder and wollastonite according to the design dosage, putting the weighed materials into a mixer, uniformly mixing, and uniformly mixing the mixed powder, paper pulp and water to obtain slurry with the concentration of 11-20%;
2) uniformly paving the slurry obtained in the step 1) on coarse cotton cloth through a head box, and performing suction filtration and forming to obtain a wet blank;
3) stacking, pressurizing and maintaining the pressure of the wet blank prepared in the step 2), then placing the wet blank in a pre-curing box, and curing for 6 hours in an environment with the humidity not less than 90% at the temperature of 25-27 ℃ to obtain a blank body;
4) placing the blank obtained in the step 3) into an autoclave, and curing for 8-12 h under the saturated steam pressure of 180-190 ℃ at constant pressure to obtain a high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel product;
5) and (3) drying the high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel product obtained in the step (4) to enable the water content of the high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel product to be lower than 10 wt%, so as to obtain the high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 37 parts of cement, 35 parts of quartz sand, 5 parts of quartz powder, 5 parts of micro-silica powder, 14 parts of fly ash, 14 parts of limestone powder, 2 parts of aluminum hydroxide and 2 parts of mica powder1 part of wollastonite and 6 parts of paper pulp. Wherein, the cement is ordinary portland cement; SiO in quartz sand2The content of the quartz sand is more than 90 wt%, and the balance of the quartz sand with a 200-mesh sieve is less than 1 wt%; SiO in quartz powder2The content of the quartz powder is more than 98 wt%, and the balance of the quartz powder is less than 1 wt% after being sieved by a 400-mesh sieve; SiO in micro silicon powder2The content of the silicon micro powder is more than 85wt percent, and the specific surface area of the silicon micro powder is 15000-35000m2Per kg; SiO in fly ash2Content of > 50 wt%, Al2O3The content of the fly ash is more than 27wt percent, and the residual amount of the fly ash is less than 12wt percent after being sieved by a 325-mesh sieve; CaCO in limestone powder3The content of the limestone powder is more than 98wt percent, and the balance of the limestone powder with 800-mesh sieve is less than 1wt percent; SiO in mica powder2The content of the mica powder is less than or equal to 70 wt%, and the residue of the mica powder sieved by a 400-mesh sieve is less than 1 wt%; the residue of 325-mesh aluminum hydroxide is less than 2 percent; wollastonite SiO2The content of the wollastonite is more than or equal to 45 wt%, and the wollastonite with a 200-mesh sieve residue is less than 0.5 wt%; the solid content of the pulp was 3.0 wt%.
The preparation method of the high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel provided by the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of cement, 18 parts of quartz sand, 13 parts of quartz powder, 3 parts of silica fume, 21 parts of fly ash, 14 parts of limestone powder, 3 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 3 parts of mica powder, 5 parts of wollastonite and 9 parts of paper pulp. Wherein the cement is ordinary portland cement; SiO in quartz sand2The content of the quartz sand is more than 90 wt%, and the balance of the quartz sand with a 200-mesh sieve is less than 1 wt%; SiO in quartz powder2The content of the quartz powder is more than 98 wt%, and the balance of the quartz powder is less than 1 wt% after being sieved by a 400-mesh sieve; SiO in micro silicon powder2The content of the silicon micro powder is more than 85wt percent, and the specific surface area of the silicon micro powder is 15000-35000m2Per kg; SiO in fly ash2Content of > 50 wt%, Al2O3The content of the fly ash is more than 27wt percent, and the residual amount of the fly ash is less than 12wt percent after being sieved by a 325-mesh sieve; CaCO in limestone powder3The content of the limestone powder is more than 98wt percent, and the balance of the limestone powder with 800-mesh sieve is less than 1wt percent; SiO in mica powder2The content of the mica powder is less than or equal to 70 wt%, and the residue of the mica powder sieved by a 400-mesh sieve is less than 1 wt%; hydrogen and oxygenThe residue of 325-mesh aluminum oxide sieve is less than 2 percent; wollastonite SiO2The content of the wollastonite is more than or equal to 45 wt%, and the wollastonite with a 200-mesh sieve residue is less than 0.5 wt%; the solid content of the pulp was 3.0 wt%.
The preparation method of the high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel provided by the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Example 4:
the embodiment provides a high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 41 parts of cement, 30 parts of quartz sand, 11 parts of quartz powder, 6 parts of silica fume, 19 parts of fly ash, 14 parts of limestone powder, 4 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 2 parts of mica powder, 4 parts of wollastonite and 8 parts of paper pulp. Wherein the cement is ordinary portland cement; SiO in quartz sand2The content of the quartz sand is more than 90 wt%, and the balance of the quartz sand with a 200-mesh sieve is less than 1 wt%; SiO in quartz powder2The content of the quartz powder is more than 98 wt%, and the balance of the quartz powder is less than 1 wt% after being sieved by a 400-mesh sieve; SiO in micro silicon powder2The content of the silicon micro powder is more than 85wt percent, and the specific surface area of the silicon micro powder is 15000-35000m2Per kg; SiO in fly ash2Content of > 50 wt%, Al2O3The content of the fly ash is more than 27wt percent, and the residual amount of the fly ash is less than 12wt percent after being sieved by a 325-mesh sieve; CaCO in limestone powder3The content of the limestone powder is more than 98wt percent, and the balance of the limestone powder with 800-mesh sieve is less than 1wt percent; SiO in mica powder2The content of the mica powder is less than or equal to 70 wt%, and the residue of the mica powder sieved by a 400-mesh sieve is less than 1 wt%; the residue of 325-mesh aluminum hydroxide is less than 2 percent; wollastonite SiO2The content of the wollastonite is more than or equal to 45 wt%, and the wollastonite with a 200-mesh sieve residue is less than 0.5 wt%; the solid content of the pulp was 3.0 wt%.
The preparation method of the high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel provided by the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Comparative example:
the fiber cement board of the comparative example is prepared by adopting the same pulp flowing process as the previous example so as to ensure that the comparative example and the example are consistent in forming process, the common fiber cement board generally only comprises cement, quartz sand and fibers, and the fibers under a steam curing system are mostly pulp fibers, so that the fiber cement board of the comparative example comprises the following components in parts by weight: 29 parts of cement, 45 parts of quartz sand and 7 parts of paper pulp.
The physical and mechanical properties of the fiber cement boards prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative example were measured, and the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1:
from the plate detection results in table 1, in the plates prepared by the same pulp flow forming process, the fiber cement external wall plate prepared by the invention has high water saturation flexural strength, low porosity, high impact strength and low wet expansion rate, and simultaneously, weather resistance experiments show that the fiber cement external wall plate still ensures the integrity of the plate after 200 times of freeze-thaw cycles, the flexural strength ratio after 100 times of freeze-thaw cycles is 86.69-90.67%, the flexural strength ratio after 50 times of soaking-drying cycles is 90.39-94.88%, and the physical and mechanical properties of the fiber cement external wall plate are greatly higher than the requirements of the fiber cement plate in JC/T412.1-2018. The fiber cement board of the comparative example is a general fiber cement board formula, siliceous raw materials (namely quartz sand) in the raw materials have low activity and single gradation, hydration products generated by reaction with cement are less, the quartz sand has larger grain diameter and can not fill smaller gaps in a matrix, the whole product is single, the generation amount is less, and the whole density of the matrix is not high.
Example 5:
in the embodiment, the influence of siliceous materials with different particle sizes on the performance of the fiber cement board is investigated, in order to reflect the effect difference caused by the compound use of quartz sand, quartz powder and silica powder with different particle sizes and the use of simple quartz sand in the fiber cement board, the embodiment designs two groups of experiments of group A and group B for comparison, wherein the group A adopts the raw material component formula of the fiber cement external wall board in the embodiment 3, namely the formula of the group A is as follows: 30 parts of cement, 18 parts of quartz sand, 13 parts of quartz powder, 3 parts of micro-silica powder, 21 parts of fly ash, 14 parts of limestone powder, 3 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 3 parts of mica powder, 5 parts of wollastonite and 9 parts of paper pulp; the group B adopts single-graded quartz sand to completely replace the quartz sand, quartz powder and silicon micropowder in the group A, namely the formula of the group B is as follows: 30 parts of cement, 34 parts of quartz sand, 21 parts of fly ash, 14 parts of limestone powder, 3 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 3 parts of mica powder, 5 parts of wollastonite and 9 parts of paper pulp. The preparation of the fiber cement siding boards of group A and group B in this example was identical to that of example 3 above.
The fiber cement external wall panels prepared from the groups A and B in the present example were tested for their physical and mechanical properties, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2:
| detecting the index | Group A | Group B |
| Density (g/cm)3) | 1.68 | 1.57 |
| Full water breaking strength (MPa) | 25.44 | 15.37 |
| Porosity (%) | 13.28 | 30.11 |
| Impact strength (KJ/m)2) | 2.77 | 1.88 |
| Wet swelling Rate (%) | 0.083 | 0.128 |
| Number of freeze-thaw cycles | ≥200 | 177 |
| Flexural Strength ratio after 50 cycles of soaking-drying (%) | 90.93 | 83.33 |
| Flexural Strength ratio after 100 cycles of Freeze-thawing (%) | 86.69 | 80.16 |
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the fiber cement board (group B) produced by using pure quartz sand as the siliceous material, the fiber cement board (group A) produced by using the siliceous material formed by compounding the quartz sand, the quartz powder and the silica fume in the invention has the advantages that the activity of the fiber cement board (group B) produced by using the pure quartz sand as the siliceous material is obviously lower than that of the fiber cement board (group A) produced by using the siliceous material formed by compounding the quartz sand, the quartz sand with single gradation as the siliceous material has certain grain gradation, the fine powder with different grain gradations which does not participate in the reaction can be filled in gaps with different sizes between matrixes, and the board produced by using the pure quartz sand as the siliceous material cannot have the advantages, so that the board produced by using the silica material with single gradation does not have the abundance of the compound material in the invention, and the density of the board produced by using the compound siliceous material in the invention is inferior to the board produced by using the compound siliceous material in the invention, and therefore, the board produced by using the silica material with single gradation has lower water-saturated breaking strength, Higher porosity, higher wet swell, and less weather resistance than the present invention.
Example 6:
in this example, the influence of different mass ratios of fly ash and limestone powder on the performance of a fiber cement board is examined, A, B, C, D, E groups of comparative experiments are designed, A, B, C, D, E groups of experimental conditions are all substantially the same as those in example 3, except that: fly ash in group A: limestone powder 1.5: 1 (i.e., example 3 above); fly ash in group B: limestone powder 1.2: 1; fly ash in group C: 1, limestone powder: 1; fly ash in group D: limestone powder 0.8: 1; fly ash in group E: limestone powder 2: 1. the preparation of A, B, C, D, E five sets of fiber cement siding in this example was identical to that described in example 3 above.
The physical and mechanical properties of the fiber cement external wall panels prepared from A, B, C, D, E groups in this example were measured, and the results are shown in table 3.
Table 3:
| detecting the index | Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D | Group E |
| Density (g/cm)3) | 1.68 | 1.65 | 1.63 | 1.59 | 1.61 |
| Full water breaking strength (MPa) | 25.44 | 23.99 | 24.73 | 20.77 | 21.09 |
| Porosity (%) | 13.28 | 15.27 | 14.39 | 22.71 | 21.88 |
| Impact strength (KJ/m)2) | 2.77 | 2.57 | 2.65 | 2.01 | 2.12 |
| Wet swelling Rate (%) | 0.083 | 0.093 | 0.088 | 0.115 | 0.111 |
| Number of freeze-thaw cycles | ≥200 | ≥200 | ≥200 | 183 | 188 |
| Flexural Strength ratio after 50 cycles of soaking-drying (%) | 90.93 | 88.95 | 89.54 | 85.64 | 86.42 |
| Flexural Strength ratio after 100 cycles of Freeze-thawing (%) | 86.69 | 85.02 | 85.73 | 81.55 | 83.49 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the mass ratio of the fly ash to the limestone powder has a great influence on the performance of the fiber cement board, and the mass ratio of the fly ash to the limestone powder is controlled to be (1-1.5): 1, the prepared fiber cement board has more excellent physical and mechanical properties. The fly ash can participate in a reaction with limestone powder to generate calcium carbonate aluminate to increase the solid phase volume and improve the pore structure, and can also react with calcium hydroxide in cement to generate calcium silicate hydrate, but when the fly ash is too little, as shown in a group D experiment, the reacted limestone powder is less, the relative unreacted limestone powder is too much, and as the activity of the limestone powder is limited, the activity of a cementing material is reduced, and the binding force of a matrix after hydration is reduced, so that the physical and mechanical properties of the fiber cement plate are reduced; when the blending amount of the fly ash is too large, as in the group E experiment, the mass percentage of the corresponding cementing material is reduced, the amount of generated hydration products is reduced, the activity limited particle size of the fly ash is larger, and the unreacted too large fly ash particles can generate adverse effects in a matrix, so that the physical and mechanical properties of the fiber cement board can be reduced.
Example 7:
in this example, the effect of mica powder, wollastonite and aluminum hydroxide on the performance of fiber cement board was examined, A, B, C, D, E groups of comparative experiments were designed, A, B, C, D, E groups of experimental conditions were substantially the same as those in the above example 3, except that: the A group adopts the raw material component formula of the fiber cement external wall panel in the embodiment 3; the formula of the fiber cement external wall panel in the B group does not mix mica powder, wollastonite and aluminum hydroxide on the basis of the A group; the formula of the fiber cement external wall panel in the group C does not mix mica powder on the basis of the group A; the formula of the fiber cement external wall panel in the group D is not doped with wollastonite on the basis of the group A; the formula of the fiber cement external wall panel of the group E does not mix aluminum hydroxide on the basis of the group A. The preparation of A, B, C, D, E five sets of fiber cement siding in this example was identical to that described in example 3 above.
The physical and mechanical properties of the fiber cement external wall panels prepared from A, B, C, D, E groups in this example were measured, and the results are shown in table 4.
Table 4:
| detecting the index | Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D | Group E |
| Density (g/cm)3) | 1.68 | 1.62 | 1.60 | 1.57 | 1.59 |
| Full water breaking strength (MPa) | 25.44 | 21.13 | 21.54 | 21.83 | 22.08 |
| Porosity (%) | 13.28 | 20.35 | 18.72 | 17.75 | 16.66 |
| Impact strength (KJ/m)2) | 2.77 | 1.97 | 2.21 | 2.37 | 2.41 |
| Wet swelling Rate (%) | 0.083 | 0.121 | 0.107 | 0.115 | 0.109 |
| Number of freeze-thaw cycles | ≥200 | 193 | 197 | 193 | 189 |
| Flexural Strength ratio after 50 cycles of soaking-drying (%) | 90.93 | 86.87 | 86.91 | 87.11 | 87.77 |
| Flexural Strength ratio after 100 cycles of Freeze-thawing (%) | 86.69 | 85.11 | 85.33 | 85.39 | 85.61 |
As can be seen from Table 4, the mica powder, wollastonite and aluminum hydroxide are selectively added when the raw material formula of the fiber cement board is designed, so that the physical and mechanical properties of the fiber cement board are improved. The mica has obvious microcrack resistance in a calcium silicate cementing material due to the flaky shape, can reduce the dry shrinkage and wet expansion rate of a product and increase the flexibility of the product, wollastonite can replace partial microfiber due to the fibrous shape to play a role in reinforcing the cementing material and simultaneously reduce the dry shrinkage and wet expansion rate of the product, aluminum hydroxide forms gel in a system to enable the structure of the product to be more compact so as to reduce the dry shrinkage and wet expansion rate of the product, and the compounding of the three functional fillers enables the plate to have better flexibility, compact structure and wet expansion rate of less than 0.10 percent, which is obviously lower than the requirement that the wet expansion rate of a DS fiber cement plate in JC/T412.1-2018 is less than or equal to 0.25 percent.
In conclusion, the high-toughness high-strength low-swelling fiber cement external wall panel provided by the invention is environment-friendly, low in cost, high in density, high in toughness and high in strength, extremely low in moisture swelling rate, excellent in weather resistance experiments such as freeze-thaw cycle and soaking drying, and capable of fully meeting the use requirements of external wall panels in extreme climatic regions.
The above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims and any design similar or equivalent to the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 29-41 parts of cement, 18-35 parts of quartz sand, 5-13 parts of quartz powder, 3-6 parts of micro silicon powder, 14-21 parts of fly ash, 14 parts of limestone powder, 1-4 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 2-4 parts of mica powder, 1-5 parts of wollastonite and 6-9 parts of paper pulp.
2. The high toughness, high strength and low wet expansion fiber cement external wall panel of claim 1 wherein SiO in the quartz sand is2The content of the quartz sand is more than 90 wt%, and the balance of the quartz sand with a 200-mesh sieve is less than 1 wt%.
3. The high toughness, high strength and low wet expansion fiber cement external wall panel of claim 1 wherein SiO is in quartz powder2The content of the quartz powder is more than 98 wt%, and the balance of the quartz powder is less than 1 wt% after being sieved by a 400-mesh sieve.
4. The high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel as claimed in claim 1, wherein SiO in the silica fume is2The content of (b) is more than 85 wt%And the specific surface area of the micro silicon powder is 15000-35000m2/kg。
5. The high toughness, high strength and low wet expansion fiber cement external wall panel of claim 1 wherein the SiO in the fly ash is2Content of > 50 wt%, Al2O3The content of the fly ash is more than 27wt percent, and the residual amount of the fly ash is less than 12 percent after being sieved by a 325-mesh sieve; CaCO in the limestone powder3The content of the limestone powder is more than 98wt percent, and the balance of the limestone powder with 800-mesh sieve is less than 1wt percent; the mass ratio of the fly ash to the limestone powder is (1-1.5): 1.
6. the high toughness, high strength and low wet expansion fiber cement external wall panel of claim 1 wherein said 325 mesh aluminum hydroxide is less than 2 wt%.
7. The high toughness, high strength and low wet expansion fiber cement external wall panel of claim 1 wherein the SiO in mica powder2The content of the mica powder is less than or equal to 70 wt%, and the residue of the mica powder sieved by a 400-mesh sieve is less than 1 wt%.
8. The high toughness, high strength and low wet expansion fiber cement external wall panel of claim 1, wherein SiO in wollastonite is2The content of the wollastonite is more than or equal to 45wt percent, and the wollastonite with 200-mesh sieve residue is less than 0.5wt percent.
9. The high tenacity high strength low wet tensile fiber cement external wall panel of claim 1 wherein said pulp has a solids content of 3.0% by weight.
10. The method for preparing the high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, which comprises the following steps:
1) weighing cement, quartz sand, quartz powder, micro silicon powder, fly ash, limestone powder, aluminum hydroxide, mica powder and wollastonite according to the design dosage, putting the weighed materials into a mixer, uniformly mixing, and uniformly mixing the mixed powder, paper pulp and water to obtain slurry with the concentration of 11-20%;
2) uniformly paving the slurry obtained in the step 1) on coarse cotton cloth through a head box, and performing suction filtration and forming to obtain a wet blank;
3) stacking, pressurizing and maintaining the pressure of the wet blank prepared in the step 2), then placing the wet blank in a pre-curing box, and curing for 6 hours in an environment with the humidity not less than 90% at the temperature of 25-27 ℃ to obtain a blank body;
4) placing the blank obtained in the step 3) into an autoclave, and curing for 8-12 h under the saturated steam pressure of 180-190 ℃ at constant pressure to obtain a high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel product;
5) and (3) drying the high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel product obtained in the step (4) to enable the water content of the high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel product to be lower than 10 wt%, so as to obtain the high-toughness high-strength low-wet-expansion fiber cement external wall panel.
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