CN113884764A - Monitoring system and early warning method for harmonic abnormal motion of distribution cable - Google Patents
Monitoring system and early warning method for harmonic abnormal motion of distribution cable Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a monitoring system for harmonic abnormal motion of a distribution cable, which comprises a high-precision current transformer, a distribution cable distributed monitoring device and a background analysis server; the distribution cable distributed monitoring device comprises an analog quantity sensing and conditioning module; the high-precision current transformer is connected with an analog quantity sensing and conditioning module; the analog quantity sensing conditioning module is connected with the high-frequency sampling module; the high-frequency sampling module is connected with the core processing unit; the core processing unit is communicated with the background analysis server through the communication module. The invention also discloses an early warning method of the monitoring system for the harmonic abnormal motion of the distribution cable. According to the invention, the harmonic signals formed by the insulation defect discharge phenomenon of the cable line are collected, the harmonic characteristics of the electric quantity of the distribution cable are captured and analyzed, and the cable state is evaluated and early warned by comparing and comparing typical data before the line or in a historical record, so that the latent fault can be found at an early stage, and the power failure loss caused by the fault can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of monitoring of running states of distribution cables, in particular to a monitoring system and an early warning method for harmonic abnormal motion of a distribution cable.
Background
With the acceleration of urbanization in China, the coverage rate and the asset scale of power cables are increasing at an unprecedented rate. In order to meet the power supply requirement, the proportion of the power cable in the urban power grid is increased more and more. Although power cables are more reliable in operation than overhead lines, power cables can also fail during operation due to various factors. For example, in power plants and transformer substation cable bridges, cable tunnels, cable interlayers, cable trenches, cable shafts, switchgear, transformers, resistor banks and other electrical equipment, the electrical equipment generates heat and ages in long-term high voltage to cause fire disasters, and through years of fire investigation and research, most of fire accidents are caused by overhigh temperature, and particularly, the loss caused by the fire disasters of the cable tunnels is the largest.
The main causes of failure can be roughly attributed to: mechanical damage, insulation moisture, insulation aging deterioration, overvoltage, poor design and manufacturing process, material defects, corrosion of the protective layer, loss of insulation of the cable and the like. Because power cables all have thick insulating layers and are buried underground, once a fault occurs, the power cables are difficult to find, a large amount of manpower and material resources are needed, the repair time is too long, and extra power failure loss can be caused, so that the workload of operation management, detection maintenance and the like of the power cables is increased.
The current monitoring system mainly aims at single-core transmission cables of 110kV and above, and effective real-time online monitoring means and methods are lacked for middle-low voltage distribution cables at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a monitoring system for harmonic abnormal motion of a distribution cable, which can evaluate and early warn the state of the cable by monitoring the harmonic characteristics of the electric quantity of the distribution cable in real time and comparing typical data before a line or historical records.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a monitoring system for harmonic abnormal motion of a distribution cable comprises a high-precision current transformer, a distribution cable distributed monitoring device and a background analysis server; the distribution cable distributed monitoring device comprises an analog quantity sensing conditioning module, a high-frequency sampling module, a communication module, a core processing unit, a power supply module and a shell; the output end of the high-precision current transformer is connected with the input end of the analog quantity sensing conditioning module; the output end of the analog quantity sensing conditioning module is connected with the input end of the high-frequency sampling module; the output end of the high-frequency sampling module is connected with the input end of the core processing unit; the core processing unit is communicated with the background analysis server through the communication module; the core processing unit is integrated with a microprocessor chip with a power distribution cable harmonic abnormal motion early warning algorithm.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for warning a monitoring system for harmonic disturbances of a distribution cable, the method comprising the following steps in sequence:
(1) 4 voltages and 4 currents are sampled at high frequency and stored as standard comtrade format data;
(2) calculating effective value voltage, phase current and zero sequence voltage zero sequence current, and setting a starting threshold;
(3) calculating and recording the content of each harmonic wave and the total harmonic distortion rate by taking 5 cycles as a time window;
(4) after the voltage and current or the total harmonic distortion rate or the harmonic content reaches a starting threshold, storing 100 cycles before starting to recover 5 cycles of internal data, and calling wave recording data during the last starting to enter the step (5);
(5) recording data during the fault and the harmonic distortion rate change condition during the two faults are retrieved, comparison is carried out, and the cable state is evaluated and early warned;
(6) and storing all the data, uploading the harmonic information presenting close correlation, and providing early warning information.
The step (2) specifically comprises the following steps: within a power frequency period, the true effective value U of phase voltageTThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
comparing the voltage amplitude of each cycle with a fault starting threshold by taking the cycle as a unit;
the fault starting threshold of the phase voltage phase current is 2 times of the true effective value; calculating zero sequence current and zero sequence voltage by using 3 half-wave or 30ms sampling point data;
after the fault is started, determining a fault starting point: comparing instantaneous values of the voltage in sequence from the previous cycle of fault starting, and determining a first instantaneous value amplitude, namely a point at which the absolute value of the instantaneous value is greater than 1.4 times of a fault starting threshold as a fault starting point; when the voltage of 2 continuous cycles or more exceeds a fault starting threshold, confirming the voltage as a ground fault, otherwise, considering the voltage as disturbance; the end of disturbance is the second cycle after the fault is started; that is, if the voltage exceeds the fault start threshold again from the third cycle, a new fault is considered.
The step (3) specifically comprises the following steps: setting the harmonic content rate HR and the total harmonic distortion rate THD to be 2-order to 63-order harmonics; if the total harmonic distortion rate is more than 4%, the odd order is more than 3.2%, and the even order is more than 1.6%, one of the three is satisfied, then starting to record and store data.
The step (5) specifically comprises the following steps:
(5a) calling current data for similarity calculation, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein ρ is a value between-1 and + 1;
(5b) if the voltage and current reach the recording data of the fault starting threshold in the front and back 2 times, if the absolute value of rho is larger than 0.7, the faults in the front and back two times are regarded as the same type of fault, and if the absolute value of rho is smaller than or equal to 0.7, the faults in the front and back two times are regarded as different types of faults;
when the absolute value of rho is larger than 0.7, the content of each subharmonic is taken and compared; if the change rate of the content rate of a certain harmonic is more than or equal to 20%, the correlation between the certain harmonic and the fault is considered to be 1; otherwise, the correlation is considered to be 0;
adjusting the content of each subharmonic and comparing the absolute value of rho less than or equal to 0.7; if the change rate of the content rate of a certain harmonic is greater than or equal to 50%, the correlation between the certain harmonic and the fault is considered to be 1; otherwise, the correlation is considered to be 0;
(5c) if the harmonic distortion rate reaches the recording data of the fault starting threshold, the front and back 2 times are recording data, if the absolute value of rho is larger than 0.3, the front and back two times of faults are regarded as the same type of fault, and if the absolute value of rho is smaller than or equal to 0.3, the front and back two times of faults are regarded as different types of faults;
when the absolute value of rho is larger than 0.3, the content of each harmonic wave is called and compared; if the change rate of the content rate of a certain harmonic is more than or equal to 20%, the correlation between the certain harmonic and the fault is considered to be 1; otherwise, the correlation is considered to be 0;
adjusting the content of each subharmonic and comparing the absolute value of rho less than or equal to 0.3; if the change rate of the content rate of a certain harmonic is greater than or equal to 50%, the correlation between the certain harmonic and the fault is considered to be 1; otherwise, the correlation is considered to be 0;
(5d) if the front and back 2 times are not the same type fault starting threshold, if the absolute value of rho is larger than 0.5, the front and back two times of faults are regarded as the same type of fault, and if the absolute value of rho is smaller than or equal to 0.5, the front and back two times of faults are regarded as different types of faults;
when the absolute value of rho is larger than 0.5, the content of each harmonic wave is called and compared; if the change rate of the content rate of a certain harmonic is more than or equal to 20%, the correlation between the certain harmonic and the fault is considered to be 1; otherwise, the correlation is considered to be 0;
adjusting the content of each subharmonic and comparing the absolute value of rho less than or equal to 0.3; if the change rate of the content rate of a certain harmonic is greater than or equal to 50%, the correlation between the certain harmonic and the fault is considered to be 1; otherwise, the correlation is considered to be 0;
(5e) and accumulating the times of the correlation of each harmonic being 1, and if the correlation of a certain harmonic is more than 10% of the total accumulated times of each harmonic, determining that the harmonic is closely related to the cable fault.
According to the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the invention, the harmonic signals formed by the insulation defect discharge phenomenon of the cable line are collected, the harmonic characteristics of the electric quantity of the distribution cable are captured and analyzed, and the cable state is evaluated and early warned by comparing and comparing typical data before the line or in a historical record, so that the latent fault can be found at an early stage, and the power failure loss caused by the fault can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for pre-warning of harmonic variation in a distribution cable according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a harmonic transaction correlation determination method according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of the system architecture of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 3, a monitoring system for harmonic abnormal motion of a distribution cable includes a high-precision current transformer, a distribution cable distributed monitoring device, and a background analysis server; the distribution cable distributed monitoring device comprises an analog quantity sensing conditioning module, a high-frequency sampling module, a communication module, a core processing unit, a power supply module and a shell; the output end of the high-precision current transformer is connected with the input end of the analog quantity sensing conditioning module; the output end of the analog quantity sensing conditioning module is connected with the input end of the high-frequency sampling module; the output end of the high-frequency sampling module is connected with the input end of the core processing unit; the core processing unit is communicated with the background analysis server through the communication module; the core processing unit is integrated with a microprocessor chip with a power distribution cable harmonic abnormal motion early warning algorithm.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the method comprises the following steps in sequence:
(1) 4 voltages and 4 currents are sampled at high frequency and stored as standard comtrade format data;
(2) calculating effective value voltage, phase current and zero sequence voltage zero sequence current, and setting a starting threshold;
(3) calculating and recording the content of each harmonic wave and the total harmonic distortion rate by taking 5 cycles as a time window;
(4) after the voltage and current or the total harmonic distortion rate or the harmonic content reaches a starting threshold, storing 100 cycles before starting to recover 5 cycles of internal data, and calling wave recording data during the last starting to enter the step (5);
(5) recording data during the fault and the harmonic distortion rate change condition during the two faults are retrieved, comparison is carried out, and the cable state is evaluated and early warned;
(6) and storing all the data, uploading the harmonic information presenting close correlation, and providing early warning information.
The step (2) specifically comprises the following steps: within a power frequency period, the true effective value U of phase voltageTThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
comparing the voltage amplitude of each cycle with a fault starting threshold by taking the cycle as a unit;
the fault starting threshold of the phase voltage phase current is 2 times of the true effective value; calculating zero sequence current and zero sequence voltage by using 3 half-wave or 30ms sampling point data;
after the fault is started, determining a fault starting point: comparing instantaneous values of the voltage in sequence from the previous cycle of fault starting, and determining a first instantaneous value amplitude, namely a point at which the absolute value of the instantaneous value is greater than 1.4 times of a fault starting threshold as a fault starting point; when the voltage of 2 continuous cycles or more exceeds a fault starting threshold, confirming the voltage as a ground fault, otherwise, considering the voltage as disturbance; the end of disturbance is the second cycle after the fault is started; that is, if the voltage exceeds the fault start threshold again from the third cycle, a new fault is considered.
The step (3) specifically comprises the following steps: setting the harmonic content rate HR and the total harmonic distortion rate THD to be 2-order to 63-order harmonics; if the total harmonic distortion rate is more than 4%, the odd order is more than 3.2%, and the even order is more than 1.6%, one of the three is satisfied, then starting to record and store data.
The step (5) specifically comprises the following steps:
(5a) calling current data for similarity calculation, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein ρ is a value between-1 and + 1;
(5b) if the voltage and current reach the recording data of the fault starting threshold in the front and back 2 times, if the absolute value of rho is larger than 0.7, the faults in the front and back two times are regarded as the same type of fault, and if the absolute value of rho is smaller than or equal to 0.7, the faults in the front and back two times are regarded as different types of faults;
when the absolute value of rho is larger than 0.7, the content of each subharmonic is taken and compared; if the change rate of the content rate of a certain harmonic is more than or equal to 20%, the correlation between the certain harmonic and the fault is considered to be 1; otherwise, the correlation is considered to be 0;
adjusting the content of each subharmonic and comparing the absolute value of rho less than or equal to 0.7; if the change rate of the content rate of a certain harmonic is greater than or equal to 50%, the correlation between the certain harmonic and the fault is considered to be 1; otherwise, the correlation is considered to be 0;
(5c) if the harmonic distortion rate reaches the recording data of the fault starting threshold, the front and back 2 times are recording data, if the absolute value of rho is larger than 0.3, the front and back two times of faults are regarded as the same type of fault, and if the absolute value of rho is smaller than or equal to 0.3, the front and back two times of faults are regarded as different types of faults;
when the absolute value of rho is larger than 0.3, the content of each harmonic wave is called and compared; if the change rate of the content rate of a certain harmonic is more than or equal to 20%, the correlation between the certain harmonic and the fault is considered to be 1; otherwise, the correlation is considered to be 0;
adjusting the content of each subharmonic and comparing the absolute value of rho less than or equal to 0.3; if the change rate of the content rate of a certain harmonic is greater than or equal to 50%, the correlation between the certain harmonic and the fault is considered to be 1; otherwise, the correlation is considered to be 0;
(5d) if the front and back 2 times are not the same type fault starting threshold, if the absolute value of rho is larger than 0.5, the front and back two times of faults are regarded as the same type of fault, and if the absolute value of rho is smaller than or equal to 0.5, the front and back two times of faults are regarded as different types of faults;
when the absolute value of rho is larger than 0.5, the content of each harmonic wave is called and compared; if the change rate of the content rate of a certain harmonic is more than or equal to 20%, the correlation between the certain harmonic and the fault is considered to be 1; otherwise, the correlation is considered to be 0;
adjusting the content of each subharmonic and comparing the absolute value of rho less than or equal to 0.3; if the change rate of the content rate of a certain harmonic is greater than or equal to 50%, the correlation between the certain harmonic and the fault is considered to be 1; otherwise, the correlation is considered to be 0;
(5e) and accumulating the times of the correlation of each harmonic being 1, and if the correlation of a certain harmonic is more than 10% of the total accumulated times of each harmonic, determining that the harmonic is closely related to the cable fault.
In conclusion, the invention collects the harmonic signals formed by the insulation defect discharge phenomenon of the cable line, captures and analyzes the harmonic characteristics of the electric quantity of the distribution cable, and evaluates and pre-warns the cable state by comparing and comparing the typical data before the line or in the historical record, thereby being capable of finding latent faults at early stage and reducing the power failure loss caused by the faults.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a monitoring system of distribution cable harmonic abnormal motion which characterized in that: the monitoring system comprises a high-precision current transformer, a voltage transformer, a distribution cable distributed monitoring device and a background analysis server; the distribution cable distributed monitoring device comprises an analog quantity sensing conditioning module, a high-frequency sampling module, a communication module, a core processing unit, a power supply module and a shell; the output ends of the high-precision current transformer and the voltage transformer are connected to the input end of the analog quantity sensing conditioning module; the output end of the analog quantity sensing conditioning module is connected with the input end of the high-frequency sampling module; the output end of the high-frequency sampling module is connected with the input end of the core processing unit; the core processing unit is communicated with the background analysis server through the communication module; the core processing unit is integrated with a microprocessor chip with a power distribution cable harmonic abnormal motion early warning algorithm.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the method comprises the following steps in sequence:
(1) high-precision current transformers and voltage transformers sample three-phase voltage, three-phase current, zero-sequence voltage and zero-sequence current of the cable to be tested at high frequency;
(2) the core processing unit calculates effective value voltage, phase current, zero sequence voltage and zero sequence current and sets a fault starting threshold;
(3) taking 5 cycles as a time window, and calculating and recording the harmonic content and the total harmonic distortion rate by a core processing unit;
(4) if only one of the voltage and the current, the total harmonic distortion rate and the harmonic content reaches a fault starting threshold, storing 100 cycles before starting to 5 cycles after recovery, and calling recording data of the last starting to enter the step (5);
(5) the core processing unit is used for calling recording data during fault and harmonic distortion rate change conditions during two faults, comparing the recording data and the harmonic distortion rate change conditions, and evaluating and early warning the cable state;
(6) and after the core processing unit stores all the data, the harmonic information presenting close correlation is uploaded to a background analysis server, and the background analysis server provides early warning.
3. The warning method according to claim 2, wherein: the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps: within a power frequency period, the true effective value U of phase voltageTThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
comparing the voltage amplitude of each cycle with a fault starting threshold by taking the cycle as a unit;
the fault starting threshold of the phase voltage phase current is 2 times of the true effective value; calculating zero sequence current and zero sequence voltage by using 3 half-wave or 30ms sampling point data;
after the fault is started, determining a fault starting point: comparing instantaneous values of the voltage in sequence from the previous cycle of fault starting, and determining a first instantaneous value amplitude, namely a point at which the absolute value of the instantaneous value is greater than 1.4 times of a fault starting threshold as a fault starting point; when the voltage of 2 continuous cycles or more exceeds a fault starting threshold, confirming the voltage as a ground fault, otherwise, considering the voltage as disturbance; the end of disturbance is the second cycle after the fault is started; that is, if the voltage exceeds the fault start threshold again from the third cycle, a new fault is considered.
4. The warning method according to claim 2, wherein: the step (3) specifically comprises the following steps: setting the harmonic content rate HR and the total harmonic distortion rate THD to be 2-order to 63-order harmonics; if the total harmonic distortion rate is more than 4%, the odd order is more than 3.2%, and the even order is more than 1.6%, one of the three is satisfied, then starting to record and store data.
5. The warning method according to claim 2, wherein: the step (5) specifically comprises the following steps:
(5a) calling current data for similarity calculation, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein ρ is a value between-1 and + 1;
(5b) if the voltage and current reach the recording data of the fault starting threshold in the front and back 2 times, if the absolute value of rho is larger than 0.7, the faults in the front and back two times are regarded as the same type of fault, and if the absolute value of rho is smaller than or equal to 0.7, the faults in the front and back two times are regarded as different types of faults;
when the absolute value of rho is larger than 0.7, the content of each subharmonic is taken and compared; if the change rate of the content rate of a certain harmonic is more than or equal to 20%, the correlation between the certain harmonic and the fault is considered to be 1; otherwise, the correlation is considered to be 0;
adjusting the content of each subharmonic and comparing the absolute value of rho less than or equal to 0.7; if the change rate of the content rate of a certain harmonic is greater than or equal to 50%, the correlation between the certain harmonic and the fault is considered to be 1; otherwise, the correlation is considered to be 0;
(5c) if the harmonic distortion rate reaches the recording data of the fault starting threshold, the front and back 2 times are recording data, if the absolute value of rho is larger than 0.3, the front and back two times of faults are regarded as the same type of fault, and if the absolute value of rho is smaller than or equal to 0.3, the front and back two times of faults are regarded as different types of faults;
when the absolute value of rho is larger than 0.3, the content of each harmonic wave is called and compared; if the change rate of the content rate of a certain harmonic is more than or equal to 20%, the correlation between the certain harmonic and the fault is considered to be 1; otherwise, the correlation is considered to be 0;
adjusting the content of each subharmonic and comparing the absolute value of rho less than or equal to 0.3; if the change rate of the content rate of a certain harmonic is greater than or equal to 50%, the correlation between the certain harmonic and the fault is considered to be 1; otherwise, the correlation is considered to be 0;
(5d) if the front and back 2 times are not the same type fault starting threshold, if the absolute value of rho is larger than 0.5, the front and back two times of faults are regarded as the same type of fault, and if the absolute value of rho is smaller than or equal to 0.5, the front and back two times of faults are regarded as different types of faults;
when the absolute value of rho is larger than 0.5, the content of each harmonic wave is called and compared; if the change rate of the content rate of a certain harmonic is more than or equal to 20%, the correlation between the certain harmonic and the fault is considered to be 1; otherwise, the correlation is considered to be 0;
adjusting the content of each subharmonic and comparing the absolute value of rho less than or equal to 0.3; if the change rate of the content rate of a certain harmonic is greater than or equal to 50%, the correlation between the certain harmonic and the fault is considered to be 1; otherwise, the correlation is considered to be 0;
(5e) and accumulating the times of the correlation of each harmonic being 1, and if the correlation of a certain harmonic is more than 10% of the total accumulated times of each harmonic, determining that the harmonic is closely related to the cable fault.
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