CN113892581A - 一种具有降血糖功效的大米及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有降血糖功效的大米及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有降血糖功效的大米，是由以下重量份的原料制成：苦荞麦61～69份，燕麦麸皮15～22份，小麦蛋白6～10份，白芸豆1～5份，白扁豆1～5份，葛根0.5～1份、桑叶0.5～1份、苦瓜0.5～1份，干姜0.5～1份；其中，葛根、桑叶、苦瓜、干姜共2～4份。本发明具有降血糖功效的大米通过将苦荞麦、燕麦麸皮、小麦蛋白、白芸豆、白扁豆、葛根、桑叶、苦瓜、干姜等几种药材搭配制成，达到调整机理、降低血糖血脂的目的，具有突出的血糖调节作用，有利于增强机体免疫功能；此外、本发明的配方不仅可发挥组分的各自功效，又可体现上述组分的协同功效，强化了降低血糖的功能，且均衡了营养，互相促进吸收。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品加工技术领域，具体涉及一种具有降血糖功效的大米及其制备方法。
背景技术
糖尿病，是由遗传因素、免疫功能紊乱、微生物感染及其毒素、自由基毒素、精神因素等各种致病因子作用于机体导致胰岛功能减退、胰岛素抵抗等而引发的糖、蛋白质、脂肪、水和电解质等一系列代谢紊乱综合征。临床上以高血糖为主要特点，常并发心脏、血管、肾、眼、神经***疾病，严重时可发生酮症酸中毒，非酮症高渗性糖尿病昏迷，而且常伴有各种感染，是危害人体健康较严重的一种疾病。
而大米作为世界范围内最重要的主食，在日常饮食中占有不可替代的作用，其提供的能量在我国南方可达到40％，大米，是稻谷经清理、砻谷、碾米、成品整理等工序后制成的成品。稻谷的胚与糊粉层中含有近64％的稻米营养和90％以上的人体所须的营养元素，是中国大部分地区人民的主要食品。大米中含碳水化合物75％左右，蛋白质7％-8％，脂肪1.3％-1.8％，并含有丰富的B族维生素等。大米中的碳水化合物主要是淀粉，所含的蛋白质主要是米谷蛋白，其次是米胶蛋白和球蛋白，其蛋白质的生物价和氨基酸的构成比例都比小麦、大麦、小米、玉米等禾谷类作物高，消化率66.8％-83.1％，也是谷类蛋白质中较高的一种。
而对于糖尿病患者来说，却需要严格控制大米的摄入量，否则会导致血糖的急剧升高，但是却因此而导致不能饱腹。因此有基于此，本申请发明人提供一种大米形状的食材，以供给市场，以满足消费者对主食口感与降血糖功效的需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术中存在的缺点，而提出的一种具有降血糖功效的大米及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种具有降血糖功效的大米，是由以下重量份的原料制成：苦荞麦61～69份，燕麦麸皮15～22份，小麦蛋白6～10份，白芸豆1～5份，白扁豆1～5份，葛根0.5～1份、桑叶0.5～1份、苦瓜0.5～1份，干姜0.5～1份；其中，葛根、桑叶、苦瓜、干姜共2～4份。
在一些优选的实施例中，所述具有降血糖功效的大米是由以下重量份的原料制成：苦荞麦65份，燕麦麸皮18份，小麦蛋白8份，白芸豆3份，白扁豆3份，葛根0.75份、桑叶0.75份、苦瓜0.75份，干姜0.75份。
本发明还提供一种上述具有降血糖功效的大米的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将配方量的苦荞麦、燕麦麸皮、小麦蛋白、白芸豆、白扁豆、葛根、桑叶、苦瓜、干姜混合并进行粉碎处理；
(2)使用饱和蒸汽对混合粉碎后的原料加热，并加入15～25％的水分，对物料加热至90～95℃。
(3)使用双螺杆挤压机对加热后的物料进行蒸煮，蒸煮的温度为60～150℃，加入10～15％水分；
(4)对蒸煮后的物料挤压并通过模孔挤出，通过切刀切割成大米形状；
(5)对切割成型的大米进行流化床热风干燥；
(6)冷却后称重包装。
依照本发明较佳实施例所述的制备方法，所述双螺杆挤压机在蒸煮时的套筒温度为40～150℃，螺杆转速为120～340rpm，切刀速度为900～2600rpm。
依照本发明较佳实施例所述的制备方法，所述流化床热风干燥的温度为75～85℃，时间持续30～40分钟。
本发明具备以下有益效果：
本发明具有降血糖功效的大米通过将苦荞麦、燕麦麸皮、小麦蛋白、白芸豆、白扁豆、葛根、桑叶、苦瓜、干姜等几种药材搭配制成，达到调整机理、降低血糖血脂的目的，具有突出的血糖调节作用，有利于增强机体免疫功能；此外、本发明的配方不仅可发挥组分的各自功效，又可体现上述组分的协同功效，强化了降低血糖的功能，且均衡了营养，互相促进吸收。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，以下结合具体实施例，对本发明作进一步地详细说明。
本发明提供一种具有降血糖功效的大米，是由以下重量份的原料制成：苦荞麦61～69份，燕麦麸皮15～22份，小麦蛋白6～10份，白芸豆1～5份，白扁豆1～5份，葛根0.5～1份、桑叶0.5～1份、苦瓜0.5～1份，干姜0.5～1份；其中，葛根、桑叶、苦瓜、干姜共2～4份。
上述具有降血糖功效的大米各成分重量比优选为：苦荞麦65份，燕麦麸皮18份，小麦蛋白8份，白芸豆3份，白扁豆3份，葛根0.75份、桑叶0.75份、苦瓜0.75份，干姜0.75份。
本发明的降血糖功效的大米是均采用纯天然的食材，其各组成成分均具有较高的营养价值。
其中，苦荞麦中含有生物类黄酮、多种维生素、18种氨基酸、粗蛋白、叶绿素及其硒、锌、镁、铬、钙等矿物质及微量元素，能够预防和治疗心脑血管疾病，对动脉硬化、冠心病、心肌梗塞、脑梗塞、脑出血、中风有效，还具有降血压、降血脂、降血糖、辅助治疗糖尿病的功效，是糖尿病患者主粮的最佳选择。
燕麦麸皮是燕麦含有膳食纤维最多的部分，特别是含有最丰富的β葡聚糖，β葡聚糖属可溶性膳食纤维，是已知的降血脂有效成分，同时有助于肠道健康。
小麦蛋白是从小麦中提取出来的天然蛋白质，由多种氨基酸组成，蛋白质含量高达75％～85％，含有人体必须的十五种氨基酸，是营养丰富的植物蛋白资源，具有粘性、弹性、延伸性、薄膜成型性和吸脂性。且小麦蛋白不完全水解生成的多肽，具有一定的生理活性功能，如抑制高血压、提高机体免疫力等。
白芸豆味甘平，具有温中下气、利肠胃、止呃逆、益肾补元等功用，是一种滋补食疗佳品。芸豆还有镇静作用，对治疗虚寒呃逆、胃寒呕吐、跌打损伤、喘息咳嗽、腰痛、神经痛均有一定疗效。芸豆还是一种高钾低钠食品，很适合于心脏病、动脉硬化、高血脂和忌盐患者食用。白扁豆具有能健脾化湿的功效。
另外，葛根味甘，具有营养心肌，降糖降脂肪的功效。桑叶具有疏风散热、清肝润肺、明目、止咳化痰的作用。苦瓜内富含苦瓜素，苦瓜素被誉为“脂肪杀手”能使捏取脂肪和多糖减少，可以仰制正常细胞的癌变和促进突变细胞的复原，具有一定的抗癌作用。苦瓜的维生素C含量很高，具有预防坏血病、保护细胞膜、防止动脉粥样硬化、提高机体应激能力、保护心脏等作用。干姜具有辛热、温中散寒、回阳通脉、温肺化饮等性能。尤其在暖胃、通脉具有独特功效。
因此，本发明能够达到调整机理、降低血糖血脂的目的，具有突出的血糖调节作用，有利于增强机体免疫功能；此外、本发明的配方不仅可发挥组分的各自功效，又可体现上述组分的协同功效，强化了降低血糖的功能，且均衡了营养，互相促进吸收。
本发明还提供一种上述具有降血糖功效的大米的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将配方量的苦荞麦、燕麦麸皮、小麦蛋白、白芸豆、白扁豆、葛根、桑叶、苦瓜、干姜混合并进行粉碎处理；
(2)使用饱和蒸汽对混合粉碎后的原料加热，并加入15～25％的水分，对物料加热至90～95℃。
(3)使用双螺杆挤压机对加热后的物料进行蒸煮，蒸煮的温度为60～150℃，加入10～15％水分；
(4)对蒸煮后的物料挤压并通过模孔挤出，通过切刀切割成大米形状；
(5)对切割成型的大米进行流化床热风干燥；
(6)冷却后称重包装。
其中，双螺杆挤压机在蒸煮时的套筒温度为40～150℃，螺杆转速为120～340rpm，切刀速度为900～2600rpm。流化床热风干燥的温度为75～85℃，时间持续30～40分钟。
本发明双螺杆挤压机在生产时挤压机内总产生的高温、高压、高剪切力的作用，使物料的组织结构发生了变化，在模板成型处高压力的作用下，各物料重新组合，形成结构细腻、表面光洁、容易消化吸收的食材。
此外，本领域的技术人员能够理解，尽管在此所述的一些实施例包括其它实施例中所包括的某些特征而不是其它特征，但是不同实施例的特征的组合意味着处于本发明的范围之内并且形成不同的实施例。例如，在上面的权利要求书中，所要求保护的实施例的任意之一都可以以任意的组合方式来使用。公开于该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在加深对本发明的总体背景技术的理解，而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域技术人员所公知的现有技术。
Claims (5)
1.一种具有降血糖功效的大米，其特征在于，是由以下重量份的原料制成：苦荞麦61～69份，燕麦麸皮15～22份，小麦蛋白6～10份，白芸豆1～5份，白扁豆1～5份，葛根0.5～1份、桑叶0.5～1份、苦瓜0.5～1份，干姜0.5～1份；其中，葛根、桑叶、苦瓜、干姜共2～4份。
2.如权利要求1所述的具有降血糖功效的大米，其特征在于，是由以下重量份的原料制成：苦荞麦65份，燕麦麸皮18份，小麦蛋白8份，白芸豆3份，白扁豆3份，葛根0.75份、桑叶0.75份、苦瓜0.75份，干姜0.75份。
3.一种具有降血糖功效的大米的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)将配方量的苦荞麦、燕麦麸皮、小麦蛋白、白芸豆、白扁豆、葛根、桑叶、苦瓜、干姜混合并进行粉碎处理；
(2)使用饱和蒸汽对混合粉碎后的原料加热，并加入15～25％的水分，对物料加热至90～95℃。
(3)使用双螺杆挤压机对加热后的物料进行蒸煮，蒸煮的温度为60～150℃，加入10～15％水分；
(4)对蒸煮后的物料挤压并通过模孔挤出，通过切刀切割成大米形状；
(5)对切割成型的大米进行流化床热风干燥；
(6)冷却后称重包装。
4.如权利要求3所述的具有降血糖功效的大米的制备方法，其特征在于，所述双螺杆挤压机在蒸煮时的套筒温度为40～150℃，螺杆转速为120～340rpm，切刀速度为900～2600rpm。
5.如权利要求3所述的具有降血糖功效的大米的制备方法，其特征在于，所述流化床热风干燥的温度为75～85℃，时间持续30～40分钟。
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