CN113884620A - Back pressure control device and system for oil reservoir physical model experiment and application - Google Patents
Back pressure control device and system for oil reservoir physical model experiment and application Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005206 flow analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 92
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010796 Steam-assisted gravity drainage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
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- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
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Abstract
The invention provides a back pressure control device for an oil reservoir physical model experiment, a system and application. The device comprises a first pressure measuring device, an air supply and pressure regulating circuit and a pressure buffering circuit; each pressure buffer circuit comprises a first automatic control valve, a first pressure container, a second automatic control valve and a pressure buffer unit which are connected in sequence; the pressure buffer unit comprises a second pressure container and a third automatic control valve which are sequentially connected through a pipeline, a temperature measuring device is arranged on the second pressure container, and the second automatic control valve is connected with the second pressure container through a pipeline; a second pressure measuring device is arranged between the first pressure container and the second automatic control valve, and a third pressure measuring device is arranged between the second pressure container and the third automatic control valve; the air supply pressure regulating circuit comprises an air supply device, a pressure regulating valve and a one-way valve; the first pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline connecting the first automatic control valve and the oil reservoir object model; the check valves of the air supply pressure regulating circuit are respectively connected with the first pressure containers of the pressure buffering circuit through pipelines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil reservoir development, in particular to a back pressure control device and system for an oil reservoir physical model experiment and application.
Background
In the prior physical simulation experiment for steam injection SAGD production of heavy oil, in order to control the production pressure, the process of underground sucker-rod pumping and oil nozzle scaling is generally simulated, and the pressure of a steam cavity is controlled by manually adjusting a production valve or a high-temperature back pressure valve. The former operation mode depends on experience, the operation labor intensity of repeatedly adjusting the opening of the needle valve is high, the reliability is poor, and especially when the experiment time exceeds 24 hours, the risk of experiment failure caused by human factors is very high. The latter high-temperature back pressure valve is suitable for low-viscosity and single-phase fluids, has poor control effect on output liquid (high-viscosity and multi-phase fluid) in a thickened oil steam injection SAGD exploitation physical simulation experiment, and generally observes pressure fluctuation of hundreds of KPa when oil-water-gas complex multi-phase fluid flows through a small orifice formed by a needle valve, even pipeline blockage. These conventional methods all result in less reproducible experiments and are very disadvantageous for sensitive analysis studies of different factors. Because the flow, the temperature fluctuation of output liquid are big, the enthalpy change range is wide in the experiment, when back pressure control is unstable, if sudden pressure drop, probably lead to hot water flash distillation rapidly, and when pressure was too high, output liquid can not effectively pass through back pressure controlling means and when output, will lead to its temperature to hang down excessively, and crude oil viscosity rises by a wide margin, blocks up the pipeline. Both of the above extremes caused by back pressure fluctuations may force the experiment to terminate.
Therefore, the current heavy oil thermal recovery test has the following difficulties: (1) the produced fluid in the thickened oil thermal recovery experiment is a multi-phase complex mixture of thickened oil, water and gas and is sensitive to pressure fluctuation; (2) when oil-water-gas complex multi-phase fluid passes through the throttling hole, the fluctuation range of the formed flow resistance is large, and the back pressure valve cannot provide stable back pressure; (3) the traditional manual adjusting method has poor repeatability and reliability
In view of the above, the present inventors have designed a back pressure control device and method for heavy oil thermal recovery experiments through repeated experiments according to production design experiences in this field and related fields for many years, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
One object of the present invention is to provide a back pressure control device for reservoir model experiments; the accuracy of the experiment can be greatly improved;
it is another object of the present invention to provide a reservoir model system;
the invention also aims to provide a pressure control method in the reservoir model simulation mining experiment;
the invention further aims to provide an experimental method for simulating exploitation of the oil reservoir model.
In order to achieve the above objects, in one aspect, the present invention provides a back pressure control device for an oil reservoir physical model experiment, wherein the device comprises a first pressure measuring device, an air supply pressure regulating line and at least one pressure buffer line;
each pressure buffer circuit comprises a first automatic control valve, a first pressure container, a second automatic control valve and at least one group of pressure buffer units which are sequentially connected through pipelines; the pressure buffer unit comprises a second pressure container and a third automatic control valve which are sequentially connected through a pipeline, a temperature measuring device is arranged on the second pressure container, and the second automatic control valve is connected with the second pressure container of the pressure buffer unit connected with the second automatic control valve through the pipeline; a second pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline between the first pressure container and the second automatic control valve, and a third pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline between the second pressure container and the third automatic control valve;
the air supply pressure regulating circuit comprises an air supply device, a pressure regulating valve and a one-way valve which are sequentially connected through a pipeline;
the first pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline of the pressure buffer line, which is connected with the first automatic control valve and the oil reservoir object model; the check valve of the air supply pressure regulating line is respectively connected with the first pressure container of each pressure buffer line through a pipeline.
The invention adopts a two-section structure, the volume of the front-section container is small, the pressure is controlled by gas, and the volume of the rear-section container is large. The self-controlled valve operates logically to ensure that the operating pressure is within a reasonable range.
It will be understood that the one-way valve is arranged so that gas is delivered from the gas supply to the pressure buffer line.
The reservoir model of the present invention is a laboratory model conventionally used in the art for simulating reservoir production (particularly heavy oil production), and any one of the reservoir models commonly used in the art may be used in the present invention.
The reservoir model may simulate fluids in an underground injection-production process, such as a mixture of one or more of oil, water, steam, non-condensable gases, and the like.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the reservoir model is a heavy oil model.
According to some embodiments of the invention, when the apparatus comprises more than one pressure buffer line, the lines connected to the respective first self-controlled valves of the respective pressure buffer lines converge at a first collection point, and are then connected to the reservoir model, and the first pressure measuring device is disposed at the first collection point.
It can be understood that, when there is one pressure buffer unit, the second automatic control valve is connected with the second pressure container through a pipeline, and the second pressure container is connected with the third automatic control valve through a pipeline; when the number of the pressure buffer units is more than one, the second automatic control valve is connected with the second pressure container of the adjacent pressure buffer unit through a pipeline, and the third automatic control valve of the pressure buffer unit is connected with the second pressure container of the next pressure buffer unit through a pipeline and sequentially connected in sequence.
According to some embodiments of the invention, there is one pressure buffer unit per pressure buffer circuit.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the supply air pressure regulating circuit further comprises a first gas flow meter disposed in the conduit between the supply air device and the pressure regulating valve.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first gas flow meter is a gas mass flow meter.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the device comprises two pressure buffer circuits, and the pressure buffer units of each pressure buffer circuit are in one group; each pressure buffer circuit comprises a first automatic control valve, a first pressure container, a second automatic control valve, a second pressure container and a third automatic control valve which are sequentially connected through a pipeline; a temperature measuring device is arranged on the second pressure container; a second pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline between the first pressure container and the second automatic control valve, and a third pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline between the second pressure container and the third automatic control valve.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, the apparatus further comprises a control device, and the control device is electrically connected to each control valve, each pressure measuring device and the temperature measuring device.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the volume of the second pressure vessel of the same pressure buffer circuit is 2-10 times the volume of the first pressure vessel.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the second pressure vessel volume of the same pressure buffer circuit is 5 times the first pressure vessel volume.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first pressure vessel and the second pressure vessel are temperature controlled vessels.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first pressure measuring device, the second pressure measuring device and the third pressure measuring device are pressure sensors.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the temperature measuring device is a thermocouple.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first automatic control valve and the second automatic control valve are automatic control ball valves; the third self-control valve is a self-control needle valve.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a fourth pressure measuring device is further disposed on the pipeline between the check valve and the pressure regulating valve.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the fourth pressure measuring device is a pressure gauge.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the gas supply device is a gas supply device for supplying an inert gas.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the gas supply device is a nitrogen cylinder.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, the first pressure vessel and the second pressure vessel are independent pressure vessels with temperature regulating devices.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first pressure vessel and the second pressure vessel are pressure resistant vessels.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first pressure vessel and the second pressure vessel have a pressure resistance of not less than 7 Mpa.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the temperature regulating device is a temperature regulating jacket.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a reservoir model system, wherein the system comprises a reservoir model (reservoir simulation model), the back pressure control device and a gas analysis unit, and the back pressure control device is respectively connected with the reservoir model and the gas analysis unit through pipelines.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the reservoir is a heavy oil reservoir.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the gas analysis unit comprises a gas separation device connected to the back pressure control device through a pipeline, and the gas outlets of the gas separation device are respectively connected to the second gas flow meter of the flow analysis branch and the gas chromatograph of the composition analysis branch through pipelines.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the system comprises a reservoir model, a back pressure control device according to the invention, and a gas analysis unit;
the back pressure control device comprises two pressure buffer circuits, and the pressure buffer units of each pressure buffer circuit form a group; each pressure buffer circuit comprises a first automatic control valve, a first pressure container, a second automatic control valve, a second pressure container and a third automatic control valve which are sequentially connected through a pipeline; a temperature measuring device is arranged on the second pressure container; a second pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline between the first pressure container and the second automatic control valve, and a third pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline between the second pressure container and the third automatic control valve;
and the two gas separation devices are respectively connected with the third automatic control valves of the back pressure control devices of the two pressure buffer circuits through pipelines.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a filtering device and a drying device are disposed in the flow analysis branch between the gas separation device and the second gas flow meter.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a fourth automatic control valve is provided on the pipeline at the gas outlet of the gas separation device.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, a fifth automatic valve is provided in a line of the component analysis branch between the gas chromatograph and the gas separation apparatus.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, two gas separation devices are provided, and are respectively connected to the third automatic control valves of the back pressure control devices of the two pressure buffer circuits through pipelines; the two gas separation devices are connected through a pipeline, two fourth automatic control valves are arranged on the pipeline between the gas separation devices, and the pipeline between the two fourth automatic control valves is connected with the flow analysis branch and the component analysis branch through pipelines respectively.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the pipelines of the flow analysis branch and the component analysis branch are first collected at the second collection point, and then the second collection point is connected to the pipeline between the two fourth automatic control valves.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the filtering means and the drying means are disposed between the second collection point and a second gas flow meter.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the fifth self-controlled valve is positioned between the second collection point and the gas chromatograph.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the fourth automatic control valve is an automatic control ball valve.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the fifth automatic control valve is an automatic control ball valve.
In another aspect, the invention further provides a pressure control method in an oil reservoir model simulation exploitation experiment, wherein the method comprises the step of controlling the pressure in the experiment process by using the back pressure control device.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the reservoir is a heavy oil reservoir.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method comprises the steps of:
1) injecting fluid produced in the oil deposit model into the pressure buffer circuit through the first pressure measuring device; meanwhile, an air supply and pressure regulation line with preset pressure of a pressure regulating valve is used for supplying air and regulating pressure to the pressure buffer line;
2) when the pressure measured by the first pressure measuring device reaches the preset pressure of the mining experiment, a first automatic control valve of a pressure buffer line is opened, and fluid enters a first pressure container;
3) when the pressure measured by the second pressure measuring device of the pressure buffer line reaches the preset pressure of the mining experiment, the second automatic control valve of the pressure buffer line is opened, and fluid enters a second pressure container of the pressure buffer line; when the pressure measured by the second pressure measuring device reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, closing the second automatic control valve; controlling the opening and closing of the second automatic control valve to control the internal pressure of the oil reservoir model to fluctuate between the preset pressure of the mining experiment and the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve;
4) when the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device of the pressure buffer line reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, the first automatic control valve and the second automatic control valve of the pressure buffer line are closed, and the pressure control flow of the pressure buffer line completes one turn; when the temperature of the fluid in the second pressure container is lower than 90 ℃, the fluid in the second pressure container in the pressure buffer line is discharged, and the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device is close to the atmospheric pressure, and then the next pressure control process is carried out.
It is understood that the near atmospheric pressure described herein may be the same as the measured atmospheric pressure or may be a difference (0-100Pa) from atmospheric pressure that is acceptable in the art.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, the method comprises controlling the pressure during the experiment by using the back pressure control device of the present invention; step 4) of the method comprises: when the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device of the first pressure buffer line reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, closing the first automatic control valve and the second automatic control valve of the first pressure buffer line, and opening the first automatic control valve of the second pressure buffer line to open the pressure control flow path of the second pressure buffer line; when the fluid of the second pressure container in the first pressure buffer line is discharged, the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device is close to the atmospheric pressure, and the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device in the second pressure buffer line reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, closing the first automatic control valve and the second automatic control valve of the second pressure buffer line, and opening the first automatic control valve of the first pressure buffer line to restart the pressure control flow path of the first pressure buffer line, and discharging the fluid of the second pressure container in the second pressure buffer line; the two pressure buffer circuits alternately perform a pressure control flow path until the experiment is finished;
the back pressure control device comprises two pressure buffer circuits, and one pressure buffer circuit is arranged in each pressure buffer circuit; each pressure buffer circuit comprises a first automatic control valve, a first pressure container, a second automatic control valve, a second pressure container and a third automatic control valve which are sequentially connected through a pipeline; a temperature measuring device is arranged on the second pressure container; a second pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline between the first pressure container and the second automatic control valve, and a third pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline between the second pressure container and the third automatic control valve.
According to some embodiments of the invention, wherein when 2/3 of the volume of the second pressure vessel in one pressure buffer circuit is occupied by fluid, the one pressure buffer circuit is closed and switched to the other pressure buffer circuit for pressure control.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve is 0-2.5% lower than the preset pressure of the mining experiment.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the pressure regulating valve preset pressure is 20KPa less than the mining experiment preset pressure.
In still another aspect, the invention further provides a reservoir model simulation mining experimental method, wherein the method comprises an experiment performed by using the reservoir model system according to any item of the invention.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method comprises the steps of:
1) injecting fluid produced in the oil deposit model into the pressure buffer circuit through the first pressure measuring device; meanwhile, an air supply and pressure regulation line with preset pressure of a pressure regulating valve is used for supplying air and regulating pressure to the pressure buffer line;
2) when the pressure measured by the first pressure measuring device reaches the preset pressure of the mining experiment, a first automatic control valve of a pressure buffer line is opened, and fluid enters a first pressure container;
3) when the pressure measured by the second pressure measuring device of the pressure buffer line reaches the preset pressure of the mining experiment, the second automatic control valve of the pressure buffer line is opened, and fluid enters a second pressure container of the pressure buffer line; when the pressure measured by the second pressure measuring device reaches 99.8-100% of the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, closing the second automatic control valve; controlling the opening and closing of the second automatic control valve to control the internal pressure of the oil reservoir model to fluctuate between the preset pressure of the mining experiment and the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve;
4) when the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device of the pressure buffer line reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, the first automatic control valve and the second automatic control valve of the pressure buffer line are closed, and the pressure control flow of the pressure buffer line completes one turn; discharging the fluid of the second pressure container in the pressure buffer line, and performing the next pressure control process when the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device is close to the atmospheric pressure;
5) discharging the fluid of the second pressure vessel in the pressure buffer circuit of step 4) to a gas analysis unit for analyzing the gas in the fluid.
According to some embodiments of the invention, wherein the method comprises performing an experiment using the system of the invention, step 4) comprises: when the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device of the first pressure buffer line reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, closing the first automatic control valve and the second automatic control valve of the first pressure buffer line, and opening the first automatic control valve of the second pressure buffer line to open the pressure control flow path of the second pressure buffer line; when the fluid of the second pressure container in the first pressure buffer line is discharged, the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device is close to the atmospheric pressure, and the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device in the second pressure buffer line reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, closing the first automatic control valve and the second automatic control valve of the second pressure buffer line, and opening the first automatic control valve of the first pressure buffer line to restart the pressure control flow path of the first pressure buffer line, and discharging the fluid of the second pressure container in the second pressure buffer line; the two pressure buffer circuits alternately perform a pressure control flow path until the experiment is finished;
the system comprises an oil reservoir model, a back pressure control device and a gas analysis unit; the two gas separation devices are respectively connected with a third automatic control valve of the back pressure control device through a pipeline;
the back pressure control device comprises two pressure buffer circuits, and the pressure buffer units of each pressure buffer circuit form a group; each pressure buffer circuit comprises a first automatic control valve, a first pressure container, a second automatic control valve, a second pressure container and a third automatic control valve which are sequentially connected through a pipeline; a temperature measuring device is arranged on the second pressure container; a second pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline between the first pressure container and the second automatic control valve, and a third pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline between the second pressure container and the third automatic control valve.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the gas supply pressure regulating circuit further comprises a first gas flow meter disposed on the pipeline between the gas supply device and the pressure regulating valve, and step 5) comprises opening a third automatic control valve to discharge the fluid in the second pressure vessel to the gas separation device after the temperature of the fluid in the second pressure vessel is reduced to below 100 ℃, and measuring the gas output and the gas production rate, and the gas components of the separated gas respectively.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the temperatures of the first pressure vessel and the second pressure vessel are each independently set to 60 to 80 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the fluid (high temperature fluid) produced from the reservoir model is generally comprised of a mixture of oil, water, steam, non-condensable gases, and the like.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method comprises measuring the composition of the separated gas at predetermined time intervals using a gas chromatograph.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the length of the time interval is the same as the time during which each pressure buffer circuit is operated.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises the step of checking the system before the experiment to ensure that the system is working properly.
According to some specific embodiments of the invention, the method comprises:
1. preparation of
(a) Opening control software, testing the instruction response conditions of all the automatic control valves, finally closing all the automatic control valves and detecting the feedback states of the automatic control valves; entering a feedback automatic control flow after all the parts are normal;
(b) all valves in the process are ensured to be closed before the experiment; presetting a pressure regulating valve, wherein the pressure is set at the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve (20 KPa below the preset pressure of the mining experiment); opening a gas supply device (a nitrogen gas bottle), and pre-filling inert gas (nitrogen gas) into all pressure containers;
(c) all pressure measuring devices (pressure sensors) are calibrated and output stable readings;
(d) all temperature measuring devices (thermocouples) are calibrated and output stable readings;
(e) calibrating all gas flowmeters and testing the real-time data acquisition function;
(f) the external thermostatic jackets of all the pressure vessels reach a stable preset temperature (generally 60-80 ℃);
(g) the gas chromatograph is calibrated by standard gas in advance;
(h) the fume hood is opened to exhaust air;
2. pressure control
(a) Opening a control device, checking the pressure P1 of a first pressure measuring device, and starting to execute the action control of an automatic control valve when the pressure P1 rises to the preset pressure of an exploitation experiment, wherein two parallel pressure buffer circuits are adopted, the first automatic control valve of the first pressure buffer circuit is opened, and the produced fluid enters a first pressure container and undergoes preliminary heat exchange;
(b) when the pressure P2 of the second pressure measuring device rises to the preset pressure of the mining experiment, the second automatic control valve is automatically opened, and fluid is discharged to the second pressure container; when the reading of P2 is close to the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, the second automatic control valve is automatically closed; the liquid filling process is consistent with the opening and closing of the second automatic control valve, and the fluctuation of the internal pressure of the oil reservoir model between the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve and the preset pressure of an exploitation experiment is maintained;
(c) when the pressure P3 of the third pressure measuring device of the first pressure buffer line rises to the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, closing the first automatic control valve and the second automatic control valve of the first pressure buffer line, simultaneously opening the first automatic control valve of the second pressure buffer line, and opening the liquid production control flow of the second pressure buffer line; the control logic and the process of the second pressure buffer circuit are consistent with those of the first pressure buffer circuit;
(d) selecting to switch to another pressure buffer line when the produced fluid volume is near 2/3 for the second pressure vessel volume, based on the design produced fluid rate;
3. collecting produced fluid
(a) Cooling the fluid entering the second pressure container of the first pressure buffer line, and detecting the temperature inside the second pressure container by a temperature measuring device (thermocouple);
(b) when the temperature measuring device displays that the temperature is reduced to be below 100 ℃, the third automatic control valve is opened, the opening degree of the third automatic control valve is controlled, fluid is slowly produced, and the fourth automatic control valve is opened at the same time;
(c) gas-liquid separation is carried out after the gas-liquid mixture enters the separation device, oil-water and other liquid phases are left in the separation device, the separated gas-phase product is discharged through the fourth automatic control valve, the filtering device, the drying device and the second gas flowmeter in sequence, and the stage output quantity and the gas production rate of the gas can be obtained through the gas flowmeter;
(d) setting time intervals according to a program, opening a fifth automatic control valve, and enabling the gas to pass through a gas chromatograph to obtain component information of the gas produced in real time;
(e) when the pressure P3 of the third pressure measuring device is close to the atmospheric pressure, the third automatic control valve and the fourth automatic control valve are closed, and the pressure control, the fluid output analysis and the fluid metering of the first pressure buffer line are completed; when the pressure P5 of the third pressure measuring device of the second pressure buffer line approaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, the flow of the first pressure buffer line is restarted;
(f) repeating the step 2-3;
4. and after the experiment is finished, closing all the first automatic control valves, opening all the second automatic control valves, the third automatic control valves and the third automatic control valves, and repeatedly purging the pressure container and the pipeline by using inert gas.
The embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other without contradiction.
In summary, the invention provides a back pressure control device, a system and an application for an oil reservoir physical model experiment.
The scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the backpressure is formed by pressurizing gas, so that pressure fluctuation and even blockage generated by oil-water separation when the multiphase fluid flows through the backpressure valve in the conventional method are avoided;
(2) the sectional type output structure avoids frequent switching and increases the manual strength;
(3) the process is simple; the operation is flexible; automatic control is carried out, and different pressure control experiment schemes are realized;
(4) the capability of coping with unexpected situations is stronger;
(5) the response to pressure fluctuation is fast; the pressure fluctuation range is low; the pressure control precision is high; the repeatability is high;
(6) the emulsification of high temperature oil water gas when avoiding passing through throttling arrangement.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a back pressure control device and a reservoir model system in reservoir model experiments according to embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between pressure and experiment time in the experiment process in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a histogram of the cumulative gas production volume of example 3;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the change in produced gas over time for example 3;
the numbering in FIG. 1 is as follows:
1 first pressure measuring device 2 gas supply pressure regulating circuit 3, 3' pressure buffer circuit
4 first self-control valve of back pressure control device 31, 31' of reservoir model 5
6 gas analysis unit 7 control device 32, 32' first pressure vessel
21 gas supply device 22 first gas flowmeter 33, 33' second automatic control valve
23 pressure regulating valve 24 one-way valve 34, 34' second pressure container
25 fourth pressure measuring device 39 first collection point 35, 35' third automatic control valve
Temperature measuring device for 62 flow analysis branch and 63 component analysis branch 36 and 36
65 second collection Point 621 Filter device 37, 37' second pressure measurement device
622 drying unit 623 second gas flow meter 38, 38' third pressure measuring unit
631 gas chromatograph 632 fifth automatic control valve 61, 61' gas separation device
64. 64' fourth self-controlled valve.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments and the advantageous effects thereof is provided by way of specific examples to assist the reader in better understanding the nature and features of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a back pressure control device in an oil reservoir physical model experiment, where the back pressure control device includes a first pressure measuring device 1 (pressure sensor), an air supply pressure regulating line 2, and two pressure buffer lines 3 and 3';
each pressure buffer line comprises first automatic control valves 31 and 31 ' (automatic control ball valves), first pressure vessels 32 and 32 ' with temperature adjusting jackets, second automatic control valves 33 and 33 ' (automatic control ball valves), second pressure vessels 34 and 34 ' with temperature adjusting jackets and third automatic control valves 35 and 35 ' (automatic control needle valves) which are sequentially connected through pipelines, and temperature measuring devices 36 and 36 ' (thermocouples) are respectively arranged on the second pressure vessels 34 and 34 '; second pressure measuring devices 37 and 37 '(pressure sensors) are provided on the line between the first pressure vessel 32 and the second automatic control valve 33 and the line between the first pressure vessel 32' and the second automatic control valve 33 ', respectively, and third pressure measuring devices 38 and 38' (pressure sensors) are provided on the line between the second pressure vessel 34 and the third automatic control valve 35 and the line between the second pressure vessel 34 'and the third automatic control valve 35', respectively;
the gas supply and pressure regulation line 2 comprises a gas supply device 21 (a nitrogen gas cylinder), a first gas flowmeter 22 (a gas mass flowmeter), a pressure regulating valve 23 and a one-way valve 24 which are sequentially connected through pipelines, wherein the one-way valve 24 is used for conveying gas from the gas supply device to a first pressure container 32, and a fourth pressure measuring device 25 (a pressure gauge) is also arranged on the pipeline between the one-way valve and the pressure regulating valve;
the check valves 23 are respectively connected with the two first pressure containers 32 through pipelines; the lines from the two first self-control valves 31 converge at a first collection point 39, on which the first pressure measuring device 1 is arranged, and are then connected to the reservoir model 4.
The respective self-control valves, the respective pressure measuring devices and the temperature measuring devices are electrically connected to the control device 7, respectively (fig. 1 does not show connecting lines showing the electrical connections).
The volume of the second pressure container of the same pressure buffer circuit is 5 times of the volume of the first pressure container.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a reservoir model system, wherein the system includes a reservoir model 4, a back pressure control device 5 according to embodiment 1, and a gas analysis unit 6, and the back pressure control device 5 is connected to the reservoir model 4 and the gas analysis unit 6 through pipelines, respectively.
The gas analysis unit 6 comprises two gas separation devices 61 and 61' (separation bottles), a flow analysis branch 62 and a composition analysis branch 63; the two gas separation devices 61 are respectively connected with the third automatic control valves 35 of the two pressure buffer circuits 3 through pipelines; the two gas separation devices 61 are connected through a pipeline, and two fourth automatic control valves 64 and 64' are arranged on the pipeline between the gas separation devices 61; the pipelines of the flow analysis branch 62 and the composition analysis branch 63 are first collected at a second collection point 65, and then the second collection point is connected with the pipelines between the two fourth automatic control valves 64 and 64'.
The flow analysis branch 62 comprises a filtering device 621, a drying device 622 and a second gas flow meter 623 (gas mass flow meter) which are sequentially connected through a pipeline, and the filtering device 621 is connected with the second collection point 65 through a pipeline; the component analyzing branch 63 includes a gas chromatograph 631, and a fifth automatic control valve 632 (automatic control ball valve) is provided between the gas chromatograph 631 and the second collection point 65.
Example 3
This example provides a high temperature propane injection heavy oil recovery experiment using the reservoir model system of example 2, operating at 200 deg.C, pressure 3000KPa, and an experimental gas injection rate of 50 ml/min. The viscosity of the degassed crude oil at 50 ℃ is 10 ten thousand centipoise, the model sand pack permeability is 120darcy, and the model size is 100X 10X 25 cm. And (3) deploying a double horizontal well at the bottom of the model, and simulating an oil extraction process mainly based on SAGD gravity drainage. The pressure of the preset pressure regulating valve is 2980KPa before the experiment, and the experimental operation pressure is 3000 KPa. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1. preparation of
(a) Opening control software, testing the instruction response conditions of all the automatic control valves 31, 31 ', 33', 35 ', 64' and 632 through the control device 7, finally closing all the automatic control valves and detecting the feedback states of the automatic control valves; entering a feedback automatic control flow after all the parts are normal;
(b) all valves in the process are ensured to be closed before the experiment; presetting the preset pressure of a pressure regulating valve 22, wherein the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve is set to be 20KPa below the preset pressure of a mining experiment required by the experiment; opening the gas supply device 21, and precharging the nitrogen gas into the first pressure vessels 32 and 32';
(c) all pressure measuring devices 1, 37 ', 38' are calibrated and output stable readings;
(d) all temperature measuring devices 36 and 36' are calibrated and output stable readings;
(e) calibrating the gas flow meter 22, 623 and testing the real-time data acquisition function;
(f) the external thermostatic jackets of all the pressure vessels 32, 32 ', 34' reach a stable preset temperature (60-80 ℃);
(g) the gas chromatograph 631 performs standard gas calibration in advance.
2. Production pressure control
(a) Starting an experiment and producing high-temperature fluid from the body of the oil reservoir physical model 4, wherein for a heavy oil thermal recovery experiment, the fluid generally consists of a mixture of oil, water, steam, non-condensable gas and the like;
(b) opening the control device 7, checking the pressure of the first pressure measuring device 1, namely reading P1, and starting to execute the action control of the self-control valve when P1 rises to the preset pressure of the mining experiment; because the output treatment has two parallel flows, the fluid firstly passes through the left pressure buffer circuit, the first self-control valve 31 of the pressure buffer circuit is opened, the output fluid enters the first pressure container 32, and the primary heat exchange is carried out;
(c) when the pressure of the second pressure measuring device 37, namely the reading of P2, rises to the preset pressure of the mining experiment, the second automatic control valve 33 is automatically opened, and the fluid is discharged to the second pressure container 34; when the reading of P2 approaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve 23, the second self-control valve 33 is automatically closed; the volume of the second pressure container 34 is 5 times that of the first pressure container 32, the liquid filling process is consistent with the opening and closing of the second automatic control valve 33, and the fluctuation of the internal pressure of the reservoir model body between the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve and the preset pressure of the mining experiment is maintained;
(d) when the pressure of the third pressure measuring device 38, namely the reading of P3, rises to the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, the first automatic control valve 31 and the second automatic control valve 33 are closed, the first automatic control valve 31' is opened at the same time, the right pressure buffer line is opened for controlling the liquid production, and the control logic and the process are consistent with the left flow;
(e) selecting 2/3 of the second pressure vessel volume of the right side pressure buffer circuit to be ready to switch to the left side pressure buffer circuit when occupied by fluid, depending on the design production fluid rate;
3. collecting produced fluid
(a) The fluid entering the second pressure vessel 34 is cooled under the action of the temperature adjusting jacket, and the temperature inside the second pressure vessel 34 is detected through the temperature measuring device 36;
(b) when the temperature measuring device 36 displays that the temperature is reduced to be below 100 ℃, the third automatic control valve 35 is opened, the opening of the valve is controlled, fluid is slowly produced, and meanwhile, the fourth automatic control valve 64 is opened;
(c) after entering the separation device 61, the gas-liquid mixture is subjected to gas-liquid separation, liquid phases such as oil and water are left in the separation device, and the separated gas-phase product passes through the fourth self-control valve 64, the filtering device 621, the drying device 622 and the second gas flow meter 623 in sequence and finally enters a fume hood to be discharged; the stage output quantity and the gas production rate of the gas can be obtained through the gas flowmeter;
(d) at programmed time intervals, the fifth automatic control valve 632 is opened, and the gas passes through the gas chromatograph 631, so that the composition information of the components of the gas produced in real time can be obtained (the results are shown in fig. 3 and 4);
(e) when the reading of the third pressure measuring device 38, namely the reading of P3 is close to the atmospheric pressure, the third automatic control valve 35 and the fourth automatic control valve 64 are closed, and the pressure control, the fluid output analysis and the fluid output measurement of the left flow are completed; and when the reading of the third pressure measuring device 38' in the right flow, namely the reading of P5 is close to the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, the left flow is restarted.
(f) Repeating the step 2-3;
(g) after the experiment is finished, the first automatic control valves 31 and 31 'are closed, the second automatic control valves 33 and 33', the third automatic control valves 35 and 35 'and the fourth automatic control valves 64 and 64' are opened, and all pressure vessels and pipelines are repeatedly purged by inert gas provided by the gas supply device.
And (4) analyzing results:
FIG. 2 is a graph of pressure versus time during the experiment. The pressure difference of about 20KPa is kept between the preset pressure and the actual control pressure of the experiment, so that the normal operation of the proportional simulation experiment can be ensured.
Claims (18)
1. A back pressure control device for an oil reservoir physical model experiment comprises a first pressure measuring device, an air supply pressure regulating line and at least one pressure buffer line;
each pressure buffer circuit comprises a first automatic control valve, a first pressure container, a second automatic control valve and at least one group of pressure buffer units which are sequentially connected through pipelines; the pressure buffer unit comprises a second pressure container and a third automatic control valve which are sequentially connected through a pipeline, a temperature measuring device is arranged on the second pressure container, and the second automatic control valve is connected with the second pressure container of the pressure buffer unit connected with the second automatic control valve through the pipeline; a second pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline between the first pressure container and the second automatic control valve, and a third pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline between the second pressure container and the third automatic control valve;
the air supply pressure regulating circuit comprises an air supply device, a pressure regulating valve and a one-way valve which are sequentially connected through a pipeline;
the first pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline of the pressure buffer line, which is connected with the first automatic control valve and the oil reservoir object model; the check valve of the air supply pressure regulating line is respectively connected with the first pressure container of each pressure buffer line through a pipeline.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the supply air pressure regulating circuit further comprises a first gas flow meter disposed on the conduit between the supply air device and the pressure regulating valve.
3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the device comprises two pressure buffer lines, the pressure buffer cells of each pressure buffer line being in one group; each pressure buffer circuit comprises a first automatic control valve, a first pressure container, a second automatic control valve, a second pressure container and a third automatic control valve which are sequentially connected through a pipeline; a temperature measuring device is arranged on the second pressure container; a second pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline between the first pressure container and the second automatic control valve, and a third pressure measuring device is arranged on a pipeline between the second pressure container and the third automatic control valve.
4. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the device further comprises a control device, and the control device is electrically connected with the respective control valve, the respective pressure measuring device and the temperature measuring device respectively.
5. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second pressure vessel volume of the same pressure buffer circuit is 2 to 10 times the first pressure vessel volume.
6. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first and second pressure vessels are temperature controlled vessels.
7. A reservoir model system, wherein the system comprises a reservoir model, the back pressure control device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 and a gas analysis unit, and the back pressure control device is respectively connected with the reservoir model and the gas analysis unit through pipelines.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the gas analysis unit comprises a gas separation device connected with the back pressure control device through a pipeline, and gas outlets of the gas separation device are respectively connected with the second gas flow meter of the flow analysis branch and the gas chromatograph of the composition analysis branch through pipelines.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the system comprises a reservoir model, the back pressure control device of claim 3, and a gas analysis unit; and the two gas separation devices are respectively connected with a third automatic control valve of the back pressure control device through a pipeline.
10. The system according to claim 8 or 9, wherein a filtering device and a drying device are provided on the flow analysis branch and between the gas separation device and the second gas flow meter.
11. The system of any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein a fourth self-controlled valve is provided in the pipeline at the gas outlet of the gas separation device.
12. A pressure control method in an oil reservoir model simulation exploitation experiment, wherein the method comprises the step of controlling the pressure in the experiment process by using the back pressure control device as claimed in any one of claims 1-6.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
1) injecting fluid produced in the oil deposit model into the pressure buffer circuit through the first pressure measuring device; meanwhile, an air supply and pressure regulation line with preset pressure of a pressure regulating valve is used for supplying air and regulating pressure to the pressure buffer line;
2) when the pressure measured by the first pressure measuring device reaches the preset pressure of the mining experiment, a first automatic control valve of a pressure buffer line is opened, and fluid enters a first pressure container;
3) when the pressure measured by the second pressure measuring device of the pressure buffer line reaches the preset pressure of the mining experiment, the second automatic control valve of the pressure buffer line is opened, and fluid enters a second pressure container of the pressure buffer line; when the pressure measured by the second pressure measuring device reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, closing the second automatic control valve; controlling the opening and closing of the second automatic control valve to control the internal pressure of the oil reservoir model to fluctuate between the preset pressure of the mining experiment and the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve;
4) when the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device of the group of pressure buffer lines reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, the first automatic control valve and the second automatic control valve of the group of pressure buffer lines are closed, and the pressure control flow of the group of pressure buffer lines completes one turn; when the temperature of the fluid in the second pressure container is lower than 90 ℃, the fluid in the second pressure container in the group of pressure buffer circuits is discharged, and the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device is close to the atmospheric pressure, and then the next pressure control process is carried out.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the method comprises controlling the pressure during the experiment with the back pressure control device of claim 3; step 4) of the method comprises: when the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device of the first pressure buffer line reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, closing the first automatic control valve and the second automatic control valve of the first pressure buffer line, and opening the first automatic control valve of the second pressure buffer line to open the pressure control flow path of the second pressure buffer line; when the fluid of the second pressure container in the first pressure buffer line is discharged, the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device is close to the atmospheric pressure, and the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device in the second pressure buffer line reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, closing the first automatic control valve and the second automatic control valve of the second pressure buffer line, and opening the first automatic control valve of the first pressure buffer line to restart the pressure control flow path of the first pressure buffer line, and discharging the fluid of the second pressure container in the second pressure buffer line; the two pressure buffer circuits alternately perform a pressure control flow path until the experiment is finished.
15. A reservoir model simulation mining experimental method, wherein the method comprises performing an experiment using the system of any one of claims 7 to 11.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
1) injecting fluid produced in the oil deposit model into the pressure buffer circuit through the first pressure measuring device; meanwhile, an air supply and pressure regulation line with preset pressure of a pressure regulating valve is used for supplying air and regulating pressure to the pressure buffer line;
2) when the pressure measured by the first pressure measuring device reaches the preset pressure of the mining experiment, a first automatic control valve of a pressure buffer line is opened, and fluid enters a first pressure container;
3) when the pressure measured by the second pressure measuring device of the pressure buffer line reaches the preset pressure of the mining experiment, the second automatic control valve of the pressure buffer line is opened, and fluid enters a second pressure container of the pressure buffer line; when the pressure measured by the second pressure measuring device reaches 99.8-100% of the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, closing the second automatic control valve; controlling the opening and closing of the second automatic control valve to control the internal pressure of the oil reservoir model to fluctuate between the preset pressure of the mining experiment and the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve;
4) when the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device of the pressure buffer line reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, the first automatic control valve and the second automatic control valve of the pressure buffer line are closed, and the pressure control flow of the pressure buffer line completes one turn; discharging the fluid of the second pressure container in the pressure buffer line, and performing the next pressure control process when the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device is close to the atmospheric pressure;
5) discharging the fluid of the second pressure vessel in the pressure buffer circuit of step 4) to a gas analysis unit for analyzing the gas in the fluid.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein the method comprises conducting an experiment using the system of claim 9, step 4) comprising: when the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device of the first pressure buffer line reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, closing the first automatic control valve and the second automatic control valve of the first pressure buffer line, and opening the first automatic control valve of the second pressure buffer line to open the pressure control flow path of the second pressure buffer line; when the fluid of the second pressure container in the first pressure buffer line is discharged, the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device is close to the atmospheric pressure, and the pressure measured by the third pressure measuring device in the second pressure buffer line reaches the preset pressure of the pressure regulating valve, closing the first automatic control valve and the second automatic control valve of the second pressure buffer line, and opening the first automatic control valve of the first pressure buffer line to restart the pressure control flow path of the first pressure buffer line, and discharging the fluid of the second pressure container in the second pressure buffer line; the two pressure buffer circuits alternately perform a pressure control flow path until the experiment is finished.
18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the gas supply pressure regulating circuit further comprises a first gas flow meter arranged on a pipeline between the gas supply device and the pressure regulating valve, and the step 5) comprises opening a third self-control valve to discharge the fluid in the second pressure vessel to the gas separation device after the temperature of the fluid in the second pressure vessel is reduced to be below 100 ℃, and respectively measuring the gas output and the gas production rate and the gas components of the separated gas.
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