CN113921795A - Sodium-ion battery positive electrode material, preparation method thereof and sodium-ion battery - Google Patents
Sodium-ion battery positive electrode material, preparation method thereof and sodium-ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN113921795A CN113921795A CN202111182231.5A CN202111182231A CN113921795A CN 113921795 A CN113921795 A CN 113921795A CN 202111182231 A CN202111182231 A CN 202111182231A CN 113921795 A CN113921795 A CN 113921795A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of ion batteries, and particularly relates to a sodium ion battery positive electrode material, a preparation method thereof and a sodium ion battery. The application provides a sodium ion battery positive electrode material, a preparation method thereof and a sodium ion battery; wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: microwave calcination of Na in a mixed atmosphere of inert gas and reducing gas3V2O2(PO4)2F, making Na3V(PO4)2And V2O3Coating with Na3V2O2(PO4)2And F, obtaining the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery. The application provides a sodium-ion battery positive electrode material, a preparation method thereof and a sodium-ion battery, which can solve the problem of Na in the prior art3V2O2(PO4)2When F is used as the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery, the sodium-ion battery has the technical problem of poor rate capability and cycle performance.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of ion batteries, and particularly relates to a sodium ion battery positive electrode material, a preparation method thereof and a sodium ion battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high working voltage platform, good rate capability, long service life, high energy storage density, low self-discharge rate and the like, so that the lithium ion battery becomes an ideal energy storage device.
Compared with lithium, sodium in the same main group has the advantages of abundant resources, low cost and the like, so that the sodium-ion battery is produced at the same time and becomes an excellent choice for replacing a lithium-ion battery. Similar to lithium ion batteries, the development of sodium ion batteries is also limited by the energy density and power density of the positive electrode material. Therefore, the research on the positive electrode material with a proper voltage platform, high reversible capacity and stable structure has important significance for the application of the sodium-ion battery. Na (Na)3V2O2(PO4)2F material due to its high specific capacity (130 mAhg)-1) High voltage plateau (about 3.8V), high energy density (about 500 Whg)-1) Becomes a hotspot of research related to the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery, however, Na3V2O2(PO4)2F has low intrinsic electronic conductivity and its cycling stability is not ideal due to the induction effect caused by the presence of fluorine.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present application provides a positive electrode material for a sodium ion battery, a preparation method thereof, and a sodium ion battery, which can solve the problem of Na in the prior art3V2O2(PO4)2When F is used as the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery, the sodium-ion battery has the technical problem of poor rate capability and cycle performance.
The application provides a positive electrode material of a sodium-ion battery in a first aspect, and the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery comprises Na3V2O2(PO4)2F、Na3V(PO4)2And V2O3；
The Na is3V(PO4)2And V2O3Coating with Na3V2O2(PO4)2And F, surface.
Preferably, the Na is3V(PO4)2The particle size of the particles is 50-100 nm;
the V is2O3The particle size of the particles is 50-100 nm.
The second aspect of the application provides a preparation method of a sodium-ion battery positive electrode material, which comprises the following steps:
microwave calcination of Na in a mixed atmosphere of inert gas and reducing gas3V2O2(PO4)2And F, obtaining the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery.
In general, the high-temperature calcination transfers heat energy to Na by convection, conduction, radiation, or the like3V2O2(PO4)2F to a certain temperature, heat will be transferred from outside to inside, Na3V2O2(PO4)2F internal and external temperature is not consistent, sintering time is long, and Na3V2O2(PO4)2F is complicated by thermal decomposition and can be decomposed into Na3V(PO4)2、V2O3、F2、VO2、NaVF6、VO2F、VPO4、NaF、NaVPO4F and other different products, and the microwave high-temperature calcination utilizes the special wave band of the microwave and Na3V2O2(PO4)2The basic fine structure of F is coupled to generate heat from Na3V2O2(PO4)2F interior, there is no process of transferring heat from outside to inside, therefore, Na3V2O2(PO4)2F is heated uniformly and has a uniform internal and external temperature, Na3V2O2(PO4)2F is relatively simple to be decomposed into Na by heating3V(PO4)2And VO2F, thus in Na3V2O2(PO4)2F in situ generation of Na3V(PO4)2And VO2F, at the same time, the reducing gas is capable of converting VO2V in F5+In situ reduction to V3+Generate V2O3Thereby reacting Na3V(PO4)2And V2O3Coating with Na3V2O2(PO4)2And F, surface.
Preferably, the inert gas comprises one, two or more of helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon.
Preferably, the reducing gas comprises one, two or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide, methane and sulphur monoxide.
Preferably, the reducing gas is hydrogen, and the mass fraction of the hydrogen in the mixed atmosphere is 11-14 wt%.
Preferably, the microwave power of the microwave calcination is 600-1000W.
Preferably, the calcining temperature of the microwave calcining is 600-650 ℃.
Preferably, the calcining time of the microwave calcination is 0.5-1 h.
The third aspect of the application provides a sodium-ion battery positive electrode, which comprises the sodium-ion positive electrode material or the sodium-ion positive electrode material prepared by the preparation method.
The application fourth aspect provides a sodium ion battery, which comprises a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode is a sodium ion battery positive electrode.
In summary, the present application provides a positive electrode material for a sodium ion battery, a preparation method thereof, and a sodium ion battery; the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery comprises Na3V2O2(PO4)2F、Na3V(PO4)2And V2O3Said Na3V(PO4)2And V2O3Coating with Na3V2O2(PO4)2F, surface; wherein, with Na3V2O2(PO4)2When F is used as a sodium ion positive electrode material, the cycle performance of the sodium ion battery is poor due to the induction effect of fluorine, and Na is3V(PO4)2Does not contain fluorine, has stable structure, can relieve the volume change of the anode material when sodium ions are de-intercalated in the charging and discharging process, improves the cycle stability of the sodium ion battery, and simultaneously has Na3V2O2(PO4)2When F is used as the sodium ion positive electrode material, Na is used3V2O2(PO4)2F intrinsic electron conductivity is low, so that the rate performance of the sodium ion battery is poor, and V is2O3Has high conductivity, thereby promoting Na3V2O2(PO4)2And the transmission of electrons and ions on the surface of the F improves the multiplying power performance and the circulation stability of sodium ions. The application provides a sodium-ion battery positive electrode material, a preparation method thereof and a sodium-ion battery, which can solve the problem of Na in the prior art3V2O2(PO4)2When F is used as the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery, the sodium-ion battery has the technical problem of poor rate capability and cycle performance.
Description of the drawings:
in order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery prepared in example 1 of the present application.
FIG. 2 shows Na before microwave calcination in example 1 of the present application3V2O2(PO4)2Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) of F.
Fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery prepared in example 1 of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a graph of rate performance of a sodium ion battery prepared from the positive electrode material of the sodium ion battery in example 1 of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a graph of the cycle performance of a sodium-ion battery prepared from the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery in example 1 of the present application.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the application provides a sodium-ion battery positive electrode material, a preparation method thereof and a sodium-ion battery, which can solve the problem of Na in the prior art3V2O2(PO4)2When F is used as the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery, the sodium-ion battery has the technical problem of poor rate capability and cycle performance.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The reagents or raw materials used in the following examples are commercially available or self-made.
Example 1
This example 1 provides a method for preparing a first sodium-ion battery material, including the following steps: mixing 5.0g of Na3V2O2(PO4)2Placing the F positive electrode material in a microwave tube furnace, setting the power to be 1000W, and sintering for 0.5h at 600 ℃ in the mixed gas atmosphere of argon and hydrogen to obtain a sodium ion positive electrode material; wherein the mass fraction of hydrogen in the mixed gas is 11 wt%.
Example 2
This example 2 provides a method for preparing a second sodium-ion battery material, including the following steps: mixing 5.0g of Na3V2O2(PO4)2Placing the F anode material in a microwave tube furnace, setting the power to be 1000W, and placing the material in argonSintering the mixture for 1h at 650 ℃ in the atmosphere of mixed gas of hydrogen to obtain a sodium ion anode material; wherein the mass fraction of hydrogen in the mixed gas is 14 wt%.
Example 3
This example 3 provides a method for preparing a third sodium-ion battery material, including the following steps: mixing 5.0g of Na3V2O2(PO4)2Placing the F positive electrode material in a microwave tube furnace, setting the power to be 600W, and sintering for 0.5h at 600 ℃ in the mixed gas atmosphere of argon and hydrogen to obtain a sodium ion positive electrode material; wherein the mass fraction of hydrogen in the mixed gas is 11 wt%.
Example 4
This example 4 provides a fourth method for preparing a sodium-ion battery material, including the following steps: mixing 5.0g of Na3V2O2(PO4)2Placing the positive electrode material in a microwave tube furnace, setting the power to be 800W, and sintering for 1h at 600 ℃ in the mixed gas atmosphere of argon and hydrogen to obtain a sodium ion positive electrode material; wherein the mass fraction of the hydrogen in the mixed gas is 12 wt%.
Example 5
This example 5 provides a fifth method for preparing a sodium-ion battery material, including the following steps: mixing 5.0g of Na3V2O2(PO4)2Placing the positive electrode material in a microwave tube furnace, setting the power to be 800W, and sintering for 0.5h at 600 ℃ in the mixed gas atmosphere of argon and hydrogen to obtain a sodium ion positive electrode material; wherein the mass fraction of hydrogen in the mixed gas is 14 wt%.
Example 6
This example 6 provides a sixth method for preparing a sodium-ion battery material, including the following steps: mixing 5.0g of Na3V2O2(PO4)2Placing the F positive electrode material in a microwave tube furnace, setting the power to be 1000W, and sintering for 0.5h at 650 ℃ in the atmosphere of mixed gas of argon and hydrogen to obtain a sodium ion positive electrode material; wherein the mass fraction of hydrogen in the mixed gas is 13 wt%.
Example 7
This example 7 provides a seventh sodium-ion battery material, which includes the following steps: mixing 5.0g of Na3V2O2(PO4)2Placing the positive electrode material in a microwave tube furnace, setting the power to be 800W, and sintering for 1h at 600 ℃ in the mixed gas atmosphere of argon and hydrogen to obtain a sodium ion positive electrode material; wherein the mass fraction of hydrogen in the mixed gas is 10 wt%.
Example 8
This example 8 provides a method for preparing an eighth sodium-ion battery material, including the following steps: mixing 5.0g of Na3V2O2(PO4)2Placing the positive electrode material in a microwave tube furnace, setting the power to be 1000W, and sintering for 2h at 600 ℃ in the mixed gas atmosphere of argon and hydrogen to obtain a sodium ion positive electrode material; wherein the mass fraction of hydrogen in the mixed gas is 10 wt%.
The positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery in the example 1 is subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis, the obtained X-ray diffraction pattern is shown in the attached figure 1 of the specification, and the comparison and analysis with a PDF standard card show that the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery prepared in the example 1 comprises Na3V2O2(PO4)2F、Na3V(PO4)2And V2O3；
Further, the positive electrode material and Na of the sodium-ion battery in example 1 were added3V2O2(PO4)2F, performing scanning electron microscope analysis, and obtaining scanning electron microscope images as shown in the specification, namely figure 3 and figure 2, wherein Na is shown in figure 23V2O2(PO4)2F is nano-sized cubic particles, and Na3V2O2(PO4)2F microwave calcination, as can be seen from FIG. 3, in cubic particles Na3V2O2(PO4)2The surface of the F is coated with a layer of Na3V(PO4)2And V2O3(ii) a Wherein, Na3V(PO4)2And V2O3Is granular and has a particle size of 50-100 nm.
The positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery in the example 1 is used for making a sodium sheet into a battery, and the rate performance analysis and the cycle performance analysis are carried out, and the results are shown in the attached figures 4 and 5 of the specification, and when the current density is 1C, 2C, 5C, 10C and 20C, the specific discharge capacity of the first circle can reach 103.7, 94.2, 82.5, 70.8 and 52.3mAhg respectively-1The material shows the transmission performance of electrons and ions and shows good rate performance; the first-loop capacity can reach 103.5mAhg under the current of 1C-1After 100 cycles, the specific capacity is 91.5mAhg-1The specific capacity is kept in the circulation process, and the excellent circulation stability is shown.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery is characterized by comprising Na3V2O2(PO4)2F、Na3V(PO4)2And V2O3；
The Na is3V(PO4)2And V2O3Coating with Na3V2O2(PO4)2And F, surface.
2. The positive electrode material for sodium-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the Na is3V(PO4)2The particle size of the particles is 50-100 nm;
the V is2O3The particle size of the particles is 50-100 nm.
3. The method for preparing the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the steps of:
microwave calcination of Na in a mixed atmosphere of inert gas and reducing gas3V2O2(PO4)2And F, obtaining the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the inert gas includes one, two or more of helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the reducing gas comprises one, two or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, methane and sulfur monoxide.
6. The method for preparing the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery according to claim 5, wherein the reducing gas is hydrogen, and the mass fraction of the hydrogen in the mixed atmosphere is 11-14 wt%.
7. The preparation method of the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery according to claim 3, wherein the microwave power of the microwave calcination is 600-1000W.
8. The method for preparing the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery according to claim 3, wherein the calcining temperature of the microwave calcination is 600-650 ℃.
9. The preparation method of the sodium-ion battery cathode material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the calcination time of the microwave calcination is 0.5-1 h.
10. A sodium ion battery, comprising a positive electrode and a negative electrode;
the positive electrode comprises the sodium ion positive electrode material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 3 to 9.
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