CN113883076B - Control method of multi-compressor series-operation multi-shaft compressor unit system - Google Patents
Control method of multi-compressor series-operation multi-shaft compressor unit system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/16—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/002—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids by varying geometry within the pumps, e.g. by adjusting vanes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/004—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids by varying driving speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
- F04D27/0215—Arrangements therefor, e.g. bleed or by-pass valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
- F04D29/46—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable
- F04D29/462—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
- F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/70—Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning
- F04D29/701—Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a control method of a multi-compressor series-operation multi-shaft compressor unit system, which mainly solves the problems of low operation efficiency and complex compressor configuration of the existing compressors of the series-operation compressor unit. The system comprises a low-pressure unit, a high-pressure unit, a first output pipeline, a second output pipeline, a high-pressure anti-surge valve, a low-pressure anti-surge valve, a blow-off valve and a blow-off silencer; the low-pressure unit and the high-pressure unit are both multi-section multi-shaft centrifugal compressor units; the low-voltage unit is driven by a power frequency motor, the inlet of the low-voltage unit is communicated with the outside atmosphere, and the outlet of the low-voltage unit is respectively connected with the inlet of the high-voltage unit and the first output pipeline; the high-voltage unit is driven by the variable frequency motor, and an outlet of the high-voltage unit is connected with a second output pipeline; the inlet of the high-pressure anti-surge valve is connected with the outlet of the high-pressure unit, and the outlet is connected to a pipeline between the inlet of the high-pressure unit and the outlet of the regulating valve; the inlet of the low-pressure anti-surge valve is connected with the outlet of the low-pressure unit, and the outlet is communicated with the outside atmosphere.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of compressed air energy storage, and particularly relates to a multi-machine serial operation multi-shaft compressor unit system and a control method thereof.
Background
Because renewable energy power generation has intermittent and unstable characteristics, the power generation end, the power transmission and distribution end and the user end of the power grid are all provided with energy storage devices with great necessity. Compressed air energy storage systems are a hotspot technology in current research.
The basic principle of compressed air is as follows: and the motor consumes electric energy of the power grid to drive the compressor to compress air for work, and the pressure energy of the compressed air is stored. When the power grid is in a high-load period, the turbine expander is driven by high-pressure air to generate power. Compressed air can be stored through abandoned rock caves, pressure vessels and the like, and when the vessels are adopted, the capacity requirements on the vessels are higher and higher along with the increase of energy storage power. In order to reduce the requirement of the volume of the container or the rock cavern to the greatest extent, the pressure energy of the compressed air needs to be fully utilized in the process of generating electricity, and the change of the pressure energy of the compressed air from 10% to 100% can be realized in one-time energy storage and power generation process, so that the back pressure of the compressor is equivalent to the change process from 10% to 100% in the process of storing the energy of the compressed air.
Because the final pressure of the stored energy is generally high and is generally more than 10MPa, a plurality of compressors are often required to work simultaneously to achieve the aim. However, the pressure in the energy storage container is low when the compressor is initially operated, and usually 1 compressor is needed. However, as the energy storage proceeds, subsequent compressors are required to be gradually incorporated into the compression sequence, and since the time of the energy storage cycle is very limited, rapid and reliable incorporation and rapid load establishment are required, and in order to reduce the man-made operations, it is also required to realize intelligent automatic control requirements.
The existing compressors used in industry have a plurality of series connection applications, but the working condition is constant (namely, the back pressure is constant), and the frequent start-stop condition of daily start-stop is not existed, so that when the compressors in series connection work in the operation mode, the operation efficiency of the compressors is low, the configuration of the compressors is complex, and the practical use is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low operation efficiency and complex compressor configuration of the existing serial compressor unit, and provides a multi-compressor serial operation multi-shaft compressor unit system and a control method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-compressor series-operation multi-shaft compressor unit system comprises a low-pressure unit, a high-pressure unit, a first output pipeline, a second output pipeline, a high-pressure anti-surge valve, a low-pressure anti-surge valve, a blow-off valve and a blow-off silencer; the low-pressure unit and the high-pressure unit are multi-section multi-shaft centrifugal compressor units; the low-pressure unit is driven by a power frequency motor, an inlet of the low-pressure unit is communicated with the outside atmosphere through a flow regulating device, an outlet of the low-pressure unit is respectively connected with an inlet of the high-pressure unit and a first output pipeline, and a check valve, a third stop valve and a regulating valve connected in parallel with the third stop valve are arranged on a pipeline between the outlet of the low-pressure unit and the inlet of the high-pressure unit; the first output pipeline is connected with the high-pressure air storage tank through a first one-way valve and a first cut-off valve; the high-voltage unit is driven by the variable frequency motor, an outlet of the high-voltage unit is connected with a second output pipeline, and the second output pipeline is connected with a high-pressure air storage tank through a second cut-off valve and a second one-way valve; the inlet of the high-pressure anti-surge valve is connected with the outlet of the high-pressure unit, and the outlet of the high-pressure anti-surge valve is connected to a pipeline between the inlet of the high-pressure unit and the outlet of the regulating valve; the inlet of the low-pressure anti-surge valve is connected with the outlet of the low-pressure unit, and the outlet of the low-pressure anti-surge valve is communicated with the outside atmosphere; and an inlet of the emptying valve is connected with an outlet of the high-pressure unit, and an outlet of the emptying valve is communicated with the outside atmosphere through an emptying silencer.
Further, the low-pressure unit is a six-section type multi-shaft centrifugal compressor unit, and the high-pressure unit is a two-section type multi-shaft centrifugal compressor unit.
Further, the flow regulating device is a guide vane.
Further, the system also comprises eight heat exchangers arranged between two adjacent sections of compressors in the low-pressure unit and the high-pressure unit and on the first output pipeline and the second output pipeline.
Further, an air filter is arranged at the inlet of the low-pressure unit.
Further, the first output pipeline and the second output pipeline are both provided with outlet flow meters.
Further, the outlets of the first output pipeline and the second output pipeline are connected with a high-pressure air storage tank through an output main pipeline, and an outlet flowmeter is arranged on the output main pipeline.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a multi-machine serial operation multi-shaft compressor set system control method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, the guide vane is in small opening degree, the low-pressure anti-surge valve 6 is fully opened, the low-pressure unit 1 is started at power frequency or at variable frequency, the guide vane is slowly opened after the start is completed, the low-pressure anti-surge valve 6 is slowly closed, the constant flow of the high-pressure air storage tank 15 is inflated through the first output pipeline 3, and the initial pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank 15 is 3-4 MPa;
step two, starting a high-voltage unit through a) a low-voltage starting process or b) a starting process with pressure;
a) When the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank exceeds 4.0-5.0 MPa, the check valve is automatically opened, meanwhile, the regulating valve is opened, part of air at the outlet of the low-pressure unit is input into the high-pressure unit, so that the high-pressure unit is in an inflated state, when the inflation pressure of the high-pressure unit reaches 2-5 bar, the high-pressure unit is inflated, and the regulating valve is closed; the high-pressure unit is started in a variable frequency mode, operates at the lowest working rotation speed, and the high-pressure anti-surge valve is in a full-open state;
in the running process of the low-pressure unit at the lowest working speed, the low-pressure unit still charges air to the high-pressure air storage tank through the first output pipeline, the regulating valve is opened, the air pressure in the high-pressure unit is equal to the exhaust pressure of the low-pressure unit, at the moment, the pressure in front of the valve of the third cut-off valve is equal to the pressure behind the valve of the third cut-off valve, the third cut-off valve is opened, the low-pressure unit and the high-pressure unit are completely conducted, at the moment, the guide vane at the inlet of the low-pressure unit is fully opened and works under the rated working condition, the high-pressure unit still charges air to the high-pressure air storage tank through the first output pipeline, and the charging flow is gradually reduced;
b) Opening an adjusting valve, after the high-pressure unit is inflated until the internal pressure of the high-pressure unit is equal to the exhaust pressure of the low-pressure unit, opening a third cut-off valve, completing the conduction between the low-pressure unit and the high-pressure unit, and then starting the high-pressure unit to a minimum running state through frequency conversion;
step three, slowly closing the high-pressure anti-surge valve, increasing the exhaust pressure of the high-pressure unit, and reducing the inlet flow of the low-pressure unit through the guide vane;
reducing the pressure of the outlet of the low-pressure unit and the inlet of the high-pressure unit until the high-pressure anti-surge valve is completely closed, and operating the high-pressure unit in a high-efficiency area; in the process, the high-pressure unit starts to charge air to the high-pressure air storage tank, the charging amount is gradually increased, and the low-pressure unit charges air to the high-pressure air storage tank to be gradually reduced until the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank closes the first one-way valve;
step four, slowly opening the guide vane along with the improvement of the inflation back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank, and gradually increasing the rotating speed of the high-pressure unit at the same time, so that the exhaust pressure of the high-pressure unit is continuously increased, and the compressor is always controlled to be under the set optimal inflation flow in the process;
and fifthly, closing the unit when the flow rate of the unit reaches the low inflation threshold along with the gradual increase of the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank, or closing the second one-way valve until the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank is closed, and completing inflation.
Further, the compression temperature of each section of the low-pressure unit and the high-pressure unit is controlled to be less than 150 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a compressed air energy storage unit without wide back pressure and with multiple compressors running in series, which can realize efficient operation of the compressor unit in the wide back pressure process, thereby improving the efficiency of an air energy storage system and enabling each compressor in the air charging process to be in an efficient working range in the whole process.
2. The system adopts a multi-section multi-shaft centrifugal compressor unit, the low-pressure unit adopts fixed rotation speed adjustment, the configuration cost of the compressor is low, and the high-efficiency inflation in a low-back pressure inflation area is realized through an independent inflation mode; meanwhile, the low-pressure unit can be operated in a normal time zone under a rated working condition and is efficient, and the wide back pressure change range is realized by completely controlling the high-pressure unit to adopt the optimal variable rotation speed adjustment in the middle of inflation to the subsequent process.
3. The low-voltage unit adopts a six-stage scheme, can reach a rated working state more quickly and output stable compression high-quality compression heat, and is convenient for compression heat recovery. The high-pressure unit is of a two-stage structure, only two stages of impellers are arranged, and the variable rotation speed can be easily matched for adjustment, so that the widest efficient working area is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a multi-compressor train system of the present invention having multiple compressors operating in series;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-compressor train implementation two of the multi-compressor series operation of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-low pressure unit, 2-high pressure unit, 3-first output pipeline, 4-second output pipeline, 5-high pressure anti-surge valve, 6-low pressure anti-surge valve, 7-blow valve, 8-blow silencer, 9-flow regulator, 10-check valve, 11-third trip valve, 12-regulating valve, 13-first check valve, 14-first trip valve, 15-high pressure air storage tank, 16-second trip valve, 17-second check valve, 18-heat exchanger, 19-air filter, 20-outlet flowmeter, 21-output main pipeline.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely for explaining the technical principles of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a multi-machine series-operation multi-shaft compressor unit system and a control method thereof, and the system and the method are a multi-machine series-connection wide back pressure system and an optimized control method, which aim at quick start and stop and realizing high efficiency in the whole operation process, reduce the working condition of emptying or backflow and improve the operation efficiency of a compressed air energy storage system.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the multi-machine tandem operation multi-shaft compressor set system provided by the embodiment comprises a low-pressure set 1, a high-pressure set 2, a first output pipeline 3, a second output pipeline 4, a high-pressure anti-surge valve 5, a low-pressure anti-surge valve 6, a blow-off valve 7 and a blow-off silencer 8; the low-pressure unit 1 and the high-pressure unit 2 are multi-section multi-shaft centrifugal compressor units; the low-voltage unit 1 is driven by a power frequency motor, the inlet of the low-voltage unit is communicated with the outside atmosphere through a flow regulating device 9 and an air filter 19, the outlet of the low-voltage unit is respectively connected with the inlet of the high-voltage unit 2 and a first output pipeline 3, and a check valve 10, a third cut-off valve 11 and a regulating valve 12 connected with the third cut-off valve 11 in parallel are arranged on a pipeline between the outlet of the low-voltage unit 1 and the inlet of the high-voltage unit 2; the first output pipeline 3 is connected with a high-pressure air storage tank 15 through a first check valve 13 and a first cut-off valve 14; the high-voltage unit 2 is driven by a variable frequency motor, the outlet of the high-voltage unit 2 is connected with a second output pipeline 4, and the second output pipeline 4 is connected with a high-pressure air storage tank 15 by a second cut-off valve 16 and a second one-way valve 17; the inlet of the high-pressure anti-surge valve 5 is connected with the outlet of the high-pressure unit 2 after passing through a heat exchanger 18, and the outlet of the high-pressure anti-surge valve 5 is connected on a pipeline between the inlet of the high-pressure unit 2 and the outlet of the regulating valve 12, namely, the outlet joint of the high-pressure anti-surge valve 5 is positioned at the downstream of the outlet of the regulating valve 12; the inlet of the low-pressure anti-surge valve 6 is connected with the outlet of the low-pressure unit 1, and the outlet of the low-pressure anti-surge valve 6 is communicated with the outside atmosphere; an inlet of the blow-down valve 7 is connected with an outlet of the high-pressure unit 2, and an outlet of the blow-down valve 7 is communicated with the outside atmosphere through a blow-down silencer 8.
According to the invention, the low-pressure unit 1 and the high-pressure unit 2 are both multi-section multi-shaft centrifugal compressor units, the low-pressure unit 1 adopts guide vane fixed rotation speed adjustment, the compressor configuration cost is low, and the high-efficiency inflation in a low-back pressure inflation area is realized through an independent inflation mode; through process configuration and reasonable pressure ratio distribution, the low-pressure unit 1 can be operated in a normal time zone under a rated working condition and is efficient, and the wide back pressure change range is realized by completely controlling the high-pressure unit 2 to adopt the optimal variable rotation speed adjustment in the middle of inflation to the subsequent process. Meanwhile, the low-voltage unit 1 does not need to adopt variable rotation speed adjustment, so that the setting of a frequency converter is reduced, and the cost is saved.
The low-pressure unit 1 and the high-pressure unit 2 are multi-section centrifugal compressor units, and in order to achieve higher compression efficiency, the compression temperature of each section of the compressor is controlled to be less than 150 ℃, and the cost is reduced by adopting the multi-section compressor and considering the reduction of the number of the compressors as much as possible. In this embodiment, the low-pressure unit 1 adopts a six-stage scheme, and the low-pressure six-stage scheme can make one-stage pressure ratio as much as possible, and can reach the rated working state faster to output stable and more compressed high-quality compression heat, so that more stable compression heat sources are obtained for recycling. Thus, the energy in the system can be recovered by eight heat exchangers 18 between two adjacent compressors in the low-pressure unit 1 and the high-pressure unit 2 and on the first output pipeline 3 and the second output pipeline 4. The high-pressure unit 2 is of a two-stage structure, only two stages of impellers are adopted, the variable rotation speed can be easily matched, the widest efficient working area is obtained, the simulation parameter range is achieved, the efficient running of the back pressure from 5 MPa to 10MPa can be achieved, and almost all available variable rotation speed intervals are completely utilized.
In this embodiment, the flow regulating means 9 may in particular be a vane. The guide vane can control the inflation speed, so that the damage to equipment of the high-pressure unit 2 caused by rapid inflation is avoided. The first output pipeline 3 and the second output pipeline 4 are respectively provided with an outlet flowmeter 20, and two outlet flowmeters 20 are arranged in total. Because the inflation can be fast or slow, the unit load lifting is required to be provided with a control variable, and the high-efficiency adjustment of the constant-flow gas transmission of the unit can be realized through the flow control output by the outlet flowmeter 20.
When the system of the invention is operated, the final energy storage pressure of the storage tank is set to be 9-11 MPa, the pressure is the optimal inflation pressure, and the initial energy storage working pressure is set to be 3-4 MPa. When the energy storage pressure exceeds 4.0-5.0 MPa, the high-voltage unit 2 needs to be in an intervening work, and at the moment, the low-voltage unit 1 works in a state of small flow and maximum pressure ratio, the low-voltage unit 1 operates at the highest rotating speed, and the operating point is close to an anti-surge line; the pipeline of the outlet of the low-pressure unit 1, which is led to the inlet of the high-pressure unit 2, is separated from the gas paths of the two units by a third cut-off valve 11, so that the compressor of the high-pressure unit 2 is not affected when the compressor of the low-pressure unit 1 works independently. With the operation of the low-pressure unit 1, the anti-surge valve of the low-pressure unit 1 may be opened to achieve a constant outlet pressure of the compressor of the low-pressure unit 1. The mode can realize that the compression work consumed by unit effective compressed air is the lowest, and realize that the unit effective compressed air runs in an automatic loading and stringing machine.
When the low-pressure unit 1 works close to the maximum pressure ratio, the bypass valve (i.e. the regulating valve 12) of the third cut-off valve 11 at the outlet of the low-pressure unit 1 is opened until the third cut-off valve 11 is fully opened, and the high-pressure unit 2 and the pipeline are filled with air with the pressure equal to the outlet of the low-pressure unit 1; at this time, the low pressure unit 1 is operated, and the high pressure anti-surge valve 5 is opened and maintained at a certain opening degree. Because the pressure ratio is insufficient, the energy storage and inflation are temporarily stopped. The high-pressure unit 2 is started to the minimum working rotation speed, and then the anti-surge valve is continuously closed to gradually establish the pressure ratio, and the process is explained in detail by the following steps, namely the multi-machine series-operation multi-shaft compressor unit system control method provided by the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, the guide vane is in small opening degree, the low-pressure anti-surge valve 6 is fully opened, the low-pressure unit 1 is started at power frequency or at variable frequency, the guide vane is slowly opened after the start is completed, the low-pressure anti-surge valve 6 is slowly closed, the constant flow of the high-pressure air storage tank 15 is inflated through the first output pipeline 3, and the initial pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank 15 is 3-4 MPa;
when in initial charging, the inlet guide vane of the low-pressure unit 1 has a small degree of relativity; at the moment, flow signals of the first output pipeline 3 and the second output pipeline 4 of the high-pressure air storage tank 15 are collected, and according to the flow signals, guide vanes are gradually opened in the air charging process, so that the low-pressure unit 1 is inflated by adopting constant flow to realize high-efficiency air charging;
step two, starting the high-pressure unit 2 through a low-pressure starting process;
when the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank 15 exceeds 4.0-5.0 MPa (different compressor working performance differences and back pressure value changes), the check valve 10 is automatically opened (the check valve 10 is in an automatic opening state due to the working of the low-pressure unit 1), meanwhile, the regulating valve 12 is opened, part of air at the outlet of the low-pressure unit 1 is input into the high-pressure unit 2, so that the high-pressure unit 2 is in an inflated state, the inflation pressure of the high-pressure unit is in a low-pressure state, and when the inflation pressure of the high-pressure unit 2 reaches 2-5 bar, the high-pressure unit 2 is inflated, and the regulating valve 12 is closed; the high-pressure unit 2 is started in a variable frequency mode and operates at the lowest working rotation speed, and the high-pressure anti-surge valve 5 is in a full-open state in the process;
in the running process of the low-pressure unit 2 at the lowest working speed, the low-pressure unit 1 still charges air to the high-pressure air storage tank 15 through the first output pipeline 3, the regulating valve 12 is opened, the air pressure in the high-pressure unit 2 is charged to be equal to the exhaust pressure of the low-pressure unit 1, at the moment, the pressure in front of the valve of the third cut-off valve 11 is equal to the pressure behind the valve, the third cut-off valve 11 is opened, the low-pressure unit 1 and the high-pressure unit 2 are completely conducted, at the moment, the guide vanes at the inlet of the low-pressure unit are fully opened and work under the rated working condition, the high-pressure unit 2 runs at the minimum working speed, and the low-pressure unit 1 still charges air to the high-pressure air storage tank 15 through the first output pipeline 3 and gradually reduces the charging flow;
step three, slowly closing the high-pressure anti-surge valve 5, increasing the exhaust pressure of the high-pressure unit 2, reducing the inlet flow of the low-pressure unit 1 through the guide vane, and reducing the inlet pressure of the low-pressure unit 1 and the high-pressure unit 2 until the high-pressure anti-surge valve 5 is completely closed, and operating the high-pressure unit 2 in a high-efficiency area; at this time, the inlet guide vane of the low-pressure unit 1 has a small degree of relativity;
in the process, the high-pressure unit 2 starts to charge the high-pressure air storage tank 15, the charging amount is gradually increased, and the low-pressure unit 1 charges the high-pressure air storage tank 15 to be gradually reduced until the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank 15 closes the first one-way valve 13;
step four, as the inflation back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank 15 is increased, slowly opening the guide vane, and gradually increasing the rotating speed of the high-pressure unit 2 at the same time, so that the exhaust pressure of the high-pressure unit 2 is continuously increased; in order to realize efficient operation of the compressor, the compressor is always controlled to be under the optimal inflation flow according to flow signals on the first output pipeline 3 and the second output pipeline 4 of the high-pressure air storage tank 15, so that high efficiency is obtained;
and fifthly, with the gradual increase of the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank 15, closing the unit when the unit flow reaches the inflation low threshold after the high-pressure unit 2 gradually reaches the rated rotation speed, or closing the second one-way valve 17 until the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank 15 is closed, and completing inflation.
Example two
As shown in fig. 2, this embodiment is basically the same as the system configuration of the first embodiment, except that the outlets of the first output line 3 and the second output line 4 are connected to the high-pressure air tank 15 through the output main line 21, and the output main line 21 is provided with the outlet flow meter 20, which can reduce the configuration of the outlet flow meter 20, so that the cost of the system is further reduced. The multi-compressor series operation multi-shaft compressor unit system control method provided by the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, the guide vane is in small opening degree, the low-pressure anti-surge valve 6 is fully opened, the low-pressure unit 1 is started at power frequency or at variable frequency, the guide vane is slowly opened after the start is completed, the low-pressure anti-surge valve 6 is slowly closed, the constant flow of the high-pressure air storage tank 15 is inflated through the first output pipeline 3, and the initial pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank 15 is 3-4 MPa;
when in initial charging, the inlet guide vane of the low-pressure unit 1 has a small degree of relativity; at the moment, flow signals of the first output pipeline 3 and the second output pipeline 4 of the high-pressure air storage tank 15 are collected, and according to the flow signals, guide vanes are gradually opened in the air charging process, so that the low-pressure unit 1 is inflated by adopting constant flow to realize high-efficiency air charging;
step two, the high-pressure unit 2 can be started under pressure, and the operation of secondarily opening the guide vanes is omitted by the under-pressure starter, but the starting moment is larger;
opening the regulating valve 12, after the high-pressure unit 2 is inflated until the internal pressure of the high-pressure unit 2 is equal to the exhaust pressure of the low-pressure unit 1, opening the third cut-off valve 11, completing the conduction between the low-pressure unit 1 and the high-pressure unit 2, and then starting the high-pressure unit 2 to a minimum running state through frequency conversion;
step three, slowly closing the high-pressure anti-surge valve 5, increasing the exhaust pressure of the high-pressure unit 2, reducing the inlet flow of the low-pressure unit 1 through the guide vane, and reducing the inlet pressure of the low-pressure unit 1 and the high-pressure unit 2 until the high-pressure anti-surge valve 5 is completely closed, and operating the high-pressure unit 2 in a high-efficiency area; at this time, the inlet guide vane of the low-pressure unit 1 has a small degree of relativity;
in the process, the high-pressure unit 2 starts to charge the high-pressure air storage tank 15, the charging amount is gradually increased, and the low-pressure unit 1 charges the high-pressure air storage tank 15 to be gradually reduced until the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank 15 closes the first one-way valve 13;
step four, as the inflation back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank 15 is increased, slowly opening the guide vane, and gradually increasing the rotating speed of the high-pressure unit 2 at the same time, so that the exhaust pressure of the high-pressure unit 2 is continuously increased; in order to realize efficient operation of the compressor, the compressor is always controlled to be under the optimal inflation flow according to flow signals on the first output pipeline 3 and the second output pipeline 4 of the high-pressure air storage tank 15, so that high efficiency is obtained;
and fifthly, with the gradual increase of the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank 15, closing the unit when the unit flow reaches the inflation low threshold after the high-pressure unit 2 gradually reaches the rated rotation speed, or closing the second one-way valve 17 until the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank 15 is closed, and completing inflation.
Claims (8)
1. A control method of a multi-compressor unit system with multiple compressors running in series comprises a low-pressure unit (1), a high-pressure unit (2), a first output pipeline (3), a second output pipeline (4), a high-pressure anti-surge valve (5), a low-pressure anti-surge valve (6), a blow-down valve (7) and a blow-down silencer (8);
the low-pressure unit (1) and the high-pressure unit (2) are multi-section multi-shaft centrifugal compressor units;
the low-pressure unit (1) is driven by a power frequency motor, an inlet of the low-pressure unit is communicated with the outside atmosphere through a flow regulating device (9), an outlet of the low-pressure unit is respectively connected with an inlet of the high-pressure unit (2) and a first output pipeline (3), and a check valve (10), a third cut-off valve (11) and a regulating valve (12) connected with the third cut-off valve (11) in parallel are arranged on a pipeline between the outlet of the low-pressure unit (1) and the inlet of the high-pressure unit (2);
the first output pipeline (3) is connected with a high-pressure air storage tank (15) through a first one-way valve (13) and a first cut-off valve (14);
the high-pressure unit (2) is driven by a variable frequency motor, an outlet of the high-pressure unit (2) is connected with a second output pipeline (4), and the second output pipeline (4) is connected with a high-pressure air storage tank (15) through a second one-way valve (17) and a second cut-off valve (16);
the inlet of the high-pressure anti-surge valve (5) is connected with the outlet of the high-pressure unit (2), and the outlet of the high-pressure anti-surge valve (5) is connected to a pipeline between the inlet of the high-pressure unit (2) and the outlet of the regulating valve (12);
the inlet of the low-pressure anti-surge valve (6) is connected with the outlet of the low-pressure unit (1), and the outlet of the low-pressure anti-surge valve (6) is communicated with the outside atmosphere;
an inlet of the air release valve (7) is connected with an outlet of the high-pressure unit (2), and an outlet of the air release valve (7) is communicated with the outside atmosphere through an air release silencer (8);
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, the guide vane is in small opening degree, the low-pressure anti-surge valve (6) is fully opened, the low-pressure unit (1) is started at power frequency or at variable frequency, the guide vane is slowly opened after the start is completed, the low-pressure anti-surge valve (6) is slowly closed, the high-pressure air storage tank (15) is inflated at constant flow through the first output pipeline (3), and the initial pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank (15) is 3-4 MPa;
step two, starting the high-pressure unit (2) through a) a low-pressure starting process or b) a pressurized starting process;
a) When the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank (15) exceeds 4.0-5.0 MPa, the check valve (10) is automatically opened, meanwhile, the regulating valve (12) is opened, part of air at the outlet of the low-pressure unit (1) is input into the high-pressure unit (2), the high-pressure unit (2) is in an inflated state, when the inflation pressure of the high-pressure unit (2) reaches 2-5 bar, the high-pressure unit (2) is inflated, and the regulating valve (12) is closed; the high-pressure unit (2) is started in a variable frequency mode, operates at the lowest working rotation speed, and the high-pressure anti-surge valve (5) is in a full-open state;
in the running process of the low-pressure unit (2) at the lowest working speed, the low-pressure unit (1) still charges air to the high-pressure air storage tank (15) through the first output pipeline (3), the regulating valve (12) is opened, the air pressure in the high-pressure unit (2) is charged to be equal to the exhaust pressure of the low-pressure unit (1), at the moment, the pressure in front of the valve of the third cut-off valve (11) is equal to the pressure behind the valve, the third cut-off valve (11) is opened, the low-pressure unit (1) and the high-pressure unit (2) are completely conducted, at the moment, the guide vanes at the inlet of the low-pressure unit are fully opened and work at the rated working speed, the high-pressure unit (2) runs at the minimum working speed, the low-pressure unit (1) still charges air to the high-pressure air storage tank (15) through the first output pipeline (3), and the charging flow is gradually reduced;
b) Opening an adjusting valve (12), after the high-pressure unit (2) is inflated until the internal pressure of the high-pressure unit (2) is equal to the exhaust pressure of the low-pressure unit (1), opening a third cut-off valve (11), completing the conduction between the low-pressure unit (1) and the high-pressure unit (2), and then starting the high-pressure unit (2) to a minimum running state through frequency conversion;
step three, slowly closing a high-pressure anti-surge valve (5), increasing the exhaust pressure of the high-pressure unit (2), and reducing the inlet flow of the low-pressure unit (1) through a guide vane; reducing the pressure of an outlet of the low-pressure unit (1) and the pressure of an inlet of the high-pressure unit (2) until the high-pressure anti-surge valve (5) is completely closed, and operating the high-pressure unit (2) in a high-efficiency area; in the process, the high-pressure unit (2) starts to charge the high-pressure air storage tank (15), the charging amount is gradually increased, and the low-pressure unit (1) gradually reduces the charging amount of the high-pressure air storage tank (15) until the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank (15) closes the first one-way valve (13);
step four, as the inflation back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank (15) is improved, slowly opening the guide vane, and gradually increasing the rotating speed of the high-pressure unit (2) at the same time, so that the exhaust pressure of the high-pressure unit (2) is continuously increased, and the compressor is always controlled to be under the set optimal inflation flow in the process;
and fifthly, with the gradual increase of the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank (15), when the inflation flow reaches the inflation low threshold, closing the low-pressure set (1) and the high-pressure set (2), or closing the second one-way valve (17) until the back pressure of the high-pressure air storage tank (15) is closed, and completing inflation.
2. The control method of a multi-machine tandem operation multi-shaft compressor train system according to claim 1, wherein: the compression temperature of each section of the low-pressure unit (1) and the high-pressure unit (2) is controlled to be less than 150 ℃.
3. The control method of a multi-machine tandem operation multi-shaft compressor train system according to claim 1, wherein: the low-pressure unit (1) is a six-section multi-shaft centrifugal compressor unit, and the high-pressure unit (2) is a two-section multi-shaft centrifugal compressor unit.
4. The control method of a multi-machine tandem operation multi-shaft compressor train system according to claim 1, wherein: the flow regulating device (9) is a guide vane.
5. A method of controlling a multi-machine tandem operation multi-axis compressor rack system as in any one of claims 1-4 wherein: the device also comprises eight heat exchangers (18) which are arranged between two adjacent sections of compressors in the low-pressure unit (1) and the high-pressure unit (2) and on the first output pipeline (3) and the second output pipeline (4).
6. The method for controlling a multi-machine tandem operation multi-axis compressor rack system of claim 5, wherein: an air filter (19) is further arranged at the inlet of the low-pressure unit (1).
7. The method for controlling a multi-machine tandem operation multi-axis compressor rack system of claim 6, wherein: the first output pipeline (3) and the second output pipeline (4) are both provided with an outlet flowmeter (20).
8. The method for controlling a multi-machine tandem operation multi-axis compressor rack system of claim 7, wherein: the outlets of the first output pipeline (3) and the second output pipeline (4) are connected with a high-pressure air storage tank (15) through an output main pipeline (21), and an outlet flowmeter (20) is arranged on the output main pipeline (21).
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