CN113933197A - Automatic polishing and hardness detection system for fasteners - Google Patents
Automatic polishing and hardness detection system for fasteners Download PDFInfo
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- CN113933197A CN113933197A CN202110995681.XA CN202110995681A CN113933197A CN 113933197 A CN113933197 A CN 113933197A CN 202110995681 A CN202110995681 A CN 202110995681A CN 113933197 A CN113933197 A CN 113933197A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
- G01N3/42—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness by performing impressions under a steady load by indentors, e.g. sphere, pyramid
- G01N3/44—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness by performing impressions under a steady load by indentors, e.g. sphere, pyramid the indentors being put under a minor load and a subsequent major load, i.e. Rockwell system
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
- B07C5/361—Processing or control devices therefor, e.g. escort memory
- B07C5/362—Separating or distributor mechanisms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B21/00—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor
- B24B21/006—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor for special purposes, e.g. for television tubes, car bumpers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B21/00—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor
- B24B21/18—Accessories
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
- B24B27/02—Bench grinders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/005—Feeding or manipulating devices specially adapted to grinding machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/12—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
- B24B55/06—Dust extraction equipment on grinding or polishing machines
- B24B55/08—Dust extraction equipment on grinding or polishing machines specially designed for belt grinding machines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2866—Grinding or homogeneising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0076—Hardness, compressibility or resistance to crushing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0098—Tests specified by its name, e.g. Charpy, Brinnel, Mullen
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic polishing and hardness detecting system for fasteners, which belongs to the field of part hardness detection. Through the mechanical and electric linkage of the mechanism, the integration of fastener feeding, polishing, hardness detection and discharging can be realized only by feeding and discharging of an operator, the production current situation of traditional manual transportation, polishing and hardness detection is replaced, the process flow of hardness detection of a product after heat treatment is optimized, the influence of human factors on the consistency of product quality evaluation is eliminated, the manual labor intensity and dust hazard are reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fastener processing, and particularly relates to an automatic polishing and hardness detection system for a fastener, which can be used as automatic detection equipment for the fastener after heat treatment.
Background
At present, manufacturers of fasteners (including bolts, studs, nuts and the like) grind sand paper by manually holding the parts after heat treatment of finished parts or grind a hardness detection plane on the side surface of a grinding wheel which runs at a high speed, and then perform hardness detection by using a traditional mechanical Rockwell hardness tester. In the traditional operation method, the parallelism of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the part after manual grinding and the consistency of the finish and the volume of the ground plane are poor, so that the hardness detection accuracy is influenced, the manual grinding and hardness detection efficiency in mass production is low, the labor intensity is high, the product quality consistency is poor, and the production and manufacturing bottleneck of the product is required to be solved by an automatic method.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the defects of the prior art are overcome, and the method for automatically transferring, polishing and detecting the hardness of the fastener product is provided, so that the problem that the automatic detection of the hardness of the part cannot be realized in the prior art is solved.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
an automatic fastener grinding and hardness detecting system, comprising: the automatic grinding machine comprises a feeding mechanism (1), an automatic grinding mechanism (2), an automatic Rockwell hardness tester (3), a part transfer mechanism (4) and a discharging mechanism (5); the feeding mechanism (1), the automatic polishing mechanism (2), the automatic Rockwell hardness tester (3) and the discharging mechanism (5) are sequentially arranged in a straight line shape, and the part transferring mechanism (4) is arranged in parallel with the automatic polishing mechanism (2) and the automatic Rockwell hardness tester (3);
the feeding mechanism (1) realizes a feeding function by a manipulator capable of moving along three axes X, Y, Z, the manipulator can grab fasteners of various specifications by replacing a clamping jaw, and the head of the manipulator is provided with a laser ranging sensor for detecting whether parts to be detected exist at each position of a material tray;
the automatic polishing mechanism (2) is provided with a polishing platform which is driven by a servo and can move up and down, and a polishing fixed clamping mechanism which is driven by an air cylinder and clamps a part to be polished is arranged on the polishing platform; the polishing platform is elastically connected with the polishing fixed clamping mechanism through a guide rail and an air cylinder, and when a part on the polishing fixed clamping mechanism is in contact with the polishing head, a pressure sensor at the bottom of the polishing fixed clamping mechanism monitors the polishing force in real time;
the automatic Rockwell hardness tester (3) is provided with an automatic lifting hardness testing platform, and a hardness testing fixing device is fixed on the hardness testing platform to prevent the part to be tested from toppling;
the part transfer mechanism (4) adopts an integrated double-claw framework and is used for transferring the polished parts to a hardness detection platform and simultaneously transferring the parts subjected to hardness detection to a material receiving box of a discharging mechanism;
and the blanking mechanism (5) automatically screens out qualified products and unqualified products according to the hardness detection result, and sorts and blanks the parts through corresponding conveyor belts.
Furthermore, the feeding mechanism (1) comprises a material tray moving platform (1-1), a first material tray (1-2), a Y-axis servo motor (1-3), an X-axis servo motor (1-4), an X-axis guide rail (1-5), a material tray platform moving guide rail (1-6), a second material tray (1-7), a mechanical arm (1-8), a Z-axis guide rail (1-9), a Z-axis servo motor (1-10) and a Y-axis guide rail (1-11);
in actual operation, a material tray moving platform (1-1) is firstly positioned at an initial position, a first material tray (1-2) and a second material tray (1-7) filled with fasteners are placed in positioning grooves on the material tray moving platform (1-1) at the moment, then an operation program is started, the material tray moving platform (1-1) automatically moves to a feeding position, a mechanical arm (1-8) is driven by an X-axis servo motor (1-4) and a Y-axis servo motor (1-3) to move to the position above the first material tray and then driven by a Z-axis servo motor (1-10) to move downwards to sequentially grab parts in the material trays, the parts in the second material tray (1-7) are continuously grabbed after the parts in the first material tray (1-2) are grabbed, and the material tray moving platform (1-1) automatically returns to the initial position after the parts in the two material trays are grabbed, replacing a new tray filled with parts; the manipulator (1-8) grabs the part and then moves to the part polishing fixing and clamping mechanism to carry out the polishing process;
the X-axis guide rail (1-5), the Y-axis guide rail (1-11) and the Z-axis guide rail (1-9) are respectively used for the movement of the tray moving platform (1-1) along the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis; the tray platform moving guide rail (1-6) is used for moving the tray moving platform (1-1) between the initial position to the loading position.
Further, the automatic polishing mechanism (2) comprises a polishing head (2-1), a polishing and dust removing device (2-2), a photoelectric sensor (2-3), a polishing platform (2-4), a part clamping and fixing device (2-5), a pressure sensor (2-6), a guide rail and a cylinder (2-7);
the polishing head (2-1) is driven by a motor to rotate a tension wheel so as to drive the abrasive paper tape to rotate, and a rigid supporting block is arranged at the contact part of the abrasive paper tape and the part and used for applying polishing force; the grinding and dust removing device (2-2) blows grinding dust into the dust collecting box along the rotation direction of the abrasive paper tape through low-pressure air, and then the dust is collected by the connected dust collecting device; a part to be detected is moved onto a part clamping and fixing device (2-5) by a manipulator (1-8), after a photoelectric sensor (2-3) detects that the part is arranged on the part clamping and fixing device (2-5), the part clamping and fixing device (2-5) clamps the part by a cylinder driving clamping jaw, the part is guaranteed not to shake in the polishing process, then a polishing platform (2-4) moves upwards under the driving of a servo motor and rapidly approaches a polishing head (2-1) at the speed of 80-120 mm/s, the polishing motor is started when the distance between the plane of the part to be polished and the polishing head (2-1) is 0.5-1.0 mm, and at the moment, the upward moving speed of the polishing platform (2-4) is reduced to 0.01-0.3 mm/s until the part reaches a preset position; the polishing platform (2-4) and the polishing fixed clamping mechanism (2-5) are elastically connected through a guide rail and an air cylinder (2-7), the polishing platform and the polishing fixed clamping mechanism can move relatively, when a part is in contact with the polishing head (2-1), the polishing force is monitored in real time through a pressure sensor (2-6) connected to the bottom of the polishing fixed clamping mechanism (2-5), and after the polishing head (2-1) finishes polishing according to preset polishing time, the polishing platform (2-4) moves down to the original position of the polishing platform.
Further, the automatic Rockwell hardness tester (3) comprises a display screen (3-1), a hardness detection fixing device (3-2), a hardness detection platform (3-3) and a photoelectric sensor (3-4); the display screen (3-1) displays the hardness detection result in real time and simultaneously displays the displacement and load curve of the hardness testing pressure head in the hardness detection process; the part transfer mechanism (4) transfers the part to the hardness detection fixing device (3-2), and after the photoelectric sensor (3-4) detects that the part is arranged on the hardness detection fixing device (3-2), the hardness detection platform (3-3) automatically moves upwards to enable the plane to be detected of the part to be contacted with a pressure head of a hardness meter to detect the hardness.
Further, the part transferring mechanism (4) comprises a first air claw (4-1), a second air claw (4-3), a first air claw photoelectric sensor (4-2), a second air claw photoelectric sensor (4-4), a linear guide rail (4-5) and a cylinder (4-6); in actual operation, the pneumatic clamp is driven by an air cylinder (4-6), a part which is polished by a first pneumatic claw (4-1) is moved to a hardness detection fixing device (3-2) from a polishing clamping fixing device (2-5) along a linear guide rail (4-5), meanwhile, the part which is hardness detected by the pneumatic claw (4-2) is moved to a material receiving box of a blanking mechanism from the hardness detection fixing device (3-2), and the first pneumatic claw photoelectric sensor (4-2) and a second pneumatic claw photoelectric sensor (4-4) are used for detecting whether the part is grabbed on the corresponding pneumatic claw.
Further, the blanking mechanism (5) comprises a linear guide rail (5-1), a servo motor (5-2), a material receiving box (5-3), an unqualified product conveyor belt (5-4) and a qualified product conveyor belt (5-5);
during actual operation, the part transfer mechanism (4) moves the part with the hardness detection completed to the position right above the material receiving box (5-3) from the hardness detection fixing device (3-2), then the gas claw is loosened, and the part falls into the material receiving box (5-3); the blanking mechanism controls a servo motor (5-2) to drive a material receiving box (5-3) to transversely move along a linear guide rail (5-1) according to a hardness detection result, and parts are placed on an unqualified product conveyor belt (5-4) or a qualified product conveyor belt (5-5); and the unqualified product conveyor belt (5-4) and the qualified product conveyor belt (5-5) automatically operate according to the running beat of the system, and the parts are conveyed to the tail end of the conveyor belt for caching.
Further, the part specification that fastener automatic grinding and hardness detecting system are suitable for is: bolt, double-screw bolt class part: M3-M25, and the height is 6-150 mm; nut class part: m10-50, and the height is 7-30 mm; the material hardness detection range is HRC 15-70; the integral working beat of the system is less than or equal to 30 s/piece.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
firstly, the invention designs a novel fastener automatic polishing and hardness detection system compatible with various products through the integrated application of a logic control system, a motion control system and a small-sized precise motion actuating mechanism, and replaces the production status quo that the fasteners (including bolts, studs, nuts and the like) need to be manually transported, polished and detected in the heat treatment process;
secondly, the invention realizes the integration of the processes of feeding, polishing, hardness detection and discharging, optimizes the process flow of hardness detection of the product after heat treatment, and simultaneously eliminates the risks brought by various factors such as inconsistent polishing depth for many times and many people, inconsistent surface state of the detection part, inconsistent hardness detection method and the like on hardness detection and heat treatment quality judgment under the condition of mass production;
thirdly, by designing a series of quick-change clamping jaws, the system can be compatible with more than 50 specifications of fastener products through quick change of types, and the types of compatible products can be continuously expanded; the automatic polishing mechanism realizes the accurate control of different roughness and polishing amount of a polishing plane by controlling polishing force, rotating speed, time and the mesh number of abrasive paper tapes so as to meet the requirements of various fastener finished products and semi-finished products;
fourthly, the invention reduces the intervention degree of personnel, lightens the labor intensity of operators, improves the production efficiency, and simultaneously realizes the storage and the calling of more than 200 operating parameters and the digital statistics and the storage of historical hardness detection results; the DCS interface attached by the invention can be connected with an industrial control system to realize dynamic acquisition of detection data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of an isometric structure of a feeding mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of an isometric structure of the automatic polishing and hardness detecting mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic isometric view of the part transfer mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of an isometric structure of the blanking mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the automatic grinding and hardness detecting system for fasteners according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 5, the invention provides an automatic polishing and hardness detecting system for fasteners, which comprises a feeding mechanism 1, an automatic polishing mechanism 2, an automatic rockwell hardness tester 3, a part transferring mechanism 4 and a discharging mechanism 5. The feeding mechanism 1, the automatic polishing mechanism 2, the automatic Rockwell hardness tester 3 and the discharging mechanism 5 are arranged in a line shape in sequence, and the part transferring mechanism 4, the automatic polishing mechanism 2 and the automatic Rockwell hardness tester 3 are arranged in parallel.
The feeding mechanism 1 realizes a feeding function by a manipulator capable of moving along three axes X, Y, Z, and the manipulator can grab fasteners with more than 50 specifications by replacing clamping jaws, and comprises bolts, studs and nut parts. The manipulator head is equipped with laser range finding sensor and can detect whether each position of charging tray has the part of waiting to survey.
The automatic polishing mechanism 2 is provided with a polishing platform which is driven by a servo and can accurately move up and down, and a polishing fixing and clamping mechanism which is driven by an air cylinder and can clamp a part to be polished is arranged on the polishing platform. The polishing platform and the polishing fixed clamping mechanism are elastically connected through the guide rail and the air cylinder, so that when a part on the polishing fixed clamping mechanism is in contact with the polishing head, the pressure sensor at the bottom of the polishing fixed clamping mechanism can monitor the polishing force in real time.
Automatic rockwell hardness meter 3 has the hardness testing platform that can rise automatically, is fixed with hardness detection fixing device on the platform, can prevent that the part that awaits measuring from empting. The hardness tester has the functions of HRA, HRC and other Rockwell hardness scales, real-time load and pressure head displacement display, automatic calibration and the like.
The part transfer mechanism 4 adopts an integrated double-claw framework and is used for transferring the parts which are polished to the hardness detection platform and transferring the parts which are hardness detected to the material receiving box of the discharging mechanism.
The blanking mechanism 5 can automatically screen out qualified products and unqualified products according to the hardness detection result, and can sort and blank parts through corresponding conveyor belts, and an operator only needs to move the detected parts at a system blanking port.
As shown in figure 1, the feeding mechanism 1 comprises a tray moving platform 1-1, a tray 1-2 No. 1, a Y-axis servo motor 1-3, an X-axis servo motor 1-4, an X-axis guide rail 1-5, a tray platform moving guide rail 1-6, a tray 2 No. 1-7, a feeding manipulator 1-8, a Z-axis guide rail 1-9, a Z-axis servo motor 1-10 and a Y-axis guide rail 1-11. In actual operation, the tray moving platform 1-1 is firstly positioned at the position A, at the moment, an operator places the tray 1-2 and the tray 2-7 filled with fasteners in the positioning grooves on the tray moving platform 1-1, then, an operation program is started, the tray moving platform 1-1 automatically moves to the position B, the feeding manipulator 1-8 is driven by an X-axis servo motor 1-4, the Y-axis servo motor 1-3 is driven to move to the position above the material tray No. 1 and then driven to move downwards by the Z-axis servo motor to sequentially grab the parts in the material trays, the parts in the material tray No. 1-2 are grabbed and then the parts in the material tray No. 2 are grabbed continuously, and the material tray moving platform 1-1 automatically returns to the position A after the parts in the two material trays are grabbed, so that an operator can replace a new material tray full of parts. The feeding manipulator 1-8 grabs the parts and then moves to the part polishing clamping fixing device 2-1-5 to perform a polishing process.
As shown in fig. 2, the automatic polishing and hardness testing mechanism of the present invention is a core function part of the present invention, and is composed of an automatic polishing mechanism 2 and an automatic rockwell hardness tester 3. The polishing head 2-1 in the automatic polishing mechanism 2 is driven by a motor to rotate a tension wheel so as to drive an abrasive paper tape to rotate, and a rigid supporting block is arranged at the contact part of the abrasive paper tape and a part and used for applying polishing force; the grinding and dust removing device 2-2 blows grinding dust into the dust collecting box along the rotation direction of the abrasive paper tape through low-pressure air, and then the dust is collected by the connected dust collecting device; the part to be detected is moved to a part polishing clamping fixing device 2-5 through a manipulator 1-8, after a photoelectric sensor 2-3 detects that the part is arranged on the part clamping fixing device 2-5, the part clamping fixing device 2-5 clamps the part through a cylinder driving clamping jaw, the part is guaranteed not to shake in the polishing process, then a polishing platform 2-4 moves upwards under the driving of a servo motor and rapidly approaches a polishing head 2-1 at the speed of 80-120 mm/s, the polishing motor is started when the distance between the plane to be polished of the part and the polishing head 2-1 is 0.5-1.0 mm, and at the moment, the upward moving speed of the polishing platform 2-4 is reduced to 0.01-0.3 mm/s until the part reaches a preset position. The polishing platform 2-4 and the polishing fixing and clamping mechanism 2-5 are elastically connected through a guide rail and an air cylinder 2-7, the polishing platform and the polishing fixing and clamping mechanism can move relatively, when a part is in contact with the polishing head 2-1, the polishing force can be monitored in real time through a pressure sensor 2-6 connected to the bottom of the polishing fixing and clamping mechanism 2-5, and after the polishing head 2-1 finishes polishing according to preset polishing time, the polishing platform 2-4 moves downwards to an initial position.
A display screen 3-1 in the automatic Rockwell hardness tester 3 can display a hardness detection result in real time and can display a hardness test pressure head displacement and load curve in the hardness detection process. The part transfer mechanism 3 transfers the part to the hardness detection fixing device 3-2, and after the photoelectric sensor 3-4 detects that the part is arranged on the hardness detection fixing device 3-2, the hardness detection platform 3-3 automatically moves upwards to enable the plane to be detected of the part to be contacted with a pressure head of a hardness tester to detect the hardness.
As shown in figure 3, in the part transfer mechanism 4 of the invention, because the polishing of the fastener is close to the hardness detection rhythm, the part transfer mechanism 4 adopts an integrated double-claw linkage structure and consists of pneumatic claws 4-1 and 4-3, photoelectric sensors 4-2 and 4-4, linear guide rails 4-5 and cylinders 4-6. In actual operation, the pneumatic claw 4-1 is driven by the air cylinder 4-6 to move the part which is finished by polishing from the polishing clamping fixing device 2-5 to the hardness detection fixing device 3-2 along the linear guide rail 4-5, meanwhile, the pneumatic claw 4-2 moves the part which is finished by hardness detection from the hardness detection fixing device 3-2 to the receiving box 5-3 of the blanking mechanism, and the photoelectric sensors 4-2 and 4-4 are used for detecting whether the part is grabbed on the corresponding pneumatic claws.
As shown in figure 4, the blanking mechanism 5 provided by the invention comprises a linear guide rail 5-1, a servo motor 5-2, a material receiving box 5-3, an unqualified product conveyor belt 5-4 and a qualified product conveyor belt 5-5. In actual operation, the part transfer mechanism 4 transfers the parts with the hardness detection completed to the position right above the material receiving box 5-3 through the hardness detection fixing device 3-2, then the air claw is loosened, and the parts fall into the material receiving box 5-3. The blanking mechanism controls the servo motor 5-2 to drive the material receiving box 5-3 to transversely move along the linear guide rail 5-1 according to the hardness detection result, and places the parts on the unqualified product conveyor belt 5-4 or the qualified product conveyor belt 5-5. And automatically operating the unqualified product conveyor belt 5-4 and the qualified product conveyor belt 5-5 according to the running rhythm of the system, conveying the parts to the tail end of the conveyor belt for caching, taking the cached parts down from the tail end of the conveyor belt by an operator, and finishing the automatic polishing and hardness detection processes of the fasteners.
Example (b):
the automatic polishing and hardness detecting system for the fasteners comprises a feeding mechanism, an automatic polishing and hardness detecting mechanism, a part transferring mechanism and a discharging mechanism; the feeding mechanism consists of a feeding manipulator which is driven by a servo motor and can move along three axes of X, Y, Z, a linear guide rail and two trays; the automatic polishing and hardness detecting mechanism consists of a polishing head driven by a motor, a polishing platform driven by a servo motor and capable of moving up and down, a polishing fixing and clamping device, a pressure sensor and a Rockwell hardness tester with a platform capable of moving up and down automatically; the part transfer mechanism consists of two manipulators which are driven by cylinders and can transversely move left and right; the blanking mechanism consists of a material receiving box driven by a cylinder and two conveying belts (qualified and unqualified conveying belts) driven by a motor. The applicable part specification of this system is: bolt, double-screw bolt class part: M3-M25, and the height is 6-150 mm; nut class part: m10-50, and the height is 7-30 mm; the material hardness detection range is HRC 15-70.
During actual operation, an operator firstly installs corresponding quick-change clamping jaws at the end head of each manipulator in the system according to the size of a machined part. Then 2 trays filled with fasteners are placed in a fixed position under the feeding robot. And an operator calls a program corresponding to the specification and the size of the fastener at the PLC control end and then starts the program. After the program starts, the material loading manipulator snatchs the part in the charging tray in proper order according to the coordinate instruction that sets up in the program, and remove the part to automatic polishing and hardness detection mechanism's the platform of polishing, the fixed clamping device that polishes on the platform of polishing presss from both sides tightly treats after polishing the part, the platform of polishing is driven by servo motor and is upwards approached the polishing head with 80 ~ 120mm/s fast along the guide rail, polishing motor starts when the part is treated to polish plane and polishing head apart from 0.5 ~ 1.0mm, drive the abrasive band on the polishing head and rotate at the uniform velocity according to setting for the rotational speed, the platform of polishing shifts up the speed and reduces to 0.01 ~ 0.3mm/s this moment, through connecting the adjustable dynamics of polishing of force sensor who adds the tight structure bottom of polishing fixedly. After polishing for a certain time, the polishing platform descends, the part transfer mechanism transfers the polished parts to the hardness detection platform, meanwhile, the parts with the hardness detection are transferred to the material receiving box of the discharging mechanism, the hardness detection platform automatically moves up and down to complete the hardness detection actions of loading, keeping, unloading and the like and transmit hardness value information to the control computer, and the discharging mechanism judges whether the parts are qualified or not according to the hardness value information and moves the material receiving box to place the detected parts on the corresponding conveying belts. The process is circularly and repeatedly realized to continuously and automatically feed and discharge, polish and detect the hardness.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides an automatic and hardness detecting system of polishing of fastener which characterized in that includes: the automatic grinding machine comprises a feeding mechanism (1), an automatic grinding mechanism (2), an automatic Rockwell hardness tester (3), a part transfer mechanism (4) and a discharging mechanism (5); the feeding mechanism (1), the automatic polishing mechanism (2), the automatic Rockwell hardness tester (3) and the discharging mechanism (5) are sequentially arranged in a straight line shape, and the part transferring mechanism (4) is arranged in parallel with the automatic polishing mechanism (2) and the automatic Rockwell hardness tester (3);
the feeding mechanism (1) realizes a feeding function by a manipulator capable of moving along three axes X, Y, Z, the manipulator can grab fasteners of various specifications by replacing a clamping jaw, and the head of the manipulator is provided with a laser ranging sensor for detecting whether parts to be detected exist at each position of a material tray;
the automatic polishing mechanism (2) is provided with a polishing platform which is driven by a servo and can move up and down, and a polishing fixed clamping mechanism which is driven by an air cylinder and clamps a part to be polished is arranged on the polishing platform; the polishing platform is elastically connected with the polishing fixed clamping mechanism through a guide rail and an air cylinder, and when a part on the polishing fixed clamping mechanism is in contact with the polishing head, a pressure sensor at the bottom of the polishing fixed clamping mechanism monitors the polishing force in real time;
the automatic Rockwell hardness tester (3) is provided with an automatic lifting hardness testing platform, and a hardness testing fixing device is fixed on the hardness testing platform to prevent the part to be tested from toppling;
the part transfer mechanism (4) adopts an integrated double-claw framework and is used for transferring the polished parts to a hardness detection platform and simultaneously transferring the parts subjected to hardness detection to a material receiving box of a discharging mechanism;
and the blanking mechanism (5) automatically screens out qualified products and unqualified products according to the hardness detection result, and sorts and blanks the parts through corresponding conveyor belts.
2. The automatic fastener sanding and hardness detection system of claim 1, wherein: the feeding mechanism (1) comprises a material tray moving platform (1-1), a first material tray (1-2), a Y-axis servo motor (1-3), an X-axis servo motor (1-4), an X-axis guide rail (1-5), a material tray platform moving guide rail (1-6), a second material tray (1-7), a mechanical arm (1-8), a Z-axis guide rail (1-9), a Z-axis servo motor (1-10) and a Y-axis guide rail (1-11);
in actual operation, a material tray moving platform (1-1) is firstly positioned at an initial position, a first material tray (1-2) and a second material tray (1-7) filled with fasteners are placed in positioning grooves on the material tray moving platform (1-1) at the moment, then an operation program is started, the material tray moving platform (1-1) automatically moves to a feeding position, a mechanical arm (1-8) is driven by an X-axis servo motor (1-4) and a Y-axis servo motor (1-3) to move to the position above the first material tray and then driven by a Z-axis servo motor (1-10) to move downwards to sequentially grab parts in the material trays, the parts in the second material tray (1-7) are continuously grabbed after the parts in the first material tray (1-2) are grabbed, and the material tray moving platform (1-1) automatically returns to the initial position after the parts in the two material trays are grabbed, replacing a new tray filled with parts; the manipulator (1-8) grabs the part and then moves to the part polishing fixing and clamping mechanism to carry out the polishing process;
the X-axis guide rail (1-5), the Y-axis guide rail (1-11) and the Z-axis guide rail (1-9) are respectively used for the movement of the tray moving platform (1-1) along the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis; the tray platform moving guide rail (1-6) is used for moving the tray moving platform (1-1) between an automatic operation initial position and a loading position.
3. The automatic fastener sanding and hardness detection system of claim 2, wherein: the automatic polishing mechanism (2) comprises a polishing head (2-1), a polishing and dust removing device (2-2), a photoelectric sensor (2-3), a polishing platform (2-4), a part clamping and fixing device (2-5), a pressure sensor (2-6), a guide rail and a cylinder (2-7);
the polishing head (2-1) is driven by a motor to rotate a tension wheel so as to drive the abrasive paper tape to rotate, and a rigid supporting block is arranged at the contact part of the abrasive paper tape and the part and used for applying polishing force; the grinding and dust removing device (2-2) blows grinding dust into the dust collecting box along the rotation direction of the abrasive paper tape through low-pressure air, and then the dust is collected by the connected dust collecting device; a part to be detected is moved onto a part clamping and fixing device (2-5) by a manipulator (1-8), after a photoelectric sensor (2-3) detects that the part is arranged on the part clamping and fixing device (2-5), the part clamping and fixing device (2-5) clamps the part by a cylinder driving clamping jaw, the part is guaranteed not to shake in the polishing process, then a polishing platform (2-4) moves upwards under the driving of a servo motor and rapidly approaches a polishing head (2-1) at the speed of 80-120 mm/s, the polishing motor is started when the distance between the plane of the part to be polished and the polishing head (2-1) is 0.5-1.0 mm, and at the moment, the upward moving speed of the polishing platform (2-4) is reduced to 0.01-0.3 mm/s until the part reaches a preset position; the polishing platform (2-4) and the polishing fixed clamping mechanism (2-5) are elastically connected through a guide rail and an air cylinder (2-7), the polishing platform and the polishing fixed clamping mechanism can move relatively, when a part is in contact with the polishing head (2-1), the polishing force is monitored in real time through a pressure sensor (2-6) connected to the bottom of the polishing fixed clamping mechanism (2-5), and after the polishing head (2-1) finishes polishing according to preset polishing time, the polishing platform (2-4) moves down to the original position of the polishing platform.
4. The automatic fastener sanding and hardness detection system of claim 3, wherein: the automatic Rockwell hardness tester (3) comprises a display screen (3-1), a hardness detection fixing device (3-2), a hardness detection platform (3-3) and a photoelectric sensor (3-4); the display screen (3-1) displays the hardness detection result in real time and simultaneously displays the displacement and load curve of the hardness testing pressure head in the hardness detection process; the part transfer mechanism (4) transfers the part to the hardness detection fixing device (3-2), and after the photoelectric sensor (3-4) detects that the part is arranged on the hardness detection fixing device (3-2), the hardness detection platform (3-3) automatically moves upwards to enable the plane to be detected of the part to be contacted with a pressure head of a hardness meter to detect the hardness.
5. The automatic fastener sanding and hardness detection system of claim 4, wherein: the part transferring mechanism (4) comprises a first pneumatic claw (4-1), a second pneumatic claw (4-3), a first pneumatic claw photoelectric sensor (4-2), a second pneumatic claw photoelectric sensor (4-4), a linear guide rail (4-5) and a cylinder (4-6); in actual operation, the pneumatic clamp is driven by an air cylinder (4-6), a part which is polished by a first pneumatic claw (4-1) is moved to a hardness detection fixing device (3-2) from a polishing clamping fixing device (2-5) along a linear guide rail (4-5), meanwhile, the part which is hardness detected by the pneumatic claw (4-2) is moved to a material receiving box of a blanking mechanism from the hardness detection fixing device (3-2), and the first pneumatic claw photoelectric sensor (4-2) and a second pneumatic claw photoelectric sensor (4-4) are used for detecting whether the part is grabbed on the corresponding pneumatic claw.
6. The automatic fastener sanding and hardness detection system of claim 5, wherein: the blanking mechanism (5) comprises a linear guide rail (5-1), a servo motor (5-2), a material receiving box (5-3), an unqualified product conveyor belt (5-4) and a qualified product conveyor belt (5-5);
during actual operation, the part transfer mechanism (4) moves the part with the hardness detection completed to the position right above the material receiving box (5-3) from the hardness detection fixing device (3-2), then the gas claw is loosened, and the part falls into the material receiving box (5-3); the industrial personal computer controls the servo motor (5-2) to drive the material receiving box (5-3) to transversely move along the linear guide rail (5-1) according to the hardness detection result, and the parts are placed on the unqualified product conveyor belt (5-4) or the qualified product conveyor belt (5-5); the unqualified product conveyor belt (5-4) and the qualified product conveyor belt (5-5) automatically operate according to the running beat of the system, and parts are conveyed to a blanking area at the tail end of the conveyor belt for caching.
7. The automatic fastener sanding and hardness detection system of claim 1, wherein: the automatic grinding and hardness detecting system for the fastener is applicable to the following parts in specification: bolt, double-screw bolt class part: M3-M25, and the height is 6-150 mm; nut class part: m10-50, and the height is 7-30 mm; the material hardness detection range is HRC 15-70; the integral working beat of the system is less than or equal to 30 s/piece.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110995681.XA CN113933197A (en) | 2021-08-27 | 2021-08-27 | Automatic polishing and hardness detection system for fasteners |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115338704A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-11-15 | 武汉东方骏驰精密制造有限公司 | Automatic feeding machine |
| CN116175369A (en) * | 2023-04-23 | 2023-05-30 | 云南柔控科技有限公司 | Flexible automatic polishing robot system |
| CN117705620A (en) * | 2024-02-01 | 2024-03-15 | 深圳市旭源精密热控科技有限公司 | CNC bistrique hardness test tool |
-
2021
- 2021-08-27 CN CN202110995681.XA patent/CN113933197A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115338704A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-11-15 | 武汉东方骏驰精密制造有限公司 | Automatic feeding machine |
| CN115338704B (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2024-05-31 | 武汉东方骏驰精密制造有限公司 | Automatic feeding machine |
| CN116175369A (en) * | 2023-04-23 | 2023-05-30 | 云南柔控科技有限公司 | Flexible automatic polishing robot system |
| CN117705620A (en) * | 2024-02-01 | 2024-03-15 | 深圳市旭源精密热控科技有限公司 | CNC bistrique hardness test tool |
| CN117705620B (en) * | 2024-02-01 | 2024-04-16 | 深圳市旭源精密热控科技有限公司 | CNC bistrique hardness test tool |
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