CN113956059B - High-strength suspension insulator for high-voltage transmission line - Google Patents

High-strength suspension insulator for high-voltage transmission line Download PDF

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CN113956059B
CN113956059B CN202111353687.3A CN202111353687A CN113956059B CN 113956059 B CN113956059 B CN 113956059B CN 202111353687 A CN202111353687 A CN 202111353687A CN 113956059 B CN113956059 B CN 113956059B
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parts
composite material
modified
calcium carbonate
fumed silica
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CN113956059A (en
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晏良清
张华�
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Jiangxi Kaijia Electric Porcelain Appliance Co ltd
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Jiangxi Kaijia Electric Porcelain Appliance Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-strength suspension insulator for a high-voltage transmission line, which relates to the technical field of insulators and comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-21 parts of modified fumed silica/Faku clay composite material, 20-30 parts of mullite, 6-10 parts of industrial alumina powder, 2-6 parts of titanium dioxide, 4-8 parts of wollastonite powder, 10-15 parts of nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material, 4-10 parts of lamellar mica, 3-7 parts of potassium titanate whisker-coated glass fiber composite material and 3-7 parts of silicone rubber. The invention has the advantages of good mechanical property, high strength and the like of the manufactured insulator.

Description

High-strength suspension insulator for high-voltage transmission line
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of insulators, in particular to a high-strength suspension insulator for a high-voltage transmission line.
Background
Electric power is the most widely used secondary energy in modern society, and safe, stable operation and sufficient supply of electric power are important guarantees for sustainable development of national economy. The existing transmission lines are divided into two types: one is underground cable and one is overhead line. An underground cable is a power transmission line in which an insulated wire with an external armor is buried underground, and is limited in insulation level and high price. The overhead line is a power transmission line in which a bare conductor is suspended and erected on a support rod tower by using an insulator, and the overhead power transmission line has the advantages of simple structure and equipment, easiness in manufacturing and supplying, lower manufacturing cost, convenience in construction, higher construction speed and capability of early receiving economic benefits; most facilities are exposed to the earth surface, so that the operation and maintenance are convenient. Therefore, overhead transmission lines are widely used at home and abroad.
The insulator provides supporting and insulating functions for the power transmission line, so that the requirements on mechanical strength and insulating strength are high, the natural environment of China is relatively complex, the insulator is mostly used in outdoor or even field environment, and the insulator product is also required to be capable of adapting to complex environmental conditions. The working environment and working conditions of the insulator product are extremely harsh and are affected by factors such as cold and hot sudden change, intense heat, severe cold, high acidity and alkalinity, high pollution and the like. In the operation process of the insulator product, the insulator product not only needs to bear power frequency voltage under normal operation conditions, but also can withstand the transient overvoltage influence generated by lightning impulse under severe weather conditions; the weight of the lead is borne, and the lead is also subjected to extreme factors such as the icing state of the lead and the violent shaking of the lead under the action of wind power, and is subjected to severe heat and severe cold. The insulator product can generate a medium degradation phenomenon under the action of long-term working voltage and working load, namely the performance of the insulator product is reduced along with the prolonging of the service time, and finally the product is degraded.
The insulator in the prior art has the problems of general mechanical strength performance, easy cracking, mechanical and electrical performance reduction and the like in use, seriously influences the quality stability of products and cannot completely meet the requirement of high-speed power.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve at least one of the problems occurring in the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a high-strength suspension insulator for a high-voltage power transmission line.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a high-strength suspension insulator for a high-voltage transmission line comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
15-21 parts of modified fumed silica/Fakuai clay composite material, 20-30 parts of mullite, 6-10 parts of industrial alumina powder, 2-6 parts of titanium dioxide, 4-8 parts of wollastonite powder, 10-15 parts of nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material, 4-10 parts of lamellar mica, 3-7 parts of potassium titanate whisker-coated glass fiber composite material and 3-7 parts of silicone rubber.
Preferably, the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
16-20 parts of modified fumed silica/Fakuai clay composite material, 22-28 parts of mullite, 7-9 parts of industrial alumina powder, 3-5 parts of titanium dioxide, 5-7 parts of wollastonite powder, 11-14 parts of nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material, 5-9 parts of lamellar mica, 4-6 parts of potassium titanate whisker-coated glass fiber composite material and 4-6 parts of silicone rubber.
Preferably, the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
18 parts of modified fumed silica/Faku clay composite material, 25 parts of mullite, 8 parts of industrial alumina powder, 4 parts of titanium dioxide, 6 parts of wollastonite powder, 13 parts of nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material, 7 parts of lamellar mica, 5 parts of potassium titanate whisker-coated glass fiber composite material and 5 parts of silicone rubber.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified fumed silica/Faku clay composite material comprises the following steps: adding 1 part by mass of modified fumed silica into 10-20 parts by mass of Faku clay, uniformly mixing, and then placing into a grinding machine for grinding for 2-3 hours to obtain a mixture; and placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, calcining for 2-3 h at 820-860 ℃, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and grinding to obtain the modified fumed silica/Faku clay composite material.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified fumed silica comprises the following steps: mixing 1g of dried fumed silica with 1-1.5 mL of anhydrous ethanol, slowly adding 0.03-0.05 mL of vinyltriethoxysilane and 0.06-0.08 mL of diphenyldimethoxysilane, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7, stirring at a constant temperature of 43-48 ℃ for 10-20 h, removing low molecular substances under vacuum at 100 ℃, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging, and drying under vacuum at 50-60 ℃ to obtain the modified fumed silica.
Preferably, the preparation method of the nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material comprises the following steps: adding 1 part by mass of modified nano calcium carbonate into 15-25 parts by mass of nacrite, uniformly mixing, and then putting into a grinding machine to grind for 2-3 hours to obtain a mixture; placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, heating to 280-300 ℃ for calcining for 2-3 h, heating to 800-850 ℃ for calcining for 2-3 h, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and grinding to obtain the nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material;
preferably, the preparation method of the modified nano calcium carbonate comprises the following steps: dissolving 1-1.2 g of titanium sulfate in 100-120 mL of distilled water; continuously adding 1-1.2 g of calcium carbonate, oscillating at room temperature, and performing suction filtration to obtain a product; dissolving 1g of product and 5-6 g of urea in 45-50 g of distilled water, adding 0.001-0.002 g of sodium stearyl sulfate, dropwise adding 10-12 g of titanium sulfate solution at 85-95 ℃ under the stirring condition, continuing to react for 60-80 min after the dropwise adding is finished, cooling, carrying out suction filtration and washing until no precipitate is generated after the filtrate is detected by barium chloride, and drying at 85-90 ℃ for 8-10 h to obtain the modified nano calcium carbonate.
Preferably, the preparation method of the potassium titanate whisker coated glass fiber composite material comprises the following steps: adding 5-6 g of potassium titanate whisker into 0.05-0.06 g of silane coupling agent for modification treatment, and drying to obtain modified potassium titanate whisker; adding 1g of glass fiber into 20-30 mL of ethanol, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20-30 min, continuously adding the modified potassium titanate whisker, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30-40 min, and drying to obtain the potassium titanate whisker coated glass fiber composite material.
Preferably, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, premixing the raw materials to obtain a premix, and then placing the premix into a ball mill to be ball-milled by adding water to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the premix to water is 1: 1.1-1.2, and the ball milling time is 10-15 h;
s2, sieving the obtained mixture and removing iron; then sequentially carrying out mud pressing, staleness, vacuum pugging, forming, blank trimming and drying to obtain a blank;
s3, pre-sintering the blank, wherein the pre-sintering temperature is 600-650 ℃, and preserving heat for 40-50 min to obtain a pre-sintered part;
and S4, sintering the pre-sintered part to obtain a sintered porcelain blank.
Preferably, the step S4 includes: heating the pre-sintered part to 860-950 ℃ at a heating rate of 12-15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50-70 min, heating to 1150-1250 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-13 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 60-80 min; heating to 1550-1650 ℃ at the heating rate of 6-8 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 60-80 min; and then cooling to 1350-1450 ℃ at a cooling speed of 3-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 20-40 min, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the sintered porcelain blank.
The invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
the invention uses modified white carbon black/Faku clay composite material, mullite, industrial alumina powder, titanium dioxide, wollastonite powder, nacrite to coat modified nano calcium carbonate composite material, lamellar mica, potassium titanate whisker to coat glass fiber composite material and silicon rubberThe method comprises the following steps of preparing an insulator by taking the raw materials, wherein the modified fumed silica is dispersed in the French white clay to form the modified fumed silica/French white clay composite material, so that the modified fumed silica is highly dispersed in a blank, and the range of crystal grains is proper after sintering, the bonding property of the modified fumed silica/French white clay composite material and other raw materials is improved, and the strength and the hardness of a porcelain piece are effectively improved; meanwhile, the fumed silica is modified, so that the agglomeration of the fumed silica is reduced, the fumed silica can be uniformly dispersed in other materials, and the mechanical strength of the insulator is improved. The industrial alumina powder can effectively improve the mechanical strength of the porcelain material and reduce the defects of cracks, air holes and the like of the porcelain piece, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the overall strength of the product and ensuring the safe operation of the insulator. By carrying out surface treatment on the nano calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide is formed on the nano calcium carbonate to form a nano calcium carbonate/titanium dioxide composite material, the nano calcium carbonate/titanium dioxide composite material is subjected to surface modification, the agglomeration of the composite material is reduced, the modified nano calcium carbonate is coated on the nacrite, the modified nano calcium carbonate can be uniformly dispersed in the nacrite, the bonding property of the nano calcium carbonate/titanium dioxide composite material and other components is enhanced during sintering, and the strength and the weather resistance of a porcelain piece are effectively enhanced. The potassium titanate whisker is modified, so that the dispersibility of the potassium titanate whisker is improved, and the glass fiber composite material is coated by the modified potassium titanate whisker, so that the glass fiber is uniformly dispersed in the potassium titanate whisker, the glass fiber composite material coated by the potassium titanate whisker can be finally and uniformly dispersed in other raw materials, the glass fiber composite material coated by the potassium titanate whisker and wollastonite powder can act together, and the mechanical strength of an insulator product, the bonding force with glaze and the like can be obviously improved; the lamellar mica can be oriented and arranged near the surface of the raw material to form a bricklaying structure and can be burnt with SiO in other raw materials during sintering 2 The compact hard eutectic ceramic layer is generated, so that the mechanical strength of the insulator can be improved, oxygen can be prevented from entering the insulator, and the flame retardant effect of the insulator is improved.
According to the invention, when the porcelain insulator is prepared, pre-burning is firstly carried out to preliminarily discharge water in the raw materials, and some inorganic organic matters and carbon elements in the blank are subjected to oxidation reaction or decomposition reaction, so that the mechanical property of the blank is improved. During sintering, the temperature is firstly raised for sintering, the temperature is kept for a period of time, water in the raw materials is further discharged, and the volume of the raw materials is increased when the generated shrinkage is combined with the crystal form conversion of quartz, so that the volume change of a blank can be relieved. Then, continuously heating and sintering, and preserving heat for a period of time to further sinter the unsintered components so as to relieve the volume change of the blank; continuing to heat and sinter the mixture, and preserving the heat for a period of time to enable the raw materials to continue to sinter and enable all the components to react completely; and then slightly cooling and preserving heat for a period of time to ensure that the prepared porcelain insulator porcelain piece has a compact integral structure and uniform and stable tissue.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
Weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of modified fumed silica/Faku clay composite material, 20 parts of mullite, 6 parts of industrial alumina powder, 2 parts of titanium dioxide, 4 parts of wollastonite powder, 10 parts of nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material, 4 parts of lamellar mica, 3 parts of potassium titanate whisker-coated glass fiber composite material and 3 parts of silicone rubber.
The preparation method of the modified fumed silica/Fakuai clay composite material comprises the following steps: adding 1 part by mass of modified fumed silica into 10 parts by mass of normal clay, uniformly mixing, and then grinding in a grinding machine for 2 hours to obtain a mixture; and placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, calcining for 3h at 820 ℃, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and grinding to obtain the modified fumed silica/Faku clay composite material.
The preparation method of the modified fumed silica comprises the following steps: mixing 1g of dried fumed silica with 1mL of anhydrous ethanol, slowly adding 0.03mL of vinyltriethoxysilane and 0.06mL of diphenyldimethoxysilane, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH to 6.5, stirring at the constant temperature of 43 ℃ for 20h, removing low molecular substances under vacuum at 100 ℃, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging, and drying under vacuum at 50 ℃ to obtain the modified fumed silica.
The preparation method of the nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material comprises the following steps: adding 1 part by mass of modified nano calcium carbonate into 15 parts by mass of nacrite, uniformly mixing, and then placing in a grinding machine for grinding for 2 hours to obtain a mixture; placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, heating to 280 ℃ for calcining for 3h, heating to 800 ℃ for calcining for 3h, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and grinding to obtain the nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material;
the preparation method of the modified nano calcium carbonate comprises the following steps: dissolving 1g of titanium sulfate in 100mL of distilled water; continuously adding 1g of calcium carbonate, oscillating at room temperature, and performing suction filtration to obtain a product; dissolving 1g of product and 5g of urea in 45g of distilled water, adding 0.001g of sodium stearyl sulfate, dropwise adding 10g of titanium sulfate solution under the condition of stirring at 85 ℃, continuing to react for 60min after dropwise addition, cooling, carrying out suction filtration, washing until no precipitate is generated after the filtrate is detected by barium chloride, and drying at 85 ℃ for 10h to obtain the modified nano calcium carbonate.
The preparation method of the potassium titanate whisker coated glass fiber composite material comprises the following steps: adding 5g of potassium titanate whisker into 0.05g of silane coupling agent KH-560 for modification treatment, and drying to obtain modified potassium titanate whisker; adding 1g of glass fiber into 20mL of ethanol, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20min, continuously adding the modified potassium titanate whisker, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30min, and drying to obtain the potassium titanate whisker coated glass fiber composite material.
A preparation method of a high-strength suspension insulator for a high-voltage transmission line comprises the following steps:
s1, premixing the raw materials to obtain a premix, and then placing the premix into a ball mill to be ball-milled by adding water to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the premix to the water is 1:1.1, and the ball milling time is 10 h;
s2, sieving the obtained mixture, and removing iron; then sequentially carrying out mud pressing, staleness, vacuum pugging, forming, blank trimming and drying to obtain a blank;
s3, pre-sintering the blank, wherein the pre-sintering temperature is 600 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 50min to obtain a pre-sintered part;
s4, heating the pre-sintered piece to 860 ℃ at the heating rate of 12 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50min, heating to 1150 ℃ at the heating rate of 8 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 60 min; heating to 1550 ℃ at the heating rate of 6 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 60 min; then cooling to 1350 ℃ at the cooling rate of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 20min, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the sintered porcelain blank.
Example 2
Weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 16 parts of modified fumed silica/Faku clay composite material, 22 parts of mullite, 7 parts of industrial alumina powder, 3 parts of titanium dioxide, 5 parts of wollastonite powder, 11 parts of nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material, 5 parts of lamellar mica, 4 parts of potassium titanate whisker-coated glass fiber composite material and 4 parts of silicone rubber.
The preparation method of the modified fumed silica/Fakuai clay composite material comprises the following steps: adding 1 part by mass of modified fumed silica into 12 parts by mass of normal clay, uniformly mixing, and then grinding in a grinding machine for 2.5 hours to obtain a mixture; and placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, calcining for 2.5h at 83 ℃, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and grinding to obtain the modified fumed silica/Faku clay composite material.
The preparation method of the modified fumed silica comprises the following steps: mixing 1g of dried fumed silica with 1.2mL of anhydrous ethanol, slowly adding 0.03mL of vinyltriethoxysilane and 0.07mL of diphenyldimethoxysilane, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH to 6.6, stirring at the constant temperature of 44 ℃ for 12h, removing low molecular substances under vacuum at 100 ℃, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging, and drying under vacuum at 52 ℃ to obtain the modified fumed silica.
The preparation method of the nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material comprises the following steps: adding 1 part by mass of modified nano calcium carbonate into 18 parts by mass of nacrite, uniformly mixing, and then placing in a grinding machine for grinding for 2.5 hours to obtain a mixture; placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, heating to 290 ℃ for calcining for 2.5h, heating to 810 ℃ for calcining for 3h, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and grinding to obtain the nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material;
the preparation method of the modified nano calcium carbonate comprises the following steps: dissolving 1g of titanium sulfate in 110mL of distilled water; continuously adding 1.1g of calcium carbonate, oscillating at room temperature, and performing suction filtration to obtain a product; dissolving 1g of product and 5g of urea in 45g of distilled water, adding 0.001g of sodium stearyl sulfate, dropwise adding 10.5g of titanium sulfate solution under the condition of stirring at 85 ℃, continuing to react for 60min after the dropwise addition is finished, cooling, carrying out suction filtration and washing until no precipitate is generated after the filtrate is detected by barium chloride, and drying at 85 ℃ for 8h to obtain the modified nano calcium carbonate.
The preparation method of the potassium titanate whisker coated glass fiber composite material comprises the following steps: adding 5.2g of potassium titanate whisker into 0.05g of silane coupling agent KH-560 for modification treatment, and drying to obtain modified potassium titanate whisker; adding 1g of glass fiber into 22mL of ethanol, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 25min, continuously adding the modified potassium titanate whisker, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 35min, and drying to obtain the potassium titanate whisker coated glass fiber composite material.
A preparation method of a high-strength suspension insulator for a high-voltage transmission line comprises the following steps:
s1, premixing the raw materials to obtain a premix, and then placing the premix into a ball mill to be ball-milled by adding water to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the premix to the water is 1:1.1, and the ball milling time is 11 h;
s2, sieving the obtained mixture and removing iron; then sequentially carrying out mud pressing, staleness, vacuum pugging, forming, blank trimming and drying to obtain a blank;
s3, pre-sintering the blank, wherein the pre-sintering temperature is 610 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 40min, so as to obtain a pre-sintered part;
s4, heating the pre-sintered piece to 880 ℃ at a heating rate of 13 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50min, then heating to 1180 ℃ at a heating rate of 9 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 65 min; heating to 1580 ℃ at the heating rate of 7 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 65 min; then cooling to 1380 ℃ at the cooling rate of 4 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 25min, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the sintered porcelain blank.
Example 3
Weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of modified fumed silica/Faku clay composite material, 25 parts of mullite, 8 parts of industrial alumina powder, 4 parts of titanium dioxide, 6 parts of wollastonite powder, 13 parts of nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material, 7 parts of lamellar mica, 5 parts of potassium titanate whisker-coated glass fiber composite material and 5 parts of silicone rubber.
The preparation method of the modified fumed silica/Fakuai clay composite material comprises the following steps: adding 1 part by mass of modified fumed silica into 15 parts by mass of normal clay, uniformly mixing, and then grinding in a grinding machine for 2.5 hours to obtain a mixture; and placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, calcining for 2.5h at 840 ℃, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and grinding to obtain the modified fumed silica/Faku clay composite material.
The preparation method of the modified fumed silica comprises the following steps: taking 1g of dried fumed silica and 1.3mL of anhydrous ethanol, slowly adding 0.04mL of vinyltriethoxysilane and 0.07mL of diphenyldimethoxysilane, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to 6.8, stirring at the constant temperature of 45 ℃ for 15h, removing low molecular substances under vacuum at 100 ℃, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging, and drying under vacuum at 55 ℃ to obtain the modified fumed silica.
The preparation method of the nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material comprises the following steps: adding 1 part by mass of modified nano calcium carbonate into 20 parts by mass of nacrite, uniformly mixing, and then placing in a grinding machine for grinding for 2.5 hours to obtain a mixture; placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, heating to 290 ℃ for calcining for 2.5h, heating to 830 ℃ for calcining for 2.5h, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and grinding to obtain the nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material;
the preparation method of the modified nano calcium carbonate comprises the following steps: dissolving 1.1g of titanium sulfate in 110mL of distilled water; continuously adding 1.1g of calcium carbonate, oscillating at room temperature, and performing suction filtration to obtain a product; dissolving 1g of product and 5.5g of urea in 47g of distilled water, adding 0.0015g of sodium stearyl sulfate, dropwise adding 11g of titanium sulfate solution under the condition of stirring at 90 ℃, continuing to react for 70min after the dropwise addition is finished, cooling, carrying out suction filtration and washing until no precipitate is generated after the filtrate is detected by barium chloride, and drying for 9h at 88 ℃ to obtain the modified nano calcium carbonate.
The preparation method of the potassium titanate whisker coated glass fiber composite material comprises the following steps: adding 5.5g of potassium titanate whisker into 0.055 part of silane coupling agent KH-560 for modification treatment, and drying to obtain modified potassium titanate whisker; adding 1g of glass fiber into 25mL of ethanol, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 25min, continuously adding the modified potassium titanate whisker, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 35min, and drying to obtain the potassium titanate whisker coated glass fiber composite material.
A preparation method of a high-strength suspension insulator for a high-voltage transmission line comprises the following steps:
s1, premixing the raw materials to obtain a premix, and then placing the premix into a ball mill to be ball-milled by adding water to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the premix to water is 1:2, and the ball milling time is 13 h;
s2, sieving the obtained mixture and removing iron; then sequentially carrying out mud pressing, staleness, vacuum pugging, forming, blank trimming and drying to obtain a blank;
s3, pre-sintering the blank, wherein the pre-sintering temperature is 630 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 45min to obtain a pre-sintered part;
s4, heating the pre-sintered piece to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 13 ℃/min, preserving heat for 60min, then heating to 1200 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 70 min; heating to 1600 deg.C at a heating rate of 7 deg.C/min, and maintaining for 70 min; then cooling to 1400 ℃ at the cooling rate of 4 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 30min, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the sintered porcelain blank.
Example 4
Weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 16 parts of modified fumed silica/Faku clay composite material, 22 parts of mullite, 7 parts of industrial alumina powder, 3 parts of titanium dioxide, 5 parts of wollastonite powder, 11 parts of nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material, 5 parts of lamellar mica, 4 parts of potassium titanate whisker-coated glass fiber composite material and 4 parts of silicone rubber.
The preparation method of the modified fumed silica/Fakuai clay composite material comprises the following steps: adding 1 part by mass of modified fumed silica into 15 parts by mass of normal clay, uniformly mixing, and then grinding in a grinding machine for 3 hours to obtain a mixture; and placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, calcining for 3h at 850 ℃, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and grinding to obtain the modified fumed silica/Faku clay composite material.
The preparation method of the modified fumed silica comprises the following steps: mixing 1g of dried fumed silica with 1.4mL of anhydrous ethanol, slowly adding 0.04mL of vinyltriethoxysilane and 0.07mL of diphenyldimethoxysilane, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH to 6.9, stirring at the constant temperature of 47 ℃ for 18h, removing low molecular substances under vacuum at 100 ℃, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging, and drying under vacuum at 58 ℃ to obtain the modified fumed silica.
The preparation method of the nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material comprises the following steps: adding 1 part by mass of modified nano calcium carbonate into 22 parts by mass of nacrite, uniformly mixing, and then placing in a grinding machine for grinding for 2.5 hours to obtain a mixture; placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, heating to 290 ℃ for calcining for 2.5h, heating to 840 ℃ for calcining for 2.5h, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and grinding to obtain the nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material;
the preparation method of the modified nano calcium carbonate comprises the following steps: dissolving 1.1g of titanium sulfate in 120mL of distilled water; continuously adding 1.2g of calcium carbonate, oscillating at room temperature, and performing suction filtration to obtain a product; dissolving 1g of product and 5.5g of urea in 50g of distilled water, adding 0.001g of sodium stearyl sulfate, dropwise adding 11g of titanium sulfate solution under the stirring condition of 95 ℃, continuing to react for 80min after the dropwise addition is finished, cooling, carrying out suction filtration and washing until no precipitate is generated after the filtrate is detected by barium chloride, and drying for 10h at 90 ℃ to obtain the modified nano calcium carbonate.
The preparation method of the potassium titanate whisker coated glass fiber composite material comprises the following steps: adding 6g of potassium titanate whisker into 0.06g of silane coupling agent KH-560 for modification treatment, and drying to obtain modified potassium titanate whisker; adding 1g of glass fiber into 20-30 mL of ethanol, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 25min, continuously adding the modified potassium titanate whisker, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 35min, and drying to obtain the potassium titanate whisker-coated glass fiber composite material.
A preparation method of a high-strength suspension insulator for a high-voltage transmission line comprises the following steps:
s1, premixing the raw materials to obtain a premix, and then placing the premix into a ball mill to add water for ball milling to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the premix to the water is 1:1.2, and the ball milling time is 14 h;
s2, sieving the obtained mixture and removing iron; then sequentially carrying out mud pressing, staleness, vacuum pugging, forming, blank trimming and drying to obtain a blank;
s3, pre-sintering the blank, wherein the pre-sintering temperature is 640 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 50min, so as to obtain a pre-sintered part;
s4, heating the pre-sintered part to 920 ℃ at a heating rate of 14 ℃/min, preserving heat for 60min, heating to 1220 ℃ at a heating rate of 12 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 70 min; heating to 1620 ℃ at the heating rate of 7 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 70 min; then cooling to 1420 ℃ at the cooling rate of 4 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 30min, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the sintered porcelain blank.
Example 5
Weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21 parts of modified fumed silica/Faku clay composite material, 30 parts of mullite, 10 parts of industrial alumina powder, 6 parts of titanium dioxide, 8 parts of wollastonite powder, 15 parts of nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material, 10 parts of lamellar mica, 7 parts of potassium titanate whisker-coated glass fiber composite material and 7 parts of silicone rubber.
The preparation method of the modified fumed silica/Faku clay composite material comprises the following steps: adding 1 part by mass of modified fumed silica into 20 parts by mass of normal clay, uniformly mixing, and then grinding in a grinding machine for 3 hours to obtain a mixture; and placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, calcining for 2h at 860 ℃, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and grinding to obtain the modified fumed silica/Faku clay composite material.
The preparation method of the modified fumed silica comprises the following steps: mixing 1g of dried fumed silica with 1.5mL of anhydrous ethanol, slowly adding 0.05mL of vinyltriethoxysilane and 0.08mL of diphenyldimethoxysilane, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH to 7, stirring at the constant temperature of 48 ℃ for 10h, removing low molecular substances under vacuum at 100 ℃, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging, and drying under vacuum at 60 ℃ to obtain the modified fumed silica.
The preparation method of the nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material comprises the following steps: adding 1 part by mass of modified nano calcium carbonate into 25 parts by mass of nacrite, uniformly mixing, and then putting into a grinding machine to grind for 3 hours to obtain a mixture; placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, heating to 300 ℃ for calcining for 3h, heating to 850 ℃ for calcining for 3h, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and grinding to obtain the nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material;
the preparation method of the modified nano calcium carbonate comprises the following steps: dissolving 1g of titanium sulfate in 120mL of distilled water; continuously adding 1g of calcium carbonate, oscillating at room temperature, and performing suction filtration to obtain a product; dissolving 1g of product and 6g of urea in 50g of distilled water, adding 0.002g of sodium stearyl sulfate, dropwise adding 12g of titanium sulfate solution under the condition of stirring at 95 ℃, continuing to react for 80min after the dropwise addition is finished, cooling, performing suction filtration, washing until no precipitate is generated after the filtrate is detected by barium chloride, and drying for 10h at 90 ℃ to obtain the modified nano calcium carbonate.
The preparation method of the potassium titanate whisker coated glass fiber composite material comprises the following steps: adding 6g of potassium titanate whisker into 0.06g of silane coupling agent KH-560 for modification treatment, and drying to obtain modified potassium titanate whisker; and adding 1g of glass fiber into 30mL of ethanol, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30min, continuously adding the modified potassium titanate whisker, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 40min, and drying to obtain the potassium titanate whisker coated glass fiber composite material.
A preparation method of a high-strength suspension insulator for a high-voltage transmission line comprises the following steps:
s1, premixing the raw materials to obtain a premix, and then placing the premix into a ball mill to be ball-milled by adding water to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the premix to the water is 1:1.2, and the ball milling time is 15 h;
s2, sieving the obtained mixture and removing iron; then sequentially carrying out mud pressing, staleness, vacuum pugging, forming, blank trimming and drying to obtain a blank;
s3, pre-sintering the blank, wherein the pre-sintering temperature is 650 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 50min to obtain a pre-sintered part;
s4, heating the pre-sintered piece to 950 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 70min, heating to 1250 ℃ at a heating rate of 13 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 80 min; then heating to 1650 ℃ at the heating rate of 8 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 80 min; and then cooling to 1450 ℃ at the cooling speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 40min, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the sintered porcelain blank.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that: the modified fumed silica/Faku clay composite material and the potassium titanate whisker coated glass fiber composite material are not added in the formula.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that: the modified nano calcium carbonate composite material coated by nacrite and lamellar mica are not added in the formula.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that: in the step S4, the pre-sintered piece is directly heated to 1550 ℃, the temperature is kept for 60min, and then the pre-sintered piece is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace, so that the sintered porcelain blank is obtained.
Testing
Finished insulators with the same specification and rated voltage of 10KV are manufactured in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-3, 100 finished insulators are randomly selected, and a tensile load test, a rated mechanical load test and a bending load test are performed according to GB/T16927.1-2011, and the qualified rate is recorded. Wherein, the appearance inspection is used for observing whether the surface of the product is flat or not, whether cracks exist or not and the like; the tensile load test, the rated mechanical load test and the bending load test were all performed at an ambient temperature of 20 ℃, and it was checked whether or not they were broken within a certain period of time. Wherein the tensile load test is carried out for 60s at 35 KN; the rated mechanical load test is carried out for 60s at 70 KN; the bending load test was continued for 10s at 7 KN.
The test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Item 35KN tensile load test 70KN rated mechanical load test 7KN bending load test
Example 1 92% qualified 88% qualified 90% qualified
Example 2 95% qualified 91% qualified 89% qualified
Example 3 96% qualified 94% pass 93% qualified
Example 4 98% qualified 95% qualified 94% pass
Example 5 96% qualified 91% qualified 91% qualified
Comparative example 1 61% qualified 55% qualified 57% qualified
Comparative example 2 66% qualified 61% qualified 64% qualified
Comparative example 3 81% qualified 74% qualified 76% qualified
As can be seen from table 1, the tensile load performance, the mechanical load performance, and the bending load performance of the insulators prepared in examples 1 to 5 all meet the national standards. Comparing examples 1-5 with comparative examples 1-3, it can be seen that the tensile load performance, mechanical load performance and bending load performance of the insulator prepared in examples 1-5 are all significantly better than those of comparative example 1 (no modified fumed silica/Fakuai clay composite and potassium titanate whisker coated glass fiber composite are added to the formula), comparative example 2 (no pearl argil coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite and no lamellar mica are added to the formula) and comparative example 3 (the preparation methods are different), thus indicating that whether the modified fumed silica/Fakuai clay composite, the potassium titanate whisker coated glass fiber composite, the pearl argil coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite and the lamellar mica are added and the preparation method all affect the mechanical performance of the prepared insulator, and the invention selects the components with proper proportions, and a proper preparation method is adopted, so that the prepared insulator has high strength.
The above are merely characteristic embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. All technical solutions formed by equivalent exchanges or equivalent substitutions fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A high-strength suspension insulator for a high-voltage transmission line is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
15-21 parts of modified fumed silica/Fakuai clay composite material, 20-30 parts of mullite, 6-10 parts of industrial alumina powder, 2-6 parts of titanium dioxide, 4-8 parts of wollastonite powder, 10-15 parts of pearl argil coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material, 4-10 parts of lamellar mica, 3-7 parts of potassium titanate whisker coated glass fiber composite material and 3-7 parts of silicone rubber;
the preparation method of the modified fumed silica/Faku clay composite material comprises the following steps: adding 1 part by mass of modified fumed silica into 10-20 parts by mass of Faku clay, uniformly mixing, and then placing into a grinding machine for grinding for 2-3 hours to obtain a mixture; placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, calcining for 2-3 h at 820-860 ℃, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and grinding to obtain the modified fumed silica/Fakuai clay composite material;
the preparation method of the modified fumed silica comprises the following steps: mixing 1g of dried fumed silica with 1-1.5 mL of anhydrous ethanol, slowly adding 0.03-0.05 mL of vinyltriethoxysilane and 0.06-0.08 mL of diphenyldimethoxysilane, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7, stirring at a constant temperature of 43-48 ℃ for 10-20 h, removing low molecular substances under vacuum at 100 ℃, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging, and drying under vacuum at 50-60 ℃ to obtain the modified fumed silica;
the preparation method of the nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material comprises the following steps: adding 1 part by mass of modified nano calcium carbonate into 15-25 parts by mass of nacrite, uniformly mixing, and then putting into a grinding machine to grind for 2-3 hours to obtain a mixture; placing the mixture in a muffle furnace, heating to 280-300 ℃ for calcining for 2-3 h, heating to 800-850 ℃ for calcining for 2-3 h, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and grinding to obtain the nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material;
the preparation method of the modified nano calcium carbonate comprises the following steps: dissolving 1-1.2 g of titanium sulfate in 100-120 mL of distilled water; continuously adding 1-1.2 g of calcium carbonate, oscillating at room temperature, and performing suction filtration to obtain a product; dissolving 1g of product and 5-6 g of urea in 45-50 g of distilled water, adding 0.001-0.002 g of sodium stearyl sulfate, dropwise adding 10-12 g of titanium sulfate solution at 85-95 ℃ under the stirring condition, continuing to react for 60-80 min after the dropwise adding is finished, cooling, carrying out suction filtration and washing until no precipitate is generated after the filtrate is detected by barium chloride, and drying at 85-90 ℃ for 8-10 h to obtain modified nano calcium carbonate;
the preparation method of the potassium titanate whisker coated glass fiber composite material comprises the following steps: adding 5-6 g of potassium titanate whisker into 0.05-0.06 g of silane coupling agent for modification treatment, and drying to obtain modified potassium titanate whisker; adding 1g of glass fiber into 20-30 mL of ethanol, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20-30 min, continuously adding the modified potassium titanate whisker, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30-40 min, and drying to obtain a potassium titanate whisker coated glass fiber composite material;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, premixing the raw materials to obtain a premix, and then placing the premix into a ball mill to be ball-milled by adding water to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the premix to water is 1: 1.1-1.2, and the ball milling time is 10-15 h;
s2, sieving the obtained mixture and removing iron; then sequentially carrying out mud pressing, staleness, vacuum pugging, forming, blank trimming and drying to obtain a blank;
s3, pre-sintering the blank, wherein the pre-sintering temperature is 600-650 ℃, and preserving heat for 40-50 min to obtain a pre-sintered part;
s4, sintering the pre-sintered piece, heating the pre-sintered piece to 860-950 ℃ at a heating rate of 12-15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 50-70 min, heating to 1150-1250 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-13 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 60-80 min; heating to 1550-1650 ℃ at the heating rate of 6-8 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 60-80 min; and then cooling to 1350-1450 ℃ at a cooling speed of 3-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 20-40 min, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the sintered porcelain blank.
2. The high-strength suspension insulator for the high-voltage transmission line according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
16-20 parts of modified fumed silica/Fakuai clay composite material, 22-28 parts of mullite, 7-9 parts of industrial alumina powder, 3-5 parts of titanium dioxide, 5-7 parts of wollastonite powder, 11-14 parts of nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material, 5-9 parts of lamellar mica, 4-6 parts of potassium titanate whisker-coated glass fiber composite material and 4-6 parts of silicone rubber.
3. The high-strength suspension insulator for the high-voltage transmission line according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
18 parts of modified fumed silica/Faku clay composite material, 25 parts of mullite, 8 parts of industrial alumina powder, 4 parts of titanium dioxide, 6 parts of wollastonite powder, 13 parts of nacrite-coated modified nano calcium carbonate composite material, 7 parts of lamellar mica, 5 parts of potassium titanate whisker-coated glass fiber composite material and 5 parts of silicone rubber.
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