CN113875465A - Method for preventing and treating psylla and yellow shoot in citrus orchard - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating psylla and yellow shoot in citrus orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN113875465A CN113875465A CN202111181470.9A CN202111181470A CN113875465A CN 113875465 A CN113875465 A CN 113875465A CN 202111181470 A CN202111181470 A CN 202111181470A CN 113875465 A CN113875465 A CN 113875465A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of citrus orchard control, in particular to a method for controlling psyllids and yellow shoot in a citrus orchard, which comprises the following steps: s1, planting a protection forest; s2, spraying a medicament on the protection forest, S3, S4, driving, S5 and treating in time period. The agent is sprayed on the periphery of a citrus orchard to plant a shelter forest, a first circle is a plant with anorexia psyllid, a second circle is a plant with anorexia psyllid, another plant with anorexia psyllid is planted in the second circle, the plant with anorexia psyllid is planted in the gap of the first circle, the first circle and the second circle are separated by one meter, and the plant with anorexia is: any one of murraya paniculata, lavender and mint, wherein the plant which is favored by the diaphorina citri is carried out in the third circle, the other plant which is favored by the diaphorina citri is carried out in the fourth circle, the plants are aligned with the second circle, and the interval is kept consistent with that of the second circle; the ultrasonic device is used, and a physical means and the living habit of the psyllids are applied, so that the problem of the psyllids is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of citrus orchard control, in particular to a method for controlling psyllids and yellow shoot in a citrus orchard.
Background
Psyllids (Latin school name: Psylidae) are animals of the family Homoptera Psyllidae. The psyllid feed is distributed around the world, 1001 types are known in China and belong to the genus 113, and the length of the psyllid body is 0.37-6.50 mm, and the length of the body wing is 1.39-7.14 mm; the tentacles are planted in the tentacle fossae at the base of the anterior buccal cone at the top of the head, and 2 tentacles are arranged at the ends; the mouth organ is of a piercing-sucking type and is positioned on the ventral surface of the head, and the mouth needle is hidden in the beak and extends out from the space between the two basal sections of the forefoot. All nymphs of psyllids stab plant sap and have very limited ability to fly, and mainly inhabit bud scales, scars and bark cracks.
The psylla is propagated in a citrus orchard, so that yellow dragon disease of the citrus orchard is easily generated, when the yellow dragon disease is prevented, the psylla is treated firstly, researches show that the psylla does not exist, the yellow dragon disease is not generated, a plurality of treatment means are provided at present, physical means, chemical means and the like are used, the psylla cannot be cleaned by the physical means, the chemical means easily cause drug resistance of the psylla, and the psylla is difficult to clean in the past,
disclosure of Invention
In view of the above disadvantages in the prior art, a first object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling psyllid and yellow shoot in a citrus orchard, which uses two means, namely a physical means and a living habit of psyllid, to solve the problem of psyllid, and to solve the problems in the background art as much as possible.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for preventing and controlling psyllids and yellow shoot diseases in a citrus orchard comprises the following steps:
s1, planting a protection forest: planting a protection forest at the periphery of the citrus orchard to increase the shade degree of the orchard, so that the protection forest is not suitable for psylla chinensis;
s2, spraying a medicament by the protection forest: the peripheral protection forest is sprayed with an attractant, and the inner protection forest is sprayed with an aversion agent;
s3, driving: arranging an ultrasonic driving device inside the citrus orchard;
s4, spraying the medicament: spraying a medicament inside the citrus orchard;
s5, time slot processing: and carrying out treatment in different methods at different time periods.
By adopting the technical scheme, the problems of the psyllids are solved by using a physical means and a living habit of the psyllids by two means, so that the problems of the psyllids are solved, and meanwhile, the problem of the yellow dragon disease is solved.
The invention is further configured to: in step S1, the detected settings are:
1) planting plants with anorexia of diaphorina citri at a position close to a citrus orchard, namely planting plants at a first circle at an interval of one meter, continuously planting another plant with anorexia of diaphorina citri at a second circle, and planting plants at a gap of the first circle at an interval of one meter between the first circle and the second circle;
2) and continuously planting another citrus psyllid anorexia-resistant plant in the second circle, and planting at the gap of the first circle, wherein the first circle and the second circle are separated by one meter, and the anorexia-resistant plant is: any one of folium Et cacumen Murrayae, Lavender, and herba Menthae;
3) aligning the plants which are favored by the diaphorina citri in the third circle with the first circle, and keeping the interval consistent with that of the first circle;
4) and another plant which is favored by the diaphorina citri is aligned with the second circle in the fourth circle, and the interval is kept consistent with the second circle.
By adopting the technical scheme: the living habits of the psyllids are used for preventing and treating the plants with anorexia on the periphery, the psyllids are prevented from approaching, the plants which are favorite to eat inside attract the psyllids, and the protection forest can be planted on the periphery of the citrus orchard, so that the shading degree of the orchard is increased, and the psyllids are not suitable for the psyllids.
The invention is further configured to: the peripheral protective forest is sprayed with attractant, and the inner protective forest is sprayed with repellent.
By adopting the technical scheme: the use of the attractant and the repellent enables the use effect of the plant with the psylla at the inner circle and the plant at the outer circle to be better.
The invention is further configured to: in step S4, the step of preparing the pharmaceutical preparation includes the following steps;
1) and preparing a medicament: scraping conidia from the PDA culture medium by using a sterile sporulation scraper of the rejuvenated aspergillus, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ for later use;
2) dissolving in silk and agar residue before use, filtering, and passing the mother liquor through 0.05% Tween;
3) stirring with a magnetic stirrer for 30min, filtering, and making the bacteria into conidium mother liquor, wherein the concentration of the mother liquor is determined by a blood counting chamber;
4) and storing the mother solution in a rubber bottle containing nutrient solution, refrigerating the rubber bottle at 4 ℃, and preserving at constant temperature for later use.
By adopting the technical scheme: the aspergillus can kill the larva of the psylla better, and simultaneously, one activity of the mother liquor is kept, so that the psylla cannot increase the drug resistance.
The invention is further configured to: in the step S4, the spraying method includes:
1) detecting the mother liquor contained in the nutrient solution-containing rubber bottle to ensure the activity of the sprayed mother liquor;
2) diluting the mother liquor by using pure water, keeping the temperature of the water at 4 ℃, and then adding the diluted mother liquor into a sprayer for spraying, wherein the sprayer is an unmanned aerial vehicle spraying device;
3) during spraying, the moving speed is adjusted to be 2m/s, and the spraying speed is 1m3And/s, the height is 1m above the citrus tree, and the spraying is carried out twice.
By adopting the technical scheme: the mother solution can be uniformly sprayed on the citrus trees and the branches at the top of the citrus trees, so that the spraying effect is better.
The invention is further configured to: the step S5 includes the following steps:
1) performing S4 procedure at the egg producing period;
2) when the adult grows, the step S3 is carried out for processing;
3) and digging pits in gaps of the orchard during the leaf falling period, and cleaning all fallen leaves into the pits for burying.
By adopting the technical scheme: the pertinence is strong, and different treatment methods are used in the unused period, so that the effect is more obvious.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the known public technology, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a planting protection forest: planting a shelter forest at the periphery of a citrus orchard to increase the shade of the orchard and make the shelter unsuitable for psyllids, planting a plant with anorexia of citrus psyllids at a position close to the citrus orchard, wherein a first circle of plants is planted at intervals of one meter, another plant with anorexia of citrus psyllids is continuously planted in a second circle, a gap between the first circle and the second circle is planted, another plant with anorexia of citrus psyllids is continuously planted in the second circle, a gap between the first circle and the second circle is planted, the plants with anorexia of citrus psyllids are separated by one meter, and the plants with anorexia are: any one of murraya paniculata, lavender and mint, the plant which is favored by the diaphorina citri in the third circle is aligned with the first circle, the interval is kept consistent with the first circle, the other plant which is favored by the diaphorina citri in the fourth circle is aligned with the second circle, the interval is kept consistent with the second circle, an ultrasonic device is used, physical means and living habits of the diaphorina citri are used, the two means are used for solving the problem of the diaphorina citri, the living habits of the diaphorina citri are used for preventing and treating, the plants which are anorexia at the periphery are used for preventing the approach of the diaphorina citri, the favorite plants at the inner part are used for attracting the diaphorina citri, a protective forest can be planted at the periphery of the diaphorina citri garden to increase the shade degree of the orchard and enable the diaphorina to be not suitable for the occurrence of the diaphorina citri, an ultrasonic driving device is arranged in the interior of the diaphorina citri garden, the ultrasonic driving is used for driving the diaphorina citri away from the orchard and enters the external protective forest, the effect is better, the pertinence is strong, and different treatment methods are used in the unused period, so that the effect is more obvious.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A method for preventing and controlling psyllids and yellow shoot diseases in a citrus orchard comprises the following steps:
s1, planting a protection forest: planting a protection forest at the periphery of the citrus orchard to increase the shade degree of the orchard, so that the protection forest is not suitable for psylla chinensis;
1) planting plants with anorexia of diaphorina citri at a position close to a citrus orchard, namely planting plants at a first circle at an interval of one meter, continuously planting another plant with anorexia of diaphorina citri at a second circle, and planting plants at a gap of the first circle at an interval of one meter between the first circle and the second circle;
2) and continuously planting another citrus psyllid anorexia-resistant plant in the second circle, and planting at the gap of the first circle, wherein the first circle and the second circle are separated by one meter, and the anorexia-resistant plant is: any one of folium Et cacumen Murrayae, Lavender, and herba Menthae;
3) the third circle is aligned with the first circle, the interval is consistent with the first circle, and the favorite plant is: evergreen trees, Chinese roses and the like can bloom for a long time;
4) and another plant which is favored by the diaphorina citri is aligned with the second circle in the fourth circle, and the interval is kept consistent with the second circle.
S2, spraying a medicament by the protection forest: the peripheral protection forest is sprayed with an attractant, the protection forest in the inner ring is sprayed with an aversion agent, and the peripheral protection forest is sprayed with the attractant which consists of the following components in parts by weight: 1-5% of alpha-pinene, 50-80% of D-limonene, 1-5% of ocimene, 1-5% of linalool, 10-20% of gamma-terpinene, 1-5% of naphthalene, 1-5% of n-tetradecane, 1-5% of linalyl acetate, 1-5% of methyl salicylate, 1-5% of lauric acid, 1-5% of citral and 1-5% of acetic acid, and a repellent is sprayed on the protection forest in the inner ring, wherein the repellent consists of the following components: 1-2 parts of hairyvein agrimony, 3-6 parts of aloe, 2-3 parts of fructus ulmi, 10-15 parts of marigold, 3-7 parts of mint, 6-10 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 3-4 parts of aconitine, 7-11 parts of pomegranate bark, 8-12 parts of tea saponin, 5.6-8.7 parts of emulsifier, 3-5 parts of penetrating agent and 4-7 parts of stabilizing agent;
s3, driving: set up the ultrasonic wave in the inside in oranges and tangerines garden and drive the device, the model that the ultrasonic wave used is: DQS-4B33-2, power 4w, power 220V/50HZ, applicable area 80-100m2One for each hundred flat parts, arranged in a groined shape;
s4, spraying the medicament: spraying a medicament inside the citrus orchard;
the preparation method of the medicament comprises the following steps;
1) and preparing a medicament: scraping conidia from PDA culture medium by using a sterile sporulation scraper for the rejuvenated aspergillus, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ for later use, wherein the ratio of aspergillus: the plant growth is carried by the plant, and the effect of killing the psylla chinensis is good;
2) dissolving in silk and agar residue before use, filtering, and passing the mother liquor through 0.05% Tween;
3) stirring with a magnetic stirrer for 30min, filtering, and making the bacteria into conidium mother liquor, wherein the concentration of the mother liquor is determined by a blood counting chamber;
4) and storing the mother solution in a rubber bottle containing nutrient solution, refrigerating the rubber bottle at 4 ℃, and preserving at constant temperature for later use.
The spraying method comprises the following steps:
1) detecting the mother liquor contained in the nutrient solution-containing rubber bottle to ensure the activity of the sprayed mother liquor;
2) diluting the mother liquor by using pure water, keeping the temperature of the water at 4 ℃, and then adding the diluted mother liquor into a sprayer for spraying, wherein the sprayer is an unmanned aerial vehicle spraying device;
3) during spraying, the moving speed is adjusted to be 2m/s, and the spraying speed is 1m3And/s, the height is 1m above the citrus tree, and the spraying is carried out twice.
S5, time slot processing: and carrying out treatment in different methods at different time periods.
1) Performing S4 procedure at the egg producing period;
2) when the adult grows, the step S3 is carried out for processing;
3) and digging pits in gaps of the orchard during the leaf falling period, and cleaning all fallen leaves into the pits for burying.
Comparative example 1
This example is substantially the same as the method of example 1 provided, with the main differences being: in step S2, attractant and repellent are not sprayed;
comparative example 2
This example is substantially the same as the method of example 1 provided, with the main differences being: in step S1, a common shelter forest is planted.
Comparative example 3
This example is substantially the same as the method of example 1 provided, with the main differences being: in step S4, the mother solution is not stored in a rubber bottle containing a nutrient solution, and the rubber bottle is stored at a constant temperature at 4 ℃.
Performance testing
The method for preventing and treating the psylla and the yellow shoot in the citrus orchard, which is provided by the embodiment 1 and the comparative examples 1 to 3, respectively takes the same amount of the effect of preventing and treating the psylla, the drug resistance result and the yellow shoot control effect:
as can be seen from the analysis of the relevant data in the tables above, according to the present invention, 1) plants having anorexia citriodorata were planted at a position close to the citrus orchard, the plants were planted at intervals of one meter for the first circle, another plant having anorexia citriodorata was continuously planted in the second circle, the plants were planted at intervals of the first circle, and the first circle and the second circle were spaced at intervals of one meter;
2) and continuously planting another citrus psyllid anorexia-resistant plant in the second circle, and planting at the gap of the first circle, wherein the first circle and the second circle are separated by one meter, and the anorexia-resistant plant is: any one of folium Et cacumen Murrayae, Lavender, and herba Menthae;
3) aligning the plants which are favored by the diaphorina citri in the third circle with the first circle, and keeping the interval consistent with that of the first circle;
4) and another plant which is favored by the diaphorina citri is aligned with the second circle in the fourth circle, and the interval is kept consistent with the second circle.
The living habits of the psyllids are used for preventing and treating the plants with anorexia on the periphery, the psyllids are prevented from approaching, the plants which are favorite to eat inside attract the psyllids, and the protection forest can be planted on the periphery of the citrus orchard, so that the shading degree of the orchard is increased, and the psyllids are not suitable for the psyllids.
Spraying a medicament on the protection forest: the peripheral protection forest is sprayed with attractant, the protection forest in the inner ring is sprayed with repellent, the peripheral protection forest is sprayed with attractant, and the protection forest in the inner ring is sprayed with repellent.
The protection effect can be better.
1) And preparing a medicament: scraping conidia from the PDA culture medium by using a sterile sporulation scraper of the rejuvenated aspergillus, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ for later use;
2) dissolving in silk and agar residue before use, filtering, and passing the mother liquor through 0.05% Tween;
3) stirring with a magnetic stirrer for 30min, filtering, and making the bacteria into conidium mother liquor, wherein the concentration of the mother liquor is determined by a blood counting chamber;
4) storing the mother solution in a rubber bottle containing nutrient solution, refrigerating the rubber bottle at 4 ℃, and preserving at constant temperature for later use;
1) detecting the mother liquor contained in the nutrient solution-containing rubber bottle to ensure the activity of the sprayed mother liquor;
2) diluting the mother liquor by using pure water, keeping the temperature of the water at 4 ℃, and then adding the diluted mother liquor into a sprayer for spraying, wherein the sprayer is an unmanned aerial vehicle spraying device;
3) during spraying, the moving speed is adjusted to be 2m/s, and the spraying speed is 1m3And/s, the height is 1m above the citrus tree, and the spraying is carried out twice.
The activity of the mother liquor is kept, so that the effect of controlling the psylla is better.
Driving: set up the ultrasonic wave in the inside in oranges and tangerines garden and drive the device, use the ultrasonic wave to drive, make the psylla keep away from the orchard, enter into outside protection forest, the effect is better.
1) Performing S4 procedure at the egg producing period;
2) when the adult grows, the step S3 is carried out for processing;
3) and digging pits in gaps of the orchard during the leaf falling period, and cleaning all fallen leaves into the pits for burying.
The pertinence is strong, and different treatment methods are used in the unused period, so that the effect is more obvious.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preventing and controlling psyllids and yellow shoot diseases in a citrus orchard is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, planting a protection forest: planting a protection forest at the periphery of the citrus orchard to increase the shade degree of the orchard, so that the protection forest is not suitable for psylla chinensis;
s2, spraying a medicament by the protection forest: the peripheral protection forest is sprayed with an attractant, and the inner protection forest is sprayed with an aversion agent;
s3, driving: arranging an ultrasonic driving device inside the citrus orchard;
s4, spraying the medicament: spraying a medicament inside the citrus orchard;
s5, time slot processing: and carrying out treatment in different methods at different time periods.
2. The method for controlling psyllids and huanglongbing in a citrus orchard according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, planting the shelter forest includes the following steps:
1) planting plants with anorexia of diaphorina citri at a position close to a citrus orchard, namely planting plants at a first circle at an interval of one meter, continuously planting another plant with anorexia of diaphorina citri at a second circle, and planting plants at a gap of the first circle at an interval of one meter between the first circle and the second circle;
2) and continuously planting another citrus psyllid anorexia-resistant plant in the second circle, and planting at the gap of the first circle, wherein the first circle and the second circle are separated by one meter, and the anorexia-resistant plant is: any one of folium Et cacumen Murrayae, Lavender, and herba Menthae;
3) aligning the plants which are favored by the diaphorina citri in the third circle with the first circle, and keeping the interval consistent with that of the first circle;
4) and another plant which is favored by the diaphorina citri is aligned with the second circle in the fourth circle, and the interval is kept consistent with the second circle.
3. The method for controlling psyllids and huanglongbing in a citrus orchard according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, the outer forest shelter sprays the attractant, and the inner forest shelter sprays the repellent.
4. The method for controlling psyllids and huanglongbing in a citrus orchard according to claim 1, wherein: in step S4, the step of preparing the pharmaceutical preparation includes the following steps;
1) and preparing a medicament: scraping conidia from the PDA culture medium by using a sterile sporulation scraper of the rejuvenated aspergillus, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ for later use;
2) dissolving in silk and agar residue before use, filtering, and passing the mother liquor through 0.05% Tween;
3) stirring with a magnetic stirrer for 30min, filtering, and making the bacteria into conidium mother liquor, wherein the concentration of the mother liquor is determined by a blood counting chamber;
4) and storing the mother solution in a rubber bottle containing nutrient solution, refrigerating the rubber bottle at 4 ℃, and preserving at constant temperature for later use.
5. The method for controlling psyllid and huanglongbing in citrus orchard according to claim 4, wherein: in the step S4, the spraying method includes:
1) detecting the mother liquor contained in the nutrient solution-containing rubber bottle to ensure the activity of the sprayed mother liquor;
2) diluting the mother liquor by using pure water, keeping the temperature of the water at 4 ℃, and then adding the diluted mother liquor into a sprayer for spraying, wherein the sprayer is an unmanned aerial vehicle spraying device;
3) during spraying, the moving speed is adjusted to be 2m/s, and the spraying is carried outThe speed of the sprinkling is 1m3And/s, the height is 1m above the citrus tree, and the spraying is carried out twice.
6. The method for controlling psyllid and huanglongbing in citrus orchard according to claim 1, wherein the step S5 comprises the following steps:
1) performing S4 procedure at the egg producing period;
2) when the adult grows, the step S3 is carried out for processing;
3) and digging pits in gaps of the orchard during the leaf falling period, and cleaning all fallen leaves into the pits for burying.
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