CN113883077B - Control method of multi-machine tandem operation single-shaft compressor unit system - Google Patents
Control method of multi-machine tandem operation single-shaft compressor unit system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/16—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/002—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids by varying geometry within the pumps, e.g. by adjusting vanes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/004—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids by varying driving speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
- F04D27/0215—Arrangements therefor, e.g. bleed or by-pass valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
- F04D29/46—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable
- F04D29/462—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
- F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/70—Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning
- F04D29/701—Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
Abstract
The invention provides a control method of a multi-compressor serial operation single-shaft compressor unit system, which mainly solves the problems of low operation efficiency and complex compressor configuration of the existing serial compressor unit. The system comprises a low-pressure unit, a high-pressure unit, a first output pipeline, a second output pipeline, a high-pressure anti-surge valve, a low-pressure anti-surge valve, a blow-off valve and a blow-off silencer; the low-pressure unit and the high-pressure unit are both multi-section single-shaft centrifugal compressor units; the low-voltage unit is driven by the variable frequency motor, the inlet of the low-voltage unit is communicated with the outside atmosphere, and the outlet of the low-voltage unit is respectively connected with the inlet of the high-voltage unit and the first output pipeline; the high-voltage unit is driven by the variable frequency motor, and an outlet of the high-voltage unit is connected with a second output pipeline; the inlet of the high-pressure anti-surge valve is connected with the outlet of the high-pressure unit, and the outlet is connected to a pipeline between the inlet of the high-pressure unit and the outlet of the regulating valve; the inlet of the low-pressure anti-surge valve is connected with the outlet of the low-pressure unit, and the outlet is communicated with the outside atmosphere.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of compressed air energy storage, and particularly relates to a multi-machine serial operation single-shaft compressor unit system and a control method thereof.
Background
Because renewable energy power generation has intermittent and unstable characteristics, the power generation end, the power transmission and distribution end and the user end of the power grid are all provided with energy storage devices with great necessity. Compressed air energy storage systems are a hotspot technology in current research.
The basic principle of compressed air is as follows: and the motor consumes electric energy of the power grid to drive the compressor to compress air for work, and the pressure energy of the compressed air is stored. When the power grid is in a high-load period, the turbine expander is driven by high-pressure air to generate power. Compressed air can be stored through abandoned rock caves, pressure vessels and the like, and when the vessels are adopted, the capacity requirements on the vessels are higher and higher along with the increase of energy storage power. In order to reduce the requirement of the volume of the container or the rock cavern to the greatest extent, the pressure energy of the compressed air is required to be fully utilized in the process of generating electricity, the compressed air pressure energy can be changed from 10% -100% in the process of primary energy storage and power generation, and thus the back pressure of the compressor is equivalent to the process of changing from 10% -100% in the process of compressed air energy storage.
Because the final pressure of the stored energy is generally high and is generally more than 10MPa, a plurality of compressors are often required to work simultaneously to achieve the aim. However, the pressure in the energy storage container is low when the compressor is initially operated, and usually 1 compressor is needed. However, as the energy storage proceeds, subsequent compressors are required to be gradually incorporated into the compression sequence, and since the time of the energy storage cycle is very limited, rapid and reliable incorporation and rapid load establishment are required, and in order to reduce the man-made operations, it is also required to realize intelligent automatic control requirements.
The existing compressors used in industry have a plurality of series connection applications, but the working condition is constant (namely, the back pressure is constant) and the frequent start and stop conditions of daily start and stop are not existed, when the compressors connected in series are operated in the operation mode, the operation efficiency of the compressors is low, the configuration of the compressors is complex, and the practical use is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low operation efficiency and complex compressor configuration of the existing serial compressor unit, and provides a multi-machine serial operation single-shaft compressor unit system and a control method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-machine tandem operation single-shaft compressor unit system comprises a low-pressure unit, a high-pressure unit, a first output pipeline, a second output pipeline, a high-pressure anti-surge valve, a low-pressure anti-surge valve, a blow-off valve and a blow-off silencer; the low-pressure unit and the high-pressure unit are both multi-section single-shaft centrifugal compressor units; the low-voltage unit is driven by the variable frequency motor, an inlet of the low-voltage unit is communicated with the outside atmosphere through the flow regulating device, an outlet of the low-voltage unit is respectively connected with an inlet of the high-voltage unit and a first output pipeline, and a check valve, a third stop valve and a regulating valve connected in parallel with the third stop valve are arranged on a pipeline between the outlet of the low-voltage unit and the inlet of the high-voltage unit; the first output pipeline is connected with the high-pressure air storage tank through a first one-way valve and a first cut-off valve; the high-voltage unit is driven by the variable frequency motor, an outlet of the high-voltage unit is connected with a second output pipeline, and the second output pipeline is connected with a high-pressure air storage tank through a second cut-off valve and a second one-way valve; the inlet of the high-pressure anti-surge valve is connected with the outlet of the high-pressure unit, and the outlet of the high-pressure anti-surge valve is connected to a pipeline between the inlet of the high-pressure unit and the outlet of the regulating valve; the inlet of the low-pressure anti-surge valve is connected with the outlet of the low-pressure unit, and the outlet of the low-pressure anti-surge valve is communicated with the outside atmosphere; and an inlet of the emptying valve is connected with an outlet of the high-pressure unit, and an outlet of the emptying valve is communicated with the outside atmosphere through an emptying silencer.
Further, the low-pressure unit and the high-pressure unit are respectively a three-section type single-shaft centrifugal compressor unit.
Further, the flow regulating device is a throttle valve or a guide vane.
Further, the heat exchanger further comprises six heat exchangers arranged between two adjacent sections of compressors in the low-pressure unit and the high-pressure unit and on the first output pipeline and the second output pipeline.
Further, an air filter is arranged at the inlet of the low-pressure unit.
Further, the first output pipeline and the second output pipeline are both provided with outlet flow meters.
Further, the outlets of the first output pipeline and the second output pipeline are connected with a high-pressure air storage tank through an output main pipeline, and an outlet flowmeter is arranged on the output main pipeline.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a control method of the multi-machine serial operation single-shaft compressor unit system, which comprises the following steps:
step one, a throttle valve or a guide vane is in a small opening degree, a low-pressure cylinder anti-surge valve is fully opened, a low-pressure unit is started in a variable frequency mode, after the low-pressure unit is started to a minimum working rotating speed, the throttle valve or the guide vane is slowly opened, meanwhile, the anti-surge valve is slowly closed, constant flow of a high-pressure air storage tank is inflated through a first output pipeline, and the rotating speed of the low-pressure unit is slowly increased to a rated rotating speed in the inflation process of the low-pressure unit; the initial pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank is less than 1MPa;
step two, starting a high-voltage unit through a) a low-voltage starting process or b) a starting process with pressure;
a) When the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank exceeds 1.2-1.6 MPa, the check valve is automatically opened, meanwhile, the regulating valve is opened, part of air at the outlet of the low-pressure unit is input into the high-pressure unit, the high-pressure unit is in an inflated state, when the inflation pressure of the high-pressure unit reaches 2-5 bar, the high-pressure unit is inflated, and the regulating valve is closed; the high-pressure unit is started in a variable frequency mode, operates at the lowest working rotation speed, and the high-pressure anti-surge valve is in a full-open state;
in the running process of the low-pressure unit at the lowest working speed, the low-pressure unit still charges air to the high-pressure air storage tank through the first output pipeline, the regulating valve is opened, the air pressure in the high-pressure unit is charged to be equal to the exhaust pressure of the low-pressure unit, at the moment, the pressure in front of the valve of the third cut-off valve is equal to the pressure behind the valve of the third cut-off valve, the third cut-off valve is opened, the low-pressure unit and the high-pressure unit are completely conducted, and at the moment, the low-pressure unit runs at the maximum working speed and the high-pressure unit runs at the minimum working speed;
b) Opening an adjusting valve, after the high-pressure unit is inflated until the internal pressure of the high-pressure unit is equal to the exhaust pressure of the low-pressure unit, opening a third cut-off valve, completing the conduction between the low-pressure unit and the high-pressure unit, and then starting the high-pressure unit to a minimum running state through frequency conversion;
step three, gradually reducing the rotating speed of the low-pressure unit, and gradually reducing the charging amount of the low-pressure unit to the high-pressure air storage tank in the process after the low-pressure unit reaches the minimum working rotating speed until the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank closes the first one-way valve; slowly closing the high-pressure anti-surge valve, increasing the exhaust pressure of the high-pressure unit, reducing the inlet flow of the low-pressure unit through the throttle valve or the guide vane, and reducing the inlet pressure and flow of the low-pressure unit and the high-pressure unit until the high-pressure anti-surge valve is completely closed, wherein the high-pressure unit operates in the high-efficiency area; in the process, the high-pressure unit starts to charge air into the high-pressure air storage tank, and the charging amount is gradually increased;
step four, as the inflation back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank is improved, slowly opening a throttle valve or a guide vane, and simultaneously gradually and alternately improving the rotation speed of the low-pressure unit and the high-pressure unit to continuously improve the exhaust pressure of the high-pressure unit, wherein the compressor is always controlled to be under the set optimal inflation flow in the process;
and fifthly, along with the gradual increase of the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank, when the inflation flow reaches the inflation low threshold value, closing the low-pressure unit and the high-pressure unit, closing the second one-way valve by the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank, and closing the second cut-off valve to complete inflation.
Further, the compression temperature of each section of the low-pressure unit and the high-pressure unit is controlled to be less than 150 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a compressed air energy storage unit without wide back pressure and with multiple compressors running in series, which can realize efficient operation of the compressor unit in the wide back pressure process, thereby improving the efficiency of an air energy storage system and enabling each compressor in the air charging process to be in an efficient working range in the whole process.
2. The system adopts a multi-section single-shaft centrifugal compressor unit, and the single-shaft compressor unit has the characteristics of stability and reliability, and is the best choice for frequently starting and stopping compressed air energy storage at present. In the running scheme of the string machine of the single-shaft unit, the high-voltage unit and the low-voltage unit are regulated by adopting variable rotation speeds, and the optimal comprehensive running efficiency of the single-shaft unit is realized by a matching control method.
3. The low-pressure unit and the high-pressure unit are respectively three-section single-shaft compressor units, the arrangement ensures that the design working condition loads of the compressors are uniformly matched, and meanwhile, the minimum number of cylinders and the maximum number of compression sections are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a multi-machine tandem operation single-shaft compressor train system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage embodiment of a multi-machine tandem operation single-shaft compressor package system of the present invention.
Reference numerals: the system comprises a 1-low-pressure unit, a 2-high-pressure unit, a 3-first output pipeline, a 4-second output pipeline, a 5-high-pressure anti-surge valve, a 6-low-pressure anti-surge valve, a 7-emptying valve, an 8-emptying silencer, a 9-variable frequency motor, a 10-check valve, a 11-third shut-off valve, a 12-regulating valve, a 13-first check valve, a 14-first shut-off valve, a 15-high-pressure air storage tank, a 16-second shut-off valve, a 17-second check valve, a 18-heat exchanger, a 19-air filter, a 20-outlet flowmeter, a 21-flow regulating device and a 22-output main pipeline.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely for explaining the technical principles of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a multi-machine serial operation single-shaft compressor unit system and a control method thereof, which are a multi-machine serial wide back pressure system and an optimized control method, and aim at quick start and stop and realizing high efficiency in the whole operation process, reduce the working condition of emptying or backflow and improve the operation efficiency of a compressed air energy storage system.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the multi-machine tandem operation single-shaft compressor set system provided by the embodiment comprises a low-pressure set 1, a high-pressure set 2, a first output pipeline 3, a second output pipeline 4, a high-pressure anti-surge valve 5, a low-pressure anti-surge valve 6, a blow-off valve 7 and a blow-off silencer 8; the low-pressure unit 1 and the high-pressure unit 2 are multi-section single-shaft centrifugal compressor units; the low-voltage unit 1 is driven by a variable frequency motor 9, the inlet of the low-voltage unit is communicated with the outside atmosphere through a flow regulating device 21 and an air filter 19, the outlet of the low-voltage unit is respectively connected with the inlet of the high-voltage unit 2 and the first output pipeline 3, and a check valve 10, a third cut-off valve 11 and a regulating valve 12 connected with the third cut-off valve 11 in parallel are arranged on a pipeline between the outlet of the low-voltage unit 1 and the inlet of the high-voltage unit 2; the first output pipeline 3 is connected with a high-pressure air storage tank 15 through a first check valve 13 and a first cut-off valve 14; the high-voltage unit 2 is driven by the variable frequency motor 9, the outlet of the high-voltage unit 2 is connected with the second output pipeline 4, and the second output pipeline 4 is connected with the high-pressure air storage tank 15 by the second check valve 17 and the second cut-off valve 16; the inlet of the high-pressure anti-surge valve 5 is connected with the outlet of the high-pressure unit 2 after passing through a heat exchanger 18, and the outlet of the high-pressure anti-surge valve 5 is connected on a pipeline between the inlet of the high-pressure unit 2 and the outlet of the second regulating valve 12, namely, the outlet joint of the high-pressure anti-surge valve 5 is positioned at the downstream of the outlet of the regulating valve 12; the inlet of the low-pressure anti-surge valve 6 is connected with the outlet of the low-pressure unit 1, and the outlet of the low-pressure anti-surge valve 6 is communicated with the outside atmosphere; an inlet of the blow-down valve 7 is connected with an outlet of the high-pressure unit 2, and an outlet of the blow-down valve 7 is communicated with the outside atmosphere through a blow-down silencer 8.
The low-voltage unit 1 and the high-voltage unit 2 are both multi-section single-shaft centrifugal compressor units, and the single-shaft (single-shaft) unit has the characteristics of stability and reliability and is the best choice for the frequent start and stop of compressed air energy storage at present. However, the low-voltage unit 1 of the single-shaft unit has smaller voltage ratio and narrower adjusting range, and based on the low-voltage unit 1 of the invention, the variable-frequency motor 9 is used for driving, and the variable-rotation speed can effectively solve the problems of low efficiency and narrow adjusting range of the single-shaft unit. Therefore, in the running scheme of the string machine of the single-shaft unit, the high-voltage unit and the low-voltage unit 1 are regulated by adopting variable rotation speeds, and the higher efficiency and the wider pressure ratio regulating range can be realized through matching process operation, so that the optimal comprehensive running efficiency of the single-shaft unit is realized.
The low-pressure unit 1 and the high-pressure unit 2 are multi-section centrifugal compressor units, the compression temperature of each section of the compressor is controlled to be less than 150 ℃ in order to achieve higher compression efficiency, and the cost is reduced by adopting the multi-section compressor and considering the reduction of the number of the compressors as much as possible. In this embodiment, the low-pressure unit 1 and the high-pressure unit 2 are respectively three-section single-shaft compressor units, and this arrangement makes the load matching of the design working conditions of the compressors uniform, and simultaneously realizes the minimum number of cylinders and the maximum number of compression sections. In addition, six heat exchangers 18 between two adjacent compressors in the low-pressure unit 1 and the high-pressure unit 2 and on the first output pipeline 3 and the second output pipeline 4 can recover energy in the system.
In this embodiment, the flow regulating device 21 may in particular be a throttle valve or a vane. The throttle valve or the guide vane can control the inflation speed, so that the damage to the equipment of the high-pressure unit 2 caused by rapid inflation is avoided. Meanwhile, the single-shaft unit inflation constant flow adjusting mode can also change the rotation speed besides a throttle valve or a guide vane, and the problem of low efficiency and narrow adjusting range of the single-shaft unit can be effectively overcome by increasing the rotation speed. The first output pipeline 3 and the second output pipeline 4 are provided with outlet flow meters 20, and two outlet flow meters 20 are arranged in total. Because the inflation speed is high or low, the unit load lifting is required to be provided with a control variable, and the high-efficiency regulation of the constant-flow gas transmission of the unit can be realized through the flow control output by the outlet flowmeter 20.
When the system is operated, the final energy storage pressure of the storage tank is set to be 9-11 MPa, the pressure is the optimal inflation pressure, the initial energy storage working pressure is set to be 1MPa, the operation state analysis of the compressor under different back pressures of 1MPa, 2 MPa, 3 MPa and … MPa is completed, and a configuration scheme is formed. When the energy storage pressure exceeds 1.2-1.6 MPa, the high-voltage unit 2 needs to be in an intervening work, and at the moment, the low-voltage unit 1 works in a state of small flow and maximum pressure ratio, the low-voltage unit 1 operates at the highest rotating speed, and the operating point is close to an anti-surge line; the pipeline of the outlet of the low-pressure unit 1, which is led to the inlet of the high-pressure unit 2, is separated from the gas paths of the two units by a third cut-off valve 11, so that the compressor of the high-pressure unit 2 is not affected when the compressor of the low-pressure unit 1 works independently. With the operation of the low-pressure unit 1, the low-pressure anti-surge valve of the low-pressure unit 1 may be opened to achieve a constant outlet pressure of the compressor of the low-pressure unit 1. The mode can realize that the compression work consumed by unit effective compressed air is the lowest, and realize that the unit effective compressed air runs in an automatic loading and stringing machine.
When the low-pressure unit 1 works close to the maximum pressure ratio, the bypass valve (i.e. the regulating valve 12) of the third cut-off valve 11 at the outlet of the low-pressure unit 1 is opened until the third cut-off valve 11 is fully opened, and the high-pressure unit 2 and the pipeline are filled with air with the pressure equal to the outlet of the low-pressure unit 1; at this time, the low pressure unit 1 is operated, and the high pressure anti-surge valve 5 is opened and maintained at a certain opening degree. Because the pressure ratio is insufficient, the energy storage and inflation are temporarily stopped. And (3) starting the high-pressure unit 2 to the minimum working rotation speed, and then continuously closing the anti-surge valve until the pressure ratio is gradually built. The following detailed description of the above process is provided by the following steps, namely, the control method of the multi-machine tandem operation single-shaft compressor unit system provided by the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, a throttle valve or a guide vane is in a small opening degree, a low-pressure cylinder anti-surge valve 6 is fully opened, a low-pressure unit 1 is started in a variable frequency mode, after the low-pressure unit 1 is started to a minimum working rotating speed, the throttle valve or the guide vane is slowly opened, meanwhile, the anti-surge valve 6 is slowly closed, constant flow inflation is carried out on a high-pressure air storage tank 15 through a first output pipeline 3, and the rotating speed is slowly increased to the maximum working rotating speed (rated rotating speed) in the inflation process of the low-pressure unit 1; the initial pressure of the high pressure air tank 15 is less than 1MPa;
when the low-pressure unit 1 is initially inflated, the inlet throttle valve or the guide vane has a small closing degree; at this time, flow signals of the first output pipeline 3 and the second output pipeline 4 of the high-pressure air storage tank 15 are collected, and according to the flow signals, a throttle valve or a guide vane is gradually opened in the inflation process, so that the low-pressure unit 1 adopts constant flow inflation to realize high-efficiency inflation;
step two, starting the high-pressure unit 2 through a low-pressure starting process;
when the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank 15 exceeds 1.2-1.6 MPa (different compressor working performance differences and back pressure value changes), the check valve 10 is automatically opened (the check valve 10 is in an automatic opening state due to the working of the low-pressure unit 1), meanwhile, the regulating valve 12 is opened, part of air at the outlet of the low-pressure unit 1 is input into the high-pressure unit 2, so that the high-pressure unit 2 is in an inflated state, the inflation pressure of the high-pressure unit 2 is in a low-pressure state, and when the inflation pressure of the high-pressure unit 2 reaches 2-5 bar, the high-pressure unit 2 is inflated, and the regulating valve 12 is closed; the high-pressure unit 2 is started in a variable frequency mode and operates at the lowest working rotation speed, and the high-pressure anti-surge valve 5 is in a full-open state in the process;
in the running process of the low-pressure unit 1 at the lowest working speed, the low-pressure unit 1 still charges air to the high-pressure air storage tank 15 through the first output pipeline 3, the regulating valve 12 is opened, the air pressure in the high-pressure unit 2 is charged to be equal to the exhaust pressure of the low-pressure unit 1, at the moment, the pressure in front of the valve of the third cut-off valve 11 is equal to the pressure behind the valve, the third cut-off valve 11 is opened, the low-pressure unit 1 and the high-pressure unit 2 are completely conducted, the low-pressure unit 1 runs at the maximum working speed, and the high-pressure unit 2 runs at the minimum working speed; at this time, the high-pressure tank is still inflated only by the low-pressure unit 1;
step three, gradually reducing the rotating speed of the low-pressure unit 1, and after the low-pressure unit 1 reaches the minimum working rotating speed, gradually reducing the air charging amount of the low-pressure unit 1 to the high-pressure air storage tank 15 in the operation process until the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank 15 closes the first one-way valve 13;
slowly closing the high-pressure anti-surge valve 5, increasing the exhaust pressure of the high-pressure unit 2, reducing the inlet flow of the low-pressure unit 1 through a throttle valve or a guide vane, and reducing the pressure and flow of the outlet of the low-pressure unit 1 and the inlet of the high-pressure unit 2 until the high-pressure anti-surge valve 5 is completely closed, and operating the high-pressure unit 2 in a high-efficiency area; in the process, the high-pressure unit 2 starts to charge the high-pressure air storage tank 15, and the charging amount is gradually increased;
step four, as the inflation back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank 15 is increased, slowly opening a throttle valve or a guide vane, and simultaneously gradually and alternately increasing the rotation speeds of the low-pressure unit 1 and the high-pressure unit 2 so as to continuously increase the exhaust pressure of the high-pressure unit 2; in order to realize efficient operation of the compressor, the compressor is always controlled to be under the optimal inflation flow according to flow signals on the first output pipeline 3 and the second output pipeline 4 of the high-pressure air storage tank 15, so that efficient adjustment is obtained;
and fifthly, along with the gradual increase of the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank 15, when the inflation flow reaches the inflation low threshold value, closing the low-pressure unit 1 and the high-pressure unit 2, closing the second one-way valve 17 by the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank 15, and then closing the second cut-off valve 16, thereby completing inflation.
Example two
As shown in fig. 2, this embodiment is basically the same as the system configuration of the embodiment one, except that the outlets of the first output line 3 and the second output line 4 are connected to the high-pressure air tank 15 through the output main line 22, and the outlet flow meter 20 is provided on the output main line 22, which can reduce the provision of the outlet flow meter 20, so that the cost of the system is further reduced.
The control method for the multi-machine serial operation single-shaft compressor unit system provided by the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, a throttle valve or a guide vane is in a small opening degree, a low-pressure cylinder anti-surge valve 6 is fully opened, a low-pressure unit 1 is started in a variable frequency mode, after the low-pressure unit 1 is started to a minimum working rotating speed, the throttle valve or the guide vane is slowly opened, meanwhile, the anti-surge valve 6 is slowly closed, constant flow inflation is carried out on a high-pressure air storage tank 15 through a first output pipeline 3, and the rotating speed is slowly increased to the maximum working rotating speed (rated rotating speed) in the inflation process of the low-pressure unit 1; the initial pressure of the high pressure air tank 15 is less than 1MPa;
when the low-pressure unit 1 is initially inflated, the inlet throttle valve or the guide vane has a small closing degree; at this time, flow signals of the first output pipeline 3 and the second output pipeline 4 of the high-pressure air storage tank 15 are collected, and according to the flow signals, a throttle valve or a guide vane is gradually opened in the inflation process, so that the low-pressure unit 1 adopts constant flow inflation to realize high-efficiency inflation;
step two, starting the high-pressure unit 2 through a starting process with pressure; the high-pressure unit 2 can be started under pressure, and the operation of secondarily opening the throttle valve or the guide vane is omitted by the pressure starter, but the starting moment is larger;
opening the regulating valve 12, after the high-pressure unit 2 is inflated until the internal pressure of the high-pressure unit 2 is equal to the exhaust pressure of the low-pressure unit 1, opening the third cut-off valve 11, completing the conduction between the low-pressure unit 1 and the high-pressure unit 2, and then starting the high-pressure unit 2 to a minimum running state through frequency conversion;
step three, gradually reducing the rotating speed of the low-pressure unit 1, and after the low-pressure unit 1 reaches the minimum working rotating speed, gradually reducing the air charging amount of the low-pressure unit 1 to the high-pressure air storage tank 15 in the operation process until the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank 15 closes the first one-way valve 13;
slowly closing the high-pressure anti-surge valve 5, increasing the exhaust pressure of the high-pressure unit 2, reducing the inlet flow of the low-pressure unit 1 through a throttle valve or a guide vane, and reducing the pressure and flow of the outlet of the low-pressure unit 1 and the inlet of the high-pressure unit 2 until the high-pressure anti-surge valve 5 is completely closed, and operating the high-pressure unit 2 in a high-efficiency area; in the process, the high-pressure unit 2 starts to charge the high-pressure air storage tank 15, and the charging amount is gradually increased;
step four, as the inflation back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank 15 is increased, slowly opening a throttle valve or a guide vane, and simultaneously gradually and alternately increasing the rotation speeds of the low-pressure unit 1 and the high-pressure unit 2 so as to continuously increase the exhaust pressure of the high-pressure unit 2; in order to realize efficient operation of the compressor, the compressor is always controlled to be under the optimal inflation flow according to flow signals on the first output pipeline 3 and the second output pipeline 4 of the high-pressure air storage tank 15, so that efficient adjustment is obtained;
and fifthly, along with the gradual increase of the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank 15, when the inflation flow reaches the inflation low threshold value, closing the low-pressure unit 1 and the high-pressure unit 2, closing the second one-way valve 17 by the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank 15, and then closing the second cut-off valve 16, thereby completing inflation.
Claims (8)
1. A control method of a multi-machine tandem operation single-shaft compressor unit system comprises a low-pressure unit (1), a high-pressure unit (2), a first output pipeline (3), a second output pipeline (4), a high-pressure anti-surge valve (5), a low-pressure anti-surge valve (6), a blow-down valve (7) and a blow-down silencer (8);
the low-pressure unit (1) and the high-pressure unit (2) are multi-section single-shaft centrifugal compressor units;
the low-pressure unit (1) is driven by a variable frequency motor (9), an inlet of the low-pressure unit is communicated with the outside atmosphere through a flow regulating device (21), an outlet of the low-pressure unit is respectively connected with an inlet of the high-pressure unit (2) and a first output pipeline (3), and a check valve (10), a third cut-off valve (11) and a regulating valve (12) connected with the third cut-off valve (11) in parallel are arranged on a pipeline between the outlet of the low-pressure unit (1) and the inlet of the high-pressure unit (2);
the first output pipeline (3) is connected with a high-pressure air storage tank (15) through a first one-way valve (13) and a first cut-off valve (14);
the high-pressure unit (2) is driven by a variable frequency motor (9), an outlet of the high-pressure unit (2) is connected with a second output pipeline (4), and the second output pipeline (4) is connected with a high-pressure air storage tank (15) through a second one-way valve (17) and a second cut-off valve (16);
the inlet of the high-pressure anti-surge valve (5) is connected with the outlet of the high-pressure unit (2), and the outlet of the high-pressure anti-surge valve (5) is connected to a pipeline between the inlet of the high-pressure unit (2) and the outlet of the regulating valve (12);
the inlet of the low-pressure anti-surge valve (6) is connected with the outlet of the low-pressure unit (1), and the outlet of the low-pressure anti-surge valve (6) is communicated with the outside atmosphere;
an inlet of the air release valve (7) is connected with an outlet of the high-pressure unit (2), and an outlet of the air release valve (7) is communicated with the outside atmosphere through an air release silencer (8);
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, a throttle valve or a guide vane is in a small opening degree, a low-pressure cylinder anti-surge valve (6) is fully opened, a low-pressure unit (1) is started in a variable frequency mode, after the low-pressure unit (1) is started to a minimum working rotating speed, the throttle valve or the guide vane is slowly opened, meanwhile, the anti-surge valve (6) is slowly closed, constant flow of a high-pressure air storage tank (15) is inflated through a first output pipeline (3), and the rotating speed of the low-pressure unit (1) is slowly increased to a rated rotating speed in the inflation process; the initial pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank (15) is less than 1MPa;
step two, starting the high-pressure unit (2) through a) a low-pressure starting process or b) a pressurized starting process;
a) When the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank (15) exceeds 1.2-1.6 MPa, the check valve (10) is automatically opened, meanwhile, the regulating valve (12) is opened, part of air at the outlet of the low-pressure unit (1) is input into the high-pressure unit (2), the high-pressure unit (2) is in an inflated state, when the inflation pressure of the high-pressure unit (2) reaches 2-5 bar, the high-pressure unit (2) is inflated, and the regulating valve (12) is closed; the high-pressure unit (2) is started in a variable frequency mode, operates at the lowest working rotation speed, and the high-pressure anti-surge valve (5) is in a full-open state;
in the running process of the lowest working rotating speed of the high-pressure unit (2), the low-pressure unit (1) still charges air to the high-pressure air storage tank (15) through the first output pipeline (3), the regulating valve (12) is opened, the air pressure in the high-pressure unit (2) is charged to be equal to the exhaust pressure of the low-pressure unit (1), at the moment, the pressure in front of the valve of the third cut-off valve (11) is equal to the pressure behind the valve, the third cut-off valve (11) is opened, the low-pressure unit (1) and the high-pressure unit (2) are completely conducted, at the moment, the low-pressure unit (1) runs at the maximum working rotating speed, and the high-pressure unit (2) runs at the minimum working rotating speed;
b) Opening an adjusting valve (12), after the high-pressure unit (2) is inflated until the internal pressure of the high-pressure unit (2) is equal to the exhaust pressure of the low-pressure unit (1), opening a third cut-off valve (11), completing the conduction between the low-pressure unit (1) and the high-pressure unit (2), and then starting the high-pressure unit (2) to a minimum running state through frequency conversion;
step three, gradually reducing the rotating speed of the low-pressure unit (1), and after the low-pressure unit (1) reaches the minimum working rotating speed, gradually reducing the air charging amount of the low-pressure unit (1) to the high-pressure air storage tank (15) in the process until the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank (15) closes the first one-way valve (13); slowly closing the high-pressure anti-surge valve (5), increasing the exhaust pressure of the high-pressure unit (2), reducing the inlet flow of the low-pressure unit (1) through a throttle valve or a guide vane, and reducing the pressure and the flow of the outlet of the low-pressure unit (1) and the inlet of the high-pressure unit (2) until the high-pressure anti-surge valve (5) is completely closed, and operating the high-pressure unit (2) in an efficient area; in the process, the high-pressure unit (2) starts to charge the high-pressure air storage tank (15), and the charging amount is gradually increased;
step four, as the inflation back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank (15) is improved, slowly opening a throttle valve or a guide vane, and simultaneously, gradually and alternately lifting the rotating speeds of the low-pressure unit (1) and the high-pressure unit (2) to continuously lift the exhaust pressure of the high-pressure unit (2), wherein the compressor is always controlled to be under the set optimal inflation flow in the process;
and fifthly, along with the gradual increase of the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank (15), when the inflation flow reaches the inflation low threshold, closing the low-pressure set (1) and the high-pressure set (2), closing the second one-way valve (17) by the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank (15), and then closing the second cut-off valve (16), so that the inflation is completed.
2. The control method of a multi-machine tandem operation single-shaft compressor train system according to claim 1, wherein: the compression temperature of each section of the low-pressure unit (1) and the high-pressure unit (2) is controlled to be less than 150 ℃.
3. The control method of a multi-machine tandem operation single-shaft compressor train system according to claim 1, wherein: the low-pressure unit (1) and the high-pressure unit (2) are respectively three-section type single-shaft centrifugal compressor units.
4. The control method of a multi-machine tandem operation single-shaft compressor train system according to claim 1, wherein: the flow regulating device (21) is a throttle valve or a guide vane.
5. A method of controlling a multi-machine tandem operation single-shaft compressor rack system as in any one of claims 1-4 wherein: the heat exchanger also comprises six heat exchangers (18) which are arranged between two adjacent sections of compressors in the low-pressure unit (1) and the high-pressure unit (2) and on the first output pipeline (3) and the second output pipeline (4).
6. The method for controlling a multi-machine tandem operation single-shaft compressor train system of claim 5, wherein: an air filter (19) is further arranged at the inlet of the low-pressure unit (1).
7. The method for controlling a multi-machine tandem operation single-shaft compressor train system of claim 6, wherein: the first output pipeline (3) and the second output pipeline (4) are both provided with an outlet flowmeter (20).
8. The method for controlling a multi-machine tandem operation single-shaft compressor train system of claim 6, wherein: the outlets of the first output pipeline (3) and the second output pipeline (4) are connected with a high-pressure air storage tank (15) through an output main pipeline (22), and an outlet flowmeter (20) is arranged on the output main pipeline (22).
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