CN107863504A - A kind of preparation method of core shell structure Si-C composite material - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of core shell structure Si-C composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN107863504A CN107863504A CN201710951632.XA CN201710951632A CN107863504A CN 107863504 A CN107863504 A CN 107863504A CN 201710951632 A CN201710951632 A CN 201710951632A CN 107863504 A CN107863504 A CN 107863504A
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- shell structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of core shell structure Si-C composite material, it comprises the following steps：(a) pitch-coating is made to obtain the first mixture in silicon powder surface；The mass ratio of the pitch and the silica flour is 100：1~100；(b) first mixture is placed at inert atmosphere, calcined under conditions of 500~1000 DEG C.Using silicon materials as matrix and in its Surface coating pitch, at high temperature so that oxygen and pasc reaction generation silicon oxide compound in a small amount of oxygen and gas in pitch, the carbon of asphalt pyrolysis generation simultaneously, it is prepared being disposed with the composite of internal layer, intermediate layer and outer layer from inside to outside, this three-layer nuclear shell structure can effectively suppress the Volume Changes of silica-base material in charge and discharge process, increase material conductivity, the preparing raw material of the material is cheap, technique is simple, easy to operate, is adapted to industrialization.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electrode material of lithium battery field, is related to a kind of Si-C composite material, and in particular to a kind of nucleocapsid knot
The preparation method of structure Si-C composite material.
Background technology
Silicon materials are due to the big 4200mAh/g of its theoretical capacity, the advantages that mature preparation process, are considered as very likely substituting
Graphite material is as lithium battery negative material of future generation.Especially have become every profession and trade development bottleneck in current battery capacity
Stage, the Large Copacity of silicium cathode material is more exposed to concern, and its technical problem mainly faced is to pass in and out in lithium ion
Violent expansion occurs for silicon materials volume in journey, produces the consequence of material efflorescence；Cause pole piece capacity to be remarkably decreased, pierce through film
The problems such as generation is short-circuit.The silicium cathode material preparation process being widely studied is concentrated mainly on elementary silicon nanosizing, to provide
The access way of lithium ion, its charge-discharge performance is improved, while reduce efflorescence degree.Silicon-carbon cathode material is coated by carbon material
Nano-silicon suppresses the bulk effect of silicon, but silicon-carbon cathode remains the problem of decay is very fast.
The content of the invention
A kind of system of core shell structure Si-C composite material is provided the invention aims to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art
Preparation Method.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of preparation of core shell structure Si-C composite material
Method, it comprises the following steps：
(a) pitch-coating is made to obtain the first mixture in silicon powder surface；The mass ratio of the pitch and the silica flour is 100：1
~100；
(b) first mixture is placed at inert atmosphere, calcined under conditions of 500~1000 DEG C.
Optimally, in step (a), pitch is dissolved in solvent and obtains the first solution, then silica flour is added into first solution
In, the first mixture is dried and ground and to obtain after mixing；The solvent is selected from benzene, toluene, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, gasoline
With the one or more in petroleum ether.
Optimally, in step (a), silica flour is added in liquid bitumen, dries and grind and to obtain the first mixture after mixing；Institute
State mixture of the liquid bitumen for one or more compositions in liquid asphalt, asphalt and emulsified asphalt.
Optimally, in step (b), the calcination time is 30min~48h.
Optimally, the Si-C composite material includes internal layer, intermediate layer and the outer layer set gradually from inside to outside, described interior
Layer is silicon substrate, and the intermediate layer is silicon oxide compound clad, and the outer layer is carbon-coating.
Further, the particle diameter of the silicon substrate is 10nm~1000 μm；The silicon oxide compound clad is silica
Or/and the sub- silicon of oxidation, its thickness is 1nm~500 μm；The carbon-coating is graphitized carbon, amorphous carbon or CNT.
Because above-mentioned technical proposal is used, the present invention has following advantages compared with prior art：Core shell structure of the present invention
The preparation method of Si-C composite material, using silicon materials as matrix and in its Surface coating pitch, cause at high temperature in pitch
A small amount of oxygen and gas in part oxygen and pasc reaction generation silicon oxide compound, while asphalt pyrolysis generation carbon is prepared obtaining
The composite of internal layer, intermediate layer and outer layer is disposed with from inside to outside, and this three-layer nuclear shell structure can effectively suppress charge and discharge
The Volume Changes of silica-base material in electric process, increasing material conductivity, the preparing raw material of the material is cheap, and technique is simple,
It is easy to operate, it is adapted to industrialization；The silicon oxide compound intermediate layer especially formed, lithium metasilicate conduct is generated in charge and discharge process
Cushion, effectively alleviate the volumetric expansion of internal silicon materials, suppress the rupture of material with carbon-coated surface layer.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of core shell structure Si-C composite material of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the SEM figures of the core shell structure Si-C composite material prepared in embodiment 1；
Fig. 3 is the TEM figures of the core shell structure Si-C composite material prepared in embodiment 1；
Fig. 4 is the long-term cycle performance of Si-C composite material in embodiment 1；
Fig. 5 is the high rate performance of Si-C composite material in embodiment 1；
Fig. 6 is the distribution diagram of element of Si-C composite material in embodiment 1.
Embodiment
The preparation method of core shell structure Si-C composite material of the present invention, it comprises the following steps：(a) pitch-coating is made in silicon
Powder surface obtains the first mixture；The mass ratio of the pitch and the silica flour is 100：1~100；(b) by first mixture
It is placed at inert atmosphere, calcines under conditions of 500~1000 DEG C.Dripped using silicon materials as matrix and in its Surface coating
Green grass or young crops, cause oxygen and pasc reaction generation silicon oxide compound in a small amount of oxygen and gas in pitch, while asphalt pyrolysis at high temperature
Carbon is generated, is prepared being disposed with the composite of internal layer, intermediate layer and outer layer, this three-layer nuclear shell from inside to outside
Structure can effectively suppress the Volume Changes of silica-base material in charge and discharge process, increase material conductivity, the preparing raw material of the material
Cheap, technique is simple, easy to operate, is adapted to industrialization；The silicon oxide compound intermediate layer especially formed, in discharge and recharge
Lithium metasilicate is generated in journey as cushion, effectively alleviates the volumetric expansion of internal silicon materials, suppresses the rupture of material with carbon-coated surface layer.
In step (a), preferably pitch is dissolved in solvent and obtains the first solution, then silica flour is added in first solution,
The first mixture is dried and ground and to obtain after mixing；The solvent is selected from benzene, toluene, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, gasoline and stone
One or more in oily ether；Or preferably add silica flour in liquid bitumen, the first mixing is dried and ground and to obtain after mixing
Thing；The liquid bitumen is one or more mixtures formed in liquid asphalt, asphalt and emulsified asphalt.Institute
State internal layer, intermediate layer and outer layer that Si-C composite material preferably includes to set gradually from inside to outside, the internal layer is silicon substrate, institute
It is silicon oxide compound clad to state intermediate layer, and the outer layer is carbon-coating.The particle diameter of the silicon substrate is preferably 10nm~1000 μm；
The silicon oxide compound clad is preferably silica or/and the sub- silicon of oxidation, and its thickness is 1nm~500 μm；The carbon-coating is preferred
For graphitized carbon, amorphous carbon or CNT.Of course, it is possible to during by changing the ratio of pitch silicon, calcining heat, calcining
Between, cooldown rate and gas purity etc., control the degree of graphitization of outermost layer carbon and the thickness of silicon oxide compound, make composite wood
Material reaches optimal chemical property；In step (b), the calcination time is preferably 30min~24h；The calcining heating
Speed is 1~20 DEG C/min, and rate of temperature fall is 1~20 DEG C/min；The inert atmosphere is argon gas, helium, neon, Krypton and xenon
Gas, its purity are 80%~100% (volume content).
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of core shell structure Si-C composite material preparation method, and it comprises the following steps：
(a) 8g pitches are dissolved in 50g petroleum ethers, be thoroughly mixed；1g silica flours are added in above-mentioned solution, filled
Divide and be stirred, dried at 100 DEG C and grind to obtain drying composite；
(b) mixture is calcined in inert atmosphere (argon gas), temperature is 500 DEG C, the time is that (product is in tube furnace by 5h
In, it is warming up to 500 DEG C from room temperature by 10 DEG C/min speed；After calcining terminates, room temperature is cooled to by 10 DEG C/min speed),
The Si-C composite material of core shell structure is obtained, its SEM figures are as shown in Fig. 2 TEM figures are as shown in Figure 3.Can from TEM figures (Fig. 3)
Go out obvious three-decker, outermost layer is graphited carbon material, and centre is unformed silicon oxide compound, and inside is crystallinity
Good crystalline silicon material.
By obtained Si-C composite material, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and acetylene black according to mass ratio 70：15：15 are dispersed in water
In be sufficiently stirred 30min, obtain well mixed mixture paste, and be coated on copper foil of affluxion body, dry, section will be dry
Dry pole piece is moved on in glove box, and using lithium piece as to electrode, being assembled into 2032 button cells, (electrolyte is 1M LiPF6To lead
The volume ratio of electric salt is 1：1：1 EC/DMC/DEC solution, and add mass fraction as 2% (relative to solvent quality, similarly hereinafter)
VC and mass fraction be 10% FEC as additive)；By the battery seal of assembling, 10h is stood；The battery that will have been stood
On charge-discharge test instrument constant current test chemical property (wherein charge-discharge magnification is 0.2C, voltage range 0.01~
1V)；Its long-term cycle performance, high rate performance and Elemental redistribution difference are as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of core shell structure Si-C composite material preparation method, its preparation process with embodiment 1
It is basically identical, unlike：In step (b), calcining heat is 800 DEG C.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment provides a kind of core shell structure Si-C composite material preparation method, its preparation process with embodiment 1
It is basically identical, unlike：In step (b), calcining heat is 1000 DEG C.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment provides a kind of core shell structure Si-C composite material preparation method, its preparation process with embodiment 1
It is basically identical, unlike：In step (a), the quality for adding silica flour is 2g.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment provides a kind of core shell structure Si-C composite material preparation method, its preparation process with embodiment 1
It is basically identical, unlike：In step (a), the quality for adding silica flour is 4g.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment provides a kind of core shell structure Si-C composite material preparation method, its preparation process with embodiment 1
It is basically identical, unlike：In step (b), calcination time 10h.
Embodiment 7
The present embodiment provides a kind of core shell structure Si-C composite material preparation method, and it comprises the following steps：
(a) 1g silica flours are added in 8g asphalt, be thoroughly mixed, dried at 100 DEG C and grind to obtain drying
Mixture；
(b) mixture is calcined in an inert atmosphere, temperature is 500 DEG C, time 5h, and the silicon-carbon for obtaining core shell structure is answered
Condensation material.
Comparative example 1
This example provides a kind of preparation method of silicon materials, and its preparation process is different with basically identical in embodiment 1
It is：Pitch is not added.
Obtained button battery in embodiment 1- embodiments 7 and comparative example 1 is subjected to electro-chemical test, it tests number
According to being listed in Table 1 below.
Obtained button battery performance table in the embodiment 1-6 of table 1 and comparative example 1
The above embodiments merely illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention, and its object is to allow person skilled in the art
Scholar can understand present disclosure and implement according to this, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, all according to the present invention
The equivalent change or modification that Spirit Essence is made, it should all be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of preparation method of core shell structure Si-C composite material, it is characterised in that it comprises the following steps：
(a) pitch-coating is made to obtain the first mixture in silicon powder surface；The mass ratio of the pitch and the silica flour is 100：1~
100；
(b) first mixture is placed at inert atmosphere, calcined under conditions of 500~1000 DEG C.
2. the preparation method of core shell structure Si-C composite material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：, will in step (a)
Pitch is dissolved in solvent obtaining the first solution, then silica flour is added in first solution, dries and grind first mixed after mixing
Compound；The solvent is the one or more in benzene, toluene, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, gasoline or petrol ether.
3. the preparation method of core shell structure Si-C composite material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：, will in step (a)
Silica flour is added in liquid bitumen, dries and grind and to obtain the first mixture after mixing；The liquid bitumen is selected from liquid asphalt, stone
The mixture of one or more compositions in oil asphalt and emulsified asphalt.
4. the preparation method of core shell structure Si-C composite material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (b),
The calcination time is 30min~48h.
5. the preparation method of core shell structure Si-C composite material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The silicon-carbon is answered
Condensation material includes internal layer, intermediate layer and the outer layer set gradually from inside to outside, and the internal layer is silicon substrate, and the intermediate layer is silicon
Oxygen compound clad, the outer layer are carbon-coating.
6. the preparation method of core shell structure Si-C composite material according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The silicon substrate
Particle diameter be 10nm~1000 μm；The silicon oxide compound clad is silica or/and the sub- silicon of oxidation, its thickness be 1nm~
500μm；The carbon-coating is graphitized carbon, amorphous carbon or CNT.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108448103A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-08-24 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of high performance silicon carbon composite with nucleocapsid and preparation method thereof and the application in lithium ion battery |
| CN108543505A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-09-18 | 中广核俊尔新材料有限公司 | A kind of compound particle and preparation method thereof with multiple nucleocapsid |
| CN111470508A (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-07-31 | 上海恒仑新能源科技有限公司 | Carbon compounding method of biological silicon monoxide and product thereof |
| CN112687861A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-20 | 华中科技大学 | Silicon oxide and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116936789A (en) * | 2023-09-18 | 2023-10-24 | 四川赛科检测技术有限公司 | Double-layer structured silicon-carbon composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN112687861A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-20 | 华中科技大学 | Silicon oxide and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112687861B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2023-03-10 | 华中科技大学 | Silicon oxide and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116936789A (en) * | 2023-09-18 | 2023-10-24 | 四川赛科检测技术有限公司 | Double-layer structured silicon-carbon composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116936789B (en) * | 2023-09-18 | 2023-12-05 | 四川赛科检测技术有限公司 | Double-layer structured silicon-carbon composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
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