CN113832475B - Hydrogen production system by renewable energy sources - Google Patents
Hydrogen production system by renewable energy sources Download PDFInfo
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- CN113832475B CN113832475B CN202111115428.7A CN202111115428A CN113832475B CN 113832475 B CN113832475 B CN 113832475B CN 202111115428 A CN202111115428 A CN 202111115428A CN 113832475 B CN113832475 B CN 113832475B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
- C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
- H02J15/008—Systems for storing electric energy using hydrogen as energy vector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention relates to a renewable energy hydrogen production system, which comprises: electrolytic water system, renewable energy power generation equipment, reliable energy supply equipment and reliable energy supply control apparatus, reliable energy supply control apparatus is used for carrying out the step: s1, collecting electrolysis parameters of the water electrolysis system, calculating the minimum electrode electromotive force required by each electrolysis cell according to the electrolysis parameters, and detecting the current positive and negative potential differences of an electrolysis bath of the water electrolysis system; s2, determining whether the renewable energy provided by the renewable energy power generation equipment can meet the minimum hydrogen production requirement of the electrolytic water system according to the current anode-cathode potential difference and the minimum electrode electromotive force required by the electrolytic cell; if the renewable energy source cannot meet the minimum hydrogen production requirement of the electrolytic water system, the reliable energy supply equipment is controlled to start so that the reliable energy supply equipment supplies power to the electrolytic water system, and the S1 is returned. The starting and stopping times of the electrolytic water system are obviously reduced, and the power output fluctuation of the renewable energy power generation equipment is better adapted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen production, in particular to a renewable energy hydrogen production system.
Background
The hydrogen used as an energy storage carrier has the advantages of light weight, high energy density, no emission to the environment when in use and the like. However, hydrogen does not exist alone in nature and needs to be produced using external energy. The hydrogen production mode by water electrolysis is to obtain high-purity hydrogen by electrolyzing water, and the hydrogen production mode is mature in equipment structure and relatively simple, so that the purity of the purified hydrogen can reach 99.9999 percent, which is one order of magnitude higher than that of other hydrogen production modes, and the prepared hydrogen does not contain carbon element impurities, thereby having important significance in realizing carbon neutralization.
Nowadays, the renewable energy power generation is vigorously advocated and developed in China, and the water electrolysis hydrogen production technology based on wind turbines and photovoltaic power generation is gradually gaining social favor due to the characteristics of low carbon, environmental protection and the like. However, in both wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation plants, the output electric energy inevitably fluctuates with the fluctuation of wind energy or radiation energy, which adversely affects the stability and life of the hydrogen production plant. Currently, alkaline hydrogen plants typically have a power range between 25% and 100% of their rated power. In actual operation, when the output power of the renewable energy power generation equipment is higher than the rated power of the alkaline hydrogen production equipment, the renewable energy power generation equipment can be subjected to power limiting and other operations, and the input power of the alkaline hydrogen production equipment is ensured not to be higher than the rated power of the alkaline hydrogen production equipment. When the input power of the alkaline hydrogen plant is less than 25% of the rated power, the current control strategy is to shut down the electrolyzer and the ancillary equipment. Under the condition that other additional equipment is not added to the system, the alkaline hydrogen production equipment is started and stopped frequently due to the fluctuation of power generation of renewable energy sources, devices of the alkaline hydrogen production equipment are aged, and the alkaline hydrogen production equipment is a potential safety risk source while the hydrogen production cost is promoted to be low.
Generally, the alkaline hydrogen production equipment stops the equipment after the current of the electrolytic cell disappears, and nitrogen is used for purging the electrolytic cell so as to ensure that the situation of hydrogen and oxygen mixing when the gas pressure on the two sides of the hydrogen and oxygen is unstable does not occur when the electrolytic cell is restarted. When the hydrogen is produced by electrolyzing water by adopting renewable energy, the output fluctuation of the renewable energy usually occurs, so that the hydrogen production equipment is frequently started and stopped, the service life of the electrolytic cell and the liquid level and pressure control equipment attached to the electrolytic cell are seriously influenced, and the electrolysis cost and efficiency are also seriously influenced.
In summary, the challenges of hydrogen production by electrolyzing water using renewable energy devices mainly derive from the fluctuation of power generation of the renewable energy devices and the low power utilization rate of the renewable energy devices. Therefore, the adaptability of the water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment to the input of the fluctuating power supply is optimized, the electric energy utilization rate of the renewable energy equipment is improved, and the technical problem to be solved urgently in the renewable energy hydrogen production system is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, or at least partially solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a renewable energy hydrogen production system.
The invention provides a renewable energy hydrogen production system, which comprises: electrolytic water system, renewable energy power generation facility, reliable energy supply equipment and reliable energy supply controlgear, wherein: the reliably energized control device is configured to perform the steps of:
s1, collecting electrolysis parameters of the electrolytic water system, calculating the minimum electrode electromotive force required by each electrolysis cell according to the electrolysis parameters, and detecting the current positive and negative electrode potential differences of an electrolysis bath of the electrolytic water system;
s2, determining whether the renewable energy provided by the renewable energy power generation equipment can meet the minimum hydrogen production requirement of the water electrolysis system according to the current positive and negative electrode potential difference and the minimum electrode electromotive force required by the small electrolysis chamber; and if the renewable energy source cannot meet the minimum hydrogen production requirement of the electrolytic water system, controlling the reliable energy supply equipment to start so that the reliable energy supply equipment supplies power to the electrolytic water system, and returning to S1.
According to the hydrogen production system by using renewable energy provided by the embodiment, whether the renewable energy provided by the renewable energy power generation equipment can meet the minimum hydrogen production requirement of the electrolytic water system is determined according to the current potential difference between the anode and the cathode and the minimum electrode electromotive force required by the electrolytic cell. And when the minimum hydrogen production requirement is not met, the reliable energy supply equipment is controlled to be started to supply power for the electrolytic water system. The invention can ensure that the water electrolysis system does not need to be stopped under the condition that the generating power of the renewable energy is lower than the minimum hydrogen production power, and the starting and stopping times of the water electrolysis system are obviously reduced, thereby greatly prolonging the service life of the electrolytic cell equipment and the accessory equipment thereof, improving the hydrogen production yield and enabling the water electrolysis system to be better adapted to the output fluctuation of the renewable energy generating equipment.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a renewable energy hydrogen production system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an algorithm flow of a reliable energy supply control device in a renewable energy hydrogen production system provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a renewable energy hydrogen production system in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a renewable energy hydrogen production system in another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a renewable energy hydrogen production system in yet another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of a renewable energy hydrogen production system in yet another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a renewable energy hydrogen production system, comprising: electrolytic water system, renewable energy power generation facility, reliable energy supply equipment and reliable energy supply controlgear, wherein: the reliably energized control device is configured to perform the steps of:
s1, collecting electrolysis parameters of the electrolytic water system, calculating the minimum electrode electromotive force required by each electrolysis cell according to the electrolysis parameters, and detecting the current positive and negative electrode potential differences of an electrolysis bath of the electrolytic water system;
s2, determining whether the renewable energy provided by the renewable energy power generation equipment can meet the minimum hydrogen production requirement of the water electrolysis system according to the current positive and negative electrode potential difference and the minimum electrode electromotive force required by the small electrolysis chamber; and if the renewable energy source cannot meet the minimum hydrogen production requirement of the electrolytic water system, controlling the reliable energy supply equipment to start so that the reliable energy supply equipment supplies power to the electrolytic water system, and returning to S1.
Referring to fig. 1, the renewable energy power generation device is connected with the electrolytic water system and can supply power to the electrolytic water system; the reliable energy supply equipment is also connected with the electrolytic water system and can also provide voltage support for the electrolytic water system; the electrolytic water system is connected with the reliable function control equipment, so that the reliable energy supply control equipment can collect some parameters of the electrolytic water system; the reliable energy supply control device is connected with the reliable energy supply device, so that the reliable energy supply control device can control the reliable energy supply device.
Namely, the reliable energy supply control equipment collects the current positive and negative potential difference delta E of the electrolytic cell of the electrolytic water system in real time, and the voltage output to the electrolytic water system by the renewable energy power generation equipment can be known through the current positive and negative potential difference delta E. Since the electrolytic cell comprises a plurality of electrolytic cells, the minimum electrode electromotive force E of each electrolytic cell can be calculated by calculating the electrolysis parameter of each electrolytic cell, and the minimum electrode electromotive force E is the lowest electromotive force which ensures that the electrolytic cells can normally carry out water electrolysis. And judging whether the renewable energy provided by the renewable energy power generation equipment can meet the minimum hydrogen production requirement of the electrolytic water system or not according to the current potential difference delta E between the anode and the cathode and the minimum electrode electromotive force of each electrolytic cell. If the minimum hydrogen production requirement cannot be met, the reliable energy supply equipment can be controlled to be started, so that the reliable energy supply equipment can provide voltage support for the electrolytic water system. Since the reliable energy supply control device executes the steps in real time, when the reliable energy supply device is started, the reliable energy supply control device returns to the step S1 to collect the data again and make the judgment again.
Of course, the S2 may further include:
if the renewable energy can meet the minimum hydrogen production requirement of the electrolytic water system, judging whether the reliable energy supply equipment is in a starting state;
if yes, controlling the reliable energy supply equipment to be closed, and returning to S1;
otherwise, return to S1.
That is, if the current renewable energy source can meet the minimum hydrogen production requirement of the electrolytic water system, the reliable energy supply device does not need to be started up, and thus the state of the reliable energy supply device can be judged, and if the reliable energy supply device is in the start-up state, the reliable energy supply device is shut down, and the process returns to S1. If not, a return may be made directly to S1.
In particular embodiments, the reliably energized control device may be configured to: if delta E is more than nE + epsilon, the renewable energy can meet the lowest hydrogen production requirement of the electrolytic water system, otherwise, the renewable energy cannot meet the lowest hydrogen production requirement of the electrolytic water system; wherein, Δ E is the current positive and negative electrode potential difference, E is the minimum electrode electromotive force required by an electrolysis cell, n is the number of the electrolysis cells in the electrolysis water system, and ε is a preset positive number.
Namely, through comparison of magnitude relation between delta E and nE + epsilon, the renewable energy source is determined to meet the minimum hydrogen production requirement of the electrolytic water system.
Referring to fig. 2, the algorithm flow of the reliable power control device is roughly:
(1) collecting data, specifically collecting parameters such as ion concentration, electrolyte temperature and pole plate material in each electrolysis cell, then calculating the minimum electrode electromotive force E of each electrolysis cell according to the parameters, and simultaneously collecting the current positive and negative pole potential difference delta E of the electrolysis cell;
(2) judging whether the delta E is more than nE and epsilon is true, if so, entering (4), and if not, entering (3);
(3) controlling reliable energy supply equipment to start and return to the step (1);
(4) judging whether reliable energy supply equipment is started or not; if not, returning to the step (1); if the starting is finished, entering into (5);
(5) and (4) closing the reliable energy supply equipment and returning to the step (1).
The reliable energy supply control equipment is electronic equipment with data acquisition capacity, data storage capacity and calculation capacity, and in practical application, the reliable energy supply control equipment can be an electronic computer, an industrial personal computer and the like which are provided with appropriate devices. The reliable energy supply control equipment can acquire and send data in data transmission modes such as RS485 and the like, and utilizes the data storage capacity and the calculation capacity of the reliable energy supply control equipment.
The invention can ensure that the water electrolysis system does not need to be stopped under the condition that the generating power of the renewable energy is lower than the minimum hydrogen production power, and the starting and stopping times of the water electrolysis system are obviously reduced, thereby greatly prolonging the service life of the electrolytic cell equipment and the accessory equipment thereof, improving the hydrogen production yield and enabling the water electrolysis system to be better adapted to the output fluctuation of the renewable energy generating equipment. The invention adopts a low-power reliable power supply, namely reliable energy supply equipment, as additional electromotive force, and can improve the adaptability level of the electrolytic water system to the power generation fluctuation of renewable energy sources.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 3, the reliable energy supply device is an energy storage device, the electrolytic water system is connected with the renewable energy power generation device, the energy storage device and the reliable energy supply control device, the reliable energy supply control device is connected with the renewable energy power generation device and the energy storage device, and the renewable energy power generation device is connected with the energy storage device.
It can be understood that the energy storage devices shown in FIGS. 3-6 are energy storage devices.
The reliably energized control device may perform in addition to the algorithm flow of fig. 2, and may be specifically configured to: when the renewable energy cannot meet the minimum hydrogen production requirement of the electrolytic water system, the renewable energy power generation equipment is controlled to convey the generated renewable energy to the reliable energy supply equipment for storage, and the reliable energy supply equipment is controlled to start so that the reliable energy supply equipment supplies power for the electrolytic water system, and the S1 is returned.
If Δ E > nE + E is not true, since the renewable energy power generation device cannot provide enough renewable energy for the electrolytic water system at this time, the renewable energy (e.g., wind energy, light energy) generated by the renewable energy power generation device may be wasted when the electrolytic water system is powered by the reliable energy supply device, and therefore, the renewable energy is supplied to the reliable energy supply device for storage, thereby avoiding the waste of the renewable energy. Namely, the electric energy of the light is abandoned by the abandoned wind and reused by the energy storage device. The electricity abandonment in the low power period (i.e. the period when the power generation power of the renewable energy source is lower than the minimum hydrogen production power of the electrolytic cell) can be utilized, so the invention further improves the electric energy utilization rate of the renewable energy source. By providing a certain degree of power support for the operation state of the hydrogen production equipment under the scene of frequent fluctuation of wind and light output, the wind and light abandoning phenomena of the renewable energy hydrogen production system are greatly reduced. The utilization hours of the renewable energy power generation equipment and the electrolytic water system are obviously improved, and the hydrogen production cost is further reduced.
The energy storage device can be physical energy storage equipment such as electrochemical energy storage, super capacitors and flywheels, or a combination of multiple kinds of energy storage equipment. The reliably powered control device employs a controller with computing power in fig. 3.
Based on fig. 3, the renewable energy power generation device may be configured to: and predicting the output power of the renewable energy source in a future preset time period, and sending the predicted power to the reliable energy supply control equipment. The reliable energization control apparatus may also be operable to: and acquiring the state of charge of the energy storage device, and if the predicted power is greater than the minimum required power of the electrolytic water system and the state of charge is less than 100%, controlling the renewable energy power generation equipment to supply power to the electrolytic water system and charge the energy storage device at the same time.
Here, the renewable energy power generation device also predicts the output power in a future period of time, for example, the output power in two hours in the future of the present time, based on the conditions of its own device and environment, and then transmits the predicted power to the reliable energy supply control device. If reliable energy supply control equipment learns that predictive power is bigger than, is greater than electrolytic water system's minimum required power, and this moment energy memory's state of charge is less than 100%, reliable energy supply control equipment can inform this moment renewable energy power generation facility does when the electrolytic water system power supply to energy memory charges, will do the residual power of electrolytic water system power supply charges for energy memory.
In another embodiment, a capacitance effect exists between the polar plates of the electrolytic cell in the electrolytic water system; the reliable energy supply equipment is an energy storage device; the electrolytic water system respectively with renewable energy power generation equipment energy memory with reliable energy supply controlgear connects, reliable energy supply controlgear respectively with renewable energy power generation equipment energy memory with the electric wire netting is connected, renewable energy power generation equipment with the electric wire netting is connected.
Referring to fig. 4, the energy storage device is not shown in fig. 4, and is actually connected to the controller, the renewable energy power generation device, and the electrolytic water system. Fig. 4 adds a grid to fig. 3, with no connection between the energy storage device and the grid. The reliable energy supply control device can execute the algorithm flow of fig. 2 when not receiving the AGC instruction issued by the power grid.
Furthermore, when the frequency modulation auxiliary service is not needed, the power generation power of the renewable energy power generation equipment has certain fluctuation under the influence of different natural resources, if the wind/light resources in a certain area are better, the time period that the power generation power is lower than the minimum hydrogen production power of the electrolytic water system is shorter, the capacitor between the electrode plates of the electrolytic tank can discharge in the time period, and the minimum hydrogen production power of the electrolytic water system can be met, if the capacitor discharge cannot be met, the power is supplied by the energy storage device, namely, when the capacitor discharge cannot be met, the algorithm flow shown in fig. 2 is executed.
Of course, the reliably energized control device may also be used to: when an AGC instruction issued by a power grid is received, when delta E is larger than nE + epsilon, the full capacity of the generating power of the renewable energy generated by the renewable energy generating equipment is controlled to be transmitted to the power grid; when detecting that delta E is less than or equal to nE + epsilon, if the power grid needs power support, controlling the energy storage device to supply power for the electrolytic water system, and controlling the renewable energy power generation equipment to generate renewable energy power and transmit the renewable energy power to the power grid in full capacity; and when the energy of the energy storage device is exhausted, the power generation power of the renewable energy generated by the renewable energy power generation equipment is controlled to supply power to the electrolytic water system, and meanwhile, the residual power is transmitted to the power grid.
Wherein the AGC command is used for informing the reliable energy supply control device of the requirement of the renewable energy power generation device for providing power support in the frequency modulation auxiliary service; and delta E is the current potential difference between the anode and the cathode, E is the minimum electrode electromotive force required by an electrolysis cell, n is the number of the electrolysis cells in the electrolysis water system, and epsilon is a preset positive number.
That is to say, when the reliable energy supply control device receives an AGC instruction issued by a power grid, if it is found through judgment that Δ E > nE + E at this time, the power generation power of the renewable energy generated by the renewable energy power generation device can be completely transmitted to the power grid, and at this time, because a capacitance effect exists between the plates of the electrolytic cell in the electrolytic water system, the hydrogen production requirement for a period of time can be satisfied through capacitance discharge. And when the capacitor discharges to a state that the hydrogen production requirement cannot be met, namely delta E is less than or equal to nE + epsilon, the energy storage device can be adopted to provide voltage support for the electrolytic water system, and the generated power of the renewable energy generated by the renewable energy power generation equipment can still be completely transmitted to the power grid. However, if the energy storage device is not enough to meet the demand of hydrogen production, the power required by the electrolytic water system is subtracted from the power generated by the renewable energy source power generation equipment, and the rest renewable energy source is transmitted to the power grid.
It will be appreciated that the AGC instructions include the power that the grid requires from the renewable energy power generation equipment.
When frequency modulation service is needed, namely the power grid needs more power provided by the renewable energy power generation equipment, the power grid sends an AGC (automatic gain control) instruction to the reliable energy supply control equipment to tell the power required by the reliable energy supply control equipment, so that the reliable energy supply control equipment sends a control instruction to the renewable energy power generation equipment to control the destination of power generated by the renewable energy power generation equipment.
Of course, if during the discharge of the capacitor, it is possible that the power required by the fm auxiliary service of the power grid already meets the requirements of the AGC command, i.e. the demand for the fm auxiliary service has ended before Δ E ≦ nE + E.
The frequency modulation auxiliary service means that when the generated power of some power generation equipment does not meet the requirement of a power grid, the power grid sends an AGC instruction to other power generation equipment, and the other power generation equipment (for example, renewable energy power generation equipment in the present application) is required to generate some more power, so as to meet the overall requirement of the power grid.
In the case of basic electrolytic cell equipment, due to the capacitance effect of the electrolytic cell plates, although the electrolytic current disappears at the moment of power failure of the electrolytic cell, the voltage between the plates will discharge for a period of time. If the fluctuation of the wind-solar power generation is realized in a short time, the power of the wind-solar power generation device can be recovered from the power lower than the minimum hydrogen production power to the power higher than the minimum hydrogen production power in a short time. However, in order to avoid longer fluctuation time of wind and solar power generation, the energy storage device is added, when the potential difference of the anode and the cathode of the electrolytic cell is lower than the potential difference corresponding to the lowest hydrogen production power, the electrolytic cell and the auxiliary equipment are not stopped by the additional energy storage device, and the service life of the electrolytic cell is not influenced. In addition, the production of hydrogen and oxygen is not reduced by the shutdown purge. At the moment, the power of the wind and light power generation equipment can be output to the energy storage device to charge the energy storage device, so that the utilization rate of the wind and light power generation power of the system in a low-power period can be improved, and the adaptability of the electrolytic cell to wind and light power generation fluctuation is greatly improved.
In yet another embodiment, referring to fig. 5, the reliable energy supply devices are an energy storage device and a power grid; the electrolytic water system respectively with renewable energy power generation equipment reliable energy supply controlgear with energy memory connects, reliable energy supply controlgear respectively with renewable energy power generation equipment energy memory with the electric wire netting is connected, renewable energy power generation equipment respectively with energy memory with the electric wire netting is connected, energy memory with the electric wire netting is connected.
In fig. 5, the power grid is connected to the energy storage device, so that both the power grid and the renewable energy power generation device can charge the energy storage device, and the renewable energy power generation device can supply power to the electrolyzed water, charge the energy storage device, and also transmit the electrolyzed water to the power grid.
The reliable energy supply control device in this embodiment may implement the algorithm flow of fig. 2, and may also achieve some optimization goals, such as hydrogen production at the lowest cost, state of charge optimization of the energy storage device, maximization of the power generation utilization rate of the renewable energy power generation device, maximization of the lifetime of the electrolytic water system, and the like, by collecting real-time electricity prices, power prediction, and the like.
Correspondingly, the reliably-energized control device can also be used for: determining a preset optimization target, calculating respective input and output powers of the renewable energy power generation equipment, the energy storage device and the power grid according to the preset optimization target, and controlling the renewable energy power generation equipment, the energy storage device and the power grid according to the input and output powers.
The method comprises the steps of selecting an optimization target, determining a target function and corresponding constraint conditions based on the optimization target, inputting parameters such as input and output power of each device into the target function and the constraint conditions to obtain optimal control parameters, and accordingly controlling reliable energy supply control devices according to the optimal control parameters. What objective functions and constraints are established are specifically established according to optimization objectives, and are not described in the present solution.
In yet another embodiment, referring to fig. 6, the reliable energy supply device is a power grid, the electrolytic water system is connected with the renewable energy power generation device, the reliable energy supply control device and the power grid, respectively, the reliable energy supply control device is connected with the power grid and the renewable energy power generation device, respectively, and the renewable energy power generation device is connected with the power grid.
In fig. 6, a power grid is used as a reliable energy supply device, and the power grid is used for providing voltage support for an electrolytic water system when the renewable energy power generation device cannot meet the demand of electrolytic water.
In particular implementations, the reliably-powered control device, in addition to executing the algorithm flow of fig. 2, may be configured to: when an electrolytic cell of the electrolytic water system needs power support, the power grid is controlled to provide required support power for the electrolytic cell, the support power can keep the anode and the cathode of the electrolytic cell at preset potential difference, and the preset potential difference is smaller than the anode and cathode potential difference corresponding to the lowest hydrogen production requirement.
The power support required by the electrolytic cell enables the positive pole and the negative pole of the electrolytic cell to have a certain potential difference, namely a preset potential difference, the potential difference can ensure that the electrolytic water system does not stop, but can not ensure that the electrolytic water system can carry out hydrogen production work, and the potential difference required by the positive pole and the negative pole of the electrolytic cell is larger than the preset potential difference to ensure that the electrolytic water system can carry out hydrogen production work.
Since the power consumed by the cell is usually less than a thousandth of the power required for hydrogen production when the cell requires power support (usually for a short time), the use of the grid as a power support for the cell results in a very small increase in carbon emissions.
The above embodiments respectively construct basic architectures under several typical renewable energy hydrogen production scenarios. In practical applications, there may be some differences in system composition and topology from the above embodiments due to different practical situations, and whether the predicted power of the renewable energy source is sent to the controller in the above embodiments does not affect the overall effect of the system, nor does it affect the adaptability of the present invention.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are only for description, and do not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments.
Through the description of the foregoing embodiments, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the method of the foregoing embodiments may be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly may also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases, the former is a better implementation. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes instructions for enabling a terminal (such as a mobile phone, a computer, a server, an air conditioner, or a network device) to execute the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A system for producing hydrogen from renewable energy sources, comprising: electrolytic water system, renewable energy power generation facility, reliable energy supply equipment, electric wire netting to and reliable energy supply controlgear, wherein: the reliable energy supply equipment is an energy storage device; the electrolytic water system is respectively connected with the renewable energy power generation equipment, the energy storage device and the reliable energy supply control equipment, the reliable energy supply control equipment is respectively connected with the renewable energy power generation equipment, the energy storage device and the power grid, and the renewable energy power generation equipment is connected with the power grid;
the reliably energized control device is configured to perform the steps of:
s1, collecting electrolysis parameters of the water electrolysis system, calculating the minimum electrode electromotive force required by each electrolysis cell according to the electrolysis parameters, and detecting the current positive and negative potential differences of an electrolysis bath of the water electrolysis system;
s2, determining whether the renewable energy provided by the renewable energy power generation equipment can meet the minimum hydrogen production requirement of the electrolytic water system according to the current anode-cathode potential difference and the minimum electrode electromotive force required by the electrolytic cell; if the renewable energy source cannot meet the minimum hydrogen production requirement of the electrolytic water system, controlling the reliable energy supply equipment to be started so that the reliable energy supply equipment supplies power to the electrolytic water system, and returning to S1;
the reliable energy supply control device is used for: if it isΔE＞nE+εIf not, the renewable energy source can not meet the minimum hydrogen production requirement of the electrolytic water system;
the renewable energy power generation device is used for: predicting the output power of the renewable energy source in a future preset time period, and sending the predicted power to the reliable energy supply control equipment;
the reliable energy supply control device is used for: acquiring the state of charge of the energy storage device, and if the predicted power is greater than the minimum required power of the electrolytic water system and the state of charge is less than 100%, controlling the renewable energy power generation equipment to supply power to the electrolytic water system and charge the energy storage device at the same time;
a capacitance effect exists between the electrode plates of the electrolytic cell in the electrolytic water system;
the reliable energy supply control device is used for: upon receivingWhen AGC commands are issued by the power grid, ifΔE＞nE+εControlling the power generation power of the renewable energy generated by the renewable energy power generation equipment to be transmitted to the power grid in full capacity; when detecting thatΔE≤nE+εThen, if the power grid needs power support, controlling the energy storage device to supply power to the electrolytic water system, and controlling the renewable energy power generation equipment to generate renewable energy power and transmit the renewable energy power to the power grid in full capacity; when the energy of the energy storage device is exhausted, the power generation power of the renewable energy generated by the renewable energy power generation equipment is controlled to supply power to the electrolytic water system, and meanwhile, the residual power is transmitted to the power grid;
wherein the AGC command is used for informing the reliable energy supply control device of the requirement of the renewable energy power generation device for providing power support in the frequency modulation auxiliary service;ΔEe is the minimum electrode electromotive force required by an electrolysis small chamber for the current potential difference of the anode and the cathode, n is the number of the electrolysis small chambers in the electrolysis water system,εis a preset positive number.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the S2 further comprises:
if the renewable energy can meet the lowest hydrogen production requirement of the electrolytic water system, judging whether the reliable energy supply equipment is in a starting state, if so, controlling the reliable energy supply equipment to be closed, and returning to S1; otherwise, return to S1.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the electrolysis parameters include ion concentration within the electrolysis cell, temperature of the electrolyte, and plate material.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the reliable energy supply device is an energy storage device, the electrolytic water system is connected to the renewable energy power generation device, the energy storage device, and the reliable energy supply control device, the reliable energy supply control device is connected to the renewable energy power generation device and the energy storage device, respectively, and the renewable energy power generation device is connected to the energy storage device; wherein:
the reliable energy supply control equipment is used for: when the renewable energy source can not meet the minimum hydrogen production requirement of the electrolytic water system, the renewable energy source power generation device is controlled to transmit the generated renewable energy source to the reliable energy supply device for storage, and the reliable energy supply device is controlled to be started, so that the reliable energy supply device supplies power for the electrolytic water system, and S1 is returned.
5. The system of claim 1,
the reliable energy supply control device is further configured to: determining a preset optimization target, calculating respective input and output powers of the renewable energy power generation equipment, the energy storage device and the power grid according to the preset optimization target, and controlling the renewable energy power generation equipment, the energy storage device and the power grid according to the input and output powers.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the reliably-powered control device is further configured to: when an electrolytic cell of the electrolytic water system needs power support, the power grid is controlled to provide required support power for the electrolytic cell, the support power can keep the anode and the cathode of the electrolytic cell at preset potential difference, and the preset potential difference is smaller than the anode and cathode potential difference corresponding to the lowest hydrogen production requirement.
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