CN113865089A - Double-condenser heat pump water heater system with auxiliary defrosting structure - Google Patents
Double-condenser heat pump water heater system with auxiliary defrosting structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN113865089A CN113865089A CN202111149342.6A CN202111149342A CN113865089A CN 113865089 A CN113865089 A CN 113865089A CN 202111149342 A CN202111149342 A CN 202111149342A CN 113865089 A CN113865089 A CN 113865089A
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- heat pump
- condenser
- refrigerant
- water heater
- heater system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
- F24H4/02—Water heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
- F25B39/04—Condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/37—Capillary tubes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
- F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
- F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
- F25B47/025—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting by reversing the cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2347/00—Details for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion
- F25B2347/02—Details of defrosting cycles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a double-condenser heat pump water heater system with an auxiliary defrosting structure, which comprises a heat pump circulation and a water supply flow path; the heat pump cycle comprises a refrigerant channel of an evaporator, a four-way reversing valve, a compressor, a refrigerant channel of a condenser, an auxiliary defrosting structure, a liquid storage tank, a refrigerant channel of a subcooler and a throttle valve which are connected in sequence through pipelines, wherein the throttle valve is connected with the refrigerant channel of the evaporator to form a cycle; the water supply flow path comprises a water channel of the subcooler and a water channel of the condenser which are sequentially connected through a pipeline. Compared with the prior art, the direct-heating air source heat pump water heater can improve the performance and the variable working condition adaptability of the direct-heating air source heat pump water heater, simultaneously prevent a water channel from freezing in the defrosting process, select different heat exchanger structures according to different heat exchange characteristics of condensation and supercooling, improve the heat exchange efficiency, increase the degree of supercooling before the valve and improve the cycle performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heat pump water heater system, in particular to a double-condenser heat pump water heater system with an auxiliary defrosting structure.
Background
Hot water supply is one of the important links for guaranteeing the quality of modern life. Under the background of double carbon, the air source heat pump water heater with high efficiency and energy saving becomes a mainstream commercial product, and is gradually entering the civil market at present. In a commercial scene, a circulation heating type heat pump matched with a large heat storage water tank can provide stable heating capacity, so that the circulation heating type heat pump is more favored. However, in a civil scenario, due to space limitations, a direct-heating heat pump water heater that directly supplies tap water after heating the tap water to a set temperature becomes a better choice.
The temperature difference of inlet and outlet water of the direct-heating heat pump is large, and in order to achieve good heat exchange matching and system energy efficiency, the condensation side of the heat pump cycle needs to be matched with a large supercooling degree. However, the heat exchange coefficients and physical properties of the refrigerant in the two-phase region and the supercooling region are greatly different, so that the heat exchange area is not fully utilized in the same condenser structure, thereby reducing the heat exchange efficiency. If a large supercooling degree is to be realized, the condenser needs a large heat exchange area, and the cost is increased.
In addition, because the heat source of the air-source heat pump is ambient air, in order to ensure stable and efficient operation under variable working conditions, a liquid storage tank is usually added in the system to store or provide redundant refrigerant. To minimize the volume, a receiver tank is usually added on the high pressure side, i.e., the condenser outlet. However, since the receiver is in a two-phase state, it will inhibit the formation of condenser outlet subcooling. The addition of a reservoir directly to a direct heat pump would result in significant degradation of system performance.
The defrosting mode of the air source heat pump is indispensable, and reverse cycle defrosting is one of the mature defrosting schemes at present. The reverse cycle defrosting of the heat pump water heater absorbs heat from the water circuit, and because the temperature of the directly-heated inlet water is low, the risk of freezing the water circuit exists in the defrosting mode.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a double-condenser heat pump water heater system with an auxiliary defrosting structure, which can improve the performance and variable working condition adaptability of a direct-heating air source heat pump water heater and simultaneously prevent a water channel from freezing in the defrosting process.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention aims to protect a double-condenser heat pump water heater system with an auxiliary defrosting structure, which comprises a heat pump circulation and a water supply flow path;
the heat pump cycle comprises a refrigerant channel of an evaporator, a four-way reversing valve, a compressor, a refrigerant channel of a condenser, an auxiliary defrosting structure, a liquid storage tank, a refrigerant channel of a subcooler and a throttle valve which are connected in sequence through pipelines, wherein the throttle valve is connected with the refrigerant channel of the evaporator to form a cycle;
the water supply flow path comprises a water channel of the subcooler and a water channel of the condenser which are sequentially connected through a pipeline.
In the water supply flow path, water is input from the water passage of the subcooler and is output from the water passage of the condenser.
Further, the auxiliary defrosting structure comprises a capillary tube and a one-way valve which are connected in parallel.
Further, the check valve allows passage of refrigerant from the refrigerant passage outlet of the condenser to the inlet of the reservoir.
Further, the evaporator is a refrigerant-air heat exchanger, and the evaporator comprises a refrigerant channel and an air channel which exchange heat with each other.
Furthermore, two interfaces of the four-way reversing valve are respectively communicated with an air suction port and an air exhaust port of the compressor, and the other two interfaces of the four-way reversing valve are respectively communicated with refrigerant channels of the evaporator and the condenser.
Further, the liquid storage tank is used for adjusting the refrigerant charging quantity of the variable working condition system.
Furthermore, the double-condenser heat pump water heater system comprises two modes of heating and defrosting, wherein tap water firstly enters a subcooler to be heated for the first section and then enters a condenser to be heated for the second time to reach a set temperature, and then is sent out.
Furthermore, in a heating mode, a 7A interface of the four-way reversing valve is communicated with a 7B interface, and a 7C interface is communicated with a 7D interface;
under the defrosting mode, the 7A interface and the 7D interface of the four-way reversing valve are communicated, the 7B interface and the 7C interface are communicated, and the throttle valve is kept fully opened.
Further, the circulation medium in the heat pump cycle is a refrigerant, and the water flow in the water supply flow path is tap water.
The heat pump water heater can realize two modes of heating and defrosting.
In the heating mode, low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid in the heat pump circulation loop is vaporized in the evaporator to absorb heat, low-grade heat energy of ambient air is absorbed, then the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant liquid enters the compressor through the four-way reversing valve and is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas, and the high-temperature gas is condensed in the condenser to release heat. When the refrigerant fluid passes through the auxiliary defrosting structure, most of the refrigerant fluid enters the liquid storage tank from the one-way valve flow path due to the pressure drop balance principle. The saturated refrigerant liquid from the liquid storage tank enters the subcooler to be further subcooled, and finally is changed into low-temperature and low-pressure liquid again through the throttle valve.
Tap water entering the heat pump enters the subcooler for first-stage heating, enters the condenser for secondary heating to a set temperature and then is sent out.
In the defrosting mode, a four-way reversing valve of the heat pump system is reversed, and a throttle valve is kept fully opened. High-temperature and high-pressure gas discharged from the compressor enters the evaporator to be condensed and release heat, and defrosting is carried out on an evaporator coil. The high-pressure fluid from the evaporator passes through the fully-opened throttle valve and then enters the subcooler to preheat tap water. The high-pressure fluid from the subcooler firstly passes through the liquid storage tank and then passes through the auxiliary defrosting structure, and because the flow direction is opposite to the flow direction allowed by the one-way valve, all the fluid passes through the capillary flow path, is throttled into low-temperature low-pressure liquid, then enters the condenser to be evaporated and absorb heat, absorbs heat from the water path, and finally becomes low-temperature low-pressure gas to return to the air suction port of the compressor.
The core of innovation of the invention is as follows:
1. splitting an original condenser of the direct-heating heat pump water heater into a condenser and a subcooler, carrying out a two-phase condensation process on refrigerant fluid in the condenser, and carrying out a liquid subcooling process in the subcooler; 2. a liquid storage tank is additionally arranged between the condenser and the subcooler; 3. an auxiliary defrosting structure is arranged between the condenser and the liquid storage tank and comprises a check valve and a capillary tube which are connected in parallel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effect that.
1. If a single condenser is adopted, the design of the heat exchanger takes the dominant two-phase heat exchange process as the reference, when the refrigerant reaches the supercooling section, the density of the refrigerant is increased, the flow speed is reduced, the heat exchange coefficient is obviously attenuated, and the full heat exchange is difficult to form and a larger supercooling degree is generated. According to the invention, by splitting the original condenser, the heat pump water heater can select different heat exchanger structures according to different heat exchange characteristics of condensation and supercooling, so that the heat exchange efficiency is improved, the degree of supercooling before the valve is increased, and the cycle performance is improved;
2. by arranging the liquid storage tank, the adaptability of the heat pump water heater to variable working conditions is improved, and the heat pump water heater has the capability of stable operation under the extremely low temperature working condition; meanwhile, the outlet of the condenser is ensured to be in a saturated state, and the condensation and supercooling division are realized;
3. according to the invention, by designing the auxiliary defrosting structure, the throttling element of the heat pump cycle in the defrosting mode is changed into the capillary tube, and the subcooler can further preheat the water channel, so that the freezing condition of the water channel is prevented. Meanwhile, the auxiliary defrosting structure is simple, extra control equipment is not needed, and the reliability is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of example 1.
In the figure, 1 is a compressor (1A is an air suction port, 1B is an air exhaust port), 2 is a condenser, 3 is a liquid storage tank, 4 is a subcooler, 5 is a throttle valve, 6 is an evaporator, 7 is a four-way reversing valve, 8 is an auxiliary defrosting structure, 9 is a one-way valve, and 10 is a capillary tube.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchange process between refrigerant fluid and water in the subcooler and condenser in heating mode;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchange process between refrigerant fluid and water in the subcooler and condenser during defrost mode.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Example 1
The double-condenser heat pump water heater system with the auxiliary defrosting structure in the embodiment comprises a heat pump cycle and a water supply flow path, and the structure is shown in fig. 1.
The heat pump cycle comprises a refrigerant channel of an evaporator 6, a four-way reversing valve 7, a compressor 1, a refrigerant channel of a condenser 2, an auxiliary defrosting structure 8, a liquid storage tank 3, a refrigerant channel of a subcooler 4 and a throttle valve 5 which are connected in sequence, wherein the throttle valve 5 is connected with the refrigerant channel of the evaporator 6 to form a cycle.
The auxiliary defrost structure 8 comprises a capillary tube 10 and a check valve 9 connected in parallel, the check valve 9 allowing passage of refrigerant in a direction from the outlet refrigerant passage of the condenser 2 to the inlet of the receiver tank 3.
The water supply flow path is: tap water introduced into the heat pump firstly enters the subcooler 4, then enters the condenser 2 after coming out of the subcooler 4, and finally is supplied out.
The evaporator 6 is provided with a refrigerant-air passage. Provided with refrigerant channels and air channels, an alternative common type being a finned tube heat exchanger.
The condenser 2 and the subcooler 4 are refrigerant-secondary refrigerant heat exchangers, and are provided with refrigerant channels and secondary refrigerant channels, and the common types are plate heat exchangers, double-pipe heat exchangers and the like.
The throttle valve 5 may be a common throttle device such as an electronic expansion valve, and is used for controlling the degree of superheat at the outlet and regulating the flow of refrigerant.
The fluid in the check valve 9 can only flow in one direction and cannot flow in the opposite direction, and the check valve is also called a check valve or a check valve.
The condenser 2 and the subcooler 4 have a refrigerant-coolant passage.
The refrigerant of the heat pump system may be a conventional synthetic refrigerant, such as R410A, R134a, R1234yf, etc.
The heat pump water heater can realize two modes of heating and defrosting.
In the heating mode, tap water entering the heat pump firstly enters the subcooler 4 for first-stage heating, then enters the condenser 2 for secondary heating to a set temperature, and then is sent out.
The principle of the heat pump working medium is as follows: the 7A interface of the four-way reversing valve is communicated with the 7B interface, and the 7C interface is communicated with the 7D interface. The low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant liquid is vaporized in the evaporator 6 to absorb heat and absorb low-grade heat energy of ambient air, then enters the compressor 1 through the four-way reversing valve 7 to be compressed into high-temperature high-pressure gas, and the high-temperature gas is condensed in the condenser 2 to release heat. When the refrigerant fluid passes through the auxiliary defrosting structure 8, most of the refrigerant fluid enters the liquid storage tank 3 from the flow path of the check valve 9 due to the pressure drop balance principle. The saturated refrigerant liquid from the liquid storage tank 3 enters the subcooler 4 to be further subcooled and finally becomes low-temperature and low-pressure liquid again through the throttle valve 5.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchange process between refrigerant fluid and water in a subcooler and condenser in a heating mode.
In the defrosting mode, the working principle of a water supply flow path is unchanged, and the heat pump circulation principle is as follows:
the 7A interface and the 7D interface of the four-way reversing valve 7 are communicated, the 7B interface and the 7C interface are communicated, and the throttle valve 5 is kept fully opened. High-temperature and high-pressure gas discharged from the compressor 1 enters the evaporator 6 through the four-way reversing valve 7 to be condensed and released, and a coil of the evaporator 6 is defrosted. The high-pressure fluid from the evaporator 6 passes through the throttle valve 5 which is fully opened, and then enters the subcooler 4 to preheat tap water. The high-pressure low-temperature fluid from the subcooler 4 firstly passes through the liquid storage tank 3 and then passes through the auxiliary defrosting structure 8, and because the flow direction is opposite to the flow direction allowed by the one-way valve 9, all the fluid passes through the capillary tube 10, is throttled into low-temperature low-pressure liquid, then enters the condenser 2 to be evaporated and absorb heat, absorbs heat from the water path, and finally turns into low-temperature low-pressure gas to return to the air suction port 1A of the compressor 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchange process between refrigerant fluid and water in the subcooler and condenser during defrost mode. Through setting up supplementary defrosting structure, the circulating throttling element of heat pump becomes the capillary under the defrosting mode, and the subcooler preheats the water route, has effectively avoided the frozen risk in water route.
In the above embodiments, all components of the refrigeration cycle are not completely shown, and in the implementation process, the filter, the dryer, the gas-liquid separator and other common refrigeration accessories are arranged in the refrigerant circuit, which cannot be regarded as substantial improvements made in the present invention, and shall fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A double-condenser heat pump water heater system with an auxiliary defrosting structure is characterized by comprising a heat pump cycle and a water supply flow path;
the heat pump cycle comprises a refrigerant channel of an evaporator (6), a four-way reversing valve (7), a compressor (1), a refrigerant channel of a condenser (2), an auxiliary defrosting structure (8), a liquid storage tank (3), a refrigerant channel of a subcooler (4) and a throttle valve (5) which are sequentially connected through pipelines, wherein the throttle valve (5) is connected with the refrigerant channel of the evaporator (6) to form a cycle;
the water supply flow path comprises a water channel of the subcooler (4) and a water channel of the condenser (2) which are sequentially connected through a pipeline.
2. The dual condenser heat pump water heater system with the auxiliary defrosting structure according to claim 1, wherein the supply water is inputted from the water passage of the subcooler (4) and outputted from the water passage of the condenser (2) in the supply water flow path.
3. The double condenser heat pump water heater system with auxiliary defrost structure according to claim 1 characterized by the auxiliary defrost structure (8) comprising capillary tubes (10) and check valves (9) connected in parallel.
4. The dual condenser heat pump water heater system with the auxiliary defrosting structure according to claim 3, wherein the check valve (9) allows passage of the refrigerant from the outlet of the refrigerant passage of the condenser (2) to the inlet of the receiver tank (3) in the direction of passage.
5. The double condenser heat pump water heater system with the auxiliary defrosting structure according to claim 1, wherein the evaporator (6) is a refrigerant-air heat exchanger, and the evaporator (6) includes a refrigerant passage and an air passage which exchange heat with each other.
6. The double condenser heat pump water heater system with the auxiliary defrosting structure according to claim 1, wherein two ports of the four-way reversing valve (7) are respectively communicated with the suction port and the exhaust port of the compressor (1), and the other two ports of the four-way reversing valve (7) are respectively communicated with refrigerant passages of the evaporator (6) and the condenser (1).
7. A dual condenser heat pump water heater system with an auxiliary defrost structure as in claim 1 wherein said receiver tank is used for variable duty system refrigerant charge adjustment.
8. The double-condenser heat pump water heater system with the auxiliary defrosting structure according to claim 1, wherein the double-condenser heat pump water heater system comprises two modes of heating and defrosting, and in the two modes, tap water firstly enters the subcooler (4) for first-stage heating and then enters the condenser (2) for second-stage heating to a set temperature and then is sent out.
9. The double-condenser heat pump water heater system with the auxiliary defrosting structure as claimed in claim 8, wherein in the heating mode, the 7A port of the four-way reversing valve (7) is communicated with the 7B port, and the 7C port is communicated with the 7D port;
under the defrosting mode, a 7A interface and a 7D interface of the four-way reversing valve (7) are communicated, a 7B interface and a 7C interface are communicated, and the throttle valve (5) is kept fully opened.
10. The dual condenser heat pump water heater system with the auxiliary defrosting structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein a circulating medium in the heat pump cycle is a refrigerant, and a water flow in the water supply flow path is a tap water.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111149342.6A CN113865089B (en) | 2021-09-29 | 2021-09-29 | Double-condenser heat pump water heater system with auxiliary defrosting structure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111149342.6A CN113865089B (en) | 2021-09-29 | 2021-09-29 | Double-condenser heat pump water heater system with auxiliary defrosting structure |
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| CN113865089A true CN113865089A (en) | 2021-12-31 |
| CN113865089B CN113865089B (en) | 2023-02-07 |
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2021
- 2021-09-29 CN CN202111149342.6A patent/CN113865089B/en active Active
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| CN111795517A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-10-20 | 同济大学 | Air source heat pump based on liquid excess cold and heat recovery defrosting technology |
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| Title |
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| CN113865089B (en) | 2023-02-07 |
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