CN113839034A - Sodium ion battery negative electrode material, preparation method thereof and sodium ion battery - Google Patents

Sodium ion battery negative electrode material, preparation method thereof and sodium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113839034A
CN113839034A CN202111114870.8A CN202111114870A CN113839034A CN 113839034 A CN113839034 A CN 113839034A CN 202111114870 A CN202111114870 A CN 202111114870A CN 113839034 A CN113839034 A CN 113839034A
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product
negative electrode
ion battery
sodium
electrode material
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张思伟
方邹强
张冉冉
杨磊
赵建伟
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Shenzhen Huasuan Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/049—Manufacturing of an active layer by chemical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention relates to a sodium ion battery cathode material, a preparation method thereof and a sodium ion cathode, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving glucose and graphene oxide in deionized water to carry out hydrothermal reaction to obtain a hydrothermal product; freeze-drying the hydrothermal product to obtain a dried product; and carrying out heat treatment on the dried product to obtain the sodium ion negative electrode material. The biomass carbon glucose is used as a raw material, before heat treatment, the glucose and graphene oxide are subjected to hydrothermal reaction, and then heat treatment is carried out. In the hydrothermal treatment, glucose and graphene oxide are subjected to self-assembly and a certain degree of reduction reaction, less oxygen-containing functional groups are removed to form a three-dimensional carbon sheet structure, and after the hydrothermal treatment, the specific surface area of a product can be obviously reduced, and the first coulomb efficiency of the sodium-ion battery is improved.

Description

Sodium ion battery negative electrode material, preparation method thereof and sodium ion battery
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sodium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a sodium ion battery cathode material, a preparation method thereof and a sodium ion battery.
Background
With the rapid expansion of the application field of lithium ion batteries from portable electronic devices to electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage, the demand for lithium is increasing continuously, but the application of the lithium ion batteries in large-scale energy storage systems such as smart grids and renewable energy sources is limited by the limited lithium resources and the higher price.
The sodium ion battery is a battery system similar to the lithium ion battery, adopts metal sodium with more abundant resources, has the outstanding advantages of low cost and good performance, and is widely considered to be widely applied to the fields of power batteries, large-scale energy storage devices, smart power grids and the like. Sodium ion batteries have a similar working principle as lithium ion batteries, but the large radius of sodium ions makes the selection of electrode materials thereof particularly difficult. At present, the research is difficult to find the matrix material capable of rapidly and stably extracting sodium ions. For example, graphite has excellent lithium storage properties, but the relatively large sodium ions do not match the interlayer spacing of graphite and cannot be reversibly intercalated between graphite layers effectively, resulting in a very low sodium storage capacity of only 30 mAh/g. Therefore, finding a suitable sodium storage material remains a difficult task.
Many practical hard carbon materials have been developed as sodium ion battery anode materials, and these hard carbon materials are generally obtained by direct heat treatment of biomass materials. Such hard carbon materials generally have a large specific surface area and a high capacity, but have a disadvantage in that a side reaction occurs due to an excessively large specific surface area, resulting in an irreversible reaction during a first charge and discharge process, resulting in a decrease in a first coulombic efficiency of a battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a sodium-ion battery cathode material, a preparation method thereof and a sodium-ion battery, which are used for solving the technical problem that the first coulombic efficiency of the battery in the prior art is reduced.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a sodium-ion battery cathode material, which comprises the following steps:
dissolving glucose and graphene oxide in deionized water to carry out hydrothermal reaction to obtain a hydrothermal product;
freeze-drying the hydrothermal product to obtain a dried product;
and carrying out heat treatment on the dried product to obtain the sodium ion negative electrode material.
Preferably, the step of dissolving glucose and graphene oxide in deionized water for hydrothermal reaction to obtain a three-dimensional carbon sheet product includes:
fully mixing glucose and graphene oxide to obtain a mixture;
and adding deionized water into the mixture, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 180 ℃ for 8h to obtain the hydrothermal product.
Preferably, the concentration of the graphene oxide is 2 mg/mL.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the glucose to the graphene oxide is 100:1-400: 1.
Preferably, the hydrothermal product is freeze-dried to obtain a dried product, including:
centrifuging the hydrothermal product to obtain a filtered solid product;
washing the filtered solid product to obtain a washed product;
and (3) placing the washing product in a freeze drying box for freeze drying for 48 hours to obtain a dried product.
Preferably, the heat treatment of the dried product to obtain the sodium ion negative electrode material comprises:
and heating the dried product to 800-1500 ℃ in the atmosphere of inert gas, and preserving the heat for 2h to obtain the sodium ion negative electrode material.
Preferably, the inert gas is nitrogen or argon with a purity of 99.99%.
The invention discloses a sodium-ion battery cathode material prepared by the preparation method.
The third aspect of the invention also discloses a sodium-ion battery, which comprises a negative electrode, wherein the negative electrode comprises the sodium-ion battery negative electrode material and an auxiliary material.
Preferably, the auxiliary material includes a binder and a conductive agent.
Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the sodium-ion battery cathode material uses biomass carbon glucose as a raw material, and before heat treatment, the glucose and graphene oxide are subjected to hydrothermal reaction and then heat treatment. In the hydrothermal treatment, glucose and graphene oxide are subjected to self-assembly and a certain degree of reduction reaction, less oxygen-containing functional groups are removed to form a three-dimensional carbon sheet structure, and after the hydrothermal treatment, the specific surface area of a product can be obviously reduced, and the first coulomb efficiency of the sodium-ion battery is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is an SEM image of a sodium ion battery negative electrode material prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an SEM image of the negative electrode material of the sodium ion battery prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of the negative electrode material of the sodium-ion battery prepared in example 3 of the invention;
fig. 4 is an SEM image of the negative electrode material of the sodium ion battery prepared in example 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The use of clean energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy, etc. is greatly limited by factors such as geography, climate, etc. If the mobile equipment is powered by the clean energy, the power supply station and the electric equipment need to be connected by virtue of a secondary energy storage device. Therefore, there is a need to develop an energy storage system that is high in energy density, safe, inexpensive, and easy to recycle.
The study of sodium ion batteries began in the seventies of the twentieth century with researchers based on graphite/polyethylene oxide NaCF3SO3The Na cell investigated the electrochemical behavior of Na + with graphite. Due to the narrow spacing of the graphite carbon layers, the first stage of forming Na-graphite intercalation compound (Na-GIC) in the charging and discharging process is thermodynamically unstable, so that the energy density of the sodium-ion battery is extremely low (about 35mAh/g), and the cycle performance and the rate capability are poor. In 2000, Thomas et al pyrolyzed sucrose to obtain hard carbon with energy density over 200mAh/g, while the cellulose pyrolysis product had higher energy density (approaching 300mAh/g) and all had better cycle stability.
The interlayer spacing of the hard carbon is larger (more than or equal to 0.37nm), which is proved to have excellent electrochemical performance and become a widely used carbon source in the cathode of the sodium-ion battery. However, their performance depends on the precursor, particle size and manufacturing process, which presents challenges for practical applications. Therefore, it is of great strategic importance to develop a high-performance and low-cost hard carbon negative electrode material for sodium ion batteries.
When the electrolyte contacts the surface of the electrode, the electrolyte is firstly decomposed to form a SEI film on the surface of the electrode. The process of electrolyte decomposition requires the consumption of Na/K and is irreversible. Therefore, the Na/K participating in the decomposition of the electrolyte cannot contribute to the capacity. Resulting in a low initial coulombic efficiency of the battery. (coulombic efficiency ═ charge capacity/discharge capacity). Commercial batteries generally require a first coulombic efficiency of more than 90%, so the specific surface area of the electrode cannot be too large.
Based on the situation, the invention discloses a sodium ion battery cathode material, a preparation method thereof and a sodium ion battery, which comprises the following steps:
s1, dissolving glucose and graphene oxide in deionized water for hydrothermal reaction to obtain a hydrothermal product; the experimental expression is that when no graphene is added, the glucose hydrothermal product is an isolated carbon sphere; after the graphene oxide is added, the hydrothermal product is expressed as a three-dimensional carbon sheet structure. In the hydrothermal reaction process, the addition of the graphene oxide changes the morphology of the product on one hand, and removes a part of N element and O element on the other hand, so that the specific surface area of the product can be effectively reduced.
In a specific embodiment, the step S1 specifically includes:
s11, fully mixing glucose with graphene oxide with the concentration of 2mg/mL, wherein the mass ratio of the glucose to the graphene oxide is 100:1-400:1, and obtaining a mixture;
s12, adding deionized water into the mixture, and carrying out a hydrothermal reaction at 180 ℃ for 8h to obtain the hydrothermal product.
The reaction process is carried out in two steps, glucose and graphene oxide are fully mixed firstly, so that the mixing uniformity of the glucose and the graphene oxide is guaranteed, and then the glucose and the graphene oxide are added into deionized water for reaction, so that the actual reaction efficiency of the graphene oxide can be better improved.
S2, freeze-drying the hydrothermal product to obtain a dry product; in this scheme, freeze-drying can guarantee that hydrothermal product is inside to have better void fraction than direct oven drying.
In a specific embodiment, the step S2 specifically includes:
s21, carrying out centrifugal treatment on the hydrothermal product to obtain a filtered solid product; this process can be performed by either centrifugation or filtration, when the solid product is collected by centrifugation, the centrifugation speed is 8000-12000rpm, and the centrifugation time is 5-10 min.
S22, washing the filtered solid product to obtain a washing product;
the filtered solid product after centrifugation needs to be washed by deionized water to remove unreacted materials or other impurities, so that the purity of the washed product is ensured.
S23, placing the washing product in a freeze drying box for freeze drying for 48 hours to obtain a dried product.
The freeze drying process is to vacuum the mixture in the drying chamber for freezing and to eliminate water vapor from the mixture with the aid of condensator for complete dewatering.
And S3, carrying out heat treatment on the dried product to obtain the sodium ion negative electrode material. The heat treatment process aims to remove H element and O element in the glucose, and only C element is left.
In a specific embodiment, the step S3 specifically includes:
and heating the dried product to 800-1500 ℃ in the atmosphere of nitrogen or argon with the purity of 99.99 percent, and preserving the heat for 2h to obtain the sodium ion anode material, wherein the specific surface area of the product is reduced to the minimum when the heat treatment temperature is 1400-1500 ℃.
According to the preparation method of the sodium-ion battery cathode material, biomass carbon glucose is used as a raw material, before heat treatment, hydrothermal reaction is carried out on glucose and graphene oxide, and then heat treatment is carried out. In the hydrothermal treatment, glucose and graphene oxide are subjected to self-assembly and a certain degree of reduction reaction, less oxygen-containing functional groups are removed to form a three-dimensional carbon sheet structure, and after the hydrothermal treatment, the specific surface area of a product can be obviously reduced, and the first coulomb efficiency of the sodium-ion battery is improved.
In a specific embodiment, the invention also provides a sodium ion battery negative electrode material, which is prepared by adopting the preparation method.
In a specific embodiment, the invention also provides a sodium ion battery, which comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator and an electrolyte, wherein the negative electrode comprises the sodium ion battery negative electrode material and an auxiliary material.
Wherein the auxiliary material comprises:
adhesive: PVDF, CMC, SBR, LA 132. (polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a material having a high dielectric polymer; sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is a sodium salt;)
Conductive agent: conductive carbon black, graphene, carbon nanotubes, or a mixture of two or three thereof.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
Adding glucose into deionized water, and carrying out a hydrothermal reaction at 180 ℃ for 8h to obtain a hydrothermal product; centrifuging the hydrothermal product in a centrifuge with the centrifugal speed of 8000rpm for 5min, washing, freeze-drying in a freeze-drying box for 48h to obtain a dried product, heating the dried product to 1500 ℃ in the atmosphere of nitrogen with the purity of 99.99%, and preserving heat for 2h to obtain the sodium ion negative electrode material, wherein the field emission scanning electron microscope image of the sodium ion negative electrode material is shown in figure 1.
Example 2
Fully mixing glucose and graphene oxide (with the concentration of 2mg/mL) in a mass ratio of 400:1, adding the mixed materials into deionized water, and carrying out a hydrothermal reaction at 180 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain a hydrothermal product; centrifuging the hydrothermal product in a centrifuge with the centrifugal speed of 8000rpm for 5min, washing, freeze-drying in a freeze-drying box for 48h to obtain a dried product, heating the dried product to 800 ℃ in the atmosphere of nitrogen with the purity of 99.99%, and preserving heat for 2h to obtain the sodium ion negative electrode material, wherein the field emission scanning electron microscope image of the sodium ion negative electrode material is shown in fig. 2.
Example 3
Fully mixing glucose and graphene oxide (with the concentration of 2mg/mL) in a mass ratio of 200:1, adding the mixed materials into deionized water, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 180 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain a hydrothermal product; centrifuging the hydrothermal product in a centrifuge with the centrifugal speed of 12000rpm for 10min, washing, placing in a freeze drying box for freeze drying for 48h to obtain a dried product, heating the dried product to 1400 ℃ in the atmosphere of argon with the purity of 99.99%, and preserving the heat for 2h to obtain the sodium ion negative electrode material, wherein the field emission scanning electron microscope image of the sodium ion negative electrode material is shown in fig. 3.
Example 4
Fully mixing glucose and graphene oxide (with the concentration of 2mg/mL) in a mass ratio of 100:1, adding the mixed materials into deionized water, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 180 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain a hydrothermal product; centrifuging the hydrothermal product in a centrifuge with the centrifugal speed of 12000rpm for 10min, washing, placing in a freeze drying box for freeze drying for 48h to obtain a dried product, heating the dried product to 1500 ℃ in the atmosphere of argon with the purity of 99.99%, and preserving the heat for 2h to obtain the sodium ion negative electrode material, wherein the field emission scanning electron microscope image of the sodium ion negative electrode material is shown in fig. 4.
According to the experimental procedures of the above embodiments, the specific surface area of the obtained sodium ion negative electrode material and the first coulombic efficiency of the battery are analyzed, and the results are shown in the following table 1:
table 1 comparison table of performance of product sodium ion negative electrode material
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4
Specific surface area (m/g) 497 476 464 400
First coulombic efficiency (%) 50 70 80 90
As can be seen from fig. 1-4, the glucose hydrothermal product is an isolated carbon sphere without the addition of graphene; after the graphene oxide is added, the product shows a three-dimensional carbon sheet structure. And the more the amount of graphene oxide is increased, the more the flaky product is apparent. As can be seen from table 4, the more graphene is added, the higher the first coulombic efficiency of the battery.
In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
In view of the above description of the technical solutions provided by the present invention, those skilled in the art will recognize that there may be variations in the technical solutions and the application ranges according to the concepts of the embodiments of the present invention, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of a sodium-ion battery negative electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dissolving glucose and graphene oxide in deionized water to carry out hydrothermal reaction to obtain a hydrothermal product;
freeze-drying the hydrothermal product to obtain a dried product;
and carrying out heat treatment on the dried product to obtain the sodium ion negative electrode material.
2. The preparation method of the negative electrode material of the sodium-ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of dissolving glucose and graphene oxide in deionized water for hydrothermal reaction to obtain a hydrothermal product comprises:
fully mixing glucose and graphene oxide to obtain a mixture;
and adding deionized water into the mixture, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 180 ℃ for 8h to obtain the hydrothermal product.
3. The preparation method of the negative electrode material of the sodium-ion battery as claimed in claim 2, wherein the concentration of the graphene oxide is 2 mg/mL.
4. The preparation method of the sodium-ion battery negative electrode material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the glucose to the graphene oxide is 100:1-400: 1.
5. The method for preparing the negative electrode material of the sodium-ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrothermal product is obtained by freeze drying, and a dried product is obtained, and comprises the following steps:
centrifuging the hydrothermal product to obtain a filtered solid product;
washing the filtered solid product to obtain a washed product;
and (3) placing the washing product in a freeze drying box for freeze drying for 48 hours to obtain a dried product.
6. The method for preparing the negative electrode material of the sodium-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing heat treatment on the dried product to obtain the negative electrode material of the sodium-ion battery comprises the following steps:
and heating the dried product to 800-1500 ℃ in the atmosphere of inert gas, and preserving the heat for 2h to obtain the sodium ion negative electrode material.
7. The method for preparing the negative electrode material of the sodium-ion battery as claimed in claim 6, wherein the inert gas is nitrogen or argon with a purity of 99.99%.
8. The negative electrode material of the sodium-ion battery is characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A sodium ion battery comprising a negative electrode, characterized in that the negative electrode comprises the sodium ion battery negative electrode material of claim 9 and an auxiliary material.
10. The sodium ion battery of claim 9, wherein the auxiliary material comprises a binder and a conductive agent.
CN202111114870.8A 2021-09-23 2021-09-23 Sodium ion battery negative electrode material, preparation method thereof and sodium ion battery Pending CN113839034A (en)

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CN114477274A (en) * 2022-02-28 2022-05-13 中山大学 Sodium-ion battery negative electrode material and preparation method and application thereof
CN114506841A (en) * 2022-04-19 2022-05-17 中科南京绿色制造产业创新研究院 Biomass-graphene composite electrode material and preparation method and application thereof
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Application publication date: 20211224