CN114752718A - Ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace smelting process and blast furnace smelting system - Google Patents
Ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace smelting process and blast furnace smelting system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 205
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 claims description 31
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
- C21B5/002—Heated electrically (plasma)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
- C21B5/003—Injection of pulverulent coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/06—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace using top gas in the blast furnace process
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of low-carbon environmental protection in the steel industry, in particular to an ultra-low-carbon-consumption blast furnace smelting process and a blast furnace smelting system. The ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace smelting process comprises the following steps: adding a mixed charge and coke to a blast furnace to produce molten iron, the mixed charge comprising a conventional charge and a novel charge; sequentially carrying out dust removal, quality improvement and electric heating treatment on the top gas generated in the blast furnace ironmaking process to obtain treated top gas, and spraying the treated top gas into a blast furnace; spraying pulverized coal and oxygen-enriched air into the blast furnace; wherein, during the electric heating treatment, the furnace top gas is electrically heated to 950-1250 ℃. The beneficial effects are that: the amount of the top gas circularly sprayed into the blast furnace is increased, the amount of the pulverized coal sprayed into the blast furnace is reduced, the primary energy consumption of the blast furnace is reduced, and a good carbon reduction effect is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of low-carbon environmental protection in the steel industry, in particular to an ultra-low-carbon-consumption blast furnace smelting process and a blast furnace smelting system.
Background
China's iron and steel industry CO every year2About 18 hundred million tons of emission accounts for more than 15 percent of the total carbon emission in China, and the implementation of low-carbon smelting of steel is a necessary way. The carbon emission of the whole ironmaking process accounts for about 85% of the whole process of the steel, so the carbon reduction of the ironmaking is the most important.
At present, the subsequent application mode of the top gas generated by the traditional long-flow blast furnace smelting mainly takes combustion as a main mode, and comprises various heating (such as a hot blast stove, a heating furnace and the like) and power generation. During the combustion process, the coal gas contains about 23% of CO and 3% of H2Finally become CO2And H2O is discharged to the atmosphere, and such an energy utilization method has mainly the following problems.
1. The carbon has longer using flow and more links, although the carbon can be completely utilized, the carbon is finally converted into CO2But CO2The emission is dispersed, which is not beneficial to the subsequent treatment and trapping.
2. In the subsequent application process of the coal gas flow, each link is equivalent to primary energy source reconversion, certain energy source loss is bound to accompany, the use efficiency of the primary energy source is reduced, and carbon emission reduction is not facilitated.
Therefore, for the traditional long-flow blast furnace smelting, the key points of carbon reduction and consumption reduction are to reduce the use link of primary energy as much as possible and improve the use efficiency, and the top gas generated in the smelting process is more used as a reducing agent and is not used or used as a heating agent as little as possible, which is the key point of the traditional blast furnace for carbon reduction and consumption reduction.
At present, in the field of blast furnace smelting, a great deal of research is carried out by many scholars aiming at more efficiently utilizing the top gas and reducing the consumption of carbon elements of the blast furnace. Some coal gasification devices are introduced into a long-flow blast furnace smelting process, high-temperature coal gas generated by the coal gasification devices and decarbonized furnace top coal gas are mixed and then sprayed into a blast furnace, although the coke ratio can be reduced to a certain degree, and the coke reduction target is achieved, in the process, the coal ratio of the blast furnace is up to 240-350 kg/tHM, the coal ratio of the coal gasification devices is 50-250 kg/tHM, the total primary energy consumption is not reduced compared with that of a conventional blast furnace, and the carbon reduction effect cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace smelting process and a blast furnace smelting system, which are used for solving the problems of high carbon consumption and poor carbon reduction effect in the steel smelting production process in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides an ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace process, comprising:
adding a mixed charge and coke to a blast furnace to produce molten iron, the mixed charge comprising a conventional charge and a novel charge;
sequentially carrying out dust removal, quality improvement and electric heating treatment on the top gas generated in the blast furnace ironmaking process to obtain treated top gas, and spraying the treated top gas into a blast furnace;
spraying pulverized coal and oxygen-enriched air into the blast furnace;
wherein, during the electric heating treatment, the furnace top gas is electrically heated to 950-1250 ℃.
Optionally, the mixed furnace burden further comprises a metallized furnace burden, and the comprehensive grade of the mixed furnace burden added to the blast furnace is greater than or equal to 60%; the weight ratio of the conventional furnace burden, the novel furnace burden and the metallized furnace burden in the mixed furnace burden is 5-35%, 10-95% and 0-55% in sequence.
Optionally, the conventional furnace burden comprises any one of sintered ore, pellets or lump ore, or a mixture of two or more of the sintered ore, the pellets or the lump ore; the novel furnace burden comprises ore and inferior coal, the metallization rate of the novel furnace burden is more than or equal to 70%, the reactivity CRI is more than or equal to 65%, and the post-reaction strength CSR is more than or equal to 30%; the metallization furnace includes sponge iron and/or crushed iron.
Optionally, the coke ratio of the coke added to the blast furnace is 200kg/tHM to 260 kg/tHM.
Optionally, the top gas generated in the blast furnace ironmaking process is sequentially subjected to dust removal, quality improvement and electric heating treatment to obtain treated top gas, the treated top gas is injected into the blast furnace,
electrically heating furnace top gas to 950-1250 ℃ by a gas electric heating device; the coal gas electric heating device comprises a heating body, a heating cavity is arranged in the heating body, a refractory material layer covers the inner wall of the heating cavity, a heating element made of refractory material is arranged in the heating cavity, an air inlet and an air outlet are formed in the heating body, and furnace top coal gas enters the heating body along the air inlet, is heated to 950-1250 ℃, and then is discharged from the air outlet;
the amount of the treated top gas injected into the blast furnace is 30 to 100 percent of the amount of the generated top gas.
Optionally, the pulverized coal and the oxygen-enriched air are sprayed into the blast furnace, and the oxygen-enriched air is heated to 500-1300 ℃ by an oxygen-enriched air electric heating device.
Optionally, the oxygen content of the oxygen-enriched air sprayed into the blast furnace is 35-100%; when the oxygen content of the oxygen-enriched air is 35-60%, heating the oxygen-enriched air to 950-1300 ℃ and spraying the oxygen-enriched air into the blast furnace; when the oxygen content of the oxygen-enriched air is 60-90%, heating the oxygen-enriched air to 500-950 ℃ and spraying the oxygen-enriched air into the blast furnace; when the oxygen content of the oxygen-enriched air is more than 90%, the oxygen-enriched air is directly sprayed into the blast furnace.
Optionally, injecting a first reducing gas into the blast furnace, wherein the flow rate of the first reducing gas injected into the blast furnace is 90Nm3/tHM～500Nm3(ii) tHM; the first reducing gas comprises CO-rich gas and H-rich gas2Any one of gas, natural gas or shale gas, or a mixed gas of two or more of the gases.
Optionally, the coal ratio of the pulverized coal injected into the blast furnace is 0-60 kg/tHM; the conveying medium for injecting the pulverized coal into the blast furnace is nitrogen, compressed air or the first reducing gas.
To achieve the above and other related objects, there is also provided a blast furnace process system for performing an ultra low carbon consumption blast furnace process as described above, comprising:
a blast furnace;
the device comprises a furnace top gas treatment device, wherein the furnace top gas treatment device comprises a dust removal device, an upgrading device and a gas electric heating device which are sequentially connected, and the dust removal device and the gas electric heating device are respectively connected with a gas outlet and a gas injection inlet of the blast furnace.
As mentioned above, the ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace smelting process and the blast furnace smelting system of the invention at least have the following beneficial effects: the amount of the top gas circularly sprayed into the blast furnace is increased, the amount of the pulverized coal sprayed into the blast furnace is reduced, the primary energy consumption of the blast furnace is reduced, and a good carbon reduction effect is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace smelting process of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of the ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace process of example 1 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart showing the process of example 2 of the ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace process shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart showing example 3 of the ultra low carbon consumption blast furnace process shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a blast furnace smelting system according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1 of the blast furnace smelting system shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 2 of the blast furnace smelting system shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of the blast furnace smelting system of example 3 in FIG. 5.
Description of reference numerals
1-blast furnace; 2-a dust removal device; 21-gravity dust collector; 22-a dry dust collector; 3-upgrading devices; 31-a desulfurization unit; 32-a pressurizing device; 33-a decarbonation unit; 34-a denitrification unit; 35-a second bypass line; 4-gas electric heating device; 5-an oxygen-enriched air electric heating device; 51-a first bypass line; 61-conventional charging materials; 62-novel furnace burden; 63-metallizing the charge; 64-coke; 65-pulverized coal; 66-a first reducing gas; 67-a second reducing gas; 68-oxygen-enriched air; 69-green electricity.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments of the present invention are provided by way of specific examples, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the drawings provided in the present embodiment are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the components related to the present invention are only shown in the drawings rather than drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be changed freely, and the layout of the components may be more complicated. The structures, proportions, sizes, and other dimensions shown in the drawings and described in the specification are for understanding and reading the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, which is defined in the claims, and are not essential to the art, and any structural modifications, changes in proportions, or adjustments in size, which do not affect the efficacy and attainment of the same are intended to fall within the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
Before describing embodiments of the present invention in detail, the present invention will be described in an application environment. The technology of the invention is mainly applied to the steel industry, in particular to a low-carbon environment-friendly smelting technology applied to the steel industry. The invention solves the problems of high carbon consumption and poor carbon reduction effect of the blast furnace in the traditional process.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in some embodiments, the present invention provides an ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace process, comprising:
adding a mixed charge including a conventional charge 61 and a novel charge 62 and coke 64 to the blast furnace 1 to produce molten iron;
sequentially carrying out dust removal, quality improvement and electric heating treatment on the top gas generated in the blast furnace ironmaking process to obtain treated top gas, and spraying the treated top gas into a blast furnace 1, wherein the amount of the treated top gas sprayed into the blast furnace is 30-100% of the amount of the generated top gas;
injecting pulverized coal 65 and oxygen-enriched air 68 into the blast furnace 1;
wherein, during the electric heating treatment, the furnace top gas is electrically heated to 950-1250 ℃.
The furnace top gas is heated to 950-1250 ℃ by adopting an electric heating mode and then is used as a reducing agent to be sprayed back into the blast furnace 1 for recycling, so that the primary energy consumption of the blast furnace is effectively reduced, and the carbon reduction target that the coke ratio of conventional coke is 200-260 kg/tHM, the coal ratio of coal powder is less than or equal to 60kg/tHM, and the total solid fuel ratio is less than or equal to 260kg/tHM is realized; and the smelting requirement of the blast furnace is ensured by processing the top gas and injecting the coal powder 65 and the oxygen-enriched air 68 into the blast furnace.
Referring to fig. 1-5, in some embodiments, the blended charge further includes a metalized charge 63, and the combined grade of the blended charge added to blast furnace 1 is greater than or equal to 60%.
Optionally, the weight ratio of the conventional furnace burden 61, the novel furnace burden 62 and the metallized furnace burden 63 in the mixed furnace burden is 5-35%, 10-95% and 0-55% in sequence.
Optionally, the conventional furnace burden comprises any one of, two or more than two of sinter, pellet or lump ore; the novel furnace burden comprises ore and low-grade coal, wherein the ore and the low-grade coal are mixed so that the metallization rate of the novel furnace burden is more than or equal to 70%, the reactivity CRI is more than or equal to 65%, the strength CSR after reaction is more than or equal to 30%, and the novel furnace burden can greatly improve indirect reduction; the metallization furnace includes sponge iron and/or crushed iron.
Optionally, the coke ratio of the coke added into the blast furnace is 200 kg/tHM-260 kg/tHM, so that the coke consumption can be reduced, and the coke can play a skeleton role.
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, in some embodiments, top gas generated in a blast furnace iron making process is sequentially subjected to dust removal, upgrading and heating treatment to obtain treated top gas, and the treated top gas is injected into the blast furnace, the top gas is heated to 950 ℃ to 1250 ℃ by a gas electric heating device, and the amount of the treated top gas injected into the blast furnace is 30% to 100% of the amount of the generated top gas. The power source of the electric heating device uses green electricity 69 as a main energy source, and the green electricity can be hydroelectric power, wind power, solar power and the like. The heated top coal gas can be sprayed into the blast furnace from a tuyere or can be sprayed into the blast furnace from a furnace body, and 30 to 100 percent of the generated top coal gas is sprayed back into the blast furnace, so that the primary energy consumption of the blast furnace is favorably reduced, the circulation of a certain carbon amount is ensured, and the additional carbon amount is reduced, thereby realizing the real carbon reduction.
Optionally, the gas electric heating device comprises a heating body, a heating chamber is arranged in the heating body, a refractory material layer covers the inner wall of the heating chamber, a heating element made of refractory material is arranged in the heating chamber, an air inlet and an air outlet are arranged on the heating body, and the furnace top gas enters the heating body along the air inlet and is heated to 950 ℃ -1250 ℃ and then is discharged from the air outlet. Furthermore, the refractory material and the heating element of the refractory material layer can be made of refractory materials such as low-iron high-alumina bricks, corundum castable, SiC castable, ceramic composite bricks or zirconium-containing bricks. Furthermore, the gas electric heating device also comprises an auxiliary pipeline, the auxiliary pipeline comprises a gas inlet pipe and a gas outlet pipe, the gas inlet pipe is communicated with the gas inlet, the gas outlet pipe is communicated with the gas outlet, the furnace top gas is conveyed to the gas inlet through the gas inlet pipe, the furnace top gas enters the heating cavity, is heated to a preset temperature, is discharged from the gas outlet and is conveyed to a designated area through the gas outlet pipe. When the traditional coal gas is heated to a higher temperature, the coal gas is heated either by a traditional tube type heating device or by introducing oxygen into a heating chamber for combustion heating. However, the heating temperature of the traditional tube array heating device generally cannot exceed 500 ℃, and if the heating temperature is too high, not only the strength of a steel tube in the tube array heating device is weakened because the steel tube cannot bear too high stability, but also carbon generated by cracking carbon monoxide in coal gas can be attached to the steel tube, so that the heat exchange effect is influenced; the oxygen is directly introduced for combustion heating, so that the heating temperature of the coal gas can be raised, but carbon monoxide in the coal gas can be consumed due to the fact that the temperature is raised by the spontaneous combustion of the coal gas, and the amount of the carbon monoxide sprayed back to the blast furnace is reduced. The inner wall of the heating cavity is covered by the refractory material layer, so that the refractory material layer is in contact with the furnace top gas, the refractory material reaches a high-temperature state, a closed heat exchange space is formed by the refractory material, and an electric heating mode is adopted to enable the heating element made of the refractory material to provide heat for the heating cavity, so that the refractory material is directly in contact with the gas to transfer the heat to the gas, carbon monoxide in the gas is not consumed, the gas can be heated to a higher temperature, the refractory material can also keep good strength up to 1300 ℃, the service life and the heating effect of the gas electric heating device are ensured, and the gas electric heating device is safer and more reliable.
Optionally, the power source of each device of the top gas in the processes of dust removal and quality improvement takes green electricity as a main energy source. Wherein, the devices required in the quality-improving process comprise a coal gas desulfurization device, a coal gas decarburization device, a coal gas dehumidification device, a coal gas denitrification device, a coal gas pressurization device and the like.
Referring to fig. 1-5, in some embodiments, a first reducing gas 66 is injected into the blast furnace.
Alternatively, the first reducing gas 66 may be a CO-rich gas, a H-rich gas2Any one gas, any two or a mixture of any two or more of gas, natural gas or shale gas.
Alternatively, the first reducing gas 66 is injected into the blast furnace 1 at a flow rate of 90Nm3/tHM～500Nm3and/tHM. By injecting the first reducing gas 66 into the blast furnace, the smelting conditions of the blast furnace can be sufficiently ensured, the shortage of the reducing agent is avoided, and the flow rate of the first reducing gas is less than 500Nm3And the/tHM avoids resource waste.
Optionally, a second reducing gas 67 may be injected into the blast furnace, the second reducing gas 67 may be converter gas, waste energy may be fully recycled, and the second reducing gas 67 may also be the first reducing gas 66. Wherein, when the second reducing gas 67 is converter gas, the second reducing gas 67 may be first processed by a gas upgrading device to remove CO, for example, mixed in the second reducing gas before being introduced into the blast furnace2、N2The coal gas upgrading device for removing the non-reducing gas can be shared with the coal gas upgrading device in the furnace top coal gas upgrading process, namely, the second reducing gas 67 can be introduced between the furnace top coal gas dedusting and upgrading processes, mixed with the furnace top coal gas, subjected to upgrading treatment and then sprayed into the blast furnace. The process is simplified, and the equipment utilization rate is improved.
Optionally, the amount of pulverized coal injected into the blast furnace 1 is 0-60 kg/thM, and may be any one of 0kg/thM, 10kg/thM, 30kg/thM, or 60kg/thM, for example. Wherein the conveying medium for injecting the pulverized coal 65 into the blast furnace 1 may be nitrogen, compressed air or a first reducing gas 66.
Referring to fig. 1-5, in some embodiments, the oxygen-enriched air 68 is heated to 500-1300 ℃ by the oxygen-enriched air electric heating device 5 in injecting the pulverized coal 65, the oxygen-enriched air 68 and the first reducing gas 66 into the blast furnace 1.
Optionally, the oxygen content of the oxygen-enriched air injected into the blast furnace 1 is 35-100%. Further, when the oxygen content of the oxygen-enriched air is 35-60%, the oxygen-enriched air is heated to 950-1300 ℃ and then is sprayed into the blast furnace 1; when the oxygen content of the oxygen-enriched air is 60-90%, heating the oxygen-enriched air to 500-950 ℃, and spraying the oxygen-enriched air into the blast furnace 1; when the oxygen content of the oxygen-enriched air is more than 90 percent, the oxygen-enriched air is directly sprayed into the blast furnace without heating.
Optionally, the oxygen-enriched air electric heating device comprises a heating body, a heating cavity is arranged in the heating body, clay, high-aluminum shaped and unshaped refractory materials are lined on the inner wall of the heating cavity, a heating element made of refractory materials is arranged in the heating cavity, an air inlet and an air outlet are formed in the heating body, and oxygen-enriched air enters the heating body along the air inlet and is heated to a preset temperature and then is discharged from the air outlet. Furthermore, the oxygen-enriched air electric heating device also comprises an auxiliary pipeline, the auxiliary pipeline comprises an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, the air inlet pipe is communicated with the air inlet, the air outlet pipe is communicated with the air outlet, air is introduced into the heating cavity through the air inlet pipe and the air inlet, and the air is discharged from the air outlet and conveyed to the blast furnace through the air outlet pipe after the heating is completed. Adopt the electrical heating mode to heat the oxygen-enriched air, compare with traditional hot-blast furnace system, need not to obtain the heat through burning carbon base coal gas mode, can avoid producing a large amount of carbon dioxide, reduce carbon and discharge, environmental protection more.
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, in some embodiments, the present application further provides a blast furnace smelting system for implementing the ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace smelting process according to any one of the above embodiments, including a blast furnace 1 and a top gas treatment device. The furnace top gas treatment device comprises a dust removal device 2, an upgrading device 3 and a gas electric heating device 5 which are connected in sequence, and the dust removal device 2 and the gas electric heating device 5 are respectively connected with a gas outlet and a gas injection inlet of the blast furnace 1. Wherein, the gas outlet can be positioned at the top of the blast furnace, and the gas injection inlet can be positioned at the furnace body of the blast furnace or the tuyere of the blast furnace. The top gas is discharged from the blast furnace, then sequentially passes through the dust removal device, the quality improvement device and the gas electric heating device and then is sprayed back to the blast furnace, so that the top gas is fully recycled as a reducing agent for use, and the consumption of primary energy by the blast furnace is reduced.
Optionally, the dust removing device 2 comprises a gravity dust remover 21 and a dry dust remover 22.
Optionally, the upgrading device 3 comprises a desulfurization device 31, a pressurization device 32, a decarburization device 33, and a denitrification device 34. A second bypass pipeline 35 connected with the denitrification device in parallel is arranged between the decarburization device and the gas electric heating device.
Optionally, the blast furnace smelting system further comprises an oxygen-enriched air electric heating device 5, and the oxygen-enriched air electric heating device 5 is connected with the blast furnace 1 and is used for heating the oxygen-enriched air sprayed into the blast furnace.
Optionally, the blast furnace smelting system further comprises a first bypass pipeline 51, the first bypass pipeline 51 is connected in parallel with the oxygen-enriched air electric heating device 5, and when the oxygen-enriched air does not need to be heated, the oxygen-enriched air is directly sent into the blast furnace 1 through the first bypass pipeline 51.
Optionally, the blast furnace smelting system further comprises a safety control module and an intelligent AI control module for intelligent control, wherein the control module comprises a safety control module for controlling the linkage of each system, a tuyere region state model, a furnace internal heat balance and each parameter calculation model, a gas flow distribution model and the like.
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following specific examples.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 2 and 6, the blast furnace smelting system of the present embodiment includes a blast furnace 1, a gravity dust collector 21, a dry dust collector 22, a desulfurization device 31, a pressurization device 32, a decarburization device 33, a denitrification device 34, a gas electric heating device 4, and a furnace roof system, a slag treatment system, various utilities and the like similar to a conventional blast furnace. Wherein, the gravity dust collector 21, the dry dust collector 22, the desulphurization device 31, the pressurization device 32, the decarbonization device 33, the denitrification device 34 and the gas electric heating device 4 are connected in sequence, and the gravity dust collector 21 and the gas electric heating device 4 are both connected with the blast furnace 1.
In this embodiment, the process flow of the ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace smelting process is as follows:
lump ore, inferior coal, iron coke, broken iron and coke are fed into a blast furnace according to a certain material distribution system. In the mixed charging material formed by mixing lump ore, inferior coal and broken iron, the weight proportion of the novel charging material formed by mixing the ore and the inferior coal is 62%, the weight proportion of the lump ore in the mixed charging material is 14%, and the weight proportion of the broken iron in the mixed charging material is 24% in order to improve the grade of the mixed charging material, so that the comprehensive grade of the mixed charging material entering a blast furnace reaches 65%. In the embodiment, the ferro-coke and the mixed charging materials are mixed into the furnace, the ferro-coke amount can be about 60kg/thM, and specifically, the ferro-coke amount is 60 kg/thM. In this example, the coke was regular coke and the coke ratio of the coke was 200 kg/tHM.
The top gas produced in the blast furnace ironmaking process is 100% full cycle, and the components are shown in table 1:
table 1 example 1 table of composition of top gas before treatment
| Components | CO | H2 | CO2 | N2 |
| Ratio of | 65.5％ | 4.6％ | 28.9％ | 1％ |
In the embodiment, the dust is removed by adopting a dust removal mode combining gravity dust removal and dry dust removal, and the furnace top gas is subjected to dust removal by matching the gravity dust remover 21 with the dry dust remover 22The dust amount is reduced to 10mg/Nm3The following.
The dedusted top gas enters a desulphurization device 31 to reduce the total content of organic sulfur and inorganic sulfur in the top gas to below 10 ppm; the top gas enters a pressurizing device 32 after being desulfurized, the desulfurized top gas enters a decarbonizing device 33 after being pressurized to 0.6MPa, and CO in the top gas2The temperature is reduced to below 1 percent. The treated top gas composition is given in table 2.
Table 2 example 1 table of the composition of the top gas after treatment
| Components | CO | H2 | CO2 | N2 |
| Ratio of | 91.6％ | 6.4％ | 0.6％ | 1.4％ |
It should be noted that the upgrading device includes a denitrification device 34 and a second bypass pipeline 35, when the blast furnace is opened and the blast furnace is re-ventilated after fixed maintenance, the top gas contains more nitrogen, and at this time, the denitrification device 34 gradually reduces the N in the circulating gas2Removing the water to below 1 percent; after the blast furnace is stably produced, N in the top gas2The content is stabilized at 1%In the following, the top gas is now diverted away in the second bypass line 35.
The treated top gas is heated to 950 ℃ by the gas electric heating device 4, and the heated top gas enters the blast furnace 1 from the tuyere area.
In this embodiment, the oxygen-enriched air 68 is pure oxygen of 100%, and the oxygen-enriched air in the normal temperature state directly enters the blast furnace from the tuyere region through the first bypass pipeline 51 without using the oxygen-enriched air electric heating device 5.
In this embodiment, the pulverized coal 65 is delivered into the blast furnace by compressed air, and the coal ratio is less than or equal to 60 kg/tHM.
Under the conditions, the embodiment can realize the blast furnace smelting coke ratio of 200kg/tHM (conventional coke), the coal ratio is less than or equal to 60kg/tHM, the total solid fuel ratio is less than or equal to 260kg/tHM, and the fuel ratio is reduced by about 50 percent compared with the conventional blast furnace.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 3 and 7, the blast furnace smelting system of the embodiment includes a blast furnace 1, a gravity dust collector 21, a dry dust collector 22, a desulphurization device 31, a pressurization device 32, a decarbonization device 33, a denitrification device 34, a gas electric heating device 4, an oxygen-enriched air electric heating device 5, and a furnace roof system, a slag treatment system, various public and auxiliary facilities and the like similar to a conventional blast furnace. Wherein, the gravity dust collector 21, the dry dust collector 22, the desulphurization device 31, the pressurization device 32, the decarbonization device 33, the denitrification device 34 and the coal gas electric heating device 4 are connected in sequence, and the gravity dust collector 21, the coal gas electric heating device 4 and the oxygen-enriched air electric heating device 5 are all connected with the blast furnace 1.
In this embodiment, the flow of the ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace process is as follows:
the sintered ore, inferior coal, broken iron and coke are fed into a blast furnace according to a certain material distribution system. In a mixed furnace charge formed by mixing sintered ores, inferior coal and crushed iron, the weight proportion of the sintered ores is 26 percent, and the weight proportion of a novel furnace charge formed by mixing the ores and the inferior coal in the mixed furnace charge is 50 percent; in order to improve the grade of the furnace charge, the weight ratio of the crushed iron in the mixed furnace charge is 24 percent, so that the comprehensive grade of the mixed furnace charge entering the blast furnace reaches 65 percent. In this example, the coke may be conventional coke, and the coke ratio of the coke is 200 kg/tHM.
80% of the top gas produced in the blast furnace ironmaking process is injected into the blast furnace circulation, and another 20% can be delivered to other users, and the components are shown in table 3:
table 3 example 2 table of composition of top gas before treatment
| Components | CO | H2 | CO2 | N2 |
| Ratio of | 65％ | 4％ | 26％ | 5％ |
In the embodiment, the dust is removed by adopting a dust removal mode combining gravity dust removal and dry dust removal, and the dust content of the top gas is reduced to 10mg/Nm by matching the gravity dust remover 21 with the dry dust remover 22 for dust removal3The following.
The dedusted top gas enters a desulphurization device 31 to reduce the total content of organic sulfur and inorganic sulfur in the top gas to below 10 ppm; the top gas enters a pressurizing device 32 after being desulfurized, the desulfurized top gas enters a decarbonizing device 33 after being pressurized to 0.6MPa, and CO in the top gas2The temperature is reduced to below 1 percent; the top gas enters a denitrification device 34 after being decarbonizedN in the top gas2The temperature is reduced to below 1 percent. The treated top gas composition is shown in table 4.
Table 4 example 2 table of top gas compositions after treatment
| Components | CO | H2 | CO2 | N2 |
| Ratio of | 93.5％ | 5.6％ | 0.7％ | 0.2％ |
The treated top gas is heated to 950 ℃ by a gas electric heating device 4, the heated gas is divided into two parts, one part accounts for 20 percent, and the two parts enter a blast furnace from a furnace body; the other part, 80%, enters the blast furnace 1 from the tuyere zone.
In the embodiment, the oxygen-enriched air 68 is prepared by mixing 20% of air and 80% of oxygen, namely the oxygen content of the oxygen-enriched air is 80%, the total oxygen content of the blast air is 84.2%, then the oxygen-enriched air is heated to 500 ℃ by the oxygen-enriched air electric heating device 5, and the heated oxygen-enriched air enters the blast furnace from the tuyere region.
In this example, the portion of the first reducing gas 66 added is coke oven gas in an amount of about 230Nm3And the temperature is about 80 ℃, the pressure is more than 0.6MPa, and the mixture enters the blast furnace from the tuyere area. The coke oven gas composition is shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 example 2 Coke oven gas composition Table
In the embodiment, the coal powder 65 is conveyed into the blast furnace through the added coke oven gas, and the coal ratio is less than or equal to 60 kg/tHM.
Under the conditions, the embodiment can realize the blast furnace smelting coke ratio of 200kg/tHM (conventional coke), the coal ratio is less than or equal to 60kg/tHM, the total solid fuel ratio is less than or equal to 260kg/tHM, and the fuel ratio is reduced by about 50 percent compared with the conventional blast furnace.
Example 3:
referring to fig. 4 and 8, the blast furnace smelting system of the present embodiment includes a blast furnace 1, a gravity dust collector 21, a dry dust collector 22, a desulfurization device 31, a pressurization device 32, a decarburization device 33, a denitrification device 34, a gas electric heating device 4, and a furnace roof system, a slag treatment system, various utilities and the like similar to a conventional blast furnace. Wherein, the gravity dust collector 21, the dry dust collector 22, the desulphurization device 31, the pressurization device 32, the decarbonization device 33, the denitrification device 34 and the gas electric heating device 4 are connected in sequence, and the gravity dust collector 21 and the gas electric heating device 4 are both connected with the blast furnace 1.
In this embodiment, the flow of the ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace smelting process is as follows:
the pellets, ore, inferior coal, broken iron and coke are fed into a blast furnace according to a certain material distribution system. In the mixed charging material formed by mixing the pellets, the ore, the inferior coal and the broken iron, the weight proportion of the pellets is about 24.4 percent, and the weight proportion of the novel charging material formed by mixing the ore and the inferior coal in the mixed charging material is 50 percent; in order to improve the grade of the furnace charge, the weight ratio of the crushed iron in the mixed furnace charge is 25.6 percent, and the comprehensive grade of the mixed furnace charge entering the blast furnace can reach 67.4 percent through the crushed iron. In this example, the coke may be conventional coke, and the coke ratio of the coke is 200 kg/tHM.
80% of the top gas produced in the blast furnace ironmaking process is injected into the blast furnace cycle and another 20% can be delivered to other users, the composition of which is shown in table 6:
table 6 example 3 table of the composition of the top gas before treatment
| Components | CO | H2 | CO2 | N2 |
| Ratio of | 62.9％ | 3.9％ | 25.2％ | 8％ |
In the embodiment, the dust is removed by adopting a dust removal mode combining gravity dust removal and dry dust removal, and the dust content of the top gas is reduced to 10mg/Nm by matching the gravity dust remover 21 with the dry dust remover 22 for dust removal3The following.
The dedusted furnace top gas enters a desulphurization device 31, and the total content of organic sulfur and inorganic sulfur in the furnace top gas is reduced to below 10 ppm; the top gas is desulfurized and then enters a pressurizing device 32, and the desulfurized top gas is pressurized to 0.6MPa and then enters a decarburization device 33.
In this embodiment, in order to increase the reduction potential of the coal gas in the furnace chamber, a portion of the second reducing gas 67 is added, and the second reducing gas 67 may be converter coal gas in an amount of about 252Nm3The temperature is about 80 ℃, the pressure is about 25kPa, the converter gas needs to be additionally provided with a pressurizing device 32, the converter gas is pressurized to 0.6MPa and then is mixed with the pressurized top gas to obtain mixed gas, the mixed gas enters a decarburization device 33 together, and CO in the mixed gas is removed2Reducing the content of N to below 1%, entering a denitrification device 34, and reducing the content of N in the mixed gas2The temperature is reduced to below 1 percent. The composition of the added converter gas is shown in Table 7, and the composition of the treated mixed gas is shown in Table 8.
TABLE 7 TABLE 3 ingredient table of converter gas in example 3
| Components | CO | H2 | CO2 | N2 |
| Ratio of | 44.2％ | 1.5％ | 27.7％ | 26.6％ |
Table 8 table of composition of mixed gas after treatment in example 3
| Components | CO | H2 | CO2 | N2 |
| Ratio of | 93.5％ | 4.5％ | 1％ | 1％ |
The treated mixed gas is heated to 1200 ℃ by a gas electric heating device 4, and the heated mixed gas enters the blast furnace 1 from the tuyere area.
In this embodiment, the oxygen-enriched air is pure oxygen with a purity of 100%, that is, the oxygen content of the oxygen-enriched air 68 is 100%, the oxygen-enriched air can be heated without heating, and the oxygen-enriched air in a normal temperature state directly enters the blast furnace from the tuyere region through the first bypass pipeline 51.
In the embodiment, the coal powder 65 can be conveyed into the blast furnace 1 by compressed air, and the coal ratio is less than or equal to 60 kg/tHM.
Under the conditions, the embodiment can realize the blast furnace smelting coke ratio of 200kg/tHM (conventional coke), the coal ratio is less than or equal to 60kg/tHM, the total solid fuel ratio is less than or equal to 260kg/tHM, and the fuel ratio is reduced by about 50 percent compared with the conventional blast furnace.
The comparison of examples 1, 2 and 3 with conventional blast furnace smelting techniques is detailed in Table 9.
TABLE 9 Main technical and economic indices of examples 1, 2 and 3
The ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace smelting process and the blast furnace smelting system can greatly reduce the carbon consumption of the blast furnace, and achieve the aims of reducing the coke ratio to be less than or equal to 260kg/tHM (conventional coke), reducing the coal ratio to be less than or equal to 60kg/tHM and reducing the total solid fuel ratio to be less than 260kg/tHM by improving the cyclic utilization rate of the gas at the top of the blast furnace and adopting green electricity as a main energy source in the smelting process.
In the description of the present specification, reference to the description of the terms "present embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace smelting process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adding a mixed charge and coke to a blast furnace to produce molten iron, the mixed charge comprising a conventional charge and a novel charge;
sequentially carrying out dust removal, quality improvement and electric heating treatment on the top gas generated in the blast furnace ironmaking process to obtain treated top gas, and spraying the treated top gas into a blast furnace;
spraying pulverized coal and oxygen-enriched air into the blast furnace;
wherein, during the electric heating treatment, the furnace top gas is electrically heated to 950-1250 ℃.
2. The ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace process according to claim 1, wherein: the mixed furnace burden also comprises metallized furnace burden, and the comprehensive grade of the mixed furnace burden added into the blast furnace is more than or equal to 60%; the weight ratio of the conventional furnace burden, the novel furnace burden and the metallized furnace burden in the mixed furnace burden is 5-35%, 10-95% and 0-55% in sequence.
3. The ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace process according to claim 2, wherein: the conventional furnace burden comprises any one or mixture of two or more than two of sinter ore, pellets or lump ore; the novel furnace burden comprises ore and inferior coal, the metallization rate of the novel furnace burden is more than or equal to 70%, the reactivity CRI is more than or equal to 65%, and the post-reaction intensity CSR is more than or equal to 30%; the metallization furnace includes sponge iron and/or crushed iron.
4. The ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace process according to claim 1, wherein: the coke ratio of the coke added to the blast furnace is 200kg/tHM to 260 kg/tHM.
5. The ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace process according to claim 1, wherein: the top gas generated in the blast furnace ironmaking process is sequentially subjected to dust removal, quality improvement and electric heating treatment to obtain treated top gas, the treated top gas is sprayed into the blast furnace,
electrically heating furnace top gas to 950-1250 ℃ by a gas electric heating device; the coal gas electric heating device comprises a heating body, a heating cavity is arranged in the heating body, a refractory material layer covers the inner wall of the heating cavity, a heating element made of refractory material is arranged in the heating cavity, an air inlet and an air outlet are formed in the heating body, and furnace top coal gas enters the heating body along the air inlet, is heated to 950-1250 ℃, and then is discharged from the air outlet;
the amount of the treated top gas injected into the blast furnace is 30 to 100 percent of the amount of the generated top gas.
6. The ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace process according to claim 1, wherein: and spraying coal powder and oxygen-enriched air into the blast furnace, wherein the oxygen-enriched air is heated to 500-1300 ℃ by an oxygen-enriched air electric heating device.
7. The ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace process according to claim 1, wherein: the oxygen content of the oxygen-enriched air sprayed into the blast furnace is 35-100 percent; when the oxygen content of the oxygen-enriched air is 35-60%, heating the oxygen-enriched air to 950-1300 ℃ and spraying the oxygen-enriched air into the blast furnace; when the oxygen content of the oxygen-enriched air is 60-90%, heating the oxygen-enriched air to 500-950 ℃ and spraying the oxygen-enriched air into the blast furnace; when the oxygen content of the oxygen-enriched air is more than 90%, the oxygen-enriched air is directly sprayed into the blast furnace.
8. The ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace process according to claim 1, wherein: injecting a first reducing gas into the blast furnace at a flow rate of 90Nm3/tHM～500Nm3(ii) tHM; the first reducing gas comprises CO-rich gas and H-rich gas2Any one of gas, natural gas or shale gas, or a mixed gas of two or more of the gases.
9. The ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace process according to claim 8, wherein: the coal ratio of the pulverized coal injected into the blast furnace is 0-60 kg/tHM; the conveying medium for injecting the pulverized coal into the blast furnace is nitrogen, compressed air or the first reducing gas.
10. A blast furnace smelting system for performing the ultra-low carbon consumption blast furnace smelting process according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
a blast furnace;
the device comprises a furnace top gas treatment device, wherein the furnace top gas treatment device comprises a dust removal device, an upgrading device and a gas electric heating device which are sequentially connected, and the dust removal device and the gas electric heating device are respectively connected with a gas outlet and a gas injection inlet of the blast furnace.
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