CN113817390A - Novel three-dimensional diffuse reflection and wave absorption compatible stealth coating - Google Patents

Novel three-dimensional diffuse reflection and wave absorption compatible stealth coating Download PDF

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CN113817390A
CN113817390A CN202010623543.4A CN202010623543A CN113817390A CN 113817390 A CN113817390 A CN 113817390A CN 202010623543 A CN202010623543 A CN 202010623543A CN 113817390 A CN113817390 A CN 113817390A
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diffuse reflection
reflection
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曹伟华
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Shanghai Tianfu High Technology Development Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a novel three-dimensional diffuse reflection and wave absorption compatible stealth coating; the method can be widely applied to compatible stealth of buildings such as airplanes, tanks, missile launching vehicles, military bases, airports (including runways and hangars) and the like; the method is characterized in that the surface of the target body can be changed into a diffuse reflection surface and a deep multiple wave absorption mode without changing the appearance structure of the target body, the reflection direction of a detection signal is changed, and a received echo signal is reduced by four orders of magnitude (ten thousand times); the small hollow sphere structure or the small paraboloid structure of the coating forms an optimal diffuse reflection surface and a deep refraction + multiple diffuse reflection + three-dimensional medium surface to generate high-frequency electronic polarization, so that the direction of a reflected signal is changed for multiple times, and the signal energy is changed into heat to be dissipated; the radar/infrared/noise compatible stealth is realized, and the surface strength and the toughness of a target body are greatly improved.

Description

Novel three-dimensional diffuse reflection and wave absorption compatible stealth coating
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to stealth paint for military equipment such as airplanes and the like.
Background
Modern war is a relatively large amount of science and technology. Beyond visual range radar, infrared, sonar detection and anti-detection measures are main measures. Who mastered the advanced attack and defense techniques can master the initiative of war to win victory.
The over-the-horizon detector mainly takes radar as a main part. Regardless of the type of detection, a common working principle is to detect the target using the reflected signal. If there is no reflected signal or the reflected signal is very weak, the lock target cannot be found. The larger the reflection area is, the more the reflected signal is, and the stronger the signal received by the radar is; and only the reflected signal consistent with the incident direction can be received by the radar; practice proves that: the radar reflection cross section area of the flat plate is four orders of magnitude (10000 times) larger than that of the sphere. This is because the diffuse reflection occurs on the surface of the sphere, most of the radar waves are diffusely reflected by the sphere to other directions, and only a few of the electromagnetic waves whose reflection directions are consistent with the incident direction are received by the radar. Therefore, the spherical or spherical, parabolic surface with the same projection area is reduced by four orders of magnitude (10000 times) compared with the plane reflection echo signal. Therefore, the nose and the fuselage of the airplane are both made into a pointed parabolic rotating body or an inclined body, which is not only used for reducing wind resistance but also used for forming a diffuse reflection surface and reducing the radar reflection area.
The main means for eliminating or reducing signal reflection at present is to reduce the reflection sectional area and change the plane reflection into irregular inclined plane diffuse reflection as much as possible; secondly, coating stealthy paint to absorb waves and assist stealthy. For example, the shapes of the fighter plane 20, the fighter plane 31, the fighter plane F35 and the fighter plane F22 are all made into irregular inclined plane shapes, namely, the reflection direction of signals is changed to the utmost extent, a diffuse reflection plane is constructed, and the reflection cross section is reduced.
Therefore, the change of the appearance of the airplane and the construction of the diffuse reflection of the inclined plane are decisive factors of the stealth of the airplane;
however, changing the profile of the aircraft sacrifices much of the aerodynamics and aircraft performance; in addition, the airplane in service can not change the appearance structure to realize stealth, so that a large number of active airplanes fly in a naked state.
The existing stealth paint is a two-dimensional plane type, and no matter what chemical components, diffuse reflection can not be formed to reduce the reflection sectional area; and the plane stealth coating has a limited wave absorbing range (not broadband compatible wave absorbing) and a limited wave absorbing capacity (not capable of absorbing waves in a three-dimensional multi-dimension and multi-mode), so that the stealth effect of the plane is obviously insufficient.
The invention overcomes the defects that the existing stealth coating has no three-dimensional diffuse reflection surface structure and three-dimensional multi-dimensional wave absorption in various modes, and provides the multifunctional compatible stealth coating with three-dimensional diffuse reflection and three-dimensional wave absorption in various modes. Under the condition of not changing the appearance of a target body, the stealth capability of radar/infrared/noise multifunctional compatibility is realized (the method can be widely applied to buildings needing stealth, such as airplanes, missile launching vehicles, missile launching shafts, airports, hangars, barracks, military fire houses, command posts, radar stations and the like). Therefore, the probability of detecting and finding target bodies such as airplanes and the like is reduced, the survival rate and the fighting capacity of the airplane are improved, and the most direct military benefit is obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
1. The technical scheme and the stealth principle are as follows:
(1) on the premise of not changing the external structure shape of the airplane or the target body, the reflecting surface at each position of the surface of the airplane or the target body is changed into a diffuse reflecting surface, so that the direction of a reflected signal is changed, the reflected signal with the same incident direction is reduced, and the stealth effect of reducing the reflection sectional area of the radar is realized; furthermore, three-dimensional deep signal refraction and multiple diffuse reflection are constructed in the coating, and the reflection directions of the remaining few axis signals are further changed; meanwhile, high-frequency electronic polarization is generated on the surface of a three-dimensional medium in the coating, heat dissipation is generated, signals lose reflected energy, and the three-dimensional deep wave-absorbing stealth effect is achieved.
(2) A double-component polyurethane foaming agent (commonly called black and white material, with the proportion of 1: 1) is used as a matrix carrier and ferrite nano powder (or other high-permeability material nano powder),after being uniformly mixed, the mixture is sprayed on the surface of an airplane or other object surfaces in a seamless way by a high-pressure polyurethane spraying machine, and the mixture is foamed and cured into a polyurethane and ferrite foam layer (the polyurethane foam is of a closed cell structure, and each small bubble is equivalent to a hollow sphere)(ii) a The bubble structure of polyurethane foam is used as a carrier to form a structure layer with ferrite hollow spheres (ferrite small bubbles) from the outside to the inside, so that a diffuse reflection stealth coating (the thickness is adjusted according to stealth requirements or different targets) consisting of numerous ferrite hollow spheres is covered on the surface of an airplane or a target, detection signals are subjected to multiple diffuse reflection and refraction on the surface of the ferrite bubbles and the inner wall of the bubbles, and the direction of most of reflection signals is changed; meanwhile, high-frequency electronic polarization is generated on the surface of the ferrite bubble medium, signal energy is changed into heat to be dissipated, the signal loses reflected energy, and the effect of deep absorption of radar wave magnetic field components in multiple three-dimensional modes in the coating is achieved.
(3) Spraying a mixed solution of a two-component polyurethane foaming agent and graphene or graphite nano powder on the surface of the first coating, foaming and curing to form a polyurethane and graphene or graphite hollow sphere (carbon bubble) structure layer from the outside to the inside, covering the surface of the airplane or the target with a diffuse reflection stealth coating (the thickness is adjusted according to stealth requirements or different targets) consisting of numerous graphene or graphite hollow spheres, forming an optimal diffuse reflection surface consisting of the graphene or graphite hollow spheres on the surface of the airplane or the target, and generating diffuse reflection on the surface of the graphene or graphite bubbles by detection signals to change the direction of most reflection signals; when a few axis signals pass through the carbon bubbles, refraction and multiple diffuse reflection of the inner walls of the bubbles occur, so that the reflection direction of the axis signals is thoroughly changed; meanwhile, high-frequency electronic polarization is generated on the surface of the carbon bubble medium, so that signal energy is changed into heat to be dissipated, reflected energy is lost, and the effect of deeply absorbing the electric field component of radar waves is realized.
(4) Then the mixed solution of polyurea and graphene is sprayed on the surface of the second layer of coating,
a very tough polyurea graphene protection layer and an optimal graphene diffuse reflection surface are formed, each reflection surface of an airplane or a target body is changed into a diffuse reflection surface, the reflection directions of most detection signals are changed, and wave absorption is carried out in multiple three-dimensional and three-dimensional modes of deep layers in two coatings in a superposed mode, so that the radar reflection sectional area of the airplane or the target body is reduced by at least four orders of magnitude, and radar/infrared stealth is realized.
Practice proves that the spherical or spherical and paraboloidal waves with the same projection area are reduced by four orders of magnitude (10000 times) compared with plane reflection echo signals. The latest anti-stealth resonant radar signal is enhanced by 1-2 orders of magnitude (10-100 times) at most; therefore, the diffuse reflection surface coating and deep, multi-dimensional and multi-mode wave absorption have strong stealth advantages.
When the detection signal irradiates the airplane, most of the signal is reflected to other places by the diffuse reflection layer on the surface, and the energy of the remaining one-tenth of direct axis signal is absorbed and dissipated by the graphene on the surface; after the residual extremely small quantity of axial direct signals break through the surface diffuse reflection surface, the residual axial direct signals enter the graphene or graphite foam layer and the ferrite foam layer and are absorbed and dissipated by multiple refraction and high-frequency electronic polarization heat generation;
therefore, the stealth coating can generate three-dimensional diffuse reflection, ferrite bubbles, multiple refraction of graphene bubbles, multiple diffuse reflection of the inner wall of the bubbles and heat dissipation of high-frequency electronic polarization of a bubble medium, and the wave-absorbing stealth effect of efficient diffuse reflection, multiple dimensionalities and multiple modes is realized.
In addition, the closed cell structure of the polyurethane foam has thermal insulation, can block and isolate infrared transmission, and realizes infrared stealth;
the elasticity of the foam bubble structure and the sound insulation and noise reduction effects can greatly reduce the resonance vibration of the aircraft skin and realize noise reduction and vibration reduction;
polyurea + graphene coatings can also greatly improve the surface strength of aircraft.
2. The material composition is as follows:
host material: a two-component spraying type self-foaming polyurethane foaming agent (commonly called as black material and white material with the proportion of 1: 1) is used for foaming into a low-density hard polyurethane foam layer, which is called as PU hard foam layer for short), and is not only a foaming matrix carrier but also an adhesive;
the main use performances are: the adhesive has strong adhesive capacity, and can be firmly adhered to the surfaces of concrete, masonry, steel, asphalt, various plastics, synthetic materials and the like;
the compressive strength is more than 300Kpa, the tensile strength is more than 400Kpa, and the wind uncovering resistance is very strong.
A, B two-component polyurea coating has very high strength and toughness, and is commonly used for spraying tank chassis and bulletproof helmets; adding a proper amount of graphene into the liquid B, stirring uniformly (graphite nano powder can also be used, the same is applied below), and then mixing with the liquid A for spraying uniformly. Other high strength adhesives, such as high strength resins, may also be used as the matrix adhesive.
③ graphene: the material has the best electric conduction and thermal conduction, can convert electric field energy in electromagnetic waves or signal energy such as other optical quanta and the like into heat to be dissipated, and has strong capability of absorbing the electric field of the electromagnetic waves. Here mainly as an electric field absorber in electromagnetic waves.
In addition, the graphene and polyurea coating have extremely high strength and toughness. The polyurea and graphene coating has very high strength and toughness, and after surface spraying, a target body has a very high defense strength and toughness protective layer.
Graphite nano powder: the wave absorbing performance is second to that of graphene.
Fifth, ferrite nano powder: the ferrite has strong capability of absorbing the magnetic field of electromagnetic waves, and when high-energy electromagnetic signals pass through, the ferrite resistance component can convert the magnetic field energy of high-frequency signals into heat energy to be dissipated. Here used as an absorber for absorbing electromagnetic wave magnetic fields and high frequency energy.
Detailed Description
1. Aircraft stealth:
aircraft stealth requirements are primarily radar/infrared stealth. The requirements for the stealth coating are wide frequency, light weight, thinness, high strength and good environmental resistance.
Firstly, uniformly mixing a two-component polyurethane foaming agent and ferrite nano powder, then carrying out seamless spraying on the surface of an airplane, and forming a seamless low-density hard polyurethane ferrite foam layer after foaming and curing, wherein the foam thickness is about 3 mm;
the function is as follows:
firstly, a ferrite three-dimensional diffuse reflection coating, multiple refractions of ferrite bubbles, multiple diffuse reflections of the inner wall of the bubbles and high-frequency electronic polarization of a bubble medium are formed on the surface of an airplane; the high-efficiency diffuse reflection and the wave absorption of the radar wave magnetic field components with multiple dimensions and multiple modes are realized;
the infrared barrier layer is formed to prevent high-temperature infrared rays in the machine body from radiating outwards and prevent the infrared radiation of the sun from raising the temperature of the machine body to generate an infrared background;
secondly, after the first layer is solidified, seamless spraying is carried out once by using a double-component polyurethane foaming agent and graphene mixed liquid, so as to form a seamless low-density hard polyurethane graphene foam coating, wherein the foam thickness is about 3 mm;
the function is as follows:
firstly, a heat dissipation coating of graphene three-dimensional diffuse reflection, multiple refraction of graphene bubbles, multiple diffuse reflection of inner walls of the graphene bubbles and high-frequency electron polarization of a graphene bubble medium is formed on the surface of a ferrite foam layer; the high-efficiency diffuse reflection and the wave absorption of the electric field components of the radar waves with multiple dimensions and multiple modes are realized;
a second infrared blocking foam layer is formed and is overlapped with the first infrared blocking layer, so that high-temperature infrared rays in the machine body are prevented from radiating outwards, and the infrared background generated by the temperature rise of the machine body due to the infrared radiation of the sun is also prevented;
thirdly, spraying polyurea and graphene mixed liquid on the second layer after the second layer is solidified;
the function is as follows:
firstly, an optimal diffuse reflection surface is formed, strong diffuse reflection is generated on a detection signal, and four orders of magnitude of reflection signals are reduced;
secondly, electric field components in the radar waves are absorbed and dissipated strongly;
and thirdly, the strength and the toughness of the whole surface coating are greatly improved.
The three coatings are superposed to realize radar/infrared/noise compatible stealth of the airplane.
2. Stealth in land and water buildings.
2.1 important military buildings such as a military fire depot, a hangar, a commanding organ, a burger, a sentry house, a missile launching shaft and the like can be thickly sprayed with a mixed solution of a polyurethane foaming agent and ferrite nano powder (the thickness of solidified foam is about 100-120 mm);
after the polyurethane foam is solidified, spraying a mixed solution of a polyurethane foaming agent and graphite nano powder (the thickness of the solidified foam is also 100-120 mm);
finally spraying a mixed solution of polyurea coating and graphene or graphite nano powder on the surface layer by 1-3 mm;
radar/infrared stealth is achieved. But also has the functions of heat preservation, corrosion prevention, water prevention, sound insulation and high-strength anti-strike protection.
2.2 stealth of airport runways:
firstly, spraying wear-resistant, anti-skid and waterproof elastic polyurea coating (polyurea coating for road marking) and mixing ferrite nano powder;
secondly, after curing, spraying wear-resistant, skid-proof and waterproof polyurea elastomer coating (polyurea coating for road marking) and graphene or graphite nano powder mixed coating.
Radar/infrared (after sunlight irradiates the runway, the heat is absorbed and the temperature is raised, and infrared rays are radiated to the air) compatible stealth is realized; also very good resilient non-slip characteristics and very good impact surface strength and toughness.
2.3 the stealth of the mobile equipment such as ground radar stations, anti-pilot systems, missile launching vehicles, tanks, armored vehicles and the like is the same as the stealth method of the airplane.
Advantageous effects
1. Radar, infrared and noise can be compatible and invisible without changing the appearance structure of the target bodies such as airplanes and the like;
2. the invention relates to an unobvious combined stealth coating, which is characterized in that a building heat-insulating low-density hard polyurethane foam and polyurea building waterproof coating is transferred to the field of stealth coatings;
3. the bubble structure of the polyurethane foam not only changes the two-dimensional reflecting surface of the target body into a three-dimensional diffuse reflecting surface, so that the reflected echo is reduced by four orders of magnitude, but also realizes the deep wave absorption of three-dimensional multiple modes, and greatly improves the stealth effect;
4. the target body has improved anti-striking capability, corrosion resistance, water resistance, wear resistance and heat preservation, and the strength and the service life of the target body are greatly enhanced. The problem of compatible stealth of any solid target which people want to solve but can not solve all the time is solved.

Claims (4)

1. A novel three-dimensional diffuse reflection and wave absorption compatible stealth coating; the method is characterized in that on the premise of not changing the structure or the external shape of the airplane or the target body, the reflecting surface at each position of the surface of the airplane or the target body is changed into a diffuse reflecting surface, so that the direction of a reflected signal is changed, the reflected signal consistent with the incident direction is reduced, and the stealth effect of reducing the reflection sectional area of the radar is realized; the further characteristic is that three-dimensional signal refraction and deep multiple diffuse reflection are constructed in the coating, and the reflection direction of the remaining few axis signals is further changed; meanwhile, high-frequency electronic polarization is generated on the surface of the three-dimensional medium, and generated heat is dissipated, so that the signal loses reflected energy, and deep wave absorption is realized.
2. The method for changing the reflection surface of each part of the surface of an airplane or an object into a diffuse reflection surface and a multi-mode deep wave-absorbing coating according to claim 1, which comprises the steps of using a two-component polyurethane foaming agent (commonly known as black and white materials, in a ratio of 1: 1), ferrite nano powder (or other better high-permeability material nano powder), uniformly mixing, using a high-pressure polyurethane spraying machine to perform seamless spraying, foaming and curing on the surface of the airplane or the surface of the other object to form a polyurethane and ferrite foam layer (the polyurethane foam is of a closed-cell bubble structure, and each small bubble is equivalent to a hollow sphere); the bubble structure of polyurethane foam is used as a carrier to form a structural layer which is composed of ferrite hollow spheres (ferrite small bubbles) from the outside to the inside, so that a diffuse reflection stealth coating (the thickness is adjusted according to stealth requirements or different targets) which is composed of a plurality of ferrite hollow spheres is covered on the surface of an airplane or a target, the magnetic field component of a detection signal generates diffuse reflection on the surface of the ferrite bubbles, and the reflection direction of the magnetic field component signal in most radar waves is changed; when the remaining few axis signals pass through the ferrite bubbles, refraction and multiple diffuse reflection on the inner walls of the bubbles occur, so that the reflection direction of the axis signals is thoroughly changed, and meanwhile, high-frequency electronic polarization is generated on the surface of a ferrite bubble medium, so that the energy of magnetic field signals is changed into heat to be dissipated, the signals lose the reflected energy, and the deep absorption of radar wave magnetic field components is realized.
3. The method for changing the reflection surface of each part of the surface of the airplane or the target body into the diffuse reflection surface and the deep wave-absorbing coating in multiple modes according to claim 1 is to use a two-component polyurethane foaming agent and graphene or graphite nano powder, mix the two-component polyurethane foaming agent and the graphene or graphite nano powder uniformly, use a high-pressure polyurethane spraying machine to spray the surface of the previous coating in a seamless manner, foam the foam layer into which the graphene or graphite hollow spheres (carbon bubbles) are arranged from the front to the back (the thickness is adjusted according to stealth requirements or different targets), so that the optimal diffuse reflection surface formed by the graphene or graphite hollow spheres is formed on the surface of the airplane or the target body, and detection signals generate diffuse reflection on the surface of the graphene or the graphite bubbles, so that the directions of most reflection signals are changed; when a few axis signals pass through the carbon bubbles, refraction and multiple diffuse reflection of the inner walls of the bubbles occur, so that the reflection direction of the axis signals is thoroughly changed; meanwhile, high-frequency electronic polarization is generated on the surface of the carbon bubble medium, so that signal energy is changed into heat to be dissipated, reflected energy is lost, and the effect of deep absorption of radar wave electric field components in multiple three-dimensional modes in the coating is realized.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reflecting surface of each part of the surface of the aircraft or the target body is changed into a diffuse reflecting surface, the surface of the second coating layer is sprayed with a polyurea-graphene mixed solution to form a very tough polyurea-graphene protective layer and an optimal graphene diffuse reflecting surface, the reflecting surface of each part of the aircraft or the target body is changed into a diffuse reflecting surface, the reflecting direction of most detection signals is changed, deep three-dimensional multi-mode wave absorption in two coating layers is superposed, the radar reflecting sectional area of the aircraft or the target body is reduced by at least four orders of magnitude, and radar/infrared stealth is realized.
CN202010623543.4A 2020-06-21 2020-06-21 Novel three-dimensional diffuse reflection and wave absorption compatible stealth coating Pending CN113817390A (en)

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