CN113834383B - 一种夹层结构伪装网及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种夹层结构伪装网及其制备方法,所述夹层结构伪装网由面层、夹层和底层经包边和绗缝制成,所述面层是将基布两面涂覆阻燃涂料,烘干后,一面涂覆吸波涂料并烘干,再两面涂覆迷彩涂料,烘干后制成迷彩单色布,迷彩单色布经拼图和切花工艺制成面层;所述夹层是将网孔布浸渍吸波涂料,经烘干后制成;所述底层是将基布两面涂覆阻燃涂料,烘干后,一面涂覆吸波涂料并烘干,再两面涂覆红外涂料,经切孔制成。本发明的夹层结构伪装网为具备优异低频雷达伪装隐身性能的多频谱伪装网,且兼具防钩挂和阻燃性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于伪装隐身技术领域,具体涉及的是一种夹层结构伪装网所用的夹层材料的制备及伪装网结构制备方法。
背景技术
伪装隐身是作战保障的重要组成部分,是对抗军事侦察和攻击的有效手段。在高技术战争条件下,伪装的作用和地位显得更加突出。伪装网是最基本、最行之有效、效费比最高的隐身伪装器材之一。它的使用能降低直至消除目标的各种暴露特征,隐蔽目标的存在,是伪装效果最佳的伪装隐身器材。
伪装网的雷达波隐身机制可以描述为:雷达天线发射的电磁波,一部分由伪装网外层结构向四周散射掉,一部分进入伪装网结构,通过层间空间进行多次散射与吸收,最大限度地衰减电磁能量并由此获得宽频吸收效果,使车辆装备的雷达目标特征即RCS信号减弱到最小的程度。现有的多频谱伪装网通常为单层网(面网装饰布与骨架网组合)或双层网(面网装饰布与底网切孔布组合)的结构形式,可以实现装备在光学、红外、雷达和高光谱等多波段的伪装,但雷达波段低频吸波性能差,L波段雷达反射率高于-8dB,难以满足国军标一级雷达指标要求。本发明提供的夹层结构伪装网,在现有双层结构伪装网的基础上,辅以夹层作为低频强效吸收层,通过调控网孔布的网孔直径及吸波涂料的浸渍克重,可有效解决伪装网雷达低频波段的伪装性能,L波段雷达反射率可达-18dB,远优于一级雷达指标要求中-8dB的要求。
发明内容
本发明提供一种夹层结构伪装网及其制备方法,利用该制备方法可有效提高多频谱伪装网在雷达低频波段的伪装隐身性能。
本发明解决技术问题采用的技术方案是:
一种夹层结构伪装网,由面层、夹层和底层经包边和绗缝制成,其特征在于:所述面层是将基布两面涂覆阻燃涂料,烘干后,一面涂覆吸波涂料并烘干,再两面涂覆迷彩涂料,烘干后制成迷彩单色布,迷彩单色布经拼图和切花工艺制成面层;所述夹层是将网孔布浸渍吸波涂料,经烘干后制成;所述底层是将基布两面涂覆阻燃涂料,烘干后,一面涂覆吸波涂料并烘干,再两面涂覆红外涂料,经切孔制成。
本发明还提供了所述夹层结构伪装网的制备方法,是将基布两面涂覆阻燃涂料,烘干后,一面涂覆吸波涂料并烘干,再两面涂覆迷彩涂料,烘干后制成迷彩单色布,经拼图和切花工艺制成面层;将网孔布浸渍吸波涂料,经烘干后制成夹层;将基布两面涂覆阻燃涂料,烘干后,一面涂覆吸波涂料并烘干,再两面涂覆红外涂料,经切孔制成底层;伪装网由面层、夹层和底层经包边和绗缝制成。
具体地:
1)夹层用吸波涂料制备:
按吸波涂料中各组分的质量百分比为:蒸馏水15%~25%,胶黏剂65%~75%,吸收剂8%~12%,分散剂2.8%~4%,消泡剂0.1%~0.3%,增稠剂0.2%~2%,交联剂1.5%,称取蒸馏水、胶黏剂、吸收剂、分散剂和消泡剂,转速600r/min~1000r/min,分散20min~50min;再加入增稠剂、交联剂,转速500r/min~900r/min,分散15min~40min。制备得到夹层用吸波涂料;
2)面层、夹层和底层布制备:将基布两面涂覆阻燃涂料(常规),烘干后,一面涂覆吸波涂料(常规)并烘干,再两面涂覆迷彩涂料(常规),烘干后制成迷彩单色布,经拼图和切花工艺制成面层;将网孔布浸渍夹层用吸波涂料,经烘干后制成夹层;将基布两面涂覆阻燃涂料(常规),烘干后,一面涂覆吸波涂料并烘干,再两面涂覆红外涂料(常规),经切孔制成底层。
3)伪装网制备:面层、夹层和底层通过包边和绗缝工艺制成。
进一步地,网孔布的网孔直径为0.4mm~1mm。
进一步地,胶黏剂为水性聚氨酯胶黏剂、水性丙烯酸酯胶黏剂、水性环氧树脂胶黏剂或水性有机硅丙烯酸酯胶黏剂中的一种或几种。
进一步地,吸收剂为造粒炭黑、碳黑、石墨和碳纳米管中的一种或几种。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
1)本发明所提出的夹层结构伪装网,在实现多频谱伪装的基础上,优化提升其在雷达低频波段的伪装隐身性能。
2)本发明所提出的夹层结构伪装网制备工艺简单易行。
附图说明:
图1是实施例1中两种伪装网的(1-2GHz)雷达反射率曲线(样品尺寸500mm*500mm)。
图2是实施例1中两种伪装网的(2-18GHz)雷达反射率曲线(样品尺寸300mm*300mm)。
图3是实施例2中两种伪装网的(1-2GHz)雷达反射率曲线(样品尺寸500mm*500mm)。
图4是实施例2中两种伪装网的(2-18GHz)雷达反射率曲线(样品尺寸300mm*300mm)。
图5是实施例3中两种伪装网的(1-2GHz)雷达反射率曲线(样品尺寸500mm*500mm)。
图6是实施例3中两种伪装网的(2-18GHz)雷达反射率曲线(样品尺寸300mm*300mm)。
图7是实施例4中两种伪装网的(1-2GHz)雷达反射率曲线(样品尺寸500mm*500mm)。
图8是实施例4中两种伪装网的(2-18GHz)雷达反射率曲线(样品尺寸300mm*300mm)。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施案例,注意这些案例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
本发明中所述的阻燃涂料、迷彩涂料、红外涂料采用常规的商品化涂料即可。
为突出本发明优势,实施例1、实施例2和实施例3均选用,原材料组成、涂料配方和制备工艺完全相同的双层结构伪装网进行对比实验。
实施例4用于提供网孔直径及吸波涂料浸渍克重的筛选对比。
实施例1:
本发明中吸波涂料中各组分的配比为:蒸馏水20%,胶黏剂65%,吸收剂8.7%,分散剂3.2%,消泡剂0.1%,增稠剂1.5%,交联剂1.5%。
所述吸波涂料的制备工艺为:称取蒸馏水、胶黏剂、吸收剂、分散剂和消泡剂,转速900r/min,分散30min;再加入增稠剂、交联剂,转速700r/min,分散20min。
面层制备:基布两面涂覆阻燃涂料,烘干后,一面涂覆吸波涂料并烘干,再两面涂覆迷彩涂料,烘干后制成迷彩单色布,经拼图和切花工艺制成面层;
夹层制备:采用网孔直径为0.4mm的网孔布浸渍夹层用吸波涂料,经烘干后,网孔布单位面积浸渍量为20g/m2;
底层制备:将基布两面涂覆阻燃涂料,烘干后,一面涂覆吸波涂料并烘干,再两面涂覆红外涂料,经切孔制成底层。
面层、夹层和底层通过包边和绗缝工艺制成本发明夹层结构伪装网。
面层和底层通过包边和绗缝工艺制成双层结构伪装网。
测试此条件下制备的伪装网雷达反射率,如图1、图2。
上述条件下,制备得到的夹层结构伪装网在雷达1-2GHz雷达反射率均值为-15.72GHz;同等条件下,制备得到的双层结构伪装网雷达反射率均值为-3.26GHz。由此可见,夹层结构在保证雷达全波段伪装隐身性能的同时(如图2所示),可显著提高伪装网的雷达L波段伪装性能(如图1所示)。
实施例2:
本发明中吸波涂料中各组分的配比为:蒸馏水18%,胶黏剂66%,吸收剂10%,分散剂3.5%,消泡剂0.2%,增稠剂0.8%,交联剂1.5%。
所述吸波涂料的制备工艺为:称取蒸馏水、胶黏剂、吸收剂、分散剂和消泡剂,转速800r/min,分散25min;再加入增稠剂、交联剂,转速600r/min,分散20min
面层制备:基布两面涂覆阻燃涂料,烘干后,一面涂覆吸波涂料并烘干,再两面涂覆迷彩涂料,烘干后制成迷彩单色布,经拼图和切花工艺制成面层;
夹层制备:采用网孔直径为0.6mm的网孔布浸渍吸波涂料,经烘干后,网孔布单位面积浸渍量为30g/m2;
底层制备:将基布两面涂覆阻燃涂料,烘干后,一面涂覆吸波涂料并烘干,再两面涂覆红外涂料,经切孔制成底层。
面层、夹层和底层通过包边和绗缝工艺制成本发明夹层结构伪装网。
面层和底层通过包边和绗缝工艺制成双层结构伪装网。
测试此条件下制备的伪装网雷达反射率,如图3、图4。
上述条件下,制备得到的夹层结构伪装网在雷达1-2GHz雷达反射率均值为-18.54GHz;同等条件下,制备得到的双层结构伪装网雷达反射率均值为-6.17GHz。由此可见,夹层结构在保证雷达全波段伪装隐身性能的同时(如图4所示),可显著提高伪装网的雷达L波段伪装性能(如图3所示)。
实施例3:
本发明中吸波涂料中各组分的配比为:蒸馏水20%,胶黏剂65%,吸收剂10.1%,分散剂3.0%,消泡剂0.1%,增稠剂0.3%,交联剂1.5%。
所述吸波涂料的制备工艺为:称取蒸馏水、胶黏剂、吸收剂、分散剂和消泡剂,转速700r/min,分散30min;再加入增稠剂、交联剂,转速600r/min,分散15min。
面层制备:基布两面涂覆阻燃涂料,烘干后,一面涂覆吸波涂料并烘干,再两面涂覆迷彩涂料,烘干后制成迷彩单色布,经拼图和切花工艺制成面层;
夹层制备:采用网孔直径为1mm的网孔布浸渍吸波涂料,经烘干后,网孔布单位面积浸渍量为45g/m2;
底层制备:将基布两面涂覆阻燃涂料,烘干后,一面涂覆吸波涂料并烘干,再两面涂覆红外涂料,经切孔制成底层。
面层、夹层和底层通过包边和绗缝工艺制成本发明夹层结构伪装网。
面层和底层通过包边和绗缝工艺制成双层结构伪装网。
测试此条件下制备的伪装网雷达反射率,如图5、图6。
上述条件下,制备得到的夹层结构伪装网在雷达1-2GHz雷达反射率均值为-18.54GHz;同等条件下,制备得到的双层结构伪装网雷达反射率均值为-6.17GHz。由此可见,夹层结构在保证雷达全波段伪装隐身性能的同时(如图6所示),可显著提高伪装网的雷达L波段伪装性能(如图5所示)。
实施例4:
本发明中吸波涂料中各组分的配比为:蒸馏水20%,胶黏剂65%,吸收剂10%,分散剂2.9%,消泡剂0.2%,增稠剂0.4%,交联剂1.5%。
所述吸波涂料的制备工艺为:称取蒸馏水、胶黏剂、吸收剂、分散剂和消泡剂,转速800r/min,分散30min;再加入增稠剂、交联剂,转速500r/min,分散15min。
面层制备:基布两面涂覆阻燃涂料,烘干后,一面涂覆吸波涂料并烘干,再两面涂覆迷彩涂料,烘干后制成迷彩单色布,经拼图和切花工艺制成面层;
夹层①制备:采用网孔直径为1mm的网孔布浸渍吸波涂料,经烘干后,网孔布单位面积浸渍量为12g/m2;
夹层②制备:采用网孔直径为0.4mm的网孔布浸渍吸波涂料,经烘干后,网孔布单位面积浸渍量为25g/m2;
底层制备:将基布两面涂覆阻燃涂料,烘干后,一面涂覆吸波涂料并烘干,再两面涂覆红外涂料,经切孔制成底层。
面层、夹层①和底层通过包边和绗缝工艺制成本发明夹层结构①伪装网。
面层、夹层②和底层通过包边和绗缝工艺制成本发明夹层结构②伪装网。
测试此条件下制备的伪装网雷达反射率,如图7、图8。
上述条件下,制备得到的夹层结构①伪装网和夹层结构②伪装网均能满足雷达全波段伪装隐身性能(如图8所示)。在雷达1-2GHz波段的反射率均值分别为-14.60GHz和-22.83GHz,满足国军标中一级雷达指标要求(如图7所示)。夹层结构②的网孔直径(0.4mm)小于夹层结构①的网孔直径(1mm),并且夹层结构②的吸波涂料浸渍量(25g/m2)高于夹层结构①的吸波涂料浸渍量(12g/m2),造成夹层结构②的表面电阻低于夹层结构①的表面电阻,因此,夹层结构②伪装网在雷达L波段性能优于夹层结构①伪装网。
Claims (7)
1.一种夹层结构伪装网,由面层、夹层和底层经包边和绗缝制成,其特征在于:所述面层是将基布两面涂覆阻燃涂料,烘干后,一面涂覆吸波涂料并烘干,再两面涂覆迷彩涂料,烘干后制成迷彩单色布,迷彩单色布经拼图和切花工艺制成面层;所述夹层是将网孔布浸渍吸波涂料,经烘干后制成;所述底层是将基布两面涂覆阻燃涂料,烘干后,一面涂覆吸波涂料并烘干,再两面涂覆红外涂料,经切孔制成。
2.权利要求1所述夹层结构伪装网的制备方法,其特征在于:将基布两面涂覆阻燃涂料,烘干后,一面涂覆吸波涂料并烘干,再两面涂覆迷彩涂料,烘干后制成迷彩单色布,经拼图和切花工艺制成面层;将网孔布浸渍吸波涂料,经烘干后制成夹层;将基布两面涂覆阻燃涂料,烘干后,一面涂覆吸波涂料并烘干,再两面涂覆红外涂料,经切孔制成底层;伪装网由面层、夹层和底层经包边和绗缝制成。
3.按权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述网孔布的网孔直径为0.4mm~1mm。
4.按权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述网孔布浸渍吸波涂料用量为10~50g/m2,夹层用吸波涂料的粘度为10s~30s。
5.按权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述夹层用吸波涂料中各组分的质量百分比为:蒸馏水15%~25%,胶黏剂65%~75%,吸收剂8%~12%,分散剂2.8%~4%,消泡剂0.1%~0.3%,增稠剂0.2%~2%,交联剂1.5%。
6.按权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述胶黏剂为水性聚氨酯胶黏剂、水性丙烯酸酯胶黏剂、水性环氧树脂胶黏剂或水性有机硅丙烯酸酯胶黏剂中的一种或几种。
7.按权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述吸收剂为造粒炭黑、碳黑、石墨和碳纳米管中的一种或几种。
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