CN113894508B - Riveting auxiliary rotary friction welding process and application of dissimilar metal bar - Google Patents
Riveting auxiliary rotary friction welding process and application of dissimilar metal bar Download PDFInfo
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- CN113894508B CN113894508B CN202111298243.4A CN202111298243A CN113894508B CN 113894508 B CN113894508 B CN 113894508B CN 202111298243 A CN202111298243 A CN 202111298243A CN 113894508 B CN113894508 B CN 113894508B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing a high-strength dissimilar metal bar structure by adopting a riveting auxiliary rotary friction welding process, which is particularly suitable for preparing a dissimilar metal structure with high performance and large hardness difference. The method not only can give full play to the technological advantages of the rotary friction welding, but also can improve the interface bonding performance of the central area by utilizing a riveting mode, obviously improve the composite structure performance of the dissimilar metal bar and directly obtain the high-performance dissimilar metal bar structural member on the basis of not obviously increasing the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material processing, in particular to a riveting auxiliary rotary friction welding process and application of a large-difference dissimilar metal bar.
Background
The prior art shows that in the rotary friction welding, although the optimization of the performance of the welded dissimilar metal joint can be realized by adjusting process parameters, the difference of the radial heat generation rate, the temperature distribution and the like of an interface is caused due to the difference of the rotary linear speeds of the rotary friction welding in the radial direction, so that the nonuniformity of the interface structure and the performance is further caused. A large number of tests show that in the central position of the joint, because the rotational linear speed is almost zero, the interface temperature is improved mainly by heat conduction of an outer high-temperature area, so that the interface metallurgical reaction is extremely insufficient and is a weak link of the whole joint. Therefore, the dissimilar metal rotary friction welding process and method need to be optimized through various means, and the improvement of the central area and the overall performance of the joint is promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a riveting auxiliary rotary friction welding process and application of a dissimilar metal bar. The invention relies on the inherent technical advantages of the rotary friction welding, provides a method for promoting the combination of the central areas of the interfaces of the dissimilar metals with large differences by using a riveting method, realizes the combination of the outer areas by using the rotary friction welding mode, and greatly improves the integral performance of the joint by using the process of the riveting auxiliary rotary friction welding.
The invention aims to provide a riveting auxiliary rotary friction welding process suitable for dissimilar metal bars.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention discloses the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a riveting auxiliary rotary friction welding process for dissimilar metal bars, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Processing the end face of a high-hardness metal A bar into a stud with a certain diameter and height and an annular groove according to the size of the bar to be welded; machining and flattening the end face of the low-hardness metal B bar;
(2) Respectively placing the metal B bar and the metal A bar processed in the step (1) on a rotating side and a feeding side of a rotary friction welding machine, and clamping;
(3) Properly adjusting the distance between the metal A bar and the metal B bar to ensure that the end face of the stud protruding out of the metal A bar is completely contacted with the metal B bar or properly inserted into the metal B bar;
(4) And starting the welding machine, starting welding after the welding machine reaches a set rotating speed, and finally preparing the dissimilar metal rod-shaped joint for riveting auxiliary rotary friction welding.
The invention also aims to provide application of the riveting auxiliary rotary friction welding process of the dissimilar metal bar. The process is suitable for friction welding production of various materials, in particular to a high-performance bar composite structural member (the hardness ratio of two materials is more than 1.5, such as aluminum alloy/steel) made of different metallurgical incompatible metals with large differences.
The method provided by the invention only needs to simply machine the end face of the non-deformed or slightly deformed high-hardness bar and simply adjust the rotary friction welding process, thereby avoiding higher production cost and complex operation process and directly obtaining the high-performance dissimilar metal complex bar-shaped structural member. In the central area during welding, the stud with the groove in the high-hardness metal A is in contact with the end face of the low-hardness metal B bar under the condition of no violent deformation and realizes riveting of the central area, and in the outer area, the violent plastic deformation and the flow of the metal B bar ensure interface high-strength bonding. According to the process, on the premise of not influencing the performance or metallurgical behavior of other outer side areas, the special structure of the stud with the annular groove enables the special structure of the dissimilar metal welding center area to generate obvious mechanical occlusion and metallurgical bonding effects, so that the dissimilar metal bar joint with high connection strength is obtained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
by adopting the riveting auxiliary rotary friction welding process, metal is machined firstly, and riveting of the central area is realized by means of pressure and relative rotary motion of two metals in the central area by means of the technical characteristics of rotary friction welding; the friction welding combination of dissimilar metals is realized in the outer area in a rotary friction welding mode, and a dissimilar metal bar joint with better processing performance than that of the traditional rotary friction welding can be obtained.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application. In the attached drawings, the riveting auxiliary rotary friction welding process of dissimilar metals of large-difference aluminum alloy (low hardness)/steel (high hardness) is taken as an example.
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the end face of the steel illustrated in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a stud machined from a steel end face as described in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the aluminum alloy/steel bar material before welding end face contact in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a welded structural member of an aluminum alloy/steel bar composite structure obtained by the process method in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an aluminum/steel riveted assisted inertia friction weld joint.
The steel stud welding method comprises the following steps of 1-steel, 2-processed studs, 3-stud end faces, 4-stud grooves, 5-aluminum alloy, 6-aluminum alloy in the rotating direction, 7-steel bar feeding direction and 8-aluminum alloy deformation-formed flash.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As mentioned in the background, there is no research and invention related to strengthening and toughening adjustment of a weak dissimilar metal rotary friction welding center region. Therefore, the invention provides a riveting auxiliary rotary friction welding process and a method capable of obviously improving the performance of a dissimilar metal bar structural member, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Processing the end face of the metal A bar into a stud with a certain diameter and height and an annular groove according to the size of the bar to be welded; processing and flattening the end face of the metal B bar;
(2) Respectively placing the metal B and the metal A processed in the step (1) on the rotating side and the feeding side of a rotating welding machine, and clamping;
(3) Properly adjusting the distance between the metal A and the metal B to ensure that the end face of the stud protruding from the metal A is completely contacted with the metal B or properly inserted into the metal B;
(4) And starting the welding machine, selecting the optimal parameters for welding after the welding machine reaches the set rotating speed and lasts for a period of time, and preparing the riveting auxiliary rotary friction welding dissimilar metal rod-shaped joint.
In one or more embodiments of the invention, the metal a-bar is a high hardness metal, such as steel, titanium alloy; the metal B bar is a metal with low hardness, such as aluminum alloy, copper and the like; preferably, the metal a bar is steel; the metal B bar is aluminum alloy.
In one or more specific embodiments of the present invention, in step (1), the metal a is processed by machining a stud with a certain diameter and height and an annular groove, specifically: processing a cylinder with the height of 1.5-3.5mm and the diameter of 0.15-0.35 times of the diameter of the steel rod by using an end face grooving cutter of a numerical control lathe or a common lathe; then changing the turning tool into a triangular turning tool, processing annular grooves with the depth of 0.2-0.8mm on the side surface of the cylinder every 0.5-1.5mm, and finally flattening the obtained end surface of the stud.
Preferably, the height of the processing cylinder is 2mm.
Preferably, the diameter of the working cylinder is 0.2 times the diameter of the rod.
Preferably, the grooves are spaced 1mm apart on center.
Preferably, the groove depth is 0.4mm.
In one or more specific embodiments of the present invention, in the step (1), the metal B bar is processed by: and removing the surface oxide layer by using a numerical control lathe or a common lathe to obtain the flat end surface.
In one or more embodiments of the present invention, in step (2), the rotary friction welder may be one of a continuous drive friction welder or an inertia friction welder.
In one or more embodiments of the invention, in step (2), the free end length of the metal A bar to be welded after clamping should be greater than 3mm.
In one or more embodiments of the present invention, in step (2), the length of the free end of the metal B bar to be welded after clamping should be greater than the total axial shortening of the joint.
In one or more embodiments of the invention, in step (3), the bar of metal B to be welded should be perfectly centered on the bar of metal A to be welded.
In one or more embodiments of the present invention, in step (3), the metal B bar to be welded is preferably only in close contact with metal a, and if the metal a bar stud is inserted into metal B, its insertion depth should be less than 0.3mm.
In one or more embodiments of the invention, before welding in the step (4), after the metal B reaches the set rotating speed, the metal B and the metal A bar stud are subjected to pre-friction for 3-10s, so that the surface temperature of the metal A and the surface temperature of the metal B are locally subjected to friction to generate heat, and the generation of metallurgical reaction at the central position of the interface is promoted.
Preferably, the stud and metal B bar are subjected to early friction for 5s.
In one or more embodiments of the present invention, in step (4), the welding process parameters selected are the optimal parameters for friction welding of flat metal a bar and metal B bar of the same size and material.
The invention also aims to provide application of the riveting auxiliary rotary friction welding process of the dissimilar metal bar. The process is suitable for the production of friction welding of various materials, in particular to the production of high-performance bar composite structural members made of large-difference dissimilar metals. On the premise of not influencing the performance or metallurgical behavior of the outer area of the joint, the stud of the annular groove processed by the end face of the high-hardness metal realizes mechanical occlusion and metallurgical bonding with the low-hardness metal in the central area of the joint.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
The method adopts a riveting auxiliary inertia friction welding process to realize high-quality and high-efficiency connection of an aluminum alloy with the diameter of 15mm and a steel bar, the connection strength of the aluminum alloy and the steel bar is obviously higher than that of an aluminum/steel dissimilar metal joint prepared by a conventional friction welding process, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a bar material: the selected aluminum alloy bar material is in a 6061-T6 state in the test, and the stainless steel is in a 304 stainless steel solution treatment state. And removing the oxide film on the end surface of the aluminum alloy bar only by using mechanical processing to obtain a flat end surface. For steel bars, processing a cylinder with the height of 1mm and the diameter of about 3.5mm by using a high-precision lathe end face grooving cutter; then, changing the side surface of the cylinder into a trigonometric lathe tool, and processing grooves with the depth of 0.40mm on the side surface of the cylinder every 1 mm; finally removing the oxidation film on the end face of the stud and processing the stud to be smooth;
(2) Preparing a welding machine: clamping and adjusting the inertia friction welding flywheel to ensure that the inertia moment of the flywheel is 4.50 Kg.m 2 . The rest technological parameters are as follows: the initial rotation speed of the flywheel is 1100rpm, and the friction pressure is 160MPa;
(3) Transferring the workpiece: this example follows the pattern of fig. 1, i.e. aluminum alloy bar on the side of rotation and steel bar on the side of feed. The aluminum alloy and the steel bar are respectively fixed by a clamp, so that the aluminum alloy and the steel bar are well centered;
(4) And (3) welding: and starting the welding machine to enable the aluminum alloy end face to be in close contact with the steel bar stud end face. Starting a flywheel, starting timing after the rotating speed of the flywheel reaches 1100rpm, and starting friction pressure while turning off a flywheel power supply after 5 s; under the action of friction pressure and flywheel inertia, aluminum/steel realizes riveting auxiliary inertia friction welding. The morphology of the finally obtained aluminum/steel riveting auxiliary inertia friction welding joint is shown in fig. 4. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an aluminum/steel riveted assisted inertia friction weld joint.
(5) And (3) performance testing: and after the welding is finished, removing the flash formed by the aluminum alloy through mechanical processing. The prepared joint is placed on an MTS E45 universal testing machine to carry out performance test at a tensile rate of 1mm/min, the strength of the riveting auxiliary inertia friction welding joint after the test is 300MPa, and the performance of the joint is improved by about 20% compared with that of a conventional friction welding joint.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (14)
1. The riveting auxiliary rotary friction welding process for the dissimilar metal bars is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Processing the end face of a metal A bar into a stud with a certain diameter and height and an annular groove according to the size of the bar to be welded, and processing the end face of a metal B bar to be flat;
(2) Respectively placing the metal B bar and the metal A bar processed in the step (1) on a rotating side and a feeding side of a rotary friction welding machine, and clamping;
(3) Properly adjusting the distance between the metal A bar and the metal B bar to ensure that the end face of the stud protruding out of the metal A bar is completely contacted with the metal B bar or properly inserted into the metal B bar;
(4) Starting a welding machine, starting welding after the welding machine reaches a set rotating speed, and finally preparing a dissimilar metal rod-shaped joint for riveting auxiliary rotary friction welding;
the specific mode for processing the end face of the metal A bar in the step (1) is as follows: processing a cylinder with the height of 1.5-3.5mm and the diameter of 0.15-0.35 times that of the metal A bar by using an end face grooving cutter of a numerical control lathe or a common lathe; then, the turning tool is replaced by a triangular turning tool, grooves with the depth of 0.2-0.8mm are machined on the side surface of the cylinder every 0.5-1.5mm, and finally the obtained end surface of the stud is turned to be flat.
2. A process of rivet assisted rotary friction welding of dissimilar metal bars according to claim 1 wherein said metal a bar is a high hardness metal; the metal B bar is low-hardness metal.
3. A process of riveting assisted rotary friction welding of dissimilar metal bars according to claim 2, wherein the metal a bar is steel or titanium alloy; the metal B bar is aluminum alloy or copper.
4. A process of spin-assisted friction welding of a dissimilar metal rod according to claim 3 wherein said metal A rod is steel and said metal B rod is an aluminum alloy.
5. A process of spin-assisted friction welding of riveting of dissimilar metal bars according to claim 1, wherein the cylinder height is 1.5-3.5 mm; the diameter of the cylinder is 0.15-0.35 times of the diameter of the metal A bar; the center distance of the grooves is 0.5-1.5mm, and the depth of the grooves is 0.2-0.8 mm.
6. A process of spin-assisted friction welding for riveting a dissimilar metal bar according to claim 5, wherein the height of the cylinder is 2mm, the diameter of the cylinder is 0.2 times the diameter of the metal A bar, the spacing of the groove centers is 1mm, and the groove depth is 0.4mm.
7. The process of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the metal B bar is treated by: and removing the surface oxide layer by using a numerical control lathe or a common lathe to obtain the flat end surface.
8. A riveting assisted rotary friction welding process of dissimilar metal bars according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the rotary friction welder is one of a continuous drive friction welder or an inertia friction welder; the length of the free end of the metal A bar to be welded is more than 3mm after being clamped; the length of the free end of the metal B bar to be welded after being clamped is larger than the total axial shortening of the joint.
9. A riveting auxiliary rotary friction welding process of dissimilar metal bars according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the metal B bar to be welded should be perfectly centered with the metal A bar to be welded; in the step (3), the bar of metal B to be welded and the metal A only need to be in close contact.
10. The riveting auxiliary rotary friction welding process of the dissimilar metal rods according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the metal B rod to be welded should be completely centered with the metal A rod to be welded; in the step (3), the metal A bar stud is inserted into the metal B, and the insertion depth of the metal A bar stud is less than 0.3mm.
11. The process of claim 1, wherein before welding, the metal B bar is subjected to 3-10s of pre-friction with the stud of the metal A bar after reaching the set rotation speed, so that the surface temperatures of the metal A bar and the metal B bar are locally rubbed to generate heat, thereby promoting the metallurgical reaction at the center of the interface.
12. A riveting auxiliary rotary friction welding process of dissimilar metal bars according to claim 11, wherein the early friction time of the metal A bar stud and the metal B bar is 5s.
13. A rivet assisted rotary friction welding process for dissimilar metal bars according to claim 1 wherein in step (4) the welding process parameters selected are the optimum parameters for friction welding of flat metal a bar and metal B bar of the same size and material.
14. Use of a riveting assisted rotary friction welding process of dissimilar metal bars according to any one of claims 1 to 13 in the friction welding production of dissimilar metal high performance bar composite structures.
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Citations (5)
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| DE202005005756U1 (en) * | 2005-04-12 | 2005-06-16 | Textron Verbindungstechnik Gmbh & Co. Ohg | Bolt with outer threads on each side of head, has pin attached to side of head opposite thread by welding |
| CN106346128A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-01-25 | 西北工业大学 | Aluminum copper dissimilar metal rotation friction welding method added with middle layer |
| CN106735844A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-05-31 | 大连理工大学 | For the wrapping structure and spin friction soldering method of dissimilar metal spin friction weldering |
| CN107639341A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-01-30 | 吉林大学 | High-performance spin friction Welding for different alloys |
| CN111098018A (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2020-05-05 | 重庆理工大学 | High-frequency-assistance-based semisolid friction brazing method for dissimilar metals |
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2021
- 2021-11-04 CN CN202111298243.4A patent/CN113894508B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE202005005756U1 (en) * | 2005-04-12 | 2005-06-16 | Textron Verbindungstechnik Gmbh & Co. Ohg | Bolt with outer threads on each side of head, has pin attached to side of head opposite thread by welding |
| CN106346128A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-01-25 | 西北工业大学 | Aluminum copper dissimilar metal rotation friction welding method added with middle layer |
| CN106735844A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-05-31 | 大连理工大学 | For the wrapping structure and spin friction soldering method of dissimilar metal spin friction weldering |
| CN107639341A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-01-30 | 吉林大学 | High-performance spin friction Welding for different alloys |
| CN111098018A (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2020-05-05 | 重庆理工大学 | High-frequency-assistance-based semisolid friction brazing method for dissimilar metals |
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