CN113958603B - High-precision dense bead shafting - Google Patents
High-precision dense bead shafting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113958603B CN113958603B CN202111188711.2A CN202111188711A CN113958603B CN 113958603 B CN113958603 B CN 113958603B CN 202111188711 A CN202111188711 A CN 202111188711A CN 113958603 B CN113958603 B CN 113958603B
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- Prior art keywords
- shafting
- face
- bearing sleeve
- main shaft
- mandrel
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Support Of The Bearing (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision dense ball shafting, which belongs to the technical field of precise mechanical design and aims to solve the technical problem of reducing the influence of end face perpendicularity errors and external loads on the rotation precision of the shafting. The bearing sleeve is a fixed part of the shafting, the main shaft is a rotating part of the shafting, the end face steel ball supports the axial load of the shafting, the radial steel ball limits the rotation center of the shafting, the thrust ball bearing seat is used for fixing the thrust ball bearing and the supporting steel ball, the supporting steel ball vertically supports the radial retainer, the thrust ball bearing bears the axial pretightening force of the shafting, the belleville spring is used for applying the pretightening force which can be adjusted axially, and the lock nut is used for axially locking. The shafting achieves the effect of adjusting the perpendicularity error of the end face of the main shaft, adjusting the axial pretightening force and having little influence on the rotation precision of the shafting due to external load.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of precise mechanical design, and particularly relates to a high-precision dense bead shafting which can be applied to a precise rotary table, a precise detection device or precise transmission.
Background
The high-precision rotary shaft system is a core functional unit of various precision mechanical equipment and instruments, such as a machine tool, a roundness measuring instrument, a theodolite, an angle measuring instrument and the like. Along with the mechanical manufacturing entering the times of precision and ultra-precision, the precision of processing and detecting equipment gradually enters submicron or even nanometer level, and the requirements on the rotary shaft system are also increasingly improved. The high-precision dense bead shafting has the advantages of simple structure, good manufacturing manufacturability, high precision, high rigidity, strong environmental adaptability, stable performance, convenient maintenance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of machine tool spindle transmission, high-precision tracking measuring instruments, high-precision rotary tables, industrial robots and the like.
In general, the structure of the dense ball shafting mainly comprises a main shaft, a shaft sleeve and dense balls, wherein the dense balls have an error sharing effect, and a theoretical basis is laid for obtaining high rotation precision. Meanwhile, the manufacturing precision of the parts is improved, the shafting structure is optimized, and the matching parameters have important influence on the rotation precision of the dense bead shafting.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the influence of the end face perpendicularity error and the external load on the rotation precision of the shaft system is reduced, and the high-precision dense ball shaft system which can adjust the end face perpendicularity error of the main shaft and has adjustable axial pretightening force and extremely small influence of the external load on the rotation precision of the shaft system is designed.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is as follows:
a high precision dense bead shafting, the shafting comprising: the device comprises a bearing sleeve, a main shaft, an end surface retainer, an end surface steel ball, a radial retainer, a radial steel ball, a thrust ball bearing seat, a supporting steel ball, a thrust ball bearing, a disc spring and a lock nut;
the bearing sleeve is a fixed piece and a mounting base of the shafting; the main shaft is positioned in the bearing sleeve and can rotate relative to the bearing sleeve, and is a rotating piece of a shafting; the main shaft comprises a convex hemisphere, a concave hemisphere, a mandrel, an inner hexagonal screw and epoxy glue; the convex hemisphere is an output interface of a shafting and is used for connecting an external load; the concave hemisphere is positioned below the convex hemisphere, and the two hemispheres are matched; the mandrel is positioned below the convex hemisphere and inside the bearing sleeve, and is connected with the convex hemisphere through an inner hexagon screw; the epoxy glue is used for bonding the convex hemisphere and the concave hemisphere and is positioned in the annular groove between the two hemispheres; the end face retainer is positioned between the bearing sleeve and the concave hemisphere and is placed on the upper end face of the bearing sleeve so as to limit the distribution of the end face steel balls; the end face steel balls are positioned in the end face retainer, distributed on the upper end face of the bearing sleeve and used for supporting the main shaft and the external load in the vertical direction; the radial retainer is positioned between the bearing sleeve and the mandrel to limit the distribution of radial steel balls; the radial retainer is supported in the vertical direction through a supporting steel ball; the radial steel balls are positioned in the radial retainer, distributed in the inner hole of the bearing sleeve and positioned outside the outer circle of the mandrel.
The cooperation of the radial steel ball and the bearing sleeve and the mandrel limits the rotation center of the shafting; the thrust ball bearing seat is arranged at the lower end of the bearing sleeve; the supporting steel balls are uniformly distributed in the blind holes on the thrust ball bearing seat; the seat ring of the thrust ball bearing is arranged in the thrust ball bearing seat, and the shaft ring is matched with the outer circle of the mandrel of the main shaft to bear the axial pretightening force of the shafting; the disc spring is positioned below the thrust ball bearing, is arranged on the mandrel and axially presses the shaft collar of the thrust ball bearing; the disc spring is used for applying adjustable axial pretightening force.
The external load acting on the main shaft is directly transmitted to the mounting surface of the shafting through the end face steel ball and the bearing sleeve, and the force transmission path does not pass through the mandrel of the main shaft, so that the influence of the external load on the rotation precision of the shafting is reduced.
The concave hemispherical surface and the convex hemispherical surface of the main shaft are matched, and epoxy glue is injected into the main shaft to fix the main shaft after the shaft is assembled and adjusted, so that the influence of the perpendicularity error of the end face of the main shaft on the rotation precision of the shaft system is reduced.
The locking nut is positioned below the belleville spring and is in threaded fit with the mandrel to axially lock the belleville spring.
The end face steel balls are distributed on the upper end face of the bearing sleeve according to a specific distribution rule.
The radial steel balls are distributed in the inner hole of the bearing sleeve according to a specific distribution rule and are positioned outside the outer circle of the mandrel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: firstly, the external load acting on the main shaft is directly transmitted to the mounting surface of the shafting through the end face steel ball and the bearing sleeve, and the force transmission path does not pass through the main shaft, so that the influence of the external load on the rotation precision of the shafting is reduced. And secondly, the concave hemispherical surface and the convex hemispherical surface of the main shaft are matched, epoxy glue is injected to fix after the shaft system is assembled and adjusted, the influence of the error of the perpendicularity of the end surface of the main shaft on the rotation precision of the shaft system is reduced, and the development difficulty of the main shaft is reduced. Finally, the disc spring is adopted to apply adjustable axial pretightening force, so that the optimal axial interference can be adjusted, and the influence of track surface abrasion on the rotation precision of the axle system is eliminated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the result of the detection of the precision turntable in an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the drawings denote:
1. a bearing sleeve; 2. a main shaft; 3. an end face retainer; 4. an end face steel ball; 5. a radial retainer; 6. radial steel balls; 7. thrust ball bearing seat; 8. supporting the steel ball; 9. a thrust ball bearing; 10. a belleville spring; 11. a lock nut; 21. a convex hemisphere; 22. concave hemispheres; 23. a mandrel; 24. an inner hexagon screw; 25. and (3) epoxy glue.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the high-precision dense ball shafting comprises a bearing sleeve 1, a main shaft 2, an end face retainer 3, an end face steel ball 4, a radial retainer 5, a radial steel ball 6, a thrust ball bearing seat 7, a support steel ball 8, a thrust ball bearing 9, a belleville spring 10 and a lock nut 11. The bearing sleeve 1 is a fixed part of a shafting and is provided with a foundation. The main shaft 2 is positioned in the bearing sleeve 1, can rotate relative to the bearing sleeve 1 and is a rotating piece of a shafting. The main shaft 2 comprises a convex hemisphere 21, a concave hemisphere 22, a core shaft 23, an inner hexagon screw 24 and epoxy glue 25. The convex hemisphere 21 is an output interface of the shafting and is connected with an external load. The concave hemisphere 22 is located below the convex hemisphere 21, and the two spheres are matched. The core shaft 23 is positioned below the convex hemisphere 21 and inside the bearing housing 1, and is connected with the convex hemisphere 21 through the socket head cap screw 24. The epoxy glue 25 is used for bonding the convex hemisphere 21 and the concave hemisphere 22 and is positioned in the annular groove between the two spheres. The end face retainer 3 is located between the bearing housing 1 and the concave hemisphere 22 of the main shaft 2, and is placed on the upper end face of the bearing housing 1 to limit the distribution of the end face steel balls 4. The end face steel balls 4 are positioned in the end face retainer 3 and distributed on the upper end face of the bearing sleeve 1 according to a specific distribution rule, and support the main shaft 1 and external load in the vertical direction. The radial retainer 5 is located between the bearing housing 1 and the spindle 23 of the spindle 2 to define the distribution of radial steel balls 6, supported in the vertical direction by support steel balls 8. The radial steel balls 6 are positioned in the radial retainer 5 and distributed in the bearing sleeve 1 and outside the core shaft 23 of the main shaft 2 according to a specific distribution rule. The radial steel balls 6 are matched with the bearing sleeve 1 and the mandrel 23 of the main shaft 2 to limit the rotation center of the shafting. The thrust ball bearing seat 7 is arranged at the lower end of the bearing sleeve 1. The supporting steel balls 8 are uniformly distributed in the blind holes on the thrust ball bearing seat 7. The seat ring of the thrust ball bearing 9 is arranged in the thrust ball bearing seat 7, and the shaft ring is matched with the outer circle of the mandrel 23 of the main shaft 2 to bear the axial pretightening force of the shafting. Belleville springs 10 are located below thrust ball bearings 9, mounted on spindle 23 of spindle 2, and axially compress the collars of thrust ball bearings 9. The lock nut 11 is located below the belleville spring 10, is in threaded fit with the core shaft 23 of the main shaft 2, and axially locks the belleville spring 10.
The precise turntable designed by the scheme detects radial runout of the turntable through an electric inductance micro meter, and the result is shown in figure 2, wherein the radial runout is less than or equal to 0.10 mu m.
The invention is not described in detail in part as being well known in the art.
While the invention has been described with respect to certain preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and substitutions can be made herein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A high-precision dense bead shafting is characterized in that,
the shafting comprises: the device comprises a bearing sleeve (1), a main shaft (2), an end face retainer (3), an end face steel ball (4), a radial retainer (5), a radial steel ball (6), a thrust ball bearing seat (7), a supporting steel ball (8), a thrust ball bearing (9), a belleville spring (10) and a lock nut (11);
the bearing sleeve (1) is a fixed piece and a mounting foundation of a shafting; the main shaft (2) is positioned in the bearing sleeve (1) and can rotate relative to the bearing sleeve (1) and is a rotating piece of a shaft system; the main shaft (2) comprises a convex hemisphere (21), a concave hemisphere (22), a mandrel (23), an inner hexagon screw (24) and epoxy glue (25); the convex hemisphere (21) is an output interface of a shafting and is used for being connected with an external load; the concave hemisphere (22) is positioned below the convex hemisphere (21), and the two hemispheres are matched; the mandrel (23) is positioned below the convex hemisphere (21) and inside the bearing sleeve (1), and the mandrel (23) is connected with the convex hemisphere (21) through an inner hexagon screw (24); the epoxy glue (25) is used for bonding the convex hemisphere (21) and the concave hemisphere (22) and is positioned in the annular groove between the two hemispheres; the end face retainer (3) is positioned between the bearing sleeve (1) and the concave hemisphere (22) and is placed on the upper end face of the bearing sleeve (1) so as to limit the distribution of the end face steel balls (4); the end face steel balls (4) are positioned in the end face retainer (3) and distributed on the upper end face of the bearing sleeve (1), and support the main shaft (2) and the external load in the vertical direction; the radial retainer (5) is positioned between the bearing sleeve (1) and the mandrel (23) so as to limit the distribution of the radial steel balls (6); the radial retainer (5) is supported in the vertical direction through a supporting steel ball (8); the radial steel balls (6) are positioned in the radial retainer (5), distributed in the inner hole of the bearing sleeve (1) and positioned outside the outer circle of the mandrel (23), and the rotation center of the shafting is defined by the cooperation of the radial steel balls (6), the bearing sleeve (1) and the mandrel (23); the thrust ball bearing seat (7) is arranged at the lower end of the bearing sleeve (1); the supporting steel balls (8) are uniformly distributed in the blind holes on the thrust ball bearing seat (7); the seat ring of the thrust ball bearing (9) is arranged in the thrust ball bearing seat (7), and the shaft ring is matched with the outer circle of the mandrel (23) of the main shaft (2) to bear the axial pretightening force of the shafting; the disc spring (10) is arranged below the thrust ball bearing (9) and is arranged on the mandrel (23) to axially compress a shaft collar of the thrust ball bearing (9); the disc spring (10) is used for applying adjustable axial pretightening force;
the concave hemisphere (22) of the main shaft (2) is matched with the hemispherical surface of the convex hemisphere (21), and epoxy glue (25) is injected to be adhered and fixed after shaft assembly and adjustment are completed, so that the influence of the perpendicularity error of the end face of the main shaft (2) on the shaft system rotation precision is reduced.
2. The high-precision dense bead shafting according to claim 1, wherein:
the external load acting on the main shaft (2) is directly transmitted to the installation surface of the shafting through the end face steel ball (4) and the bearing sleeve (1), and the transmission path does not pass through the core shaft (23) of the main shaft (2), so that the influence of the external load on the rotation precision of the shafting is reduced.
3. The high-precision dense bead shafting according to claim 1, wherein:
the locking nut (11) is positioned below the belleville spring (10) and is in threaded fit with the mandrel (23) to axially lock the belleville spring (10).
4. The high-precision dense bead shafting according to claim 1, wherein:
the end face steel balls (4) are distributed on the upper end face of the bearing sleeve (1).
5. The high-precision dense bead shafting according to claim 1, wherein:
the radial steel balls (6) are distributed in the inner hole of the bearing sleeve (1) and are positioned outside the outer circle of the mandrel (23).
Priority Applications (1)
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CN202111188711.2A CN113958603B (en) | 2021-10-12 | 2021-10-12 | High-precision dense bead shafting |
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CN202111188711.2A CN113958603B (en) | 2021-10-12 | 2021-10-12 | High-precision dense bead shafting |
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CN113958603A CN113958603A (en) | 2022-01-21 |
CN113958603B true CN113958603B (en) | 2023-07-18 |
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