CN113879496A

CN113879496A - Stealth and anti-sinking lifesaving method for aircraft carrier

Info

Publication number: CN113879496A
Application number: CN202010643216.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曹伟华
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Shanghai Tianfu High Technology Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-07-01
Filing date: 2020-07-01
Publication date: 2022-01-04

Abstract

The invention provides a stealthy, anti-sinking lifesaving method of an aircraft carrier, which is characterized in that the appearance structure of the aircraft carrier or other ships or military water floating equipment is not changed, the stealthy coating of three-dimensional diffuse reflection and wave absorption in various modes is utilized to change the surface of the aircraft carrier into a diffuse reflection surface and wave absorption in various deep modes, the reflection direction of a detection signal is dissipated and changed, and the receivable echo signal is reduced by four orders of magnitude (ten thousand times); the small hollow ball structure of the stealth coating forms an optimal diffuse reflection surface and a deep refraction, multiple diffuse reflection and three-dimensional medium surface to generate a high-frequency electronic polarization structure, the direction of a reflected signal is changed for multiple times, and the signal energy is changed into heat to be dissipated, so that radar/infrared/noise compatible stealth is realized; the closed-cell bubble structure of the stealth coating has very low water absorption and good floatability, and the integrated permanent buoyancy module, the permanent floating body and the solid anti-sinking safety airbag provide enough reserve buoyancy for the aircraft carrier, so that the aircraft carrier can be ensured to be stealthy and not sink.

Description

Stealth and anti-sinking lifesaving method for aircraft carrier

The technical field is as follows:

the invention belongs to stealth and anti-sinking lifesaving of an aircraft carrier or a military water surface ship.

Background

Modern war is a relatively large amount of science and technology. Beyond visual range radar, infrared, sonar detection and anti-detection measures are main measures. Who mastered the advanced attack and defense technology improves the defense viability of the people, and then can master the initiative of the war to win the victory.

The beyond-visual-range remote detector mainly takes radar as a main part. Electromagnetic radar, infrared radar and sonar detection are commonly used as main detection means. Regardless of the type of detection, there is a common working principleThe reflected signal is used to detect the locking target. If there is no reflected signal or the reflected signal is very weak, the target cannot be found. The larger the reflection area is, the more the reflected signal is, and the stronger the signal received by the radar is; and only the reflected signal consistent with the incident direction can be received by the radar; for example, the shapes of 022 missile ships and DDG-1000 missile ships in China and America are made into irregular inclined plane shapes, so that the reflection directions of most signals are changed, and stealth is realized. The best way to change the signal reflection direction is to construct a diffuse reflecting surface.Practice proves that: a flat plate and a sphere with the same projection area, and the radar reflection section area ratio of the flat plate Four orders of magnitude larger (10000 times larger). This is because the diffuse reflection occurs on the surface of the sphere, most radar signals are diffusely reflected by the sphere to other directions, and only a few signals whose reflection directions are consistent with the incident direction are received by the radar. Therefore, the first and second electrodes are formed on the substrate,the sphere or the spherical surface and the paraboloid with the same projection area are reduced by four orders of magnitude compared with the plane reflection echo signal (10000 times). Therefore, the first and second electrodes are formed on the substrate,constructing a spherical or paraboloidal diffuse reflection surface structure, greatly reducing reflection echo signals, and the function of broadband wave absorption is superposed, and compatible stealth can be realized.

However, changing the exterior of an aircraft carrier (including a surface vessel) sacrifices too much performance; in addition, the shape and structure of the aircraft carrier and the ship which are already in service can not be changed to realize stealth. Therefore, the existing aircraft carrier and ship are in a bare running state;

although the aircraft carrier is provided with a protective net established by a protective warship and the like, the real missile attack after the saturated missile is induced is difficult to protect; in any case, the newly developed remote hypersonic anti-ship missile penetration attack and submarine silent guard-waiting rabbit close-body attack cannot be protected by the aircraft carrier.

If the aircraft carrier (including other ships) has radar, infrared and noise compatible stealth capability, the aircraft carrier cannot be found and locked by the other side, and attack in all modes can be avoided. This is crucial to improve the defense viability and the battle ability of the user.

The existing stealth paint is a two-dimensional plane type, and no matter what chemical composition, the structure of a reflecting surface cannot be changed, and a diffuse reflecting surface cannot be formed to reduce the reflecting sectional area. In addition, the existing two-dimensional stealth coating has limited wave absorbing capacity (not broadband compatible wave absorbing capacity, but three-dimensional wave absorbing capacity), so that the stealth effect is obviously insufficient.

The invention overcomes the defect that the existing stealth coating does not have three-dimensional diffuse reflection on the premise of not changing the appearance structure of the aircraft carrier The defects of a radio surface structure and three-dimensional wave absorption,the multifunctional compatible stealth coating with three-dimensional diffuse reflection and three-dimensional wave absorption is provided;the multifunctional radar/infrared/noise compatible stealth can be realized under the condition that the appearance of an aircraft carrier is not changed.The probability of locking the aircraft carrier by remote detection is reduced, the defense survival rate and the fighting capacity of the aircraft carrier are improved, and the most direct military benefit is obtained.

In addition, under the condition that the appearance of the aircraft carrier is not changed, enough reserve buoyancy is provided for the aircraft carrier, sinking is prevented, and the survival capability and the fighting capacity of the aircraft carrier and all naval crews are greatly improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention is a combined type invention, and the stealth coating not only has radar/infrared/noise stealth, but also has the best floatability, and can provide reserve buoyancy anti-sinking life saving for aircraft carriers and ships.

The stealth of an aircraft carrier and a water surface ship.

1. The technical scheme and the stealth principle are as follows:

(1) on the premise of not changing the external structure shape of an aircraft carrier (including other ships or other water surface floating equipment, the same below), the diffuse reflection and deep wave absorbing stealth coating is used for changing the reflection surface of each position on the surface of the aircraft carrier into a diffuse reflection surface so as to change the direction of a reflection signal, reduce the reflection signal in the same direction as the incident direction and realize the stealth effect of reducing the reflection sectional area of a radar; further, three-dimensional deep-level signal refraction and multiple times of diffuse reflection are constructed in the coating of the diffuse reflection stealth paint, and the reflection directions of the remaining few axis signals are further changed; meanwhile, high-frequency electronic polarization is generated on the surface of a three-dimensional medium in the coating, heat dissipation is generated, the reflected energy of a signal is lost, and the three-dimensional deep wave-absorbing stealth effect is realized; the bubble structure of the coating has the functions of heat insulation and sound insulation, and blocks the radiation conduction of shielding infrared rays and noise;

(2) the method comprises the following steps of using a two-component polyurethane foaming agent (commonly called black and white materials, in a ratio of 1: 1) as a matrix carrier and ferrite nano powder (or other high-permeability material nano powder), uniformly mixing, using a high-pressure polyurethane spraying machine to perform seamless spraying on the upper surface of aircraft carrier water, foaming and curing to form a polyurethane and ferrite foam layer (the polyurethane foam is of a closed-cell bubble structure, and each small bubble is equivalent to one small bubbleHollow sphere body)(ii) a The bubble structure of polyurethane foam is used as a carrier to form a structure layer with ferrite hollow spheres (ferrite small bubbles) from the outside to the inside, so that a diffuse reflection stealth coating layer (the thickness is adjusted according to stealth requirements or different positions of the aircraft carrier) consisting of a plurality of ferrite hollow spheres is covered on the surface of the aircraft carrier, and multiple diffuse reflection and refraction of detection signals on the surface of the ferrite bubbles and the inner wall of the bubbles change the direction of most of reflection signals; meanwhile, high-frequency electronic polarization is generated on the surface of the ferrite bubble medium, signal energy is changed into heat to be dissipated, so that the signal loses reflected energy, and the effect of deep absorption of radar wave magnetic field components in multiple three-dimensional modes in the coating is realized (ferrite is not added in order to prevent ship magnetization).

(3) Spraying a mixed solution of a two-component polyurethane foaming agent and graphene or graphite nano powder on the surface of the first coating, foaming and curing to form a structural layer which is graphene or graphite hollow spheres (carbon bubbles) from the outside to the inside, covering the surface of the aircraft carrier with a diffuse reflection stealth coating (the thickness of the coating is adjusted according to stealth requirements or different positions of the aircraft carrier) which is composed of numerous graphene or graphite hollow spheres, forming an optimal diffuse reflection surface composed of the graphene or graphite hollow spheres on the surface of the aircraft carrier, and generating diffuse reflection on the surface of the graphene or graphite bubbles by detection signals to change the direction of most reflection signals; when a few axis signals pass through the carbon bubbles, refraction and multiple diffuse reflection of the inner walls of the bubbles occur, so that the reflection direction of the axis signals is thoroughly changed; meanwhile, high-frequency electronic polarization is generated on the surface of the carbon bubble medium, so that signal energy is changed into heat to be dissipated, reflected energy is lost, and the effect of deeply absorbing the electric field component of radar waves is realized.

The stealth coating is a floating foam layer with low density and extremely low water absorption rate, and is an important component of sinking resistance and sinking prevention of the aircraft carrier besides signal stealth.

(4) Then the mixed solution of polyurea and graphene is sprayed on the surface of the second layer of coating,formation of very tough polyurea graphite The graphene protective layer and the optimal graphene diffuse reflection surface change each reflection surface of the aircraft carrier into a diffuse reflection surface, so that the absolute reflection surface is changed The reflection directions of most detection signals are superposed with the three-dimensional stereo wave absorption of the deep layers in the two coatings in multiple ways, so that the aircraft carrier can be used The radar reflection sectional area is reduced by at least four orders of magnitude, and radar/infrared stealth is realized.

Practice proves that the sphere or the spherical surface and the paraboloid with the same projection area are reduced by four orders of magnitude and 10000 times compared with a plane reflection echo signal). The latest anti-stealth resonant radar signal is enhanced by 1-2 orders of magnitude (10-100 times) at most; therefore, the diffuse reflection surface coating and deep, multi-dimensional and multi-mode wave absorption have strong stealth advantages.

Firstly, when the detection signal irradiates the aircraft carrier,most of the signal is reflected elsewhere by the diffuse reflection layer of the surfaceThe remaining one-ten-thousandth of axial direct signal energy is absorbed and dissipated by the graphene on the surface; after the residual extremely small quantity of axial direct signals break through the surface diffuse reflection surface, the residual extremely small quantity of axial direct signals enter the graphene or the graphite foam layer and the ferrite foam layer and are absorbed and dissipated in various modes;

secondly, when the residual extremely small quantity of axis direct signals pass through the wall of the foam bubble, refraction is generated, the refracted signals generate multiple diffuse reflection on the inner wall of the bubble, in the multiple refraction and multiple diffuse reflection processes, the direction of the signals is changed for N times, and meanwhile, high-frequency electronic polarization is generated on the surface of the three-dimensional medium of the bubble, so that the signal energy is changed into heat to be dissipated;

therefore, the stealth coating can generate three-dimensional diffuse reflection, ferrite bubbles, multiple refraction of graphene bubbles, multiple diffuse reflection of the inner wall of the bubbles and heat dissipation of high-frequency electronic polarization of a bubble medium, and the wave-absorbing stealth effect of efficient diffuse reflection, multiple dimensionalities and multiple modes is realized.

The polyurea and graphene coating can also greatly improve the surface strength of the aircraft carrier. Forming a high-strength three-dimensional diffuse reflection and wave absorption compatible stealth coating on the surface of the target body;

(5) and the bottom layer of the aircraft carrier deck is sprayed with wear-resistant, anti-skid, waterproof and elastic polyurea coating (coating commonly used for road marking) and ferrite nano powder mixed coating.

And spraying a wear-resistant, anti-slip, elastic and waterproof coating and graphene mixed coating after curing.

For the shipboard aircraft, the two layers of elastic, wear-resistant and anti-skid coatings are safer than steel decks in lifting. The invisible radar/infrared/noise compatible film has strong corrosion resistance, skid resistance and very good surface toughness while realizing the stealth effect of radar/infrared/noise compatibility.

2. The material composition is as follows:

host material: a two-component spray type self-foaming polyurethane foaming agent (commonly called as black material and white material) is used. The proportion of the black and white materials is adjusted, and the hard or soft elastic foam can be obtained after foaming. When the ratio of the black material to the white material is 1: 1, the foaming finished product is low-density hard polyurethane foam; the amount of white material or black material is increased, and the finished product is low-density flexible elastic foam;

the polyurethane foaming agent is a substrate material of a bottom layer and an adhesive, has strong bonding capability, and can be firmly bonded on the surfaces of concrete, masonry, steel, asphalt, various plastics, synthetic materials and the like;

the compressive strength is more than 300Kpa, the tensile strength is more than 400Kpa, and the wind uncovering resistance is very strong.

The closed cell bubble structure of the low-density polyurethane foam enables the polyurethane foam to have thermal insulation and sound insulation and noise reduction performances, the surface of the polyurethane foam is sprayed with a wave absorbing agent, infrared rays can be effectively reflected and shielded, and the target body can be prevented from radiating outwards or absorbing energy inwards (the target body can be prevented from absorbing particle energy such as infrared heat or photon and the like), and sound waves can be absorbed and prevented from being transmitted outwards, so that radar, infrared and noise stealth is realized; the hard low-density polyurethane foam substrate has good thermal insulation, electrical insulation, corrosion prevention and heat preservation performances, and is the best heat preservation and insulation material widely used in the field of buildings. The heat-insulating material is widely used in refrigerators, freezers, solar water tanks, heat-supply pipeline heat insulation, building outer wall heat insulation, liquefied gas storage tanks for infrared radiation prevention and heat insulation and the like. Here transferred as a matrix binder for stealth coatings and constitutes the best diffuse reflecting surface structure.

Matrix adhesive. The double-component polyurethane foaming agent is not only a bottom layer matrix material, but also an adhesive; and A, B two-component spray polyurea (commonly known as polyurea waterproof coating). Adding a proper amount of graphene into the liquid B, stirring uniformly (graphite nano powder can also be used, the same is applied below), and then mixing with the liquid A for spraying uniformly. Other high strength adhesives, such as high strength resins, may also be used as the matrix adhesive. Polyurea is the best anticorrosive and waterproof coating in the field of buildings, and has strong adhesive force and high strength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and waterproof characteristics. Spray tank chassis and bulletproof helmets are commonly used. The coating is converted into a substrate adhesive of a stealth coating and a high-strength surface protective layer;

③ graphene: the material has the best electric conduction and thermal conduction, can convert electric field energy in electromagnetic waves or signal energy such as other optical quanta and the like into heat to be dissipated, and has strong capability of absorbing the electric field of the electromagnetic waves. Here mainly as an electric field absorber in electromagnetic waves.

In addition, the graphene and polyurea waterproof coating has extremely high strength and toughness. Therefore, the polyurea waterproof coating and the graphene coating have very high strength and toughness, and after the target body is sprayed on the surface, the target body has very high defense strength and toughness.

Graphite nano powder: the wave absorbing performance is second to that of graphene.

Fifth, ferrite nano powder: the ferrite has strong capability of absorbing the magnetic field of electromagnetic waves, and when high-energy signals pass through, the ferrite resistance component can convert the high-frequency signal energy into heat energy to dissipate the heat energy. Here used as an absorber for absorbing electromagnetic wave magnetic fields and high frequency energy.

3. The combination method comprises the following steps:

the bottom layer is uniformly and seamlessly sprayed with a double-component polyurethane foam foaming agent. After foaming and curing, covering a layer of seamless bubble structural foam on the surface of the equipment to change the reflecting surface of the target body into an optimal diffuse reflecting surface; the infrared invisible layer is a diffuse reflection structural layer and an infrared invisible layer; the infrared stealth function of shielding and blocking infrared rays (energy) radiated outwards by a target body or absorbing external infrared rays (energy) by the target body is realized;

uniformly dispersing ferrite nano powder or other magnetic wave absorbers into the black material and the white material (uniformly stirring by using a stirrer), and then spraying a target body by using a high-pressure sprayer (spraying while stirring, the same applies below) to enable the target body to be seamlessly wrapped to form a three-dimensional diffuse reflection and magnetic field energy coating capable of strongly absorbing electromagnetic waves;

dispersing graphite nanometer powder into black material and white material uniformly, then spraying the black material and white material on the ferrite coating by a high-pressure spraying machine, and covering and wrapping the target body in a seamless manner to form a three-dimensional diffuse reflection and strong absorption electric field energy coating in electromagnetic waves;

uniformly dispersing graphene in B polyurea liquid (the mixing ratio of polyurea to graphene is about 1: 0.002-0.008), and spraying the coating on the coating to enable the coating to seamlessly cover and wrap a target body to form a high-strength surface coating layer of three-dimensional diffuse reflection and strong absorption signal waves;

anti-sinking lifesaving of an aircraft carrier and a water surface ship:

the novel stealth coating matrix carrier material is low-density polyurethane foam, and the closed cell bubble structure of the novel stealth coating matrix carrier material is a foam material with the lowest water absorption rate (lower than that of polystyrene foam-polystyrene board) and the best floatability in all the foams known at present. Therefore, the stealth coating is used on an aircraft carrier and a surface ship, so that radar/infrared/noise stealth can be realized, and certain reserve buoyancy anti-sinking can be provided for the aircraft carrier and the ship. The technical scheme achieves multiple purposes.

The technical scheme is as follows:

the solid safety air bag which is not afraid of air leakage caused by gun penetration, the permanent floating cabin which is not afraid of air leakage and water leakage caused by collision and the permanent floating body which is not afraid of air leakage caused by gun penetration and water inflow provide enough extra reserve buoyancy for aircraft carriers and other ships, and the extra buoyancy can be quickly released at the initial stage of sinking danger, so that the extra buoyancy can not sink, and the life safety of the aircraft carriers and all officers and soldiers can be ensured.

1. A permanent floating cabin which is not afraid of impact, air leakage and water leakage is opened in the aircraft carrier.

All the spaces which are inconvenient to use in the aircraft carrier are made into hollow spaces regardless of the size and the shape, and hard low-density polyurethane foaming agents (PU hard bubbles for short) are filled in the hollow spaces to be foamed into hard polyurethane foam with the best floatability, heat preservation, corrosion resistance, sound insulation and noise reduction. All interlayers, partitions, pipe gallery insulating layers and the like are filled with PU rigid foam foaming agents. The PU hard foam can not be made into a narrow space of the hollow cavity, and the PU hard foam is directly sprayed, and the polyurea waterproof coating is sprayed on the surface of the PU hard foam to make a strong protective surface layer. The sum of the individuals with permanent floatability in the ship is named as permanent floating cabin

If there is a totally-enclosed watertight compartment (not the ordinary watertight partition), it is filled with PU hard bubble to make it a permanent floating compartment (which is done before infrared/noise hiding).

2. And a permanent floating body is arranged on the aircraft carrier.

An outer-floating hollow box body is arranged on a freeboard above a water level line around a ship shell, a hollow steel supporting framework is arranged in the box body (when an aircraft carrier is hidden, the freeboard of the ship body is made into a thickened hidden layer, the thickness of the thickened hidden layer is 1-5 m or the thickened hidden layer is designed according to needs), and hard low-density polyurethane foam and graphite nano powder or other wave absorbing agents are arranged in the box body; the surface of the box body is sprayed with thickened polyurea and graphene mixed solution to form a very tough impact-resistant and impact-resistant armor protective layer; this is a floating permanent float that is not afraid of air leakage. The method is equivalent to wearing a solid life buoy (which is already finished when radar/infrared/noise stealth is made in the front) which is not afraid of air leakage on an aircraft carrier.

3. And installing a solid safety airbag for the aircraft carrier.

Enough solid safety air bags are respectively installed above the outboard water level line and at the required positions of a deck ship wall and the like, are horizontally stacked in a storage cabinet, can be automatically opened to be filled with PU (rigid polyurethane) foaming agent in danger, and can form a plurality of huge solid air bags which are not afraid of air leakage in a short time. (the inflatable air bag is simpler, and special techniques are available, but when the subsequent battles mutually attack, the inflatable air bag is easily damaged and leaked, and the danger of secondary sinking occurs).

4. Four sets of omnibearing intelligent electric control monitoring controllers and large float type electric control and pull-line (or manual control) switches are installed in parallel.

The first set is a dip angle sensor used for sensing and controlling the ship sinking danger of the inclination of the ship body, giving an alarm in due time and opening a switch system to charge PU hard foam foaming agent into the air bag.

The second set is that a plurality of remote water depth or pressure detection sensors are installed in parallel at the front, back, left and right public warning water level in the ship and are used for sensing and controlling the no-inclination sunken ship danger of cabin breaking water inflow of an aircraft carrier. The emergency trigger switch is also the second emergency trigger switch when the tilt angle sensor fails;

the third set is a large float level switch. The large-scale floater liquid level switch is connected with an electric switch and a manual pull switch; the device is used for sensing and controlling the no-inclination sunken ship danger of the cabin breaking water inflow of the aircraft carrier. The intelligent control system is also a third monitoring control defense line (a floating ball liquid level switch) when the front tilt angle sensor and the remote water depth pressure detection switch are in fault, and can sense and control the underwater sunken ship danger in the ship under any condition.

The fourth set is a manual switch. The starting is controlled manually.

All controller states are displayed on a central controller or console display screen.

Drawings

The total number of the figure is 5, and the page is 5.

FIG. 1 is a top view of the solid bladder (1) after deployment;

fig. 2 is a cross-sectional front view of the permanent floats (3) on both sides of the hull and the airbag (1) after unfolding;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional front view of the bowstring type air bag storage cabinet and the permanent floating body (3);

FIG. 4 is a connection diagram of a control circuit of an air bag system and a pipeline for filling PU foaming agent into a foaming machine;

fig. 5 is a position diagram of the solid anti-settling air bag storage cabinet and the supporting framework of the inner framework of the permanent floating body.

In the figure, (1) is an air bag and (r) is a ship body. The third is a bow string type air bag storage cabinet, the A position is a reed type telescopic electromagnetic bolt lock, the arc AB is a circular arc cabinet door which is pressed by an elastic thin steel plate, the B position is a rotating door shaft with a spring, the string AB is flexible cloth (a dotted line AB in figure 3), and the BC is a cabinet bottom made of a thick steel plate.

(2) Is a tilt sensor; long-distance water depth detection or pressure sensor and float liquid level switch. Sixthly, the switch is controlled manually. And the foaming machine. And the symbol is an alarm. Ninthly, an alarm lamp. And R is foaming agent mixing head.

(3) Is a permanent floating body on the freeboard of the aircraft carrier.

Detailed Description

Stealth of an aircraft carrier and a water surface ship:

the water surface ship has large volume and complex modeling. The system is not only used for preventing radar and infrared guided missiles, enemy warships and enemy plane fire control radar detection above the water surface, but also used for preventing underwater submarine sonar detection attack. There are stealth requirements in three aspects of air, water and underwater. Therefore, the surface ship needs to have radar/infrared/noise stealth function. None of the three should be considered. Is the most complex stealth technique.

For a surface ship, an infrared signal source has two parts: firstly, internal heat sources, such as heat generated by an engine, a generator and a motor, radiate infrared rays outwards; and secondly, the ship bodies such as the external sunlight irradiation deck and the like are heated and radiate infrared rays outwards.

1. The internal heat source radiates infrared outwards and is mainly conducted out through steel plates on two sides of the engine room and two sides of the ship body.

Firstly, spraying a foaming agent with the ratio of black materials to white materials of about 1: 0.8-0.9 on the inner wall of a cabin of a ship; the density after foaming and curing is 30km/m³～35km/m³And is more resilient and flexible than rigid polyurethane foams). The infrared radiation is blocked; secondly, the noise of the engine is absorbed to realize sound stealth; thirdly, noise improvement is reducedThe detection capability of own sonar on enemy submarines;

secondly, spraying a polyurethane foaming agent and graphite nano powder mixed coating with a black-white material ratio of 1: 1 on all dry boards above no-load water lines on two outer sides of the ship body layer by layer for multiple times to foam the mixed coating into a graphite polyurethane foam layer with a required thickness (in order to prevent the magnetization of the ship shell from increasing ferromagnetism, ferrite powder is not added in the coating sprayed on the outer surface of the ship shell); the total thickness of the coating can be selected from 1-3 m. Direct spraying with a thickness within 100 mm; over 200 mm should be held by the support frame. Then spraying for multiple times in layers.

The thickened stealth coating is arranged on the aircraft carrier freeboard, and besides providing compatible stealth, the thickened stealth coating is also an important component of all-time and all-weather rolling reduction, inclination resistance and sinking resistance (named as a 'permanent floating body' in the invention).

Spraying polyurea waterproof coating and graphene mixed coating on the surface (spraying for multiple times in a layered mode to reach a certain thickness); mainly forms an optimal diffuse reflection surface and very tough surface strength, and improves the stealth, impact resistance and striking resistance. Radar/infrared/noise stealth is achieved.

The thickened stealth foam on the two sides of the ship body has six functions: firstly, radar stealth; secondly, infrared stealth; III is noise Sound stealth; fourthly, buoyancy stabilization, inclination resistance and side turning resistance are realized; fifthly, corrosion prevention and heat preservation; sixthly, the medicine has the effects of anti-sinking and anti-sinking.

2. Covering and blocking external infrared radiation (such as sunlight radiation to heat the surface of a ship).

Firstly, spraying polyurethane foaming agent (black and white material ratio is 1: 1) and ferrite nano powder mixed paint on the surface of an upper building, an antenna and a mast of an aircraft carrier, and spraying the polyurethane foaming agent (black and white material ratio is 1: 1) and graphite nano powder mixed paint after curing to realize radar/infrared/noise compatible stealth.

Secondly, spraying wear-resistant, anti-skid, waterproof and elastic polyurea coating (coating commonly used for road marking) and ferrite nano powder mixed coating on the aircraft carrier deck. And spraying a wear-resistant, anti-slip, elastic and waterproof coating and graphene mixed coating after curing. The stealth effect of radar/infrared/noise compatibility is realized. Also has strong corrosion prevention characteristics and very good surface toughness.

3. The noise of the aircraft carrier is invisible.

Except that the coating inside the cabin and the coating of the freeboard are noisy and invisible, polyurethane foaming agents are injected into all interlayers, pipe galleries, totally-closed airtight cabins and other cavities which are easy to generate resonance in the ship, and the polyurethane foaming agents are foamed into polyurethane foam entities. Resonance noise is eliminated (the resonance noise is also an important component of sinking resistance and sinking prevention of an aircraft carrier, and the resonance noise is named as a permanent buoyancy chamber);

secondly, polyurethane foaming agent or elastic polyurea coating is sprayed on all surfaces which are inconvenient to use in the aircraft carrier and easy to generate noise reflection and oscillation, such as exposed pipelines, smooth wall plates and the like, so as to reduce noise;

thirdly, spraying anti-skid and wear-resistant elastic polyurea coating on the deck (ground), the passageway and the stair treads to reduce noise;

fourthly, the underwater part of the aircraft carrier is thickened and sprayed with polyurea elastic coating for multiple times, so that the noise stealth, the corrosion resistance and the strength improvement are realized.

Anti-sinking lifesaving of an aircraft carrier and a water surface ship:

1. permanent buoyancy chambers in aircraft carriers:

the space which is inconvenient to use or places with little use value in the aircraft carrier is made into a hollow structure, the shape and the size of the hollow structure are not limited, any material is used as the surface according to outfitting requirements, the hollow structure is hollow, a low-density rigid polyurethane foaming agent is injected, the hollow structure is not hollow, the low-density rigid polyurethane foaming agent is directly sprayed on the surface, and a polyurethane foam layer with the best floatability and corrosion resistance, heat preservation and sound insulation is formed after foaming and curing. Foaming agents are injected into all the pipeline heat-insulating layers, the partitions and the interlayers to form the polyurethane foam. The totally-enclosed watertight and airtight cabin to be reserved is filled with polyurethane foam. These together make up the permanent buoyancy module of the aircraft carrier (which has been done when infrared/noise stealth was done in front).

2. Manufacturing and installing a permanent floating body outside an aircraft carrier:

2.1 the no-load water line of the aircraft carrier is determined first, and the water line GH is marked. (wave line GH in FIG. 5). The point H at the bow is about 500-1000 mm upwards (determined by the size of the ship), the point C is taken, the point G at the stern is about 100-200 mm upwards, and the point B is taken, wherein BC is the bottom of the air bag storage cabinet. The cabinet bottom BC is high at the front and low at the rear, so that the ship can have upward lifting and sailing anti-rolling functions when sailing forward.

2.2 making the lower bottom AE of the permanent floating body. AE// BC, and an air bag storage cabinet is arranged between AE and BC.

2.3 making a framework supporting plate in the permanent floating body. The skeleton backup pad is one of the permanent body and hull connection fixed important part, both plays and supports fixed action, must bear the slamming of collision and big wave again. Therefore, the support plate is firmly fixed around the ship body by using the hollow steel plate with the thickness of more than 3-5 mm. The device is provided with a single plate support and a triangular support framework. The triangular supporting framework is firmer, more anti-collision and more bulletproof.

In the upper half of fig. 5, the frame support plates are arranged from the stern to the bow, and the interval width is equal to the width of the steel plate for covering (the thickness of the steel plate for covering is 1-3 mm, and does not need to be too thick). The skeleton supporting plate is encrypted at the position which is in front of the ship and easy to impact. Vertical lines FD are drawn from the upper edge of the side to AE at equal intervals, and the FD is the installation position of the framework support plate.

The framework supporting plate is made of steel and is hollow. The steel is made so as to have a steel strength. The hollow holes are used for reducing the weight, and importantly, the hollow holes can enable the foaming agent to better flow uniformly and foam uniformly.

If the triangular support plate is not hollowed out, the triangular inclined plane can slide off bullets or shrapnels shot by non-vertical inclined planes, if the bullets vertical to the inclined plane of the support plate penetrate through the support plate, the energy of the bullets is attenuated, and the bullets vertical to the inclined plane of the support plate are not vertical to the steel plate of the ship shell, so the bullets or shrapnels passing through the support plate can be slid off by the steel plate of the ship shell. The triangular support plates also have a certain bulletproof effect against impacts.

The shape, size and interval of the framework supporting plate are designed according to the ship.

2.4 the permanent float outer skin (EK in figure 3) is made, constituting a case without cover.

Firstly, a layer of PU hard bubble and graphite nano powder mixed solution is sprayed on the four walls of the box body by a high-pressure spraying machine for sealing.

And secondly, the box body supported by the non-hollowed-out triangle with the thickness of not more than 1 meter can be formed by filling the PU hard bubble and graphite nano powder mixed solution into the triangular box body in one step for foaming (the using amount of the polyurethane and graphite nano powder mixed solution of each box body can be determined by calculation according to the volume of the box body, the foaming is always full, and the observation hole reserved on the upper cover of the box body is better to overflow some foams).

And thirdly, the larger box body can be filled with the foam block masonry method. The method is characterized in that a layer of PU hard foam and graphite nanometer powder mixed liquid is sprayed on the four walls of a box body to be sealed, the foaming thickness is about 100 mm, then PU hard foam blocks (PU hard foam blocks produced by a plurality of families) are filled into the box body, and a layer of PU hard foam and graphite nanometer powder mixed liquid is sprayed once one layer of foam blocks is filled, so that a foaming agent is filled in gaps and is bonded into a whole, thereby saving time, labor and materials, preventing 'core burning', and having the same floating and hiding effects.

Fourthly, the permanent floating body is preferably manufactured by completely adopting a spraying method of a high-pressure foaming machine. The method is to spray the mixed solution of PU hard bubbles and graphite nano powder into the box body for sealing. The foaming thickness is about 100 mm. Then the mixed solution of PU hard bubbles and graphite nano powder is sprayed layer by layer for a plurality of times. And (3) spraying the next layer after the last hard foam is solidified each time until the box body is full of foam, and sealing the upper cover plate of the box body in a riveting mode to form an integral permanent floating body with the ship body.

Finally spraying thickened polyurea and graphene mixed liquid on the surface of the box body to form a very tough protective layer which is anticorrosive, waterproof, impact-resistant and impact-resistant, and forming radar/infrared/noise stealth and tough armor of the ship hull freeboard (all of which are finished together when the stealth coating is made).

When the aircraft carrier is rapidly shaken and inclined, the bottom BC of the air bag storage cabinet, the bottom AE of the permanent floating body and the buoyancy of the permanent floating body can generate three resistances opposite to the shaking and inclination directions of the aircraft carrier, so that the shaking and inclination of the aircraft carrier is obviously prevented or reduced, and the aircraft carrier has the functions of stabilizing, resisting inclination, preventing side turning and preventing sinking.

3. The manufacturing, installation and use of the aircraft carrier solid anti-sinking lifesaving air bag are as follows:

3.1 the air bag adopts high-strength, flexible and synthetic fiber mesh cloth as a stressed framework, and the inner surface of the cloth is provided with a high-strength PVC airtight coating.

This airtight fabric was used to form an "E-shaped airbag" as shown in (1) in fig. 2. (FIG. 2 (1) is a cross-sectional elevation view of the bladder filled with PVC coating on the inside and mesh on the outside. The whole periphery of the air bag is transversely bound by a binding belt at intervals of 1 m, and then the binding belt passes through a binding belt fixing head or a pin shaft to be fixed on the hull of the aircraft carrier.

The bandage is woven from multiple layers of high-tension synthetic fiber (such as polyester yarn), and is bonded to the surface of the air bag by high-temperature heat sealing like a traction belt for an automobile or a sling for a crane.

The binding band fixing head is made of high-strength steel, is shaped like an automobile safety belt plug, is worn on the binding band when being used as an air bag, and is fixed on a ship body by a large-size bolt when being installed.

If the pin shaft penetrates through the binding belt to fix the air bag, the base penetrating through the pin shaft is fixed well. And may be preferred.

The airbag is made into the complex E-shaped airbag, because the rigid polyurethane foaming agent is a high-molecular polymerization reaction during foaming and curing, heat can be generated, if the rigid polyurethane foaming agent cannot be timely dissipated, the center of a foaming body can be burnt and carbonized, and the rigid polyurethane foaming agent is commonly called as a core burning (the rigid polyurethane foam has flame resistance, only can be carbonized, and cannot be burnt and ignited). Therefore, a large foaming body (air bag) is divided into a plurality of flat square bodies from the middle, the thickness of each flat square body is about 1 m, and a certain gap is reserved between the flat square bodies to allow air or seawater to enter for cooling.

3.2 method for charging solid air bag foaming agent

The tube network type filling method is adopted. Foaming agent is filled in a plurality of high-pressure polyurethane (PU hard foam) spraying machines or foaming machines. The foaming machine must be high pressure, high output, heated.

More than one foaming machine is used for each group of air bags according to the sizes of the air bags, each foaming machine is provided with a plurality of gun heads (also called mixing heads), and foaming agents are injected into the stacked air bags from multiple positions at the same time.

The connection method of the pipe network type charging method is shown in the dotted line box of fig. 4.

³The weight of the foaming agent filled into the air bag (black material and white material in a ratio of 1: 1) is equal to the volume of the air bag multiplied by 40kg/m + 15% (considering low The foaming shrinkage at atmospheric temperature) + the weight of the graphite nano-powder.

3.3 storage of the air bag. The air bags are vacuumized and stacked in the bowstring type storage cabinet, and the storage cabinet is arranged above the water level line at the outer side of the ship or on the required parts such as a deck ship wall and the like (can be designed along with the ship shape).

3.4 the cross-section of the cabinet is a sector or a regular square cabinet (the door must be opened automatically or by squeezing the air bag). The fan-shaped cabinet door is taken as an example for explanation.

As shown in fig. 3. Arc AB is the cabinet door, chord AB is the flexible cloth (dashed line AB in fig. 3), BC is the welded cabinet bottom of the steel plate (the storage cabinet in the ship is made bottom by the deck, the bottom of the storage cabinet outside the ship is fixed at the position above the water level line of the hull, the bottom of the storage cabinet has important anti-rolling function, so the thick steel plate is welded firmly.) B is the rotating shaft, on which the rotating spring for opening the door is installed. The cabinet door AB is hinged on the bottom BC through a rotating shaft B. The part A is a reed type electromagnetic bolt lock which is connected with the ship body when the cabinet door is closed, (the reed bolt is made of plastic, and the bolt can be broken by the expansion force when the air bag is inflated so as not to influence the opening of the air bag in case that the electromagnetic lock is not opened due to failure). And the part C is a bolt or pin shaft base for fixing the air bag, and each air bag binding band is fixed at the corresponding base.

When the air bag is started, the automatic control circuit also energizes the electromagnetic lock, the bolt is opened, and the cabinet door AB is bounced open under the action of the spring. (the air bag can also expand the cabinet door when being inflated and expanded).

3.5 the cabinet door is made into a bow-string type, so that the cabinet door is convenient to open or expand, the arc AB is a bow, the flexible cloth AB is just like a string on the bow, when the foaming agent is filled in the air bag to foam and expand rapidly, the string is extruded, the string is tensioned just like the string of the bow AB, the cabinet door A is pulled to be separated from the latch lock, and the cabinet door is opened.

3.6 for better security, a set of spare inflation system can be installed, and an inflation inlet with a pressure limiting valve is additionally installed at the top of the airbag and connected with an inflation pipeline for spare use. In case of no blowing agent or poor foaming at low temperature, the spare system is used for inflation and lifesaving.

4. Controlling the air bag:

the control circuit of the air bag controller is connected to the foaming machine and the cabinet door electromagnetic lock, the alarm and the alarm lamp (2), (w) and (w) in fig. 4.

4.1, inclined sunken ship danger intelligent perception controller (2):

a multi-way tilt sensor is used. When the aircraft carrier inclines to the warning inclination angle, the emergency device is automatically started to fill the air bag with sufficient foaming agent, and the air bag is foamed and solidified into a solid air bag within 10 seconds.

4.2, intelligent sensing control of ship body no-inclination ship sinking danger:

more than eight sets of remote pressure sensors and a large floater liquid level switch are arranged at the warning water level line at the key public position in the aircraft carrier, are connected in parallel and are simultaneously connected with a control circuit (a pull wire is arranged on the large floater liquid level switch, and is connected with a pull wire of a manual switch), and are connected with the controller (2) in parallel and are connected with the control circuit. When water enters the cabin to the warning water level, the remote pressure sensor senses the pressure of the water and then can be connected with the control circuit, meanwhile, the floating ball liquid level switch is also connected with the control circuit, and when the control circuit is in failure, the float stay wire can also start the air bag to resist sinking for life saving.

4.3 the manual switch is connected with the electrically controlled tilt angle sensor (2) and the floating ball liquid level switch in parallel and then is connected into a circuit. As shown in the circuit diagram outside the dashed box in fig. 4.

Has the advantages that:

(1) and permanent floats are arranged on the freeboards on the two sides of the aircraft carrier, so that the aircraft carrier has the functions of stabilizing rolling, maintaining stability and resisting inclination, and is more stable and not easy to incline and turn over.

The permanent floating body has the functions of lifting force and reducing swing: the lower bottom of the permanent floating body is a plane with a high front part and a low back part, and can generate the functions of lifting force, stabilization and stability maintenance when the aircraft carrier sails at a high speed;

secondly, the lower bottom plane of the permanent floating body has the full-time damping and anti-rolling function; when the aircraft carrier transversely shakes, the bottom plane of the permanent floating body can generate a water resistance opposite to the shaking direction, the rolling amplitude (including pitching or heaving) can be prevented or reduced, the full-time stabilization and stabilization functions are realized,

thirdly, the permanent floating body has full-time buoyancy anti-rolling function: the buoyancy of the permanent floating body is upward, when the aircraft carrier rocks leftward, the left side of the hull moves downward, the draft of the permanent floating body on the left side is increased, the generated buoyancy is increased, the direction of the buoyancy is upward and is opposite to the direction of the rocking, and therefore the rocking buoyancy generated by the permanent floating body can prevent or reduce the leftward rocking of the aircraft carrier; the same is true for shaking to the right; so the permanent floating body has the full-time buoyancy anti-rolling function;

the permanent floating body has the functions of buoyancy and inclination resistance: in the same way as the third step, the permanent floating body has the full-time buoyancy anti-inclination function;

the damping anti-rolling, buoyancy anti-rolling and anti-inclination effects of the permanent floating body are all-weather and all-time, and the greater the rolling frequency is, the more obvious the anti-rolling and anti-inclination effects are;

this is a great benefit for safe take-off and landing of carrier-based aircraft (especially helicopters).

The permanent floating body also has the beneficial effects of stealth, heat preservation, corrosion resistance, sinking resistance and the like.

(2) The permanent floating cabin in the ship, the permanent floating body outside the ship and the enough solid anti-sinking air bag are all reserved buoyancy, so that the aircraft carrier can float on the water surface without sinking, the safety of the aircraft carrier and the water soldier can be improved, and the viability and the fighting capacity are improved.

Claims

1. A stealth and anti-sinking lifesaving method for an aircraft carrier; the stealth coating is characterized in that the diffuse reflection and deep wave absorption stealth coating is used on the premise of not changing the external structure shape of an aircraft carrier (comprising other ships or other water surface floating equipment, the same below)Will be provided with Every reflecting surface on the surface of the aircraft carrier becomes a diffuse reflecting surface,whereby the reflected signal is alteredDirection, reducing the reflected signal consistent with the incident direction, and realizing the stealth effect of reducing the reflection sectional area of the radar; is further characterized in thatIn stealth paint coatings Part constructs multiple mode three-dimensional wave-absorbing structure(the signal can be refracted when passing through the wall of the coating bubble + the refracted signal can be subjected to multiple diffuse reflections when encountering the inner wall of the bubble, so that the reflection direction of the residual small amount of axis signals can be further changed multiple times, and simultaneously, high-frequency electronic polarization is generated on the surface of the three-dimensional bubble medium, so that heat is dissipated, and the reflected energy of the signal is lost), thereby realizing deep wave-absorbing stealth;

the anti-sinking device is characterized by comprising enough foam solid air bags, a permanent floating body, a permanent floating cabin in a ship, a control system of various trigger mechanisms and a solid air bag filling system, and is further characterized in that: the anti-sinking air bags are normally stacked in the bow-string type storage cabinet, and the hard low-density polyurethane foaming agent is filled into the air bags for foaming, expansion and ejection in emergency, so that the anti-sinking solid foam air bag group which is not afraid of gun penetration and air leakage is formed; the permanent floating body and the permanent floating cabin are provided with floating wave-absorbing foam with compatible stealth function.

2. The method of claim 1Change the reflecting surface at every position of the surface into a diffuse reflecting surfaceAndin stealth paint coatings Part constructs multiple mode three-dimensional wave-absorbing structureThe method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing a two-component polyurethane foaming agent (commonly called black and white material, in a ratio of 1: 1) and ferrite nano powder (other wave absorbing agents can be used instead for preventing shells of ships such as aircraft carriers and the like from being magnetized and increasing ferromagnetism), then carrying out seamless spraying on the surface of the aircraft carrier or the surface of other objects by using a high-pressure polyurethane spraying machine, foaming and curing to form a polyurethane and ferrite foam layer (the polyurethane foam is of a closed-cell bubble structure, and each small bubble is equivalent to one small bubble)Hollow sphere) (ii) a The bubble structure of polyurethane foam is used as a carrier to form a structural layer with ferrite hollow spheres (ferrite small bubbles) from the outside to the inside, so that the surface of an aircraft carrier or a target body is covered with a diffuse reflection stealth coating (the thickness is adjusted according to stealth requirements or different target bodies) formed by a plurality of ferrite hollow spheres, and detection signals are detected in the ferrite gasThe bubble surface generates diffuse reflection, and the reflection direction of most radar signals is changed; when the remaining few axis signals pass through the ferrite bubbles, refraction and multiple diffuse reflection on the inner walls of the bubbles occur, so that the reflection direction of the axis signals is thoroughly changed, and meanwhile, high-frequency electronic polarization is generated on the surface of a ferrite bubble medium, so that the energy of magnetic field signals is changed into heat to be dissipated, the signals lose the reflected energy, and the deep absorption of radar wave magnetic field components is realized.

3. The method of claim 1Change the reflecting surface at every position of the surface into a diffuse reflecting surfaceAndin stealth paint coatings Part constructs multiple mode three-dimensional wave-absorbing structureThe method comprises the following steps of uniformly mixing a double-component polyurethane foaming agent and graphene or graphite nano powder, and then carrying out seamless spraying on the surface of the previous coating by using a high-pressure polyurethane spraying machine, foaming and curing the mixture into a foam layer (the thickness of the foam layer is adjusted according to stealth requirements or different targets) with graphene or graphite hollow spheres (carbon bubbles) from the outside to the inside, so that the optimal diffuse reflection surface consisting of the graphene or graphite hollow spheres is formed on the surface of the aircraft carrier or the target, detection signals are subjected to diffuse reflection on the surface of the graphene or graphite bubbles, and the directions of most of the reflection signals are changed; when a few axis signals pass through the carbon bubbles, refraction and multiple diffuse reflection of the inner walls of the bubbles occur, so that the reflection direction of the axis signals is thoroughly changed; meanwhile, high-frequency electronic polarization is generated on the surface of the carbon bubble medium, so that signal energy is changed into heat to be dissipated, reflected energy is lost, and the effect of deep absorption of radar wave electric field components in multiple three-dimensional modes in the coating is realized.

4. The method of claim 1Change the reflecting surface at every position of the surface into a diffuse reflecting surfaceThe mixed solution of polyurea and graphene is sprayed on the surface of the second coating to form a very tough polyurea graphene protective layer and an optimal graphene diffuse reflection surface, the reflection surface at each position of an aircraft carrier or a target is changed into the diffuse reflection surface, the reflection direction of most detection signals is changed, and the deep layer of the coating is superposed to absorb waves in multiple modes, so that the reflection echo signals are reduced by at least four orders of magnitude.

5. The air bag (1) as claimed in claim 1 is an E-shaped closed air bag made of high-strength flexible synthetic fiber cloth as a stressed framework and PVC as an airtight coating, and is connected with a ship body by a surrounding binding type binding belt and a binding belt fixing head or a pin shaft type fixing base.

6. The airbag of claim 1 normally stacked in a bowstring storage cabinet, the cabinet door having an arcuate and flat shape, the cabinet door having flexible cloth strings disposed therein, the airbag expanding to compress the strings and push the cabinet door open.

7. The permanent floating body of claim 1 is an outer floating hollow box body which is arranged on the whole freeboard outside the ship shell in the periphery and is internally provided with a steel skeleton supporting plate, and the box body is filled with floating wave-absorbing foam of polyurethane foam and graphite nano powder;

the bottom of the permanent floating body is a plane which is perpendicular to the hull and extends outwards, and the bottom is high at the bow and low at the stern.

8. The permanent floating cabin of claim 1, wherein places which are inconvenient to use in a ship are made into hollow boxes, hard low-density polyurethane foaming agents are filled in the boxes, foaming agents are also injected into narrow cavities or hollow partitions and interlayers during outfitting, the hard low-density polyurethane foaming agents are directly sprayed in the narrow spaces and heat-insulating pipelines which are inconvenient to use, and polyurea waterproof coatings are sprayed on the surfaces of the narrow spaces and heat-insulating pipelines after curing to form a plurality of individuals with permanent floatability.

9. The control system of claim 1 is composed of a tilt sensor (2), a remote water depth detector or pressure sensor, a large float liquid level switch and a manual switch.

10. The system for filling a rigid low-density polyurethane foaming agent according to claim 1, which is a pipe network type, and a plurality of high-pressure polyurethane foaming machines are respectively provided with a plurality of mixing gun heads to simultaneously fill the polyurethane foaming agent into the air bags.