CN113944476A - Construction method suitable for hard rock cantilever heading machine - Google Patents
Construction method suitable for hard rock cantilever heading machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN113944476A CN113944476A CN202111373103.9A CN202111373103A CN113944476A CN 113944476 A CN113944476 A CN 113944476A CN 202111373103 A CN202111373103 A CN 202111373103A CN 113944476 A CN113944476 A CN 113944476A
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003197 gene knockdown Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/106—Making by using boring or cutting machines with percussive tools, e.g. pick-hammers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
- E21D9/126—Loading devices or installations
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, in particular to a construction method suitable for a hard rock cantilever excavator, which comprises the following steps: cutting a first deep groove in the middle of the tunnel face by using a cantilever tunneling machine; cutting a second deep groove on the tunnel face towards two sides by taking the deep groove as a center, and forming a support wall between the first deep groove and the second deep groove; drilling holes at the upper end and the lower end of the support wall; striking back the support wall with the hole by using the cantilever excavator; and finishing excavation of the tunnel face. The invention divides the tunnel face into a plurality of parts, cuts a first deep groove in the middle of the tunnel face, cuts a second deep groove on two sides of the tunnel face, and crushes the support walls on two sides by knocking down the support wall in the middle, thereby greatly reducing the construction time, supporting the tunnel face to a certain extent while cutting, and prolonging the service life of the cantilever tunneling machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a construction method suitable for a hard rock cantilever heading machine.
Background
The cantilever tunneling machine is a partial section tunneling machine suitable for tunnel construction, and has the advantages of convenient construction, continuous tunneling, no burst vibration, small disturbance to surrounding rocks, delayed generation of rock deformation, reduction of overexcavation, saving of lining cost, contribution to control of ground settlement in subway construction and the like.
When the traditional cantilever excavator is constructed, excavation is generally carried out from top to bottom and gradually upwards from the bottom. After completion of the lower portion, the spoil is temporarily deposited in the surrounding area without affecting the subsequent excavation, as shown in figure 1. With the development of underground engineering, the construction mode has more and more defects, the working efficiency of the heading machine is low, the working environment is poor, and the like.
Traditional construction method-section method: after the cantilever type heading machine is in place, a groove is cut horizontally from the bottom of the tunnel face, the heading machine is moved forward to be in place again, and after the cantilever type heading machine is in place, the cutting head performs circular cutting from bottom to top and from left to right, as shown in figure 1. During cutting of the cutting pick, the blade portion loads the cut ballast into the first conveyor, then transfers to the second conveyor, and then is transported out of the excavation by a ballast discharge car, as shown in fig. 2.
Traditional construction method-step method
1) And (5) constructing an upper step.
And (4) performing tunneling and excavation on the section of the upper step, directly receiving materials at the rear part by adopting an excavator, a loader or a truck, and conveying the cut slag to a specified position.
2) And (5) constructing the next step.
And the residual sections after the upper step is excavated are lower step excavated sections, and the lower step excavated sections are forwards excavated to a distance close to the total footage of the upper step by adopting an excavating machine. And directly receiving the materials by adopting an excavator, a loader or a truck at the rear part, and conveying the cut slag materials to a specified position. As shown in fig. 3.
In summary, the following steps: in the traditional construction method, because the cutting head of the cantilever excavator is longer, the manufactured primary support is easy to damage in the process of each excavation construction; during the construction process of the cantilever excavator, a large amount of dust can be generated, and the working environment is good.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the construction time is greatly reduced, certain support is made on the tunnel face while cutting is carried out, the service life of the cantilever tunneling machine is prolonged, and the construction method suitable for the hard rock cantilever tunneling machine is provided and comprises the following steps:
cutting a first deep groove in the middle of the tunnel face by using a cantilever tunneling machine;
cutting a second deep groove on the tunnel face towards two sides by taking the first deep groove as a center, and forming a support wall between the first deep groove and the second deep groove;
drilling holes at the upper end and the lower end of the support wall;
striking back the support wall with the hole by using the cantilever excavator;
and finishing excavation of the tunnel face.
Preferably, the cantilever excavator performs deep groove cutting on the tunnel face in a mode from bottom to top.
Preferably, when the deep groove is cut on the palm surface, the method comprises the following steps:
measuring the width of the face and marking the center line of the face;
marking the tunnel face with the central line as a base point at equal intervals to form a deep groove cutting line;
cutting the deep groove cutting line by a cantilever excavator;
during cutting, the shoveling plates load the cut slag into a slag discharging vehicle and transport the slag out of the excavation tunnel;
and finishing the deep groove cutting.
Preferably, the diameter of the hole is equal to the thickness of the support wall, and the hole is tangential to the upper surface and the lower surface of the excavation tunnel.
Preferably, the drilling comprises the following steps:
measuring the thickness of the support wall and marking the central point of the support wall;
drawing a circle tangent to the excavated pavement at the lower and upper ends of the supporting wall by taking the central point as a circle center and taking a half of the thickness of the supporting wall as a radius;
the circle is drilled using a drill.
Preferably, when the supporting wall with the hole is knocked down, the method comprises the following steps:
adjusting the cantilever excavator to the maximum position away from the support wall;
hammering the upper part of the support wall in the middle by the cantilever excavator;
hammering the support walls on the two sides of the tunnel face;
and finally, crushing the knocked down support wall.
Preferably, the construction method further comprises the step of cleaning the tunnel face.
Preferably, the cleaning of the tunnel face comprises the following steps:
firstly, conveying the crushed support wall out of the excavation tunnel;
cleaning residues above the excavation tunnel by the cantilever excavator;
then cleaning residues below the excavation tunnel;
conveying the cleaned residues out of the excavation tunnel;
and finishing the cleaning of the palm surface.
Preferably, the dust is removed by spraying water when cutting a deep groove, drilling a hole, and striking back the support wall with the hole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the tunnel face is divided into a plurality of parts, the first deep groove is cut in the middle of the tunnel face, the second deep groove is cut on two sides of the tunnel face, the middle support wall is knocked down to smash the support walls on the two sides, the construction time is greatly reduced, certain support is made on the tunnel face while cutting is carried out, and the service life of the cantilever heading machine is prolonged;
2. the construction method can reduce the excavation area of the tunnel face 1/4-3/4, fundamentally reduce dust and harmful gas, and increase the utilization rate of the cut and knocked down stone as backfill.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional excavation method of a cantilever excavator in the prior art;
FIG. 2 illustrates a prior art break method construction;
FIG. 3 illustrates a construction method of a step method in the prior art;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural view of a deep groove cutting line in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a deep trench in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of the structure of a hole in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 shows a schematic structural diagram of the support wall after being knocked down in the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1. digging a tunnel; 2. cutting a line by a deep groove; 3. a first deep groove; 4. a second deep groove; 5. a support wall; 6. and (4) a hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a construction method suitable for a hard rock cantilever heading machine, which comprises the following steps of:
1) determining deep groove cutting position
When cutting deep grooves on the face, the width of the face is measured first, and the center line of the face is marked, as shown in fig. 4.
And marking the tunnel face with the central line as a base point at equal intervals to form deep groove cutting lines 2, wherein the central line can be drawn by adopting paint, lime, a marker pen and the like so as to facilitate subsequent cutting positioning.
Such as: the width of the excavation tunnel is 10 meters, and the position of the central line is marked at the position of 5 meters; the cut lines were then marked at positions of 2.5 meters and 7.5 meters, respectively. Or, the multiple equidistant divisions are performed according to the actual needs, and no specific constraint is made here.
And cutting the deep groove cutting line 2 by using a cantilever tunneling machine, and cutting a deep groove I3 in the middle of the tunnel face. And cutting a deep groove II 4 from the tunnel face to two sides by taking the deep groove I3 as a center, and forming a support wall 5 between the deep groove I3 and the deep groove II 4, as shown in figure 5. The depth of the deep grooves is set according to actual tunneling needs, and the depths of the multiple groups of deep grooves are kept the same so as to facilitate the subsequent work of knocking down the support wall 5.
When cutting the deep groove, adopt from bottom to top mode to go on for the disintegrating slag can drop naturally, is convenient for to the clearance of residue. During cutting, the shoveling plates load the cut slag into a slag discharging vehicle and transport the slag out of the excavation tunnel; in addition, when the deep groove is cut, spraying dust fall work is carried out to reduce dust flying,
and finishing the deep groove cutting.
2) Drilling 6 the support wall 5
The holes 6 are positioned at the upper and lower ends of the supporting wall 5, the diameter of the holes 6 is equal to the thickness of the supporting wall, and the holes are tangent to the upper and lower surfaces of the excavation so that the upper and lower ends of the supporting wall 5 are separated from the top and bottom of the excavation to facilitate subsequent knock-down work, as shown in fig. 6.
When drilling, the following operations are firstly carried out to ensure the accuracy of the position of the hole 6;
measuring the thickness of the support wall 5 and marking the central point of the support wall;
drawing a circle tangent to the excavated pavement at the lower and upper ends of the supporting wall 5 by taking the central point as a circle center and taking a half of the thickness of the supporting wall 5 as a radius;
drilling the circle by using a drilling machine, and spraying water for dust reduction during drilling; the depth of the hole 6 is the same as that of the support wall 5, so that the support wall 5 can be knocked down conveniently;
after drilling, the residues are cleaned, and the drilling work is finished.
3) Knock down the buttress 5
After the above work is completed, the cantilever excavator is used for knocking down the support wall 5 with the hole 6;
when knocking down the support wall 5 with the holes 6, the method comprises the following steps:
adjusting the cantilever excavator to the maximum position away from the support wall to ensure the safety distance; alternatively, a guard such as a baffle may be provided at the front end of the boom miner to prevent the debris from splashing on the boom miner when the support wall 5 falls down, thereby improving safety.
The cantilever excavator hammers the middle support wall 5 at the top. Or, the upper and lower alternative hammering is adopted, when the middle support wall 5 falls down obliquely, a certain impact force can be caused to the support walls 5 on the two sides, and a certain section can be caused to the impact force, so that the pressure of the cantilever excavator for hammering the support walls 5 on the two sides is reduced, the service life of the cantilever excavator is prolonged, and meanwhile, the working efficiency can be improved.
And hammering the support walls 5 on the two sides of the tunnel face, and finally crushing the knocked-down support walls 5. And spraying dust reduction work is carried out in the process of crushing and knocking down the supporting wall, and the work of knocking down the supporting wall 5 is completed.
4) Cleaning of palm surface
The palm surface cleaning method comprises the following steps:
the crushed supporting wall 5 is firstly transported out of the excavation tunnel. For a specific transportation mode, reference may be made to the prior art, which is not described herein.
The cantilever excavator cleans residues above and below the excavation tunnel 1, and the residues are residues between the support wall 5 and the excavation tunnel 1 and are cleaned so as to facilitate the subsequent tunnel face excavation work.
Conveying the cleaned residues out of the excavation tunnel;
and finishing the cleaning of the palm surface.
5) And finishing excavation of the tunnel face.
In summary, the following steps: the invention greatly reduces the construction time, and the working face is supported to a certain extent while cutting, thereby prolonging the service life of the cantilever heading machine equipment. The construction method can reduce the excavation area of the tunnel face 1/4-3/4, fundamentally reduce dust and harmful gas, and increase the utilization rate of the cut and knocked down stone as backfill.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A construction method suitable for a hard rock cantilever heading machine is characterized by comprising the following steps: the construction method comprises the following steps:
cutting a first deep groove in the middle of the tunnel face by using a cantilever tunneling machine;
cutting a second deep groove on the tunnel face towards two sides by taking the first deep groove as a center, and forming a support wall between the first deep groove and the second deep groove;
drilling holes at the upper end and the lower end of the support wall;
striking back the support wall with the hole by using the cantilever excavator;
and finishing excavation of the tunnel face.
2. The construction method of the hard rock cantilever excavator according to claim 1, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: when the cantilever tunneling machine cuts deep grooves on the tunnel face, the deep grooves are cut in a mode from bottom to top.
3. The construction method of the hard rock cantilever excavator according to claim 2, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: when the deep groove is cut on the face of a palm, the method comprises the following steps:
measuring the width of the face and marking the center line of the face;
marking the tunnel face with the central line as a base point at equal intervals to form a deep groove cutting line;
cutting the deep groove cutting line by a cantilever excavator;
during cutting, the shoveling plates load the cut slag into a slag discharging vehicle and transport the slag out of the excavation tunnel;
and finishing the deep groove cutting.
4. The construction method of the hard rock cantilever excavator according to claim 1, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: the diameter of the hole is equal to the thickness of the support wall, and the hole is tangent to the upper surface and the lower surface of the excavation tunnel.
5. The construction method of the hard rock cantilever excavator according to claim 4, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: when drilling, the method comprises the following steps:
measuring the thickness of the support wall and marking the central point of the support wall;
drawing a circle tangent to the excavated pavement at the lower and upper ends of the supporting wall by taking the central point as a circle center and taking a half of the thickness of the supporting wall as a radius;
the circle is drilled using a drill.
6. The construction method of the hard rock cantilever excavator according to claim 1, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: when the support wall with the hole is knocked down, the method comprises the following steps:
adjusting the cantilever excavator to the maximum position away from the support wall;
hammering the upper part of the support wall in the middle by the cantilever excavator;
hammering the support walls on the two sides of the tunnel face;
and finally, crushing the knocked down support wall.
7. The construction method of the hard rock cantilever excavator according to claim 6, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: the construction method also comprises the step of cleaning the tunnel face.
8. The construction method of the hard rock cantilever excavator according to claim 7, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: the palm surface cleaning method comprises the following steps:
firstly, conveying the crushed support wall out of the excavation tunnel;
cleaning residues above the excavation tunnel by the cantilever excavator;
then cleaning residues below the excavation tunnel;
conveying the cleaned residues out of the excavation tunnel;
and finishing the cleaning of the palm surface.
9. The construction method of the hard rock cantilever excavator according to claim 1, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: and spraying water to reduce dust when the deep groove is cut, the hole is drilled and the support wall with the hole is knocked down.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111373103.9A CN113944476A (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2021-11-19 | Construction method suitable for hard rock cantilever heading machine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111373103.9A CN113944476A (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2021-11-19 | Construction method suitable for hard rock cantilever heading machine |
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| CN113944476A true CN113944476A (en) | 2022-01-18 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116066134A (en) * | 2023-02-20 | 2023-05-05 | 四川蓝海智能装备制造有限公司 | Tunnel construction process based on parallel slag tapping |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03235895A (en) * | 1990-02-09 | 1991-10-21 | Nishimatsu Kensetsu Kk | Tunnel driving method |
| CN106677788A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-05-17 | 张华� | Mechanical excavation method for hard-rock tunnel with medium-short length |
| CN110905543A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-03-24 | 中冶交通建设集团有限公司 | Tunnel excavation method |
| CN113107497A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-13 | 中铁工程服务有限公司 | Hard rock tunnel tunneling construction method |
| CN113446024A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-09-28 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | Construction method of tunnel with any section in hard rock stratum |
-
2021
- 2021-11-19 CN CN202111373103.9A patent/CN113944476A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03235895A (en) * | 1990-02-09 | 1991-10-21 | Nishimatsu Kensetsu Kk | Tunnel driving method |
| CN106677788A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-05-17 | 张华� | Mechanical excavation method for hard-rock tunnel with medium-short length |
| CN110905543A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-03-24 | 中冶交通建设集团有限公司 | Tunnel excavation method |
| CN113107497A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-13 | 中铁工程服务有限公司 | Hard rock tunnel tunneling construction method |
| CN113446024A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-09-28 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | Construction method of tunnel with any section in hard rock stratum |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116066134A (en) * | 2023-02-20 | 2023-05-05 | 四川蓝海智能装备制造有限公司 | Tunnel construction process based on parallel slag tapping |
| CN116066134B (en) * | 2023-02-20 | 2023-09-12 | 四川蓝海智能装备制造有限公司 | Tunnel construction process based on parallel slag tapping |
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