CN113880638A - 一种基于餐厨沼液的水稻浸种剂及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种基于餐厨沼液的水稻浸种剂及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于餐厨沼液的水稻浸种剂，包括以下质量份数的原料：餐厨沼液1‑25份、蛇床子素0.01‑0.2份、甲壳素0.1‑2份、水75‑100份；所述餐厨沼液中的氯化钠含量为1.14‑1.86％；还公开了该水稻浸种剂的制备方法及应用。本发明采用餐厨沼液配合生物农药，对自然环境安全友好；采用的餐厨沼液含有腐殖酸、氨基酸、维生素、微量元素及抗生素等，具有促进植物生长和一定的杀菌作用；同时，采用的生物农药具有杀菌杀虫的双重作用，有效简化了浸种剂的配制步骤。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及浸种剂领域，尤其是涉及一种基于餐厨沼液的水稻浸种剂及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
随着我国经济的高速发展，城市化进程不断加快，城市人口数量不断上升，有机废弃物已成为影响环境质量的一个重要问题。其中，餐厨垃圾是有机废弃物的重要组成部分，其所占比重正逐年上升。如何处理产量日益增长的餐厨垃圾成为了近年来的热门研究问题，多数学者普遍倾向于将餐厨垃圾资源化利用，而采用厌氧发酵技术对餐厨垃圾进行堆肥化处理是当前技术难度相对较低且效率较高的方式。餐厨垃圾堆肥化所形成的产物主要有沼渣与沼液，其中餐厨沼液包含了厌氧发酵产物中88％的营养物质，且富含N、P、K等多种元素，可以作为一种优质的有机肥应用于农业生产。同时，餐厨沼液中含有丰富的腐殖酸、氨基酸、维生素、微量元素以及一些生物活性分子等。基于这些特点，餐厨沼液可以广泛应用于农业生产中，如用作肥料、浸种溶液、土壤改良剂等。其中，餐厨沼液浸种技术简便，投资小，易于在农业生产中推广。种子经餐厨沼液浸泡后，沼液中的营养物质可以渗透进入种子内部，激发酶的活性，加速养分运转和新陈代谢，促进细胞生长，提高种子的发芽率和成秧率，并有抗病、壮苗、增产的作用。
水稻是我国主要粮食作物之一，为了满足日益增长的水稻产量与品质需求，化学浸种剂的应用必不可少。在国家提倡“双减”的背景下，生物有机浸种剂越来越被人们所认可，对水稻产量和品质的提高以及生长发育具有显著的促进作用。
发明内容
发明目的：为了克服背景技术的不足，本发明第一目的是公开一种基于餐厨沼液的水稻浸种剂；第二目的是公开该水稻浸种剂的制备方法；第三目的是公开该水稻浸种剂在水稻浸种方面的应用。
技术方案：本发明公开的基于餐厨沼液的水稻浸种剂，包括以下质量份数的原料：餐厨沼液1-25份、蛇床子素0.01-0.2份、甲壳素0.1-2份、水75-100份；所述餐厨沼液中的氯化钠含量为1.14-1.86％。
进一步的，所述蛇床子素选自原药、1％水乳剂、2％水剂中的一种。
上述基于餐厨沼液的水稻浸种剂的制备方法：将餐厨沼液、蛇床子素、甲壳素及水按比例混合搅拌，调节pH值调节为6.0-7.5，制得水稻浸种剂。
进一步的，采用盐酸、稀硝酸和稀硫酸中的至少一种作为pH调节剂进行pH调节。
上述基于餐厨沼液的水稻浸种剂的应用，将所述水稻浸种剂用于水稻浸种；将水稻浸种剂与水按照1：20-30质量比混合得到浸种液，将浸种液与水稻种子按照1L：2-3kg比例混合，播种。
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明的优点为：
1、无化学农药添加，所采用的餐厨沼液、蛇床子素、甲壳素为有机废弃物发酵产物或生物农药，对土壤及水体环境安全无害；
2、使用单一生物农药同时起到杀虫杀菌作用，节约用料成本与配制工序；餐厨沼液中含有丰富的营养元素、腐殖酸、氨基酸、维生素及抗生素等，具有促进植物生长的作用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明。
实施例1
一种基于餐厨沼液的水稻浸种剂，包括以下质量份数的原料：餐厨沼液1份、蛇床子素0.01份、甲壳素0.1份、水75份(无杂质清水)；所述餐厨沼液中的氯化钠含量为1.14％。
所述蛇床子素选自原药。
制备方法：将餐厨沼液、蛇床子素、甲壳素及水按比例混合搅拌，调节pH值调节为6.0，制得水稻浸种剂。
采用盐酸作为pH调节剂进行pH调节。
应用：将所述水稻浸种剂用于水稻浸种；将水稻浸种剂与水按照1：20质量比混合得到浸种液，将浸种液与水稻种子按照1L：2kg比例混合，播种。
实施例2
一种基于餐厨沼液的水稻浸种剂，包括以下质量份数的原料：餐厨沼液5份、蛇床子素0.05份、甲壳素1份、水95份；所述餐厨沼液中的氯化钠含量为1.47％。
所述蛇床子素选自1％水乳剂。
制备方法：将餐厨沼液、蛇床子素、甲壳素及水按比例混合搅拌，调节pH值调节为6.5，制得水稻浸种剂。
采用稀硝酸作为pH调节剂进行pH调节。
应用：将所述水稻浸种剂用于水稻浸种；将水稻浸种剂与水按照1：25质量比混合得到浸种液，将浸种液与水稻种子按照1L：2.4kg比例混合，播种。
实施例3
一种基于餐厨沼液的水稻浸种剂，包括以下质量份数的原料：餐厨沼液25份、蛇床子素0.2份、甲壳素2份、水100份；所述餐厨沼液中的氯化钠含量为1.86％。
所述蛇床子素选自2％水剂。
制备方法：将餐厨沼液、蛇床子素、甲壳素及水按比例混合搅拌，调节pH值调节为7.5，制得水稻浸种剂。
采用稀硫酸作为pH调节剂进行pH调节。
应用：将所述水稻浸种剂用于水稻浸种；将水稻浸种剂与水按照1：30质量比混合得到浸种液，将浸种液与水稻种子按照1L：3kg比例混合，播种。
效果试验
将实施例1-3制备得到的基于餐厨沼液的水稻浸种剂进行试验。该试验在江苏省苏州市吴中区中国农业大学有机循环研究院试验田开展，水稻品种为南梗46号。对照组为清水(对照1)与市售水稻浸种剂(对照2)。共设计5个处理，每个处理3块小区，每个小区66.7m2，随机区组排列。将每千克所述水稻浸种剂溶于25kg水中，然后取出1L浸种液，浸种2.4kg，10h后播种；对照组以按照2.4kg：1L浸泡在水中，10h后播种。分别统计水稻种子的发芽时间、发芽率、出苗数、分蘖数以及产量，结果见表1。
表1浸种前后水稻生长及产量效果对比
试验结果表明，本发明制备得到的基于餐厨沼液的水稻浸种剂，对水稻幼苗的生长发育及其它生物学性状无不良影响，能够使得水稻幼苗正常生长。实施例2制得的水稻浸种剂在发芽时间、发芽率、出苗率、分蘖数及产量等方面均为最优，可以作为水稻浸种剂在水稻生产过程中进行使用。
Claims (5)
1.一种基于餐厨沼液的水稻浸种剂，其特征在于，包括以下质量份数的原料：餐厨沼液1-25份、蛇床子素0.01-0.2份、甲壳素0.1-2份、水75-100份；所述餐厨沼液中的氯化钠含量为1.14-1.86％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于餐厨沼液的水稻浸种剂，其特征在于：所述蛇床子素选自原药、1％水乳剂、2％水剂中的一种。
3.权利要求1所述的基于餐厨沼液的水稻浸种剂的制备方法，其特征在于：将餐厨沼液、蛇床子素、甲壳素及水按比例混合搅拌，调节pH值调节为6.0-7.5，制得水稻浸种剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的基于餐厨沼液得水稻浸种剂得制备方法，其特征在于：采用盐酸、稀硝酸和稀硫酸中的至少一种作为pH调节剂进行pH调节。
5.权利要求1所述的基于餐厨沼液的水稻浸种剂的应用，其特征在于：将所述水稻浸种剂用于水稻浸种；将水稻浸种剂与水按照1：20-30质量比混合得到浸种液，将浸种液与水稻种子按照1L：2-3kg比例混合，播种。
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