CN113940270A - Offshore deep sea intertidal belt type culture supporting device and culture supporting method - Google Patents
Offshore deep sea intertidal belt type culture supporting device and culture supporting method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
Offshore deep and distant sea intertidal belt type breeding supporting device comprises a hollow stay bar, a drawing bar and a tubular pile supporting foundation, wherein one end of the drawing bar is inserted into the hollow stay bar and is fixedly connected with the hollow stay bar through an anti-dropping connecting rope, a plurality of uniformly distributed pistons are fixedly arranged on the drawing bar, the other end of the drawing bar is installed on the tubular pile supporting foundation through a ball head gap, and a supporting tray matched with the ball head is arranged on the tubular pile supporting foundation. The culture supporting device can automatically float along with the movement during high tide and automatically support by sliding during low tide, so that the culture net field can automatically vertically float during high tide and always float on the sea surface, and organisms such as cultured seaweed and the like receive sunlight to perform photosynthesis to absorb nutrients in seawater for reproduction and growth; can automatically slide down in low tide, is dried and aired after leaving water, removes bacteria and impurities, promotes material exchange, can increase both production and income, can purify water quality, controls environment, and is favorable for building a natural ecosystem.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an offshore deep and remote intertidal belt type aquaculture supporting device and an aquaculture supporting method of the offshore deep and remote intertidal belt type aquaculture supporting device.
Background
Along with market demand increase and the need of maintaining the environment, offshore deep water district ecological breeding is the only sustainable development way, and the deep water sea area has the advantage such as pollute for a short time, the temperature is low, the water body exchange is big, the nutrient is sufficient, ecological environment is good, but has high input, high risk, the success rate is low, the repayment is low scheduling problem simultaneously to, deep water sea area breed climatic conditions are abominable: large wind, large wave and large tide.
In recent decades, people have been constantly moving towards offshore deep water areas to ensure harvesting, and have cultivated seaweeds such as: a laver culture technology, namely a intertidal raft frame type mudflat culture method (a little part of Nantong and Liyun harbor are available) started from artificial culture; a support type cultivation method and an inserted rod type cultivation method of the zone under the tide; until now, a few successful roll-over cultivation methods, triangular frame cultivation methods, U-shaped tube cultivation methods and the like are applied, but the problems exist, such as severe weather environment, difficult implementation, development to a bottleneck and necessity of extensive innovation.
The existing culture method has the following defects:
1. all require manual operation; the seaweed such as purple vegetables attached to the net curtain is separated from water and dried, the labor intensity is high, and the operation on the sea surface is difficult; the exposure time is greatly influenced by weather and non-artificial factors, and cannot be controlled in time, so that the result that the seaweed is ill and not harvested, even harvested absolutely is often caused;
for example, in the early intertidal zone of the tidal flat, although natural dew and original ecological growth can be obtained, because the water pollution of the intertidal zone of the tidal flat is serious, the water temperature is high, the nutrition is lacked, the sea area space is small, and the influences of factors such as sudden climate which often appears at present can not be resisted, the cultivated marine products have short harvesting period, low yield, easy illness, poor quality and easy extinction, and the method is basically eliminated;
2. the wind wave resistance is poor; the inserted link length of the inserted link type cultivation is from six meters to twelve meters at the beginning to twenty-one to twenty-four meters at present, the overlong inserted link or pillar is used in the storm tide of the open sea, the inserted link or the pillar is easy to break, the loss is large, the seaweed laver cannot be lifted in time to be dried out of water and dried and aired, the disease is reduced, the pollution of the wild algae is caused, and in addition, the broken rod body brings new pollution to the sea;
3. when the dried dew is aired, the effect is poor, and the dryness is not thorough; the cultivation dew drying methods of turning type, triangular frame type, U-shaped tube type and the like are all characterized in that two floating supporting points are connected with each other to support a load, are extremely unstable in stormy waves and cannot be supported, and only the gravity center is excessively low and dew is dried; near the sea surface, the sea wind blows the water foam of the wave tips to be sprayed on the growth substrate net curtain, and the water foam is half-dry and not dry, so that the green algae, the diatom and other miscellaneous algae and germs can not be thoroughly eliminated, the quality of the seaweed laver is reduced, inorganic matters are less converted into organic matters during growth, the yield is reduced, and the seaweed laver is extremely easy to be harvested;
4. the above methods have the phenomena of heavy water separation and insufficient dry and dew strength when the seaweed (such as laver) grows, and the load performance of the device and the method is poor; the existing method adopts a 'hanging' or 'supporting' mode to drive growth substrate to be exposed, such as: when the laver on the laver net curtain is long, the laver is separated from water and dried, the load is large, the dynamic load is difficult to control, and the device is unstable due to slightly large sea wave impact, the phenomena of damaging cultivation equipment and the like are caused, so that the cultivation fails; therefore, when the weather of strong wind and big waves is forecasted, the cultivation personnel can adopt a method of protecting the device without hanging or supporting, cultivated organisms cannot be dried and exposed in time, and can only be placed in water for a long time to be soaked for a long time, and the cultivated organisms are left to be washed by the wind waves;
5. in strong wind and heavy waves, seaweed (such as laver) growing on a growth substrate (a net curtain and the like) is easy to wash off, so that the yield is reduced, and even the seaweed is harvested absolutely; the first reason is as follows: is determined by the method for providing the growth mode of the cultured organisms; or the biological dehydration is still caused by the weather or human factors for several days; or the leaves are soaked in seawater for growing for a long time, and the leaves expand to lose elasticity and have poor toughness; the second reason is that: the culture device can not synchronously follow or inhibit the fluctuation of sea waves by the above method and is caused by passive impact;
6. when the culture device is used, the resistance is large, the water body exchange is blocked, the culture device is connected into a culture field, particularly when the flood tide current flows in, the culture device always floats on the sea surface, the water body flows into the field, the organisms cannot absorb sufficient nutrients, the metabolites cannot be taken away in time, the ecological vicious circle is caused, and meanwhile, the produced resistance is easy to damage the culture device;
7. the natural intertidal zone growth environment cannot be completely built, and the healthy growth and normal evolution of the cultured organisms are influenced for a long time; during artificial management, organisms can only grow according to the limited environment of the zone above or below the tide, and the original ecological healthy and vigorous growth environment cannot be completely provided;
8. the extreme climate change cannot be coped or resisted, and the normal growth of the cultured organisms cannot be met; when the temperature is reduced strongly in the early winter, the air temperature on the sea surface is suitable for the growth of seaweed (laver and the like), but the seawater temperature is relatively high at the moment and is not suitable for long-term soaking growth, and the manpower can not be used for timely dew management in tide each time, only the culture device can be soaked in high-temperature seawater for a long time, is not beneficial to the growth of cultured organisms, and is easy to scald particularly in the seedling period; in the winter season, strong cold tide sometimes happens to cause sudden temperature drop, the temperature of the seawater is stable, the dry and exposed cultured organisms are required to be placed in the seawater in time, but when the wind and the wave are large, the workers cannot manage the organisms in place in time, and only the organisms are frozen to reduce yield or stop harvesting;
9. the ecological cultivation of multiple nutrition layers cannot be realized, only single organisms (such as laver, undaria pinnatifida, kelp parvifolia and the like) can be cultivated, the complementary cultivation water quality purification function is not realized, the space utilization is low, the efficiency is low, the income is less, and the ecological environment pollution of the cultivation sea area is easily caused;
10. the rod can not be applied to offshore deep water areas to realize seaweed cultivation, and the rod for inserted rod type cultivation can be used for cultivation in muddy seabed sea areas with the water depth of twelve to thirteen meters when the length reaches twenty-three meters; the overlong inserted bar is difficult to control and straighten, so that the resistance in water is increased, the deepwater aquaculture sea area is difficult to resist wind waves, the bar can be frequently broken, and the aquaculture organisms cannot be dried in the dew and air in time, so that the aquaculture cannot be carried out.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art and provides an offshore deep and distant sea intertidal belt type culture supporting device which automatically floats with the follow-up of high tide, automatically supports with the slip of low tide and has strong wind wave resistance.
The invention also provides a culture supporting method of the offshore deep and distant sea intertidal belt type culture supporting device.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that for the offshore deep and far sea intertidal belt type culture supporting device, the culture supporting device is a hollow tubular hollow supporting rod made of high-molecular high-strength anticorrosive composite materials, and a hollow thin rod made of the same composite materials and arranged in the inner cavity of the hollow supporting rod form a pumping combination, and a plurality of plastic pistons which are uniformly distributed and fixed are arranged on the thin rod and penetrate through the inner cavity of the middle lower section of the hollow supporting rod; the plastic piston is tightly matched with the inner cavity of the hollow support rod, and can absorb and press air or seawater to generate damping hysteresis during working: the wind wave resistance of the invention can be improved; secondly, marine organisms cultured on the growth substrate can be prevented from being washed away; thirdly, the gas or the seawater can be exchanged from the water surface to the underwater bottom layer up and down, and the ecological environment of the culture sea area is treated and improved.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme, for the offshore deep and far sea intertidal belt type cultivation supporting device, the head end of the hollow stay bar is bound into a whole by a rope groove through a cross point which is provided with an anti-cracking fastening injection molding part with a rope groove and corresponds to an external upper cultivation net field, the short nylon rope is bound into a whole by the rope groove and floats with the sea cultivation net field, the middle lower section of the hollow stay bar is controlled by a pull bar with a plastic piston and inserted into an inner cavity of the pull bar, the tail end of the pull bar is firstly a ball head consisting of two hemispheres, the ball head is arranged at the center of a supporting base tray corresponding to the sea bottom after being matched and clamped, and a three-jaw gland with a pull bar hole reserved at the top end is fixed with the supporting tray through self-tapping, and the offshore deep and far sea intertidal belt type cultivation supporting device is characterized in that: the tail end of a hollow draw rod with a piston is fixed on a tray at the top end of a submarine tubular pile along with each set of supporting device, and a tubular pile supporting foundation is fixed on the seabed vertically below a corresponding cross point of a sea surface cultivation net field;
the upper end of the draw-out rod and the plastic pistons which are uniformly arranged and fixed are arranged in the inner cavity of the middle-lower section of the hollow stay rod together, the top end of the draw-out rod is provided with a sealing fastening injection molding part with a reserved hole, one end of the sealing fastening injection molding part is fastened by a section of thin rope with a through hole, the other end of the sealing fastening injection molding part is connected with the reserved hole of the anti-cracking fastening part at the top end opening of the inner cavity of the hollow stay rod and fastened, and the draw-out rod is drawn out from the lower end opening of the hollow stay rod to derail in case of high tide and heavy waves.
The hollow stay bar rises and falls with the sea surface cultivation net field or the wave peak and valley, the draw-out bar is used as a slide way, and the upper and lower belts slide with damping; when the falling tide sea surface descends to promote the lower end opening of the hollow support rod to slide into the buffer groove of the seabed support tray, the hollow support rod gradually supports the ecological cultivation net field without descending along with the descending of the sea surface, and a plurality of support devices uniformly distributed below the cross-shaped cross point support the whole sea surface cultivation net field together and leave water to dry and dry.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that when the tail end of the pulling rod is clamped and assembled, the tail end of the pulling rod and the ball head penetrate through a through bolt to be fastened and fastened firmly so as to prevent the tail end of the pulling rod from being pulled away from the clamped ball head, and the ball head is provided with a three-jaw gland fastener with a pulling rod hole reserved at the top end, when the ball head is pressed and fastened and assembled with the center of the supporting tray, a reserved ball head moving space is reserved after fastening, when the head end of the hollow supporting rod moves up and down along with the sea surface cultivation net field or swings along with the surge, the middle lower section of the hollow supporting rod is controlled by the pulling rod in the cavity, and after the tail end of the pulling rod is clamped by the ball head, the gap is controlled at the center of the seabed supporting tray, the hollow stay bar can move up and down by taking the drawing bar as a slideway, and can also meet the requirements that the hollow stay bar obliquely swings and freely moves by taking a ball head at the tail end of the drawing bar as an original point, and the hollow stay bar is stamped and distorted by following wave tide, so that the loss problems of bending, breaking, distortion and cracking of the hollow stay bar are fundamentally solved, the reliability and the durability of the device are enhanced, and the wind and wave resistance of the device is further improved.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that for the offshore deep and far sea intertidal belt type culture supporting device, a hollow thin rod made of another composite material and inserted into the cavity of a hollow support rod, namely a drawing rod in a supporting system, a plurality of fusiform plastic pistons are uniformly distributed from the head end to the tail end, the pistons and the outer wall of the drawing rod are fixedly combined in two parts, the pistons and the outer wall of the drawing rod are assembled by a fixing method of clamping through rubber pads in through grooves of the pistons, and the outer wall of the drawing rod is fixedly positioned by screwing and poking through positioning self-tapping arranged on the pistons, so that when the pistons and the drawing rod move up and down in the cavity of the hollow support rod together, the pistons and the drawing rod slide way are mutually slipped and shifted, and the effects of acting as a slide way, generating damping buffer, driving water-air exchange and governing the ecological environment of a culture sea area are lost or reduced.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that for the offshore deep and far sea intertidal belt type culture supporting device, a plurality of fusiform plastic pistons are fixedly sleeved on the drawing rod, in order to ensure that the pistons can reliably and durably run in the inner cavity of the middle-lower section of the hollow support rod, the convex arc part of the piston and the inner wall of the hollow support rod are sealed and wear-resistant, and particularly, a plurality of piston ring grooves are arranged at the convex arc part, and wear-resistant elastic piston rings made of reaction-molded engineering plastics are embedded in the grooves, so that the requirements of sealing air and sealing water to generate damping and wear-resistant effects and being capable of being used in seawater for a long time are met.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that for the offshore deep and far sea intertidal belt type cultivation supporting device, an anti-cracking fastening injection molding piece with a rope groove is installed at the top end of a hollow supporting rod, the upper part of the hollow supporting rod is a conical body, a plurality of rope grooves are formed in the outer body from top to bottom in the circumferential direction and used for bundling and fixing cross points in a sea surface cultivation net field, the lower half part of the fastening injection molding piece is inserted into a top port of the hollow supporting rod and is a cylinder, a plurality of protruding arc edges are formed in the circumferential direction of the periphery of the fastening injection molding piece and are tightly matched with the inner cavity of the hollow supporting rod to play a role of sealing and preventing seawater from entering, and the joint of the conical body and the cylinder plug is manufactured into a structure similar to a bottle cap, so that the outer wall of the port can be locked when the cylinder plug enters the top port of the hollow supporting rod to prevent the port from cracking, and the conical body and the cylindrical plug are fixed at the top end of the hollow supporting rod.
A through hole is arranged at the top end of the conical body, the shape of the hole opening is the same as that of the outer wall of the drawing rod, a hollow drawing rod is used, a small amount of the drawing rod is vertically inserted into the through hole and fixed, a layer of striking reflective membrane is arranged on the outer wall of the hollow drawing rod and used for reminding the position of a passing ship breeding net field in an offshore deep water area to avoid accidents, an adjustable one-way valve with a fixed rope groove is inserted into the upper end opening of the hollow thin tube, the buoyancy and the suction and discharge amount or the air amount of the hollow drawing rod when the hollow drawing rod floats are controlled, the cross-shaped cross point in the breeding net field can be used for being fastened and fixed with the fixed rope groove on the adjustable one-way valve, the water leaving height of the whole breeding net field is improved, the dry exposure time is prolonged, and the correction is carried out when the breeding organism is blocked in the case of sudden weather.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that the offshore deep and distant sea intertidal belt type cultivation supporting device slides along the drawing rod in low tide, and the lower end of the offshore deep and distant sea intertidal belt type cultivation supporting device is arranged in the buffer groove in the center of the seabed supporting tray to support the offshore cultivation net field to be dry and exposed. A bell-mouth-shaped plastic hoop is arranged at the lower port of the hollow stay bar and is fixed with the lower port bar body through self-tapping, and the minimum inner diameter of the hoop is the same as the inner diameter of the port of the hollow stay bar; firstly, the lower port of the hollow support rod is prevented from being cracked and damaged when the tray is impacted by frequent landing; secondly, the plastic piston on the drawing rod is convenient to move in and out of the lower port of the hollow support rod smoothly and freely.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that the fixed tubular piles inserted into the seabed sediment in the offshore deep and far sea intertidal belt type culture supporting device and the seabed supporting foundation are replaced by the waste composite short pipes broken and eliminated in culture such as inserted rods or pillars, so that the new pollution can be eliminated, and the waste can be changed into valuable; the length of the tubular pile can be determined according to the hardness degree of the seabed foundation in the culture sea area; in order to make the pipe pile vertically inserted into the seabed mud layer support firmly, an inverted cone plastic shoe is sleeved on the lower end opening of the pipe pile, so that the supporting area of the pipe pile in the mud is increased, and the settlement is prevented. The supporting tray is arranged at the upper port of the tubular pile, and the sleeved pipe head part and the pipe body are screwed and fixed in a penetrating manner through self-tapping; a plurality of round holes are uniformly formed in the edge of the supporting tray, and when the supporting device is integrally inserted into the seabed, a rope penetrates through the lifting tray to prop against the lower port of the hollow stay bar, so that the supporting device and the hollow stay bar can be conveniently inserted into a mud layer together for fixing; and secondly, the round holes can be used as fastening points for fastening the seabed cultivation net cage, so that the seabed layer cultivation of the multi-nutrition layer cultivation is realized.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that when each set of supporting device is inserted into the seabed for fixing, in order to prevent the stress deflection of the pipe pile in use, a mutual reinforcement is sleeved along the pipe pile body below the center of the back of the supporting tray, a fastener is injected into a three-jaw inclined hole from a right triangle to the lower in an inclined manner, and the position of the fastener is tightly fixed with the required position of the pipe pile body through a self-tapping jackscrew; the evenly distributed three-jaw inclined holes are respectively inserted into a section of matched short pipe, the inserted parts of the three-jaw inclined holes are fixedly penetrated with the hole wall through self-tapping filaments, and the lower port of each short pipe is also sleeved with a plastic shoe with an inverted cone and a small size, so that the supporting area is increased; the downward regular triangle inclined support composed of three short pipes is inserted into mud together with the pipe pile for fixing, so that each set of support device is ensured to run more reliably, and the consistency of the direction of the support force generated by the support foundation for integrally supporting the aquaculture net field is ensured; because the regular triangle inclined support which can move up and down along the tubular pile is arranged, the whole foundation of the auxiliary support is firm; therefore, the pipe pile can be lengthened for use, so that the integral supporting base surface is higher than the seabed by several meters, the use length of the hollow stay bar can be effectively shortened, and the supporting strength is improved; meanwhile, the hollow support rods with the same length can be used, the use can be continued in deeper sea areas, the hollow support rods do not need to be replaced, the use is flexible and convenient, the use can be repeated, the ecology can be maintained, and a large amount of cost can be saved.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that for the offshore deep and far sea intertidal belt type culture supporting device, the hollow support rod in each set of supporting device is used under the water surface, in order to enable the vertical hollow support rod and the drawing rod in the water to freely slide up and down, the resistance caused by the impact of the damp flow can be balanced, and the middle layer culture device in the multi-nutrition layer ecological culture system can be manufactured to achieve the effect of killing two birds with one stone; the middle and lower sections of all the hollow support rods in the cultivation net field are connected by ropes through the fasteners to form a middle cultivation net field which is the same as the cultivation net field with symmetrical water surface. Then connecting the underwater connected net field with an adjusting cable for keeping the inner cavity of the hollow stay bar concentric with the pull rod; one end of the concentric adjusting rope is connected with the middle layer cultivation net field and the corresponding transverse or vertical rope on the edge, and the other end of the concentric adjusting rope passes through the turning fixed pulley fixed at the bottom of the sea and corresponding to the top end of the fixed pile and then is connected with the cultivation net field on the water surface and the transverse or vertical boom on the edge. Therefore, when the tidal current impacts the water surface aquaculture net field to move, the concentric adjusting rope can be pulled and kept, the adjusting rope is reversed through the pulleys on the seabed pile foundation, the middle lower section of the hollow support rod is pulled reversely to resist the bending and twisting resistance generated by the impact of the tidal current on the hollow support rod, the hollow support rod is kept concentric with the drawing rod in the inner cavity of the hollow support rod, and the purpose of freely moving up and down is achieved.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme that for the offshore deep and far sea intertidal belt type cultivation supporting device, a plurality of round holes are uniformly reserved at the edge of a supporting tray, a rope is used for penetrating through two symmetrical round holes to lift and prop against the lower end port of a hollow stay bar, the hollow stay bar is convenient to operate to press the supporting tray and a pipe pile to be inserted into seabed mud together for fixation, the other round holes can be fastened to the sea surface in advance, and a seabed cultivation net cage is operated to penetrate through the rope and slide down to the seabed for cultivation on an operation management ship; when not in use, the rope at one end of the sea surface can be tied on the floating boom of the sea surface culture net field for standby application, and can also be used for pulling up the seabed support fixing device for moving or maintaining.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be further realized by the following technical scheme, and for the offshore deep and distant sea intertidal belt type cultivation supporting device, the cultivation supporting method of the offshore deep and distant sea intertidal belt type cultivation supporting device comprises the following contents:
(1) installation of breeding support device
Firstly, fixedly inserting the cultivation supporting device into the seabed right below a cross point of an external upper sea surface cultivation net field in low tide, and pressing a supporting tray up and down by holding a hollow support rod until the supporting tray is fixed firmly, and firmly binding the hollow support rod and the cross point of the external upper sea surface cultivation net field by using a string in high tide;
when the tide is low again, the cultivation supporting devices are connected through the net ropes for the hole-tying hoops on the middle and lower sections of the hollow support rods to form an external middle-layer cultivation net field which is symmetrical to the external upper-layer sea surface cultivation net field, and the hanging string type cultivation base ropes are vertically arranged and connected between the external upper-layer sea surface cultivation net field and the external middle-layer cultivation net field to form an external middle-layer cultivation growth base; the external upper sea surface cultivation net field and the external middle layer cultivation net field are further connected, tensioned and fixed through concentric adjusting mooring ropes;
then, the external lower-layer seabed cultivation device is tied to the sea surface through a round hole in a support tray on the cultivation support device by using a rope, and then the external lower-layer seabed cultivation device is operated to perform cultivation to the seabed along the rope;
(2) when the rising tide water level reaches the upper sea surface cultivation net field, the hollow stay bar takes the drawing bar as a slide way, takes a ball head at the tail end of the drawing bar as an origin to follow up and rise, and simultaneously drives the external upper sea surface cultivation net field and the external middle layer cultivation net field to float upwards;
when the tide is drawn back, the hollow stay bar slides downwards, the tail end of the hollow stay bar slides into the supporting tray buffer slot to support the external upper sea surface cultivation net field and the external middle layer cultivation net field, so that the external upper sea surface cultivation net field and the external middle layer cultivation net field do not descend along with the falling tide, the organisms on the external upper sea surface cultivation net field are separated from water and dried out, and the organisms on the middle layer cultivation net field receive the irradiation of the upper layer sunlight and are sterilized and decontaminated; organisms in the external lower-layer submarine culture device are always in water, and prey on excreta metabolized by the cultured organisms in the upper-layer sea surface culture net field and the middle-layer culture net field, so that the water quality is purified, and the ecology is maintained;
the circulation is that in the process of rising tide and falling tide each time, the cultivation supporting device is under the sea surface, the wind wave impact beating is avoided, the up-and-down sliding, the front-and-back and left-and-right swinging and the dynamic supporting of the hollow supporting rod are all in accordance with the requirements of sea conditions, the movement is free, the follow-up self-floating in high tide is realized, and the sliding self-supporting in low tide is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention can automatically dry and expose under the clean original ecological growth environment, automatically immerse and grow, does not need personnel to manage and operate, saves labor and time, reduces a large amount of management cost compared with the prior art, and ensures that the cultured marine products are healthy, high in quality and high in yield;
in high tide, the hollow stay bar is vertically floated along the cultivation field by taking the pumping bar as a slideway under the combined action of the cultivation floating field and the buoyancy of the hollow stay bar; during low tide, the field is bred along with the sea and descends and the landing touches the end support, props up and breeds the field and no longer descends along with the sea and descends, and from the water dew, whole process is accomplished by oneself, need not manual operation, and it is the same with nature beach coats intertidal zone: the rising tide is immersed, and the falling tide is exposed;
(2) the invention has strong wind wave resistance and stability when operating in an offshore deep water area, has the functions of impact resistance and scouring resistance, and can be used in open sea; the cultivation supporting devices can form a supporting system which is firm and mutually assisted with the cultivation net field, when a hollow supporting rod (a movable rod) of each supporting device floats upwards along with the cultivation net field, a drawing rod (a fixed rod) in a cavity is taken as an upper and lower slideway, and a ball head fixed at the tail end of the drawing rod can be taken as an original point to swing back and forth and left and right to meet the requirement of the open sea environment; secondly, the top end of the hollow support rod is bound and hung below the corresponding cross point, and the hollow support rod is pressed up and down, is exhausted and generates damping by water, so that the lifting of sea waves to a net field can be inhibited, the frequent impact of the sea waves is buffered, and the cultured organisms are prevented from being washed off from a growth base by the big waves to cause loss;
(3) according to the invention, the head end of the hollow strut is always fixed with the cross point of the transverse and vertical floating ropes of the upper-layer sea surface aquaculture net field, a sea surface baffle net when high tide is not needed, the draw-out rod is used as a slide way at the lower end of the head end of the hollow strut, the hollow strut slides into the buffer groove of the support tray when low tide is needed, the support function can be exerted, the hollow strut is not needed to be inserted into seabed sludge for fixing, and compared with other dry dew methods, the length of the hollow strut can be shortened by more than one third; the cost is saved, and the strength is increased; because the weight is loaded by adopting a supporting method, the gravity center is low and the stability is good; the reasonable design of the supporting tray and the spherical ball head is adopted, so that the supporting requirement of the hollow support rod on the dynamic state of the aquaculture net field ocean is met, the hollow support rod can support the water and the dew when the hollow support rod is in dynamic, static and overload states, the hollow support rod can be used for a long time, and the damage rate is greatly reduced; the pipe pile is lengthened, the auxiliary inclined support can be adjusted, the height reference surface of the supporting foundation can be lifted, the used short rod can be continuously reused, replacement is not needed, flexibility and convenience are realized, the cost is reduced, and pollution is reduced;
(4) the invention inserts the fixed striking reflector tube rod into the top end of the hollow stay bar and vertically follows the hollow stay bar in water, thereby not only having warning function, but also correcting the influence of climate change on the growth period of cultivated organisms and dealing with disasters brought to the cultivated organisms by sudden weather (such as storm snow); the global climate is warmed, the seaweed is sensitive and fragile to the change of water temperature, and the propagation and growth of the seaweed can be directly influenced even if the temperature of the seawater is averagely raised by a few tenths of degrees, so that the harvesting period is obviously shortened; if the management is slightly inadequate in the seedling stage, the climate can cause the failure of cultivation; through the striking pipe stick on the top end of the hollow stay bar, the water leaving height of the cultivation net field is increased, the exposure time of the seaweed after seedling emergence is prolonged, the sea surface air temperature is lower than the sea water temperature at the moment, the temperature influence in the sea water is balanced, then the fastening piece with the rope groove at the head end of the hollow stay bar is loosened from the tightening rope at the cross point of the sea surface cultivation net field, the fastening piece is temporarily sleeved on the upper end rod body of the hollow stay bar, the cultivation net field is enabled to float in the sea surface water all the time, the seaweed can be prevented from being invaded and frostbitten by storm, and cultivation and harvest are ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a spindle piston according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the supporting method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
each set of vertical suspension supporting device 13 is a drawing combination consisting of a hollow tubular hollow stay bar made of high-molecular high-strength anticorrosive composite material and a hollow thin bar 17 which is arranged in the inner cavity of the hollow stay bar 16 and made of the same composite material; the thin rod 17 is provided with a plurality of plastic pistons 18 which are uniformly distributed and fixed and penetrate through the inner cavity of the middle lower section of the hollow support rod 16; the plastic piston 18 is tightly matched with the inner cavity of the hollow support rod 16, and when the plastic piston works, the plastic piston can be used for absorbing and pressing air or seawater to generate damping hysteresis: the wind wave resistance of the invention can be improved; secondly, marine organisms cultured on the growth substrate can be prevented from being washed away; thirdly, gas or seawater can be exchanged from the water surface to the underwater bottom layer up and down, and the ecological environment of the culture sea area is treated and improved;
in the offshore deep sea intertidal belt type culture supporting device in the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 1, the uniform fixed piston 18 on the drawing rod 17 is arranged in the cavity of the lower middle section of the hollow supporting rod 16, the tail end of the drawing rod 17 is clamped by the two half combined ball heads 19, and then the drawing rod is fixed by the penetration fixing bolt 20 in an enhanced manner;
the supporting tray 15 is matched and arranged at the top end of the tubular pile 26, and the part sleeved into the tubular pile is screwed and fixed with the tubular body through self-tapping;
after the bulb 19 is installed and fixed at the tail end of the drawing rod 17, the drawing rod is placed on the supporting tray 15 and pressed and fastened at the center of the supporting tray 15 in a clearance way through the three-jaw gland 21;
in the support device for offshore, deep and offshore intertidal belt type aquaculture in embodiment 3 and embodiment 2, in order to make the support foundation inserted into the seabed sludge firm, a right three-jaw inclined hole fastener 24 is sleeved along a pipe pile 26 below a support tray 15, and the pipe pile 26 is positioned and fixed through a self-tapping positioning jackscrew 25;
inserting a long inclined supporting short pipe 28 such as a fitting and the like from an inclined hole by using a positive three-jaw inclined hole fastener 24, and penetrating, screwing and fixing the same with the wall of the inclined hole through a penetrating bolt;
the end of the pipe pile 26 is provided with a pipe pile end cone stopper 27, the end of the short pipe 28 is supported obliquely, and the short pipe end cone stopper 29 is also arranged, so that water entering the pipe cavity can not enter mud, and the supporting area is increased;
in embodiment 4, the support device for offshore, deep and remote intertidal belt type aquaculture in embodiment 3, a three-jaw gland 21 dome at the center of the support tray 15 is provided with a buffer groove 22 for buffering the sliding impact of the hollow support rod 16 in the circumferential direction, in addition to a pre-reaming hole of the pumping rod 17;
in example 5, the support device for belt type aquaculture in offshore, deep and remote sea intertidal zones described in example 1, spindle-shaped pistons 18 are uniformly distributed and fixed on the extraction rod 17, and form a spindle shape by combining two symmetrical halves, so as to facilitate the access to the inner cavity of the hollow support rod 16, and the method for clamping the extraction rod 17 by the spindle-shaped pistons 18 is as follows: the rubber pad 42 is lined in the through groove of the piston, assembled and clamped through the clamping self-tapping screw 43 and fixed on the position required by the drawing rod 17 through the positioning self-tapping jackscrew 44;
the spindle-shaped piston 18 is provided with a piston ring groove 45 at the convex arc, and a piston ring 46 is embedded, so that the spindle-shaped piston is wear-resistant and sealed;
in the embodiment 6, in the support device for belt type cultivation between the offshore, deep and distant sea and the intertidal zone in the embodiment 1, the edge of the support tray 15 is uniformly provided with the fixing round holes 23 for the bottom layer fixing net cage rope to pass through and fix; and can be used as an operation to insert and fix the supporting device; can also be used as a lifting and tying rope fixing hole for removal and maintenance;
example 7, a breeding support method using the offshore, deep and open sea intertidal belt breeding support device of examples 1-6:
in low tide, operating a connecting rope of the portable bottom layer fixed breeding net cage on a production management ship to enable a supporting tray 15 to abut against the lower end opening of a hollow stay bar 16, vertically inserting the supporting tray 15 into the sea bottom together, holding the hollow stay bar 16 by hand, punching the supporting tray 15 up and down until the fixing is firm, then enabling an anti-cracking upper cone lower column fastener 14 with a rope groove at the top end of the hollow stay bar 16 to be firmly bound with an external upper sea surface breeding net field through the rope groove by a thin rope;
when in low tide, the middle section of each set of cultivation supporting device 13, which is exposed out of the hollow stay bar 16, is connected with a middle cultivation net base which is symmetrical to the upper cultivation net field through a bolt hole threading clamp 30 which is installed, and the upper and middle cultivation net fields are connected, tensioned and fixed at the field side through concentric adjusting cables;
through the firm arrangement of upper sea surface aquaculture net field, fixed with strutting arrangement 13 on every cross point in field, make the head end and the crosspoint of cavity vaulting pole 16 be connected, the middle section is connected with middle level aquaculture net base 31, and the hypomere receives cavity pull rod 17 in the cavity of cavity vaulting pole 16, controls on the support basis under water, so at offshore deep water district aquaculture sea area, has built many nutrition layers, the aquaculture net field support system of intertidal zone form:
then, the external lower-layer seabed cultivation device is tied to the sea surface through a round hole in a support tray on the cultivation support device 13 by using a rope, and then the external lower-layer seabed cultivation device is operated to perform cultivation to the seabed along the rope;
when the flood tide water level reaches the upper layer cultivation net field, the hollow stay bar takes the pumping bar as a slideway and takes a ball head at the tail end of the pumping bar as an origin to follow up and rise, and simultaneously drives the external upper layer sea surface cultivation net field and the external middle layer cultivation net field to float upwards; when the tide is ebb, the water level is gradually reduced, the cultivation net field on the upper sea surface descends along with the descent of the sea surface, the supporting devices 13 and the hollow supporting rods 16 on the cross points in the net field slide by taking the pumping rods 17 as inner cavity slideways, the cultivation net field on the upper sea surface descends along with the descent of the cultivation net field on the upper sea surface, the cultivation net field on the upper sea surface slides into the buffer grooves 22 on the seabed supporting tray 15, the cultivation net field on the upper sea surface is supported by touching the bottom, the cultivation net base on the middle sea surface does not descend along with the continuous descent of the sea surface, and the cultivation net field on the upper sea surface gradually leaves the sea surface and is dry and exposed; hanging filter-feeding breeding strings between the upper layer breeding net field and the middle layer breeding net base, and gradually removing water and drying water from top to bottom; organisms in the external lower-layer submarine culture device are always in water, and prey on excreta metabolized by the cultured organisms in the upper-layer sea surface culture net field and the middle-layer culture net field, so that the water quality is purified, and the ecology is maintained;
when the tide rises next time, the hollow stay bar 16 drives the upper layer cultivation net field to float upwards together by taking the pumping bar 17 as a slide way under the self-generated buoyancy along with the rising of the water level, and also drives the middle layer cultivation net base 31 to integrally rise to enter the next cycle;
the circulation is that in each rising tide and falling tide process, the cultivation supporting device is under the sea surface, so that the wind wave impact beating is avoided, the up-and-down sliding, the front-and-back and left-and-right swinging and the dynamic supporting of the hollow supporting rod 16 are all in accordance with the requirements of sea conditions, the movement is free, the follow-up self-floating in high tide and the sliding self-supporting in low tide are realized.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a strutting arrangement is bred to offshore deep and distant sea intertidal zone formula which characterized in that: the pipe pile pulling device comprises a hollow stay bar, a pulling bar and a pipe pile supporting foundation, wherein one end of the pulling bar is inserted into the hollow stay bar and is fixedly connected with the hollow stay bar through an anti-falling connecting rope, a plurality of uniformly distributed pistons are fixedly mounted on the pulling bar, the other end of the pulling bar is mounted on the pipe pile supporting foundation through a ball head in a clearance mode, and a supporting tray matched with the ball head is arranged on the pipe pile supporting foundation.
2. The offshore, deep sea, intertidal belt growth support of claim 1, wherein: the piston is a spindle-shaped piston, a plurality of annular grooves are formed in the most protruding position of the piston, and wear-resistant piston rings are installed in the annular grooves.
3. The offshore, deep sea, intertidal belt growth support of claim 1, wherein: two half movable ball heads which are clamped and fixed are fixedly arranged at the tail end of the drawing rod and are used for being arranged in the center of the supporting tray and being compressed and fixed in a clearance mode by a three-jaw gland fastener.
4. The offshore, deep sea, intertidal belt growth support of claim 1, wherein: the top of the hollow support rod is fixedly provided with an anti-cracking fastener with a rope groove, the middle lower part of the hollow support rod is fixedly provided with a fastening hoop with a bolt hole, and the bottom of the hollow support rod is fixedly provided with a guiding anti-cracking fastener.
5. The offshore, deep sea, intertidal belt growth support of claim 4, wherein: the anti-cracking fastener is further fixedly provided with a striking mark pipe rod, the top of the striking mark pipe rod is provided with a top port, the top port is fixedly provided with a sealing one-way valve member used for adjusting the buoyancy of the hollow stay bar, and the sealing one-way valve member is further provided with a rope groove.
6. The offshore, deep sea, intertidal belt growth support of claim 1, wherein: an adjustable auxiliary inclined support plugging assembly is fixedly installed on the tubular pile support foundation below the support tray, and a plurality of inclined support tubes are uniformly inserted in the adjustable auxiliary inclined support plugging assembly along the circumferential direction of the tubular pile support foundation.
7. The offshore, deep sea, intertidal belt growth support of claim 6, wherein: the bottom of the tubular pile supporting foundation and the bottom of the inclined supporting tube are both fixedly provided with a conical blocking piece for increasing the supporting.
8. The offshore, deep sea, intertidal belt growth support of claim 1, wherein: a plurality of round holes used for connecting ropes are arranged on the circumferential direction of the supporting tray.
9. A cultivation supporting method of a belt type cultivation supporting device between offshore deep sea and intertidal zone is characterized in that: the method uses the offshore deep sea intertidal belt culture support device of any one of claims 1 to 8, the contents of which are as follows:
(1) installation of breeding support device
Firstly, fixedly inserting the cultivation supporting device into the seabed right below a cross point of an external upper sea surface cultivation net field in low tide, and pressing a supporting tray up and down by holding a hollow support rod until the supporting tray is fixed firmly, and firmly binding the hollow support rod and the cross point of the external upper sea surface cultivation net field by using a string in high tide;
when the tide is low again, the cultivation supporting devices are connected through the net ropes to form an external middle layer cultivation net field which is symmetrical to the external upper sea surface cultivation net field, and the hanging string type cultivation foundation ropes are vertically arranged and connected between the external upper sea surface cultivation net field and the external middle layer cultivation net field to form an external middle layer cultivation growth foundation;
then, the external lower-layer seabed cultivation device is tied to the sea surface through a round hole in a support tray on the cultivation support device by using a rope, and then the external lower-layer seabed cultivation device is operated to perform cultivation to the seabed along the rope;
(2) when tide rises, the hollow stay bar takes the drawing bar as a slide way, takes a ball head at the tail end of the drawing bar as an origin point to follow up and rise, and simultaneously drives the external upper sea surface cultivation net field and the external middle layer cultivation net field to float upwards;
when the tide is drawn back, the hollow stay bar slides downwards, the tail end of the hollow stay bar slides into the supporting tray buffer slot to support the external upper sea surface cultivation net field and the external middle layer cultivation net field, so that the external upper sea surface cultivation net field and the external middle layer cultivation net field do not descend along with the falling tide, the organisms on the external upper sea surface cultivation net field are separated from water and dried out, and the organisms on the middle layer cultivation net field receive the irradiation of the upper layer sunlight and are sterilized and decontaminated; organisms in the external lower-layer submarine culture device are always in water, and prey on excreta metabolized by the cultured organisms in the upper-layer sea surface culture net field and the middle-layer culture net field, so that the water quality is purified, and the ecology is maintained;
the circulation is that in the process of rising tide and falling tide each time, the cultivation supporting device is under the sea surface, the wind wave impact beating is avoided, the up-and-down sliding, the front-and-back and left-and-right swinging and the dynamic supporting of the hollow supporting rod are all in accordance with the requirements of sea conditions, the movement is free, the follow-up self-floating in high tide is realized, and the sliding self-supporting in low tide is realized.
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