CN113884620B - Back pressure control device, system and application for oil reservoir physical model experiment - Google Patents
Back pressure control device, system and application for oil reservoir physical model experiment Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005206 flow analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 95
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010796 Steam-assisted gravity drainage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010206 sensitivity analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/00584—Control arrangements for automatic analysers
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Abstract
The invention provides a back pressure control device, a back pressure control system and application for an oil reservoir physical model experiment. The device comprises a first pressure measuring device, a gas supply pressure regulating circuit and a pressure buffering circuit; each pressure buffer circuit comprises a first self-control valve, a first pressure container, a second self-control valve and a pressure buffer unit which are sequentially connected; the pressure buffer unit comprises a second pressure container and a third self-control valve which are sequentially connected through a pipeline, a temperature measuring device is arranged on the second pressure container, and the second self-control valve is connected with the second pressure container through a pipeline; a second pressure measuring device is arranged between the first pressure container and the second automatic control valve, and a third pressure measuring device is arranged between the second pressure container and the third automatic control valve; the air supply pressure regulating line comprises an air supply device, a pressure regulating valve and a one-way valve; the first pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline for connecting the first self-control valve and the oil reservoir physical model; the check valve of the air supply pressure regulating circuit is respectively connected with the first pressure container of the pressure buffer circuit through pipelines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil reservoir development, in particular to a back pressure control device, a back pressure control system and application for oil reservoir physical model experiments.
Background
In the conventional thick oil steam injection SAGD exploitation physical simulation experiment, in order to control the production pressure, the process of underground sucker rod pumping and oil nozzle scaling is generally simulated, and the pressure of a steam cavity is controlled by adopting a manual output valve or a high Wen Beiya valve. The former operation mode relies on experience, and the operation labor intensity of repeatedly adjusting the opening degree of the needle valve is high, the reliability is poor, and especially when the experiment time exceeds 24 hours, the risk of experimental failure caused by human factors is extremely high. While the high Wen Beiya valve is suitable for low-viscosity and single-phase fluid, has poor control effect on produced fluid (high-viscosity and multiphase fluid) in thick oil steam injection SAGD exploitation physical simulation experiments, when complex multiphase fluid of oil, water and gas flows through a small orifice formed by a needle valve, pressure fluctuation of up to several hundred KPa and even pipeline blockage are generally observed. These conventional methods described above all lead to low reproducibility of the experiment, which is extremely disadvantageous for sensitivity analysis studies of various factors. Because the flow rate and the temperature fluctuation of the produced liquid in the experiment are large, the enthalpy change range is wide, when the back pressure control is unstable, if the sudden pressure drop is caused, the hot water can flash rapidly, and when the pressure is too high, the produced liquid cannot be produced through the back pressure control device effectively, the temperature of the produced liquid is too low, the viscosity of crude oil is greatly increased, and the pipeline is blocked. Both of the above extreme conditions caused by the back pressure fluctuations may force the experiment to terminate.
It can be seen that the current thickened oil thermal recovery test has the following difficulties: (1) The produced fluid in the thick oil thermal recovery experiment is a multiphase complex mixture of thick oil, water and gas, and is sensitive to pressure fluctuation; (2) When the complex multiphase fluid of oil-water-gas passes through the orifice, the fluctuation range of the formed flow resistance is large, and the back pressure valve can not provide stable back pressure; (3) The traditional manual adjustment method has poor repeatability and reliability
In view of this, the present inventors have devised a back pressure control device and method for thickened oil thermal recovery experiments through trial and error based on production design experience in the field and related fields for many years, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a back pressure control device for oil reservoir physical model experiments; the accuracy of the experiment can be greatly improved;
another object of the invention is to provide a reservoir physical model system;
the invention further aims to provide a pressure control method in the oil reservoir physical model simulated exploitation experiment;
the invention further aims at providing an oil reservoir physical model simulated exploitation experimental method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, in one aspect, the invention provides a back pressure control device for oil reservoir physical model experiments, wherein the device comprises a first pressure measuring device, an air supply pressure regulating circuit and at least one pressure buffering circuit;
Each pressure buffer circuit comprises a first self-control valve, a first pressure container, a second self-control valve and at least one group of pressure buffer units which are sequentially connected by pipelines; the pressure buffer unit comprises a second pressure container and a third self-control valve which are sequentially connected through a pipeline, a temperature measuring device is arranged on the second pressure container, and the second self-control valve is connected with the second pressure container of the pressure buffer unit connected with the second self-control valve through the pipeline; a second pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline between the first pressure container and the second self-control valve, and a third pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline between the second pressure container and the third self-control valve;
the air supply pressure regulating line comprises an air supply device, a pressure regulating valve and a one-way valve which are sequentially connected through pipelines;
the first pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline connected with the first self-control valve of the pressure buffer circuit and the oil reservoir physical model; the check valve of the air supply pressure regulating circuit is respectively connected with the first pressure container of each pressure buffer circuit through a pipeline.
The invention adopts a two-section structure, the front section container has small volume, the pressure is controlled by gas, and the rear section container has large volume. The self-control valve operates logically to ensure that the operating pressure is within a reasonable range.
It will be appreciated therein that the one-way valve is arranged such that gas is supplied from the gas supply to the pressure buffer circuit.
The reservoir model of the present invention is a laboratory model conventionally used in the art for simulating reservoir recovery (particularly heavy oil recovery), and any of the reservoir models commonly used in the art may be used in the present invention.
The reservoir phantom may simulate fluids in a subsurface injection and production process, such as a mixture of one or more of oil, water, steam, non-condensable gases, and the like.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the reservoir is a thick oil reservoir.
According to some embodiments of the invention, when the device comprises more than one pressure buffer line, the pipeline connected with the first self-control valve of each pressure buffer line is converged at a first convergence point and then connected with the reservoir object model, and the first pressure measuring device is arranged on the first convergence point.
It is understood that when the pressure buffer unit is one, the second self-control valve is connected with the second pressure container through a pipeline, and the second pressure container is connected with the third self-control valve through a pipeline; when the pressure buffer unit is more than one, the second self-control valve is connected with the second pressure container of the adjacent pressure buffer unit through a pipeline, and the third self-control valve of the pressure buffer unit is connected with the second pressure container of the next pressure buffer unit through a pipeline in sequence.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the pressure buffer unit of each pressure buffer line is one.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the gas supply pressure regulating circuit further comprises a first gas flow meter disposed on the line between the gas supply and the pressure regulating valve.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first gas flow meter is a gas mass flow meter.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the device comprises two pressure buffer circuits, each pressure buffer circuit having a set of pressure buffer units; each pressure buffer circuit comprises a first self-control valve, a first pressure container, a second self-control valve, a second pressure container and a third self-control valve which are sequentially connected by pipelines; a temperature measuring device is arranged on the second pressure container; the pipeline between the first pressure container and the second self-control valve is provided with a second pressure measuring device, and the pipeline between the second pressure container and the third self-control valve is provided with a third pressure measuring device.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the device further comprises a control device, and the control device is electrically connected with the respective control valve, the respective pressure measuring device and the temperature measuring device.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the second pressure vessel volume of the same pressure buffer line is 2-10 times the first pressure vessel volume.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the second pressure vessel volume of the same pressure buffer line is 5 times the first pressure vessel volume.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first pressure vessel and the second pressure vessel are temperature controlled vessels.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first, second and third pressure measuring devices are pressure sensors.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the temperature measuring device is a thermocouple.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first and second self-controlled valves are self-controlled ball valves; the third self-control valve is a self-control needle valve.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a fourth pressure measuring device is further provided in the line between the non-return valve and the pressure regulating valve.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the fourth pressure measuring device is a pressure gauge.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the gas supply device is a gas supply device for supplying inert gas.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the gas supply device is a nitrogen cylinder.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first pressure vessel and the second pressure vessel are each independent pressure vessels with a temperature regulating device.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first pressure vessel and the second pressure vessel are pressure-resistant vessels.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the withstand pressure of the first pressure vessel and the second pressure vessel is not less than 7Mpa.
According to some embodiments of the invention, wherein the temperature regulating device is a temperature regulating jacket.
On the other hand, the invention also provides an oil reservoir physical model system, wherein the system comprises an oil reservoir physical model (oil reservoir simulation model), the back pressure control device and a gas analysis unit, wherein the back pressure control device is connected with the oil reservoir physical model and the gas analysis unit through pipelines respectively.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the reservoir is a heavy oil reservoir.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the gas analysis unit comprises a gas separation device connected with the back pressure control device through a pipeline, and a gas outlet of the gas separation device is connected with a second gas flowmeter of the flow analysis branch and a gas chromatograph of the component analysis branch through pipelines respectively.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the system comprises a reservoir model, a back pressure control device according to the invention, and a gas analysis unit;
the back pressure control device comprises two pressure buffer circuits, and the pressure buffer units of each pressure buffer circuit are in a group; each pressure buffer circuit comprises a first self-control valve, a first pressure container, a second self-control valve, a second pressure container and a third self-control valve which are sequentially connected by pipelines; a temperature measuring device is arranged on the second pressure container; a second pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline between the first pressure container and the second self-control valve, and a third pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline between the second pressure container and the third self-control valve;
the two gas separation devices are respectively connected with a third automatic control valve of the back pressure control device of the two pressure buffer circuits through pipelines.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a filter device and a dryer device are arranged on the flow analysis branch and between the gas separation device and the second gas flow meter.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a fourth self-controlled valve is provided on the line at the gas outlet of the gas separation device.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a fifth self-controlled valve is provided on the line of the component analysis branch between the gas chromatograph and the gas separation device.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, the number of the gas separation devices is two, and the gas separation devices are respectively connected with third self-control valves of the back pressure control devices of the two pressure buffer lines through pipelines; the two gas separation devices are connected through a pipeline, two fourth self-control valves are arranged on the pipeline between the gas separation devices, and the pipeline between the two fourth self-control valves is connected with the flow analysis branch and the component analysis branch through the pipeline respectively.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the flow analysis branch and the component analysis branch are collected at a second collection point, and the second collection point is connected to the two fourth self-control valves through the pipeline.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the filter and dryer are disposed between the second collection point and a second gas flow meter.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the fifth self-regulating valve is disposed between the second collection point and the gas chromatograph.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the fourth self-control valve is a self-control ball valve.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the fifth self-controlled valve is a self-controlled ball valve.
In still another aspect, the invention further provides a pressure control method in an oil reservoir physical model simulated exploitation experiment, wherein the method comprises the step of controlling the pressure in the experiment process by using the back pressure control device.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the reservoir is a heavy oil reservoir.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method comprises the steps of:
1) Injecting fluid produced in the reservoir physical model into a pressure buffer circuit through a first pressure measuring device; meanwhile, the air supply pressure regulating circuit with preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve is used for supplying air to the pressure buffering circuit for regulating the pressure;
2) When the pressure measured by the first pressure measuring device reaches the preset pressure of the exploitation experiment, a first self-control valve of a pressure buffer circuit is opened, and fluid enters a first pressure container;
3) When the pressure measured by the second pressure measuring device of the pressure buffer circuit reaches the preset pressure of the exploitation experiment, a second self-control valve of the pressure buffer circuit is opened, and fluid enters a second pressure container of the pressure buffer circuit; when the pressure measured by the second pressure measuring device reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, closing the second self-control valve; controlling the internal pressure of the oil reservoir physical model to fluctuate between the exploitation experiment preset pressure and the pressure regulating valve preset pressure by controlling the opening and closing of the second self-control valve;
4) When the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device of the pressure buffer circuit reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, the first self-control valve and the second self-control valve of the pressure buffer circuit are closed, and the pressure control flow of the pressure buffer circuit finishes one round; when the temperature of the fluid in the second pressure container is lower than 90 ℃, the fluid in the second pressure container in the pressure buffer circuit is discharged, and the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device is close to the atmospheric pressure, and the next round of pressure control flow is carried out.
It will be appreciated that the near atmospheric pressure described herein may be the same as the atmospheric pressure, or may be the difference between acceptable in the art and atmospheric pressure (0-100 Pa).
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method comprises controlling the pressure during the experiment using the back pressure control device according to the invention; step 4) of the method comprises: when the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device of the first pressure buffer circuit reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, closing the first self-control valve and the second self-control valve of the first pressure buffer circuit, and opening the first self-control valve of the second pressure buffer circuit to open the pressure control flow of the second pressure buffer circuit; when the fluid of the second pressure container in the first pressure buffer circuit is discharged and the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device is close to the atmospheric pressure, and the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device of the second pressure buffer circuit reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, the first self-control valve and the second self-control valve of the second pressure buffer circuit are closed, the first self-control valve of the first pressure buffer circuit is opened, so that the pressure control flow of the first pressure buffer circuit is restarted, and the fluid of the second pressure container in the second pressure buffer circuit is discharged; the two pressure buffer circuits alternately perform a pressure control flow until the experiment is finished;
The back pressure control device comprises two pressure buffer circuits, wherein the pressure buffer circuit of each pressure buffer circuit is one; each pressure buffer circuit comprises a first self-control valve, a first pressure container, a second self-control valve, a second pressure container and a third self-control valve which are sequentially connected by pipelines; a temperature measuring device is arranged on the second pressure container; the pipeline between the first pressure container and the second self-control valve is provided with a second pressure measuring device, and the pipeline between the second pressure container and the third self-control valve is provided with a third pressure measuring device.
According to some embodiments of the invention, when 2/3 of the volume of the second pressure vessel in one pressure buffer line is occupied by fluid, the one pressure buffer line is closed and switched to the other pressure buffer line for pressure control.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the pressure regulating valve is preset to be 0-2.5% less than the exploitation experiment preset pressure.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the pressure regulating valve preset pressure is 20KPa less than the mining experiment preset pressure.
In still another aspect, the invention further provides a method for simulating and exploiting an oil reservoir physical model, wherein the method comprises the step of conducting experiments by using the oil reservoir physical model system according to any one of the invention.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method comprises the steps of:
1) Injecting fluid produced in the reservoir physical model into a pressure buffer circuit through a first pressure measuring device; meanwhile, the air supply pressure regulating circuit with preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve is used for supplying air to the pressure buffering circuit for regulating the pressure;
2) When the pressure measured by the first pressure measuring device reaches the preset pressure of the exploitation experiment, a first self-control valve of a pressure buffer circuit is opened, and fluid enters a first pressure container;
3) When the pressure measured by the second pressure measuring device of the pressure buffer circuit reaches the preset pressure of the exploitation experiment, a second self-control valve of the pressure buffer circuit is opened, and fluid enters a second pressure container of the pressure buffer circuit; when the pressure measured by the second pressure measuring device reaches 99.8-100% of the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, closing the second self-control valve; controlling the internal pressure of the oil reservoir physical model to fluctuate between the exploitation experiment preset pressure and the pressure regulating valve preset pressure by controlling the opening and closing of the second self-control valve;
4) When the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device of the pressure buffer circuit reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, the first self-control valve and the second self-control valve of the pressure buffer circuit are closed, and the pressure control flow of the pressure buffer circuit finishes one round; discharging the fluid of the second pressure container in the pressure buffer circuit and performing the pressure control flow of the next round when the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device is close to the atmospheric pressure;
5) Discharging the fluid of the second pressure vessel in the pressure buffer line of step 4) to a gas analysis unit for analysis of the gas in the fluid.
According to some embodiments of the invention, wherein the method comprises performing an experiment using the system according to the invention, step 4) comprises: when the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device of the first pressure buffer circuit reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, closing the first self-control valve and the second self-control valve of the first pressure buffer circuit, and opening the first self-control valve of the second pressure buffer circuit to open the pressure control flow of the second pressure buffer circuit; when the fluid of the second pressure container in the first pressure buffer circuit is discharged and the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device is close to the atmospheric pressure, and the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device of the second pressure buffer circuit reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, the first self-control valve and the second self-control valve of the second pressure buffer circuit are closed, the first self-control valve of the first pressure buffer circuit is opened, so that the pressure control flow of the first pressure buffer circuit is restarted, and the fluid of the second pressure container in the second pressure buffer circuit is discharged; the two pressure buffer circuits alternately perform a pressure control flow until the experiment is finished;
The system comprises an oil reservoir physical model, the back pressure control device and a gas analysis unit; the two gas separation devices are respectively connected with a third automatic control valve of the back pressure control device through pipelines;
the back pressure control device comprises two pressure buffer circuits, and the pressure buffer units of each pressure buffer circuit are in a group; each pressure buffer circuit comprises a first self-control valve, a first pressure container, a second self-control valve, a second pressure container and a third self-control valve which are sequentially connected by pipelines; a temperature measuring device is arranged on the second pressure container; the pipeline between the first pressure container and the second self-control valve is provided with a second pressure measuring device, and the pipeline between the second pressure container and the third self-control valve is provided with a third pressure measuring device.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the gas supply pressure regulating line further comprises a first gas flow meter disposed in the line between the gas supply device and the pressure regulating valve, and step 5) comprises opening a third self-controlled valve to discharge the fluid from the second pressure vessel to the gas separation device after the temperature of the fluid in the second pressure vessel falls below 100 ℃, and measuring the gas yield and the gas production rate, and the gas composition, respectively, of the separated gas.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the first pressure vessel and the second pressure vessel are each independently set to 60-80 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the fluid produced from the reservoir die (high temperature fluid) generally comprises a mixture of oil, water, steam, non-condensable gases, and the like.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method comprises measuring the composition of the separated gas with a gas chromatograph at predetermined time intervals.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the length of the time interval is the same as the time each pressure buffer line is operated.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises the step of checking the system prior to the experiment to ensure that the system is working properly.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method comprises:
1. preparation of
(a) Opening control software, testing command response conditions of all the self-control valves, closing all the self-control valves, and detecting feedback states of the self-control valves; after all are normal, entering a feedback automatic control flow;
(b) Before the experiment, all valves of the flow are ensured to be closed; a pressure regulating valve is preset, and the pressure is set at the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve (20 KPa below the preset pressure of the exploitation experiment); opening a gas supply device (nitrogen bottle), and pre-filling inert gas (nitrogen) into all pressure containers;
(c) All pressure measuring devices (pressure sensors) are calibrated and output stable readings;
(d) All temperature measuring devices (thermocouples) are calibrated and output stable readings;
(e) Calibrating all the gas flow meters, and testing a real-time data acquisition function;
(f) The external constant temperature jackets of all pressure vessels reach a stable preset temperature (typically 60-80 ℃);
(g) The gas chromatograph is calibrated by standard gas in advance;
(h) The fume hood is opened for exhausting air;
2. pressure control
(a) Opening a control device, checking the pressure P1 of the first pressure measuring device, and when the pressure P1 rises to the preset pressure of the exploitation experiment, starting to execute the action control of the self-control valve, wherein the pressure buffer circuits are two in parallel, taking a first pressure buffer circuit as an example, opening the first self-control valve of the first pressure buffer circuit, and generating fluid to enter a first pressure container for preliminary heat exchange;
(b) When the pressure P2 of the second pressure measuring device rises to the preset pressure of the exploitation experiment, automatically opening a second self-control valve, and discharging fluid to a second pressure container; when the P2 reading is close to the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, the second self-control valve is automatically closed; the liquid filling process is consistent with the opening and closing of the second automatic control valve, and the fluctuation of the internal pressure of the oil reservoir physical model between the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve and the preset pressure of the exploitation experiment is maintained;
(c) When the pressure P3 of the third pressure measuring device of the first pressure buffer circuit rises to the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, the first self-control valve and the second self-control valve of the first pressure buffer circuit are closed, the first self-control valve of the second pressure buffer circuit is opened, and the liquid production control flow of the second pressure buffer circuit is started; the control logic and process of the second pressure buffer circuit are consistent with those of the first pressure buffer circuit;
(d) Selecting to switch to another pressure buffer circuit when the produced fluid amount is close to 2/3 of the volume of the second pressure vessel according to the designed produced fluid rate;
3. collecting produced fluid
(a) The temperature of the fluid entering the second pressure container of the first pressure buffer circuit is reduced, and the temperature inside the second pressure container is detected by a temperature measuring device (thermocouple);
(b) When the temperature measuring device displays that the temperature is reduced to be below 100 ℃, opening a third automatic control valve, controlling the opening of the third automatic control valve, slowly producing fluid, and simultaneously opening a fourth automatic control valve;
(c) The gas-liquid mixture enters the separation device and then undergoes gas-liquid separation, liquid phases such as oil-water and the like are left in the separation device, and separated gas phase products sequentially pass through a fourth self-control valve, a filtering device, a drying device and a second gas flowmeter and are finally discharged, and the phase output and the gas output rate of gas can be obtained through the gas flowmeter;
(d) The fifth automatic control valve is opened according to the program set time interval, and the gas passes through the gas chromatograph, so that the composition information of the components of the gas produced in real time can be obtained;
(e) When the pressure P3 of the third pressure measuring device is close to the atmospheric pressure, the third automatic control valve and the fourth automatic control valve are closed, and the pressure control, the fluid output analysis and the fluid output measurement of the first pressure buffer circuit are completed; restarting the flow of the first pressure buffer circuit when the pressure P5 of the third pressure measuring device of the second pressure buffer circuit is close to the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve;
(f) Repeating the steps 2-3;
4. after the experiment is finished, all the first self-control valves are closed, all the second self-control valves, the third self-control valves and the third self-control valves are opened, and the pressure vessel and the pipeline are repeatedly purged by inert gas.
The embodiments of the invention may be combined with each other without contradiction.
In summary, the invention provides a back pressure control device, a back pressure control system and application for an oil reservoir physical model experiment.
The scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The back pressure is formed by gas pressurization, so that pressure fluctuation and even blockage generated by oil-water separation when multiphase fluid flows through a back pressure valve in the conventional method are avoided;
(2) The sectional output structure avoids frequent switching and increases the manual strength;
(3) The flow is simple; the operation is flexible; automatic control is realized, and different pressure control experimental schemes are realized;
(4) The device has stronger capability of coping with unexpected situations;
(5) The response to pressure fluctuation is fast; the pressure fluctuation amplitude is low; the pressure control precision is high; the repeatability is high;
(6) Avoiding the emulsification of high-temperature oil and water vapor when passing through the throttling device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a back pressure control device and a reservoir physical model system in a reservoir physical model experiment according to embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between pressure and experimental time during the experiment in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cumulative gas produced volume histogram of example 3;
FIG. 4 is a graph of produced gas versus time for example 3;
the numbering in fig. 1 is as follows:
1. the first pressure measuring device 2 is provided with a gas supply pressure regulating circuit 3 and a pressure buffering circuit 3
4. First self-control valve of back pressure control device 31, 31' of oil reservoir physical model 5
6. The gas analysis unit 7 controls the devices 32, 32' first pressure vessel
21. Second self-control valve of first gas flowmeter 33, 33' of gas supply device 22
23. Second pressure vessel with check valve 34, 34' of pressure regulating valve 24
25. Third self-controlled valve of first collection point 35, 35' of fourth pressure measuring device 39
62. Flow analysis branch 63 component analysis branch 36, 36' temperature measuring device
65. Second collection point 621 filtration apparatus 37, 37' second pressure measuring apparatus
622. Third pressure measuring device of second gas flowmeter 38, 38' of drying device 623
631. Fifth self-control valve 61, 61' gas separation device of gas chromatograph 632
64. 64' fourth self-controlled valve.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention and the advantages achieved by the embodiments are intended to assist the reader in better understanding the nature and characteristics of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a back pressure control device in an oil reservoir physical model experiment, where the back pressure control device includes a first pressure measuring device 1 (pressure sensor), an air supply pressure regulating line 2, and two pressure buffer lines 3 and 3';
Each pressure buffer circuit comprises a first self-control valve 31 and 31' (self-control ball valve), a first pressure container 32 and 32' with a temperature-adjusting jacket, a second self-control valve 33 and 33' (self-control ball valve), a second pressure container 34 and 34' with a temperature-adjusting jacket and a third self-control valve 35 and 35' (self-control needle valve) which are sequentially connected by pipelines, wherein the second pressure containers 34 and 34' are respectively provided with a temperature measuring device 36 and 36' (thermocouple); second pressure measuring devices 37 and 37 '(pressure sensors) are respectively arranged on the pipeline between the first pressure container 32 and the second self-control valve 33 and the pipeline between the first pressure container 32' and the second self-control valve 33', and third pressure measuring devices 38 and 38' (pressure sensors) are respectively arranged on the pipeline between the second pressure container 34 and the third self-control valve 35 and the pipeline between the second pressure container 34 'and the third self-control valve 35';
the gas supply pressure regulating line 2 includes a gas supply device 21 (nitrogen gas cylinder), a first gas flow meter 22 (gas mass flow meter), a pressure regulating valve 23, and a check valve 24 for allowing gas to be supplied from the gas supply device to a first pressure container 32, which are sequentially connected through a pipe, and a fourth pressure measuring device 25 (pressure gauge) is further provided on the pipe between the check valve and the pressure regulating valve;
The check valve 23 is connected with two first pressure containers 32 through pipelines respectively; the lines leading from the two first self-control valves 31 merge into a first collection point 39, which is then connected to the reservoir module 4, on which the first pressure measuring device 1 is arranged.
The respective self-controlled valves, the respective pressure measuring devices and the temperature measuring devices are electrically connected to the control device 7, respectively (connection lines for the electrical connection are not shown in fig. 1).
The second pressure vessel volume of the same pressure buffer line is 5 times the first pressure vessel volume.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a reservoir physical model system, wherein the system includes a reservoir physical model 4, a back pressure control device 5 described in embodiment 1, and a gas analysis unit 6, and the back pressure control device 5 is connected to the reservoir physical model 4 and the gas analysis unit 6 through pipelines, respectively.
The gas analysis unit 6 comprises two gas separation devices 61 and 61' (separation bottles), a flow analysis branch 62 and a component analysis branch 63; the two gas separation devices 61 are respectively connected with the third self-control valves 35 of the two pressure buffer lines 3 through pipelines; the two gas separation devices 61 are connected through a pipeline, and two fourth self-control valves 64 and 64' are arranged on the pipeline between the gas separation devices 61; the lines of the flow analysis branch 62 and the component analysis branch 63 are collected at a second collection point 65, and the second collection point is connected to the lines of the two fourth self-controlled valves 64 and 64'.
The flow analysis branch 62 includes a filtering device 621, a drying device 622 and a second gas flow meter 623 (gas mass flow meter) sequentially connected by a pipeline, and the filtering device 621 is connected to the second collection point 65 by a pipeline; the component analysis branch 63 includes a gas chromatograph 631, and a fifth self-controlled valve 632 (self-controlled ball valve) is provided between the gas chromatograph 631 and the second collection point 65.
Example 3
This example provides a high temperature propane injection heavy oil recovery experiment using the reservoir phantom system of example 2, operating at 200 ℃, at 3000KPa, and at an experimental gas injection rate of 50ml/min. The viscosity of the crude oil is 10 ten thousand centipoise at 50 ℃, the sand filling permeability of the model is 120darcy, and the size of the model is 100 multiplied by 10 multiplied by 25cm. And (3) deploying a double horizontal well at the bottom of the model, and simulating an oil extraction process mainly comprising SAGD gravity drainage. The pressure of the preset pressure regulating valve is 2980KPa before the experiment, and the experimental operation pressure is 3000KPa. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1. preparation of
(a) Opening control software, testing the instruction response conditions of all the self-control valves 31, 31', 33', 35', 64' and 632 through the control device 7, and finally closing all the self-control valves to detect the feedback state; after all are normal, entering a feedback automatic control flow;
(b) Before the experiment, all valves of the flow are ensured to be closed; presetting a preset pressure of a pressure regulating valve 22, wherein the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve is set to be 20KPa below a preset pressure of a mining experiment required by the experiment; opening the gas supply device 21 to precharge the first pressure vessels 32 and 32' with nitrogen;
(c) All the pressure measuring devices 1, 37', 38' are calibrated and output stable readings;
(d) All temperature measuring devices 36 and 36' are calibrated and output stable readings;
(e) Calibrating the gas flowmeter 22, 623 and testing the real-time data acquisition function;
(f) The external thermostatic jackets of all the pressure vessels 32, 32', 34' reach a stable preset temperature (60-80 ℃);
(g) The gas chromatograph 631 performs standard gas calibration in advance.
2. Production pressure control
(a) Starting an experiment and producing high-temperature fluid from the oil reservoir physical model 4, wherein for a heavy oil thermal recovery experiment, the general fluid composition is a mixture of oil, water, steam, non-condensed gas and the like;
(b) Opening the control device 7, checking the pressure of the first pressure measuring device 1, namely P1 reading, and starting to execute the action control of the self-control valve when P1 rises to the preset pressure of the exploitation experiment; because the output treatment has two parallel flows, fluid firstly passes through a left pressure buffer circuit, a first self-control valve 31 of the pressure buffer circuit is opened, and the output fluid enters a first pressure container 32 and undergoes primary heat exchange;
(c) When the pressure of the second pressure measuring device 37, namely the reading of P2, rises to the preset pressure of the exploitation experiment, the second self-control valve 33 is automatically opened, and the fluid is discharged to the second pressure container 34; when the P2 reading is close to the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve 23, the second self-control valve 33 is automatically closed; the volume of the second pressure container 34 is 5 times that of the first pressure container 32, and the liquid filling process is consistent with the opening and closing of the second self-control valve 33, and the fluctuation of the internal pressure of the reservoir physical model body between the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve and the preset pressure of the exploitation experiment is maintained;
(d) When the pressure of the third pressure measuring device 38, namely the reading of P3, rises to the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, the first self-control valve 31 and the second self-control valve 33 are closed, meanwhile, the first self-control valve 31' is opened, the right side pressure buffer circuit is opened for liquid production control, and the control logic and the control process are consistent with those of the left side flow;
(e) Selecting, based on the design production fluid rate, to switch to the left side pressure buffer line when 2/3 of the second pressure vessel volume of the right side pressure buffer line is occupied by fluid;
3. collecting produced fluid
(a) The fluid entering the second pressure container 34 is cooled under the action of the temperature-adjusting jacket, and the temperature inside the second pressure container 34 is detected by the temperature measuring device 36;
(b) When the temperature measuring device 36 shows that the temperature drops below 100 ℃, the third automatic control valve 35 is opened, the opening degree of the valve is controlled, fluid is slowly produced, and meanwhile, the fourth automatic control valve 64 is opened;
(c) After the gas-liquid mixture enters the separating device 61, gas-liquid separation occurs, liquid phases such as oil-water and the like are remained in the separating device, and separated gas-phase products sequentially pass through the fourth self-control valve 64, the filtering device 621, the drying device 622 and the second gas flow meter 623, and finally enter a fume hood to be discharged; the phase output and the gas output rate of the gas can be obtained through a gas flowmeter;
(d) The fifth self-control valve 632 is opened at programmed time intervals, and the gas passes through the gas chromatograph 631 to obtain real-time output gas composition information (the results are shown in fig. 3 and 4);
(e) When the third pressure measuring device 38, namely the reading of P3 is close to the atmospheric pressure, the third self-control valve 35 and the fourth self-control valve 64 are closed, and the pressure control, the fluid output analysis and the fluid output measurement of the left flow are completed; when the third pressure measuring device 38' in the right flow path, i.e., the reading of P5, approaches the preset pressure of the regulator valve, the left flow path is re-enabled.
(f) Repeating the steps 2-3;
(g) After the experiment was completed, the first self-controlled valves 31 and 31 'were closed, the second self-controlled valves 33 and 33', the third self-controlled valves 35 and 35', and the fourth self-controlled valves 64 and 64' were opened, and all the pressure vessels and lines were repeatedly purged with the inert gas supplied from the gas supply device.
Analysis of results:
FIG. 2 shows the relationship between pressure and experimental time during the experiment. The pressure difference of about 20KPa is kept between the preset experiment pressure and the actual control pressure, so that the normal operation of the proportional-analogue experiment can be ensured.
Claims (15)
1. The back pressure control device for the reservoir physical model experiment comprises a first pressure measuring device, a gas supply pressure regulating circuit and at least one pressure buffer circuit;
each pressure buffer circuit comprises a first self-control valve, a first pressure container, a second self-control valve and at least one group of pressure buffer units which are sequentially connected by pipelines; the pressure buffer unit comprises a second pressure container and a third self-control valve which are sequentially connected through a pipeline, a temperature measuring device is arranged on the second pressure container, and the second self-control valve is connected with the second pressure container of the pressure buffer unit connected with the second self-control valve through the pipeline; a second pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline between the first pressure container and the second self-control valve, and a third pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline between the second pressure container and the third self-control valve; the device comprises two pressure buffer circuits, wherein the pressure buffer units of each pressure buffer circuit are in a group; each pressure buffer circuit comprises a first self-control valve, a first pressure container, a second self-control valve, a second pressure container and a third self-control valve which are sequentially connected by pipelines; a temperature measuring device is arranged on the second pressure container; a second pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline between the first pressure container and the second self-control valve, and a third pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline between the second pressure container and the third self-control valve;
The air supply pressure regulating line comprises an air supply device, a pressure regulating valve and a one-way valve which are sequentially connected through pipelines;
the first pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline connected with the first self-control valve of the pressure buffer circuit and the oil reservoir physical model; the check valve of the air supply pressure regulating circuit is respectively connected with the first pressure container of each pressure buffer circuit through a pipeline.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the supply air pressure regulating line further comprises a first gas flow meter disposed on the line between the supply air and the pressure regulating valve.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a control device electrically connected to the respective control valve, the respective pressure measuring device, and the temperature measuring device.
4. A device according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the second pressure vessel volume of the same pressure buffer line is 2-10 times the first pressure vessel volume.
5. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first and second pressure vessels are temperature controlled vessels.
6. A reservoir phantom system, wherein the system comprises a reservoir phantom, a back pressure control device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and a gas analysis unit, the back pressure control device being connected to the reservoir phantom and the gas analysis unit, respectively, by means of a pipeline.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the gas analysis unit comprises a gas separation device connected to the back pressure control device via a pipeline, and a gas outlet of the gas separation device is connected to the second gas flowmeter of the flow analysis branch and the gas chromatograph of the component analysis branch via pipelines, respectively.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the number of gas separation devices is two, and the gas separation devices are respectively connected with a third self-control valve of the back pressure control device through pipelines.
9. The system of claim 7, wherein a filter device and a dryer device are disposed on the flow analysis branch and between the gas separation device and the second gas flow meter.
10. A system according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein a fourth self-controlled valve is provided on the line at the gas outlet of the gas separation device.
11. A pressure control method in an oil reservoir physical model simulated exploitation experiment, wherein the method comprises the step of controlling the pressure in the experiment process by using the back pressure control device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and the method comprises the following steps of
1) Injecting fluid produced in the reservoir physical model into a pressure buffer circuit through a first pressure measuring device; meanwhile, the air supply pressure regulating circuit with preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve is used for supplying air to the pressure buffering circuit for regulating the pressure;
2) When the pressure measured by the first pressure measuring device reaches the preset pressure of the exploitation experiment, a first self-control valve of a pressure buffer circuit is opened, and fluid enters a first pressure container;
3) When the pressure measured by the second pressure measuring device of the pressure buffer circuit reaches the preset pressure of the exploitation experiment, a second self-control valve of the pressure buffer circuit is opened, and fluid enters a second pressure container of the pressure buffer circuit; when the pressure measured by the second pressure measuring device reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, closing the second self-control valve; controlling the internal pressure of the oil reservoir physical model to fluctuate between the exploitation experiment preset pressure and the pressure regulating valve preset pressure by controlling the opening and closing of the second self-control valve;
4) When the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device of the pressure buffering circuit reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, the first self-control valve and the second self-control valve of the pressure buffering circuit are closed, and the pressure control flow of the pressure buffering circuit completes one round; when the temperature of the fluid in the second pressure container is lower than 90 ℃, the fluid in the second pressure container in the pressure buffer circuit is discharged, and the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device is close to the atmospheric pressure, and the next round of pressure control flow is carried out.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein step 4) of the method comprises: when the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device of the first pressure buffer circuit reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, closing the first self-control valve and the second self-control valve of the first pressure buffer circuit, and opening the first self-control valve of the second pressure buffer circuit to open the pressure control flow of the second pressure buffer circuit; when the fluid of the second pressure container in the first pressure buffer circuit is discharged and the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device is close to the atmospheric pressure, and the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device of the second pressure buffer circuit reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, the first self-control valve and the second self-control valve of the second pressure buffer circuit are closed, the first self-control valve of the first pressure buffer circuit is opened, so that the pressure control flow of the first pressure buffer circuit is restarted, and the fluid of the second pressure container in the second pressure buffer circuit is discharged; and the two pressure buffer circuits alternately perform a pressure control flow until the experiment is finished.
13. A method of reservoir simulation exploitation experiments, wherein the method comprises performing experiments using the system of any one of claims 6 to 10, the method comprising the steps of:
1) Injecting fluid produced in the reservoir physical model into a pressure buffer circuit through a first pressure measuring device; meanwhile, the air supply pressure regulating circuit with preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve is used for supplying air to the pressure buffering circuit for regulating the pressure;
2) When the pressure measured by the first pressure measuring device reaches the preset pressure of the exploitation experiment, a first self-control valve of a pressure buffer circuit is opened, and fluid enters a first pressure container;
3) When the pressure measured by the second pressure measuring device of the pressure buffer circuit reaches the preset pressure of the exploitation experiment, a second self-control valve of the pressure buffer circuit is opened, and fluid enters a second pressure container of the pressure buffer circuit; when the pressure measured by the second pressure measuring device reaches 99.8-100% of the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, closing the second self-control valve; controlling the internal pressure of the oil reservoir physical model to fluctuate between the exploitation experiment preset pressure and the pressure regulating valve preset pressure by controlling the opening and closing of the second self-control valve;
4) When the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device of the pressure buffer circuit reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, the first self-control valve and the second self-control valve of the pressure buffer circuit are closed, and the pressure control flow of the pressure buffer circuit finishes one round; discharging the fluid of the second pressure container in the pressure buffer circuit and performing the pressure control flow of the next round when the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device is close to the atmospheric pressure;
5) Discharging the fluid of the second pressure vessel in the pressure buffer line of step 4) to a gas analysis unit for analysis of the gas in the fluid.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein step 4) comprises: when the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device of the first pressure buffer circuit reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, closing the first self-control valve and the second self-control valve of the first pressure buffer circuit, and opening the first self-control valve of the second pressure buffer circuit to open the pressure control flow of the second pressure buffer circuit; when the fluid of the second pressure container in the first pressure buffer circuit is discharged and the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device is close to the atmospheric pressure, and the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device of the second pressure buffer circuit reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, the first self-control valve and the second self-control valve of the second pressure buffer circuit are closed, the first self-control valve of the first pressure buffer circuit is opened, so that the pressure control flow of the first pressure buffer circuit is restarted, and the fluid of the second pressure container in the second pressure buffer circuit is discharged; and the two pressure buffer circuits alternately perform a pressure control flow until the experiment is finished.
15. The method of claim 13 or 14, wherein the gas supply pressure regulating line further comprises a first gas flow meter disposed in the line between the gas supply device and the pressure regulating valve, and step 5) comprises opening a third self-controlled valve to vent the fluid from the second pressure vessel to the gas separation device after the temperature of the fluid in the second pressure vessel falls below 100 ℃, and measuring the gas yield and gas production rate, and gas composition, respectively, of the separated gas.
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