CN113881660B - Carbon-based material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in fruit and vegetable waste treatment - Google Patents
Carbon-based material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in fruit and vegetable waste treatment Download PDFInfo
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- CN113881660B CN113881660B CN202111121727.1A CN202111121727A CN113881660B CN 113881660 B CN113881660 B CN 113881660B CN 202111121727 A CN202111121727 A CN 202111121727A CN 113881660 B CN113881660 B CN 113881660B
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- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241001148471 unidentified anaerobic bacterium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 241001074903 Methanobacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/14—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an inorganic carrier
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
- C01B32/324—Preparation characterised by the starting materials from waste materials, e.g. tyres or spent sulfite pulp liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/336—Preparation characterised by gaseous activating agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
- C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
- C12P5/023—Methane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection material preparation, and particularly discloses a carbon-based material, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in fruit and vegetable waste treatment. The preparation method of the carbon-based material comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing corn stalk powder and coking coal powder to obtain mixed material; (2) Soaking the mixed raw materials in a mixed acid solution for 3-6 hours, taking out and washing to be neutral; (3) Carbonizing the raw material soaked by the mixed acid solution for 2-4 hours at the temperature of 400-450 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen; then the temperature is increased to 800-900 ℃ for carbonization for 3-6 hours; (4) Introducing water vapor, and activating for 30-60 min at 800-900 ℃ to obtain an activated carbon adsorption material; (5) And (3) putting the activated carbon adsorption material into bacterial liquid to soak for 5-10 d, and taking out to obtain the carbon-based material. The carbon-based material can greatly fix anaerobic bacteria, and can promote the anaerobic bacteria to improve the gas yield and the volatile solid content removal rate of waste fruits and vegetables.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection material preparation, in particular to a carbon-based material, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in fruit and vegetable waste treatment.
Background
The fruit and vegetable waste comprises fruit waste and vegetable waste; fruit waste includes discarded fruit after decay and fruit residues after eating; the vegetable waste is waste such as straw, vine, root, stem leaf and rotten fruit and the like generated in the vegetable planting and processing process.
The improper treatment of the fruit and vegetable wastes can cause environmental pollution; therefore, the treatment of fruit and vegetable waste is one of the environmental problems to be solved urgently. At present, the modes of landfill, incineration, high-temperature composting, fermentation and the like are common methods for treating fruit and vegetable wastes. However, the existing fermentation mode has the problems of long fermentation time, low volatile solid content removal rate, low gas yield and the like when the fruit and vegetable waste is treated. If one of the above technical problems can be successfully solved, the fermentation method can obtain better economic benefit in the treatment of vegetable and fruit waste.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a carbon-based material.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a carbon-based material, comprising the steps of:
(1) Mixing corn stalk powder and coking coal powder to obtain mixed material;
(2) Soaking the mixed raw materials in a mixed acid solution for 3-6 hours, taking out and washing to be neutral;
(3) The raw materials soaked by the mixed acid solution are carbonized for 2 to 4 hours at the temperature of 400 to 450 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen; then the temperature is increased to 800-900 ℃ for carbonization for 3-6 hours;
(4) Introducing water vapor, and activating at 800-900 ℃ for 30-60 min to obtain an activated carbon adsorption material;
(5) And (3) putting the activated carbon adsorption material into bacterial liquid to soak for 5-10 d, and taking out to obtain the carbon-based material.
The inventors have surprisingly found in experiments that: the active carbon adsorption material prepared from the corn stalk powder and the coke coal powder can greatly fix anaerobic bacteria, and can promote the anaerobic bacteria to improve the gas production and the volatile solid content removal rate of waste fruits and vegetables.
Preferably, in the step (1), the weight ratio of the corn stalk powder to the coke powder is 1:2-4.
Most preferably, the weight ratio of the corn stalk powder to the coke powder in the step (1) is 1:3.
Preferably, the grain diameter of the corn stalk powder in the step (1) is 0.1-0.3 cm, and the grain diameter of the coke powder is 200-400 mu m.
Most preferably, the grain size of the corn stalk powder in the step (1) is 0.2cm, and the grain size of the coke powder is 300 μm.
Preferably, the mixed acid solution in the step (2) is a mixed acid solution composed of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, and the volume ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid to the concentrated nitric acid is 1-3:1.
Preferably, in the step (3), the temperature is increased to 400-450 ℃ at a speed of 5-10 ℃/min for carbonization for 2-4 hours; then the temperature is increased to 800-900 ℃ at a speed of 3-5 ℃/min for carbonization for 3-6 h.
Preferably, in the step (3), the temperature is increased to 420 ℃ at a speed of 8 ℃/min for carbonization for 3 hours; the temperature was then increased to 850℃at a rate of 4℃per minute for carbonization for 5 hours.
Preferably, in the step (4), steam is introduced, and activated for 40min at 850 ℃ to obtain the activated carbon adsorption material.
The inventor further discovers in the study that the specific condition parameters of carbonization play an important role in improving the gas yield and the volatile solid content removal rate of the waste fruits and vegetables of the prepared carbon-based material; research shows that the carbonization under the above conditions yields carbon-based materials with higher gas yield and volatile solids content removal rate.
Preferably, the bacterial liquid in the step (5) is a bacterial liquid containing anaerobic bacteria.
Most preferably, the anaerobic bacteria are methanobacteria.
The invention also provides the carbon-based material prepared by the preparation method.
The invention also provides application of the carbon-based material in fruit and vegetable waste treatment.
The carbon-based material can be adhered to a fiber membrane in the fruit and vegetable waste treatment process, and is placed in a fermentation tank through the fiber membrane for fermenting fruit and vegetable waste.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention provides a novel carbon-based material prepared by the method, which can greatly fix anaerobic bacteria, promote the anaerobic bacteria to increase the gas production and increase the volatile solid content removal rate of waste fruits and vegetables.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further explained below with reference to specific examples, which are not intended to limit the present invention in any way.
The bacterial liquid in the following examples is prepared as follows: 1g of methanobacteria is taken and added into 1L of LB liquid medium to be uniformly mixed, and then the bacterial liquid is obtained.
Example 1 preparation of carbon-based Material
(1) Mixing corn stalk powder with the grain size of 0.2cm and coking coal powder with the grain size of 300 mu m to obtain a mixed raw material; wherein the weight ratio of the corn stalk powder to the coke powder is 1:3;
(2) Soaking the mixed raw materials in a mixed acid solution (the volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to concentrated nitric acid is 2:1) for 5 hours, taking out, and washing to be neutral;
(3) Under the protection of nitrogen, the raw materials soaked in the mixed acid solution are carbonized for 3 hours at the temperature of 420 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min; then the temperature is increased to 850 ℃ at a speed of 4 ℃/min for carbonization for 5 hours;
(4) Introducing water vapor, and activating at 850 ℃ for 40min to obtain an activated carbon adsorption material;
(5) And (3) putting the activated carbon adsorption material into bacterial liquid, soaking for 7d at the temperature of 30 ℃, and taking out to obtain the carbon-based material.
Example 2 preparation of carbon-based Material
(1) Mixing corn stalk powder with the grain size of 0.1cm and coking coal powder with the grain size of 400 mu m to obtain a mixed raw material; wherein the weight ratio of the corn stalk powder to the coke powder is 1:2;
(2) Soaking the mixed raw materials in a mixed acid solution (the volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to concentrated nitric acid is 1:1) for 3 hours, taking out, and washing to be neutral;
(3) Under the protection of nitrogen, the raw materials soaked in the mixed acid solution are carbonized for 4 hours at the temperature of 400 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min; then the temperature is increased to 900 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min for carbonization for 5 hours;
(4) Introducing water vapor, and activating at 900 ℃ for 30min to obtain an activated carbon adsorption material;
(5) And (3) putting the activated carbon adsorption material into bacterial liquid, soaking for 7d at the temperature of 30 ℃, and taking out to obtain the carbon-based material.
EXAMPLE 3 preparation of carbon-based Material
(1) Mixing corn straw powder with the grain diameter of 0.3cm and coking coal powder with the grain diameter of 200 mu m to obtain a mixed raw material; wherein the weight ratio of the corn stalk powder to the coke powder is 1:4;
(2) Soaking the mixed raw materials in a mixed acid solution (the volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to concentrated nitric acid is 1:1) for 3 hours, taking out, and washing to be neutral;
(3) Under the protection of nitrogen, the raw materials soaked in the mixed acid solution are carbonized for 2 hours at the temperature of 450 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min; then the temperature is increased to 800 ℃ at a speed of 3 ℃/min for carbonization for 6 hours;
(4) Introducing water vapor, and activating at 800 ℃ for 60min to obtain an activated carbon adsorption material;
(5) And (3) putting the activated carbon adsorption material into bacterial liquid, soaking for 7d at the temperature of 30 ℃, and taking out to obtain the carbon-based material.
Comparative example 1 preparation of carbon-based Material
(1) Taking corn stalk powder with the grain diameter of 0.2 cm;
(2) Soaking corn stalk powder in mixed acid solution (with the volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to concentrated nitric acid being 2:1) for 5h, taking out, and washing to neutrality;
(3) Under the protection of nitrogen, raising the temperature of the corn stalk powder soaked by the mixed acid solution to 420 ℃ at a speed of 8 ℃/min for carbonization for 3 hours; then the temperature is increased to 850 ℃ at a speed of 4 ℃/min for carbonization for 5 hours;
(4) Introducing water vapor, and activating at 850 ℃ for 40min to obtain an activated carbon adsorption material;
(5) And (3) putting the activated carbon adsorption material into bacterial liquid, soaking for 7d at the temperature of 30 ℃, and taking out to obtain the carbon-based material.
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that example 1 is a carbon-based material prepared from corn stalk powder and pulverized coke; whereas comparative example 1 prepared a carbon-based material using only corn stalk powder as a raw material.
Comparative example 2 preparation of carbon-based Material
(1) Taking coke breeze with the grain diameter of 0.2 cm;
(2) Soaking coking coal powder in a mixed acid solution (the volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to concentrated nitric acid is 2:1) for 5 hours, taking out, and washing to neutrality;
(3) Under the protection of nitrogen, raising the temperature of the coke powder soaked by the mixed acid solution to 420 ℃ at a speed of 8 ℃/min for carbonization for 3 hours; then the temperature is increased to 850 ℃ at a speed of 4 ℃/min for carbonization for 5 hours;
(4) Introducing water vapor, and activating at 850 ℃ for 40min to obtain an activated carbon adsorption material;
(5) And (3) putting the activated carbon adsorption material into bacterial liquid, soaking for 7d at the temperature of 30 ℃, and taking out to obtain the carbon-based material.
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that example 1 is a carbon-based material prepared from corn stalk powder and pulverized coke; whereas comparative example 2 prepared a carbon-based material using only coking coal powder as a raw material.
Comparative example 3 preparation of carbon-based Material
(1) Mixing corn stalk powder with the grain size of 0.2cm and coking coal powder with the grain size of 300 mu m to obtain a mixed raw material; wherein the weight ratio of the corn stalk powder to the coke powder is 1:3;
(2) Soaking the mixed raw materials in a mixed acid solution (the volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to concentrated nitric acid is 2:1) for 5 hours, taking out, and washing to be neutral;
(3) Under the protection of nitrogen, the raw materials soaked in the mixed acid solution are carbonized for 3 hours at the temperature of 420 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min; then the temperature is increased to 850 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min for carbonization for 5 hours;
(4) Introducing water vapor, and activating at 850 ℃ for 40min to obtain an activated carbon adsorption material;
(5) And (3) putting the activated carbon adsorption material into bacterial liquid, soaking for 7d at the temperature of 30 ℃, and taking out to obtain the carbon-based material.
Comparative example 3 differs from example 1 in the rate of temperature increase in carbonization conditions; example 1 is: heating to 420 ℃ at a speed of 8 ℃/min, and carbonizing for 3 hours; then the temperature is increased to 850 ℃ at a speed of 4 ℃/min for carbonization for 5 hours; whereas comparative example 3 is: heating to 420 ℃ at a speed of 4 ℃/min, and carbonizing for 3 hours; the temperature was then increased to 850℃at a rate of 8℃per minute for carbonization for 5h.
Experimental example
After the vegetable and fruit waste is crushed, the vegetable and fruit waste is divided into 4 parts with 1kg each part; respectively placing vegetables into 4 fermentation tanks, respectively adding 2L of water, and adding the carbon-based materials prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3, wherein the weight of the carbon-based materials is 5% of that of the waste fruits and vegetables; controlling the temperature at 35 ℃ and fermenting for 7 days; the gas produced is collected during the fermentation process. After 7 days of fermentation, calculating the gas production rate and the removal rate of volatile solid content; the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Experimental results of carbon-based materials treating fruit and vegetable wastes
| Gas production rate | Removal rate of volatile solids content | |
| Example 1 carbon-based materials | 403mL/g | 99％ |
| Example 2 carbon-based materials | 388mL/g | 95％ |
| EXAMPLE 3 carbon-basedMaterial | 375mL/g | 91％ |
| Comparative example 1 carbon-based material | 252mL/g | 73％ |
| Comparative example 2 carbon-based material | 211mL/g | 69％ |
| Comparative example 3 carbon-based material | 306mL/g | 82％ |
As can be seen from the experimental results in Table 1, the carbon-based materials prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention have a gas production rate of more than 375mL/g and a volatile solid content removal rate of more than 90%; this demonstrates that the carbon-based material of the present invention has a higher gas yield and a higher volatile solids removal rate; the high gas yield can generate a large amount of methane, so that the economic benefit is improved; the removal rate of the volatile solid content is high, which indicates that the treatment capacity of the fruit and vegetable waste is strong.
As can be seen from the experimental results of table 1, the carbon-based materials prepared in comparative examples 1 and 2 have much lower gas production rate and lower volatile solid content removal rate than those of example 1; this illustrates: the carbon-based material prepared by taking the coke coal powder or the corn stalk powder as the raw material has low gas production rate and volatile solid content removal rate; however, the corn stalk powder and the coking coal powder are combined to prepare the carbon-based material as raw materials, so that the gas production rate and the removal rate of volatile solid content of the carbon-based material can be greatly improved.
As can be seen from the experimental results in table 1, the carbon-based material prepared in comparative example 3 has a much smaller gas production rate and a much smaller volatile solid content removal rate than in example 1; this illustrates: the heating speed in the specific carbonization condition plays an important role in improving the gas yield and the volatile solid content removal rate of the waste fruits and vegetables; only the carbon-based material prepared under the heating condition provided by the invention has excellent gas production rate and volatile solid content removal rate; the carbon-based material prepared under other heating conditions does not have excellent gas production rate and volatile solid content removal rate.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the carbon-based material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Mixing corn stalk powder and coking coal powder to obtain mixed material;
(2) Soaking the mixed raw materials in a mixed acid solution for 3-6 hours, taking out and washing to be neutral;
(3) Under the protection of nitrogen, heating the raw materials soaked by the mixed acid solution to 400-450 ℃ at a speed of 5-10 ℃/min, and carbonizing for 2-4 hours; then raising the temperature to 800-900 ℃ at a speed of 3-5 ℃/min, and carbonizing for 3-6 h;
(4) Introducing water vapor, and activating at 800-900 ℃ for 30-60 min to obtain an activated carbon adsorption material;
(5) And (3) putting the activated carbon adsorption material into bacterial liquid, soaking for 5-10 d, and taking out to obtain the carbon-based material.
2. The method for preparing a carbon-based material according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the corn stalk powder to the coke powder in the step (1) is 1:2-4.
3. The method for producing a carbon-based material according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the corn stalk powder in the step (1) is 0.1 to 0.3cm, and the particle size of the pulverized coke is 200 to 400. Mu.m.
4. The method for producing a carbon-based material according to claim 1, wherein the mixed acid solution in the step (2) is a mixed acid solution composed of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, and the volume ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid to the concentrated nitric acid is 1 to 3:1.
5. The method for producing a carbon-based material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the temperature is raised to 420 ℃ at a rate of 8 ℃/min for carbonization for 3 hours; the temperature was then increased to 850℃at a rate of 4℃per minute for carbonization for 5 hours.
6. The method for preparing a carbon-based material according to claim 1, wherein steam is introduced in the step (4), and activated for 40min at 850 ℃ to obtain an activated carbon adsorption material.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the bacterial liquid in the step (5) is a bacterial liquid containing anaerobic bacteria.
8. The carbon-based material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The use of the carbon-based material of claim 8 in the treatment of fruit and vegetable waste.
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