CN113832270A - Blast furnace iron-making method adopting multi-medium injection - Google Patents
Blast furnace iron-making method adopting multi-medium injection Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 69
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/008—Composition or distribution of the charge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/007—Conditions of the cokes or characterised by the cokes used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/06—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace using top gas in the blast furnace process
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention provides a blast furnace ironmaking method by multi-medium injection, which comprises the following steps: injecting various injection media into the blast furnace, and alternately loading coke and iron ore into the blast furnace, wherein the injection media comprise coal gas, hydrogen-rich media, oxygen-rich hot air and coal powder; the medium injected into the blast furnace is subjected to complex chemical reaction to form furnace belly coal gas; according to the condition of raw fuel, the proportion of injected medium is regulated and controlled to regulate CO and H in the coal gas of furnace chamber2The ratio of (a) to (b). The invention can greatly improve the concentration of reducing gas in the furnace chamber coal gas and achieve the best CO and H under the current production condition by adjusting different injection medium proportions2The proportion is improved, the efficiency of indirect reduction reaction at the middle upper part of the blast furnace is improved, the indirect reduction reaction with heat release is fully developed in the furnace, the direct reduction degree in the blast furnace is reduced, meanwhile, the injected hydrogen-rich medium replaces part of C reducing agent, the consumption of carbonaceous fuel is reduced, and the purposes of reducing the coke ratio of the blast furnace and reducing CO in the blast furnace ironmaking process are achieved2The purpose of discharging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of blast furnace ironmaking, and particularly relates to a blast furnace ironmaking method by multi-medium injection.
Background
The carbon emission of the iron and steel industry accounts for more than 3 percent of the global carbon emission, and the carbon emission before iron accounts for more than 70 percent of the carbon emission of the iron and steel industry, so that the reduction of the carbon emission of blast furnace ironmaking has great significance for reducing the global carbon emission. Nowadays, various large iron and steel enterprises have reduced the conventional blast furnace ironmaking fuel ratio to the lower level of 480-. Therefore, there is a need to develop new blast furnace ironmaking process technology to further reduce the carbon emission of blast furnace ironmaking.
At present, the existing low-carbon blast furnace technology comprises a blast furnace hydrogen-rich gas injection process, an oxygen blast furnace process, a furnace top gas circulation process and the like. These processes have very limited carbon reduction due to low fuel substitution. In the oxygen blast furnace and top gas circulation technology, the high oxygen concentration in the lower convolution area results in high local combustion focus temperature in the convolution area, and the heat carrier-blast N2The reduction greatly reduces the quantity of the iron gas per ton, which causes insufficient blowing kinetic energy of the tuyere, the diameter of the tuyere has to be greatly reduced in order to maintain the necessary blowing kinetic energy, and thus, the tuyere convolution area is reduced, and the activity of the hearth is reduced; meanwhile, the quantity of the iron gas per ton is reduced to cause insufficient heat supply at the upper part of the blast furnace, and the hot reducing gas injected by the furnace body is forced to be considered, so that the burning zone of the tuyere is further shrunk, the reasonability of the lower air flow distribution and the activity of a furnace hearth cannot be ensured, and the stable and smooth operation of the blast furnace is difficult to ensure after the volume of the blast furnace is properly enlarged.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a blast furnace iron-making method with multi-medium injection, which is used for solving the problems of low fuel replacement ratio and limited carbon reduction effect of the low carbon blast furnace technology in the prior art.
To achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides a blast furnace ironmaking method with multi-media injection, comprising:
injecting various injection media into the blast furnace, wherein the injection media comprise two or more of coal gas, hydrogen-rich media, oxygen-rich hot air and coal powder, and alternately loading coke and iron ore into the blast furnace;
the injected medium is subjected to complex chemical reaction in the blast furnace to form furnace belly coal gas;
according to the raw fuel condition, the proportion of the injection medium is regulated and controlled to regulate CO and H in the furnace chamber coal gas2The ratio of (a) to (b).
The method ensures that the content of the reducing gas in the furnace chamber coal gas is higher than that of the conventional blast furnace, and the optimal CO and H required under the current production condition are achieved by regulating and controlling the quantity and the proportion of various injection media2Ratio, increaseThe indirect reduction efficiency of the upper part in the blast furnace leads the indirect reduction reaction in the blast furnace to be fully developed, the metallization ratio of the iron ore reaching the lower part of the soft melting zone is higher than that of the conventional blast furnace, the direct reduction reaction of C and iron oxide with high heat absorption does not occur or rarely occurs in the high-temperature zone of the blast furnace, and the injected hydrogen-rich medium can replace part of C reducing agent, thereby reducing the CO content in the blast furnace ironmaking2The purpose of discharging.
Furthermore, the sum of the injection amount of ton iron gas, the injection amount of ton iron hydrogen-rich medium and the injection amount of ton iron oxygen-rich hot air is similar to the hot air consumption of ton iron of the blast furnace with the same furnace volume. Therefore, the gas quantity of the furnace chamber of the blast furnace is equivalent to that of the conventional blast furnace, and the operation and production operation of the blast furnace are ensured not to be changed greatly compared with the conventional blast furnace.
Because the coal gas amount of the blast furnace belly is equivalent to that of a conventional blast furnace, and the direct reduction degree in the blast furnace is lower than that of the conventional blast furnace, the direct reduction heat consumption is reduced, and the theoretical combustion temperature of the tuyere raceway can be controlled to be higher than 1800 ℃, namely the theoretical combustion temperature of the tuyere raceway of the blast furnace can be controlled to reach the theoretical combustion temperature of the conventional blast furnace without controlling.
Further, the pulverized coal and the oxygen-enriched hot air are sprayed into the blast furnace through a tuyere, and the hydrogen-enriched medium and the coal gas are sprayed into the blast furnace through a tuyere or a furnace body.
Further, if the hydrogen-rich medium and the coal gas are injected into the blast furnace through the tuyere, the injection pressure of the hydrogen-rich medium and the injection pressure of the coal gas are both higher than the injection pressure of the oxygen-rich hot air. Preferably, the hydrogen-rich medium and the coal gas are sprayed into the blast furnace through a tuyere, so that the coal gas flow distribution in the blast furnace can be ensured to be consistent or nearly consistent with that of a conventional blast furnace. The blast furnace is blown with hydrogen-rich medium or coal gas at a pressure higher than that of the oxygen-rich hot air, so that safety accidents such as tempering or explosion and the like in the spray pipe can be prevented when flammable and explosive hydrogen-rich gas or coal gas is blown from the tuyere.
Further, the hydrogen-rich medium comprises coke oven gas, methane, petrochemical waste gas and hydrogen produced by water electrolysis, the hydrogen content of the hydrogen-rich medium is higher than 50%, and the hydrogen-rich medium does not contain CO2. The hydrogen-rich medium with high hydrogen content can increase the content of reducing gas in the furnace bosh gasCan replace partial C reducing agent to reduce blast furnace ironmaking CO2The purpose of discharging.
Further, the hydrogen-rich medium needs to be purified before being blown into the blast furnace, and the content of liquid or solid impurities in the purified hydrogen-rich medium is lower than 0.02 percent. In particular, for hydrogen-rich media containing liquid tar, such as coke oven gas, care should be taken to remove impurities therein to prevent the impurities from clogging the nozzle.
Further, the coal gas comprises blast furnace top gas, converter gas and coal gas. Therefore, the CO-rich coal gas can be injected to effectively increase the content of the reducing gas in the coal gas of the furnace chamber, improve the indirect reduction rate of the upper part of the blast furnace and reduce the direct reduction degree in the blast furnace.
Furthermore, the gas needs to be purified before being blown into the blast furnace, and the content of S and solid particles in the purified gas is lower than 0.02 percent. Therefore, on one hand, S in the coal gas can be prevented from flowing back into the blast furnace along with the coal gas to cause the enrichment of S in the blast furnace; on the other hand, the coal gas after S and particulate matters are removed can effectively prevent the coal gas from generating negative influence on the subsequent decarburization and denitrification processes.
Furthermore, the gas needs to be heated before being blown into the blast furnace, and the heating temperature is more than 950 ℃. Therefore, after the coal gas is heated, partial heat required by partial reduction in the furnace and temperature rise of furnace charge can be supplemented, and carbon directly consumed by heating is reduced, so that the aim of further reducing carbon emission is fulfilled.
Further, if the CO in the coal gas is2If the content exceeds 5%, the gas needs to be subjected to decarburization treatment before being blown into the blast furnace. Thus, CO is removed2The gas is important for the gas injection into the blast furnace because of the CO contained in the gas2After entering the blast furnace, the gas can generate carbon melting loss reaction with the coke, the melting loss reaction not only consumes the coke, but also can absorb a large amount of heat, so that the carbon consumption in the furnace is increased, the energy consumption is increased, and the CO in the blast furnace is increased2The emissions increase.
Further, the coal gas is subjected to denitrification treatment before being blown into the blast furnace, so that the content of reducing gas in the coal gas is increased. Thus, the indirect reduction reaction in the blast furnace can be fully developed.
Further, the iron ore is high-reducibility iron ore and comprises one or more of sintered ore, pellet ore, lump ore and composite iron coke, the comprehensive charging grade of the iron ore is more than 58%, and the reduction index RI is more than 80%. Thus, the iron ore with higher reduction degree can ensure the iron ore to be capable of reacting with CO and H2And the reducing gas rapidly and fully develops the indirect reduction reaction to reduce the direct reduction degree in the blast furnace.
As mentioned above, the blast furnace ironmaking method by multi-medium injection of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
on the premise of not greatly changing the traditional blast furnace system, the method of coupling various injection media such as pulverized coal injection, hydrogen-rich medium injection, oxygen-rich hot air, coal gas injection and the like is adopted, the concentration of reducing gas in the coal gas at the furnace belly is greatly improved, and the optimal CO and H required under the current production condition are achieved by adjusting different injection medium proportions2The proportion is increased to improve the efficiency of the indirect reduction reaction at the middle upper part of the blast furnace, so that the indirect reduction reaction with heat release is fully developed in the furnace, the direct reduction degree in the blast furnace is reduced, and simultaneously, the injected hydrogen-rich medium replaces part of C reducing agent, thereby reducing the consumption of carbonaceous fuel and achieving the purposes of reducing the coke ratio of the blast furnace and reducing CO in the iron-making process of the blast furnace2The purpose of discharging.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system schematic diagram adopted by a blast furnace ironmaking method of multi-medium injection according to an embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals
1-furnace burden; 2-a cloth component; 3-blast furnace body; 4-a reflow zone; 5-a coal injection device; 6-hydrogen-rich medium blowing device; 7-a top gas pipeline; 8-tuyere assemblies; 9-a hot blast stove device; 10-a gas injection device; 11-tuyere raceway.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are only used for matching with the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a blast furnace ironmaking method with multi-media injection, including:
injecting various injection media into the blast furnace, wherein the injection media comprise two or more of coal gas, hydrogen-rich media, oxygen-rich hot air and coal powder, and alternately loading coke and iron ore into the blast furnace;
the injected medium is subjected to complex chemical reaction in the blast furnace to form furnace belly coal gas;
according to the raw fuel condition, the proportion of the injection medium is regulated and controlled to regulate CO and H in the furnace chamber coal gas2The ratio of (a) to (b).
Specifically, coal gas is sprayed into a blast furnace through a blast furnace tuyere or a furnace body after being subjected to a series of treatments, a hydrogen-rich medium is sprayed into the blast furnace through the tuyere or the furnace body, oxygen-rich hot air is sprayed into the blast furnace through a hot air surrounding pipe through the tuyere, pulverized coal is sprayed into the blast furnace through a coal gun in the tuyere by a coal carrier gas, and furnace materials 1 such as iron ore, coke and the like are loaded into the blast furnace through a material distribution component 2.
The chemical reactions in the blast furnace mainly comprise coal dust volatile component decomposition reaction, carbon combustion reaction in coal dust and coke, carbon melting loss reaction, reduction reaction of C in molten iron and Si, Mn, S and the like in slag and the like; the coal gas, the hydrogen-rich medium and the coal gas formed by the chemical reaction in the blast furnace form the furnace hearth coal gas, and CO in the furnace hearth coal gasAnd H2The sum of the iron ore and the reducing gas is more than 50 percent, the iron ore and the reducing gas with high concentration fully develop indirect reduction reaction in the upper part of the blast furnace, so that the metallization rate of the iron ore is higher than that of the conventional blast furnace when the iron ore reaches a high-temperature zone below a reflow zone 4, and the direct reduction reaction of C and iron oxide is ensured to be less or not generated in a blast furnace hearth;
according to different raw fuel conditions in the production process, the CO and H in the coal gas of the furnace chamber can be adjusted by adjusting the proportion of different injection media2Ratio, statistical analysis of different CO and H2The optimal CO and H in the furnace chamber coal gas under the raw fuel condition can be obtained according to the blast furnace yield and energy consumption indexes under the proportion2Ratio of CO to H2The ratio of (A) is the optimal hydrogen-carbon ratio under the current raw fuel condition. According to the CO and H2The types and the proportions of the injected hydrogen-rich media, the coal powder or the coal gas media are determined by comprehensively considering the economic indexes of various current injected media. Finally, the optimal CO and H under the condition of blast furnace multi-medium injection are realized2Smelting according to the proportion.
Wherein the sum of the injection amount of the ton of iron gas, the injection amount of the ton of iron hydrogen-rich medium and the injection amount of the ton of iron oxygen-rich hot air is similar to the hot air consumption of the same volume of the blast furnace per ton of iron. Therefore, the air flow distribution and the material layer distribution in the blast furnace are both close to those of the traditional blast furnace, so that the operation of the blast furnace can be ensured not to be greatly adjusted, and the operation rule of the method can be conveniently and quickly mastered by the operators of the blast furnace.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the furnace volume is 2850m3The present invention will be further described with reference to the blast furnace as an example.
As shown in fig. 1, the blast furnace ironmaking method using multi-media injection as described above, the blast furnace ironmaking system using multi-media injection according to the present embodiment includes: the blast furnace comprises a blast furnace body device, a coal injection device 5, a hydrogen-rich medium injection device 6, a hot blast furnace device 9 and a gas injection device 10, wherein the blast furnace body device comprises a blast furnace body 3, a material distribution component 2 and an air port component 8 which are arranged on the blast furnace body 3, and a furnace top gas pipeline 7 is also arranged at the top of the blast furnace body 3. And the material distribution component 2, the blast furnace body 3, the coal injection device 5 and the top gas pipeline 7 are consistent with those of a conventional blast furnace.
The blast furnace body 3 is a cylindrical furnace body constructed on a foundation. Different from the conventional blast furnace, the blast furnace iron-making system with multi-medium injection is additionally provided with the hydrogen-rich medium injection device 6 and the gas injection device 10, can inject a plurality of hydrogen-rich media and CO-rich gas, and realizes that a set of blast furnace iron-making method with multi-medium injection is formed by adopting the coupling process of coal powder injection, hydrogen-rich medium injection, oxygen-rich hot air injection and gas (blast furnace top gas or other gas) injection on the premise of not greatly changing the traditional blast furnace system, so that the concentration of reducing gas in furnace belly gas is greatly improved, and the optimal CO and H required under the current production condition are achieved2The proportion is to fully develop the indirect reduction reaction at the upper part of the blast furnace and reduce the direct reduction degree in the blast furnace so as to achieve the purposes of reducing the coke ratio of the blast furnace and reducing CO in the iron-making process of the blast furnace2The purpose of discharging.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following method:
lump or spherical furnace burden 1 such as iron ore and coke are alternately distributed into the blast furnace body 3 through the distributing component 2, the furnace burden 1 moves from the upper part of the blast furnace body 3 to the lower part of the blast furnace body 3 under the action of gravity, and a large amount of high-temperature furnace belly coal gas generated by the tuyere raceway 11 in the furnace hearth flows to the upper part of the furnace body. On one hand, the high heat carried by the iron ore is transferred to furnace burden 1 such as iron ore and coke, so that the temperature of the iron ore is raised to a temperature which can fully generate indirect reaction with reducing gas; on the other hand, the reducing gas in the hearth gas and the iron ore undergo an indirect reduction reaction to reduce the iron ore to metallic iron.
The coal powder is blown into the blast furnace from the tuyere assembly 8 by coal carrier gas through the coal injection device 5, and the coal injection amount per ton of iron is about 150 kg/thm. Methane, ethane and the like in the volatile components of the pulverized coal are subjected to cracking reaction in the tuyere raceway 11 to generate CO and H2The content of the reducing gas in the furnace chamber coal gas can be further improved.
In the embodiment, the hydrogen-rich medium is coke oven gas, the purified coke oven gas is injected into the blast furnace body 3 through the hydrogen-rich medium injection device 6 and the tuyere assembly 8, and the coke oil and the like in the purified coke oven gasThe content of liquid or solid impurities is less than 0.02 percent, and the injection amount of the blast furnace gas per ton of the iron coke furnace is about 149.8Nm3/thm。
In this embodiment, the gas is blast furnace top gas. The blast furnace top gas after a series of treatments is injected into the blast furnace body 3 through the tuyere assembly 8 by the gas injection device 10, the treatment process comprises the steps of dust removal, desulfurization, decarburization, denitrification, pressurization, heating and the like of the gas, and the amount of the top gas injected into the blast furnace is about 142Nm3And/thm. Wherein, the content of S and solid particles in the purified coal gas is lower than 0.02 percent, and the heating temperature is more than 950 ℃. Therefore, S in the top gas can be prevented from flowing back into the blast furnace along with the gas to cause the enrichment of S in the blast furnace; by decarbonization treatment, CO can be reduced2Melting loss reaction is carried out on the coke, so that the energy consumption is increased; the content of reducing gas in the furnace top gas can be improved through denitrification treatment, so that the indirect reduction reaction in the blast furnace is fully developed; the furnace top gas after the heating treatment is used for supplementing part of heat required by the reduction in the furnace and the temperature rise of the furnace charge 1, and reducing carbon directly consumed by heating, thereby achieving the purpose of further reducing carbon emission.
In order to ensure the reasonability of the air flow distribution in the blast furnace body 3 and the activity of the furnace hearth, the oxygen-enriched hot air injection quantity is calculated to be about 590.6Nm3And/thm. The sum of the injection amount of the oxygen-enriched hot air, the injection amount of the coke oven gas and the injection amount of the blast furnace top gas is about 882.4Nm3And/thm, ensuring that the sum of the oxygen-enriched hot air injection amount, the coke oven gas injection amount and the blast furnace top gas injection amount of each ton of iron is close to the hot air consumption of each ton of iron of the blast furnace with the same furnace volume in the prior art. The blast furnace coke ratio under the working condition is 248.7kg/thm and the fuel ratio is 471.0kg/thm according to the calculation of the heat balance and the material balance.
The blowing pressure of the blast furnace oxygen-enriched hot air blown from the hot blast furnace device 9 is about 0.4Mpa, the hot air oxygen enrichment rate is about 13 percent, the hot air temperature is 1250 ℃, as part of coke oven gas and treated blast furnace top gas are blown, the hot air oxygen enrichment rate can be properly improved compared with the conventional blast furnace, the overheating of a furnace cylinder area can not be caused, the theoretical combustion temperature of the blast furnace tuyere raceway 11 in the state can be calculated through heat balance, and the theoretical combustion temperature is about 1807 ℃. Due to the full development of indirect reduction at the middle upper part of the blast furnace shaft and the reduction of high heat consumption direct reduction, the heat supply required by the hearth is reduced, and the 1807 ℃ theoretical combustion temperature can meet the heat requirement in the hearth according to heat balance calculation under the working condition.
In order to ensure that the blast furnace top gas can be blown to the center of the furnace cylinder and prevent safety problems such as tempering and the like in the injection pipeline of the hydrogen-rich medium and the blast furnace top gas, the injection pressure of the hydrogen-rich medium and the blast furnace gas is higher than that of the oxygen-enriched hot air.
According to the calculation of the heat balance and the material balance, the coal gas injected from the tuyere assembly 8 needs to be heated to about 950 ℃ in order to ensure sufficient heat supply. One part of the oxygen-enriched hot air sprayed from the tuyere assembly 8 is subjected to combustion reaction with the sprayed pulverized coal, the other part of the oxygen-enriched hot air is subjected to combustion reaction with part of coke, and the two reactions both release a large amount of heat to provide heat for the decomposition of pulverized coal volatile components and the melting of molten iron and slag in the furnace. The carbon in the residual coke is respectively mixed with CO in the coal gas2Melting loss reaction occurs and SiO in the slag2And MnO and the like are subjected to reduction reaction and dissolved in molten iron to be carburized as the molten iron. The amount of gas generated in the furnace chamber is about 1370Nm3/thm, the belly gas composition is shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1 hearth gas composition
The reducing gas content in the bosh gas was about 63.54%. The sufficient gas amount of the furnace bosh and the furnace bosh gas with high reducing gas content can ensure that the metallization rate of the iron ore is higher than that of a conventional blast furnace when the iron ore reaches the reflow zone 4, so that the direct reduction reaction of carbon and iron oxide is less generated in a high-temperature zone of the blast furnace, and the direct reduction degree is reduced. At this time, the injection amounts of the coke oven gas (hydrogen-rich medium), the oxygen-rich hot blast, and the treated blast furnace top gas can be adjusted.
In order to ensure that the iron ore and the reducing gas on the upper part of the blast furnace body 3 can fully develop the indirect reduction reaction, preferably, the iron ore with the reduction index RI of more than 80 percent and the comprehensive charging grade of more than 58 percent is used, and the cold strength of the iron ore and the performance index of coke can meet the requirement of the blast furnace smelting of the same grade.
After the indirect reduction reaction, the amount of the dry gas at the top of the furnace is about 1359Nm3And/thm. Dedusting, desulfurizing and CO2After the removal, the CO content in the top gas is about 43.14 percent, and H content is high2The content is about 20.40%, and the gas with high content of reducing gas has higher calorific value. In which 142Nm3/thm entering blast furnace body 3 as gas injection, 216.3Nm3/thm is used for heating the coal gas and oxygen-enriched hot air injected into the blast furnace body 3, the residual coal gas is 141.8Nm3And/thm external supply. Under the working condition, the aim of reducing the carbon emission of blast furnace smelting by 16.4 percent can be achieved.
According to the actual raw fuel conditions in the production process, the CO and H in the coal gas of the furnace chamber can be adjusted by adjusting the proportion of different injection media2The optimal CO and H under the condition of the raw fuel are obtained according to the proportion and the indexes of the yield and the energy consumption of the blast furnace in the actual production process2And (4) proportion. And according to the CO and H obtained2The type and the proportion of the injected hydrogen-rich medium, the coal powder or the coal gas medium which are actually needed in the production process are fed back and adjusted according to the proportion. Finally, the carbon emission of blast furnace smelting can be further reduced.
In summary, in the blast furnace iron-making method by multi-medium injection provided by the embodiment of the invention, on the premise of not greatly changing the traditional blast furnace system, the method of coupling multiple injection media such as coal powder injection, hydrogen-rich medium injection, oxygen-rich hot air and coal gas injection is adopted, the concentration of reducing gas in the coal gas at the furnace belly is greatly increased, and the CO and H required by production are achieved by adjusting different injection medium proportions2The proportion ensures that the furnace fully develops the exothermic indirect reduction reaction, reduces the direct reduction degree in the blast furnace, and simultaneously the injected hydrogen-rich medium replaces part of C reducing agent, reduces the consumption of carbonaceous fuel, and achieves the purposes of reducing the coke ratio of the blast furnace and reducing CO in the iron-making process of the blast furnace2The purpose of discharging.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A blast furnace ironmaking method by multi-medium injection is characterized by comprising the following steps:
injecting various injection media into the blast furnace, and alternately loading coke and iron ore into the blast furnace, wherein the injection media comprise coal gas, hydrogen-rich media, oxygen-rich hot air and coal powder;
the injected medium is subjected to complex chemical reaction in the blast furnace to form furnace belly coal gas;
according to the raw fuel condition, the proportion of the injection medium is regulated and controlled to regulate CO and H in the furnace chamber coal gas2The ratio of (a) to (b).
2. The blast furnace ironmaking method by multi-media injection according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sum of the injection amount of ton iron gas, the injection amount of ton iron hydrogen-rich medium and the injection amount of ton iron oxygen-rich hot air is similar to the hot air consumption of ton iron of the blast furnace with the same furnace volume.
3. A multi-media blast furnace ironmaking process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the coal powder and the oxygen-enriched hot air are sprayed into the blast furnace through a tuyere, and the hydrogen-enriched medium and the coal gas are sprayed into the blast furnace through a tuyere or a furnace body.
4. A multi-media blast furnace ironmaking process according to claim 3, characterized in that: and if the hydrogen-rich medium and the coal gas are sprayed into the blast furnace through the tuyere, the injection pressure of the hydrogen-rich medium and the injection pressure of the coal gas are both higher than the injection pressure of the oxygen-rich hot air.
5. Blast furnace ironmaking process with multi-media injection according to claim 1The method is characterized in that: the hydrogen-rich medium comprises coke oven gas, methane, petrochemical waste gas and hydrogen produced by water electrolysis, the hydrogen content of the hydrogen-rich medium is higher than 50%, and the hydrogen-rich medium does not contain CO2。
6. The blast furnace ironmaking method by multi-media injection according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hydrogen-rich medium needs to be purified before being blown into the blast furnace, and the content of liquid or solid impurities in the purified hydrogen-rich medium is lower than 0.02 percent.
7. The blast furnace ironmaking method by multi-media injection according to claim 1, characterized in that: the coal gas comprises blast furnace gas, converter gas and coal gas.
8. The blast furnace ironmaking method by multi-media injection according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gas is purified before being blown into the blast furnace, and the content of S and solid particles in the purified gas is lower than 0.02 percent.
9. The blast furnace ironmaking method by multi-media injection according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gas is heated before being blown into the blast furnace, and the heating temperature is more than 950 ℃.
10. The blast furnace ironmaking method by multi-media injection according to claim 1, characterized in that: if CO in said gas2If the content exceeds 5%, the gas needs to be subjected to decarburization treatment before being blown into the blast furnace.
11. The blast furnace ironmaking method by multi-media injection according to claim 1, characterized in that: and before the gas is blown into the blast furnace, denitrification treatment is carried out to improve the content of reducing gas in the gas.
12. The blast furnace ironmaking method by multi-media injection according to claim 1, characterized in that: the iron ore is high-reducibility iron ore and comprises one or more of sintered ore, pellet ore, lump ore and composite iron coke, the comprehensive charging grade of the iron ore is more than 58%, and the reduction index RI is more than 80%.
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