CN113828291A - Composite photocatalyst with full-spectrum absorption characteristic and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite photocatalyst with full-spectrum absorption characteristic and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FBXVOTBTGXARNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth;trinitrate;pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Bi+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FBXVOTBTGXARNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- CJCPHQCRIACCIF-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;dioxido-oxo-selanylidene-$l^{6}-sulfane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=[Se] CJCPHQCRIACCIF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000032900 absorption of visible light Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002055 nanoplate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/057—Selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/0573—Selenium; Compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B01J35/39—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/031—Precipitation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
Abstract
The invention discloses a composite photocatalyst with full spectrum absorption characteristic, which comprises TiO2、g‑C3N4And Bi2Se3. The invention also discloses a preparation method thereof, firstly TiO2Dispersing the nano-sheet and dicyandiamide in ultrapure water by ultrasonic wave, stirring and heating until the water content is evaporated to dryness, and obtaining the productRoasting the product at high temperature to obtain TiO2@g‑C3N4Composite nanosheets; then preparing Bi by adopting a liquid phase deposition method or a solid phase sintering method2Se3And deposited in situ on TiO2@g‑C3N4And (4) obtaining a final product on the surface of the composite nanosheet. The composite photocatalyst material prepared by the method has excellent photocatalytic performance and good optical stability. Using g-C of different coating thicknesses3N4To improve TiO2And Bi2Se3The energy band of the active site is excessive, so that the absorption of visible light is promoted, and more active sites can be provided; and Bi2Se3The composite not only expands the absorption spectrum of the photocatalyst to a near infrared region, but also enhances the separation and transportation efficiency of photoproduction electrons and holes, and greatly improves the photocatalytic efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of photocatalysis, and particularly relates to a composite photocatalyst with a full-spectrum absorption characteristic and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Bi of graphene-like layered structure2Se3It is considered to be one of the most promising topological insulator materials due to its simple band structure, energy-blown-body band gap much larger than room temperature. The topological insulator is a novel quantum material state discovered in recent years, and has great application prospect in the aspects of energy-consumption-free transmission, spintronics, quantum computers and the like. The novel quantum surface state of the topological insulator can realize high-mobility non-dissipative electrical transmission, thereby creating a perfect conductive channel. Although of narrow band gap, Bi2Se3(0.3eV) TiO may be added2The spectrum absorption range of the light source is expanded to a near infrared regionThe overall photocatalytic performance is not significantly improved. This is because Bi2Se3Can not react with TiO2The band gap matching of the two-phase alternating current-direct current converter forms type II band edge connection, which is not beneficial to the separation and the transportation of photo-generated charges. Therefore, based on the band structure theory, this patent is in Bi2Se3With TiO2Is added with one g-C3N4And the band gap connecting layer is used as a matching transition between the two layers. g-C3N4As a visible light photocatalyst having excellent properties, not only has a suitable oxidation-reduction potential (CB: -0.52 eV; VB: 1.88eV), but also it reacts with Bi2Se3The Fermi level connection between the two can play a role in band edge reforming. In the multi-level composite heterostructure, each unit layer plays its own role and influences each other, g-C3N4Not only used as TiO2And Bi2Se3The band gap transition layer can be used as a sensitizing layer of visible light; and the topological insulator Bi2Se3Then as a near infrared absorption layer, the heterogeneous interface and topological surface state thereof promote the rapid separation and transportation of photo-generated charges.
Although the topological insulator Bi2Se3The related photocatalyst has been reported a little, but most cases do not add an energy band transition layer, let alone Bi is not considered2Se3The problem of matching with the substrate bonding, although increasing the light absorption problem, is not ideal for carrier transport efficiency, resulting in low overall photocatalytic efficiency. In addition, these processes generally involve organic solvents and harmful by-products, and in most cases the reaction processes are very difficult to control and the yields are also not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a composite photocatalyst which has excellent photocatalytic performance and excellent stability and has full spectrum absorption characteristics and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme is as follows: the composite photocatalyst with full-spectrum absorption characteristic comprises TiO2、g-C3N4And Bi2Se3(ii) a The TiO is2And Bi2Se3The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 100: 1-9; the g to C3N4In TiO2The thickness of the nano sheet surface coating is 1-5 nm.
The preparation method of the composite photocatalyst with the full-spectrum absorption characteristic comprises the following steps:
(1) adding TiO into the mixture2Dispersing the nano-sheets and dicyandiamide in ultrapure water by ultrasonic, stirring and heating until the water content is evaporated to dryness, and roasting the obtained product at high temperature to obtain TiO2@g-C3N4Composite nanosheets;
(2) preparation of Bi by using a liquid phase deposition method or a solid phase sintering method2Se3And deposited in situ on TiO2@g-C3N4And (4) obtaining a final product on the surface of the composite nanosheet.
Further, in the step (1), the high temperature is 530 ℃ and 580 ℃, and the roasting time is 2-3 h.
Further, in the step (2), the liquid phase deposition method comprises the following specific steps:
(11) firstly preparing bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, nitrilotriacetic acid and ascorbic acid into a bismuth chelating solution, and then preparing TiO2@g-C3N4Ultrasonically dispersing the composite nano-sheets therein;
(12) under the condition of stirring, taking a certain amount of ammonia water, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 9, and adding a sodium selenosulfate solution in a stoichiometric ratio;
(13) keeping the temperature of the solution at 55-85 ℃, and continuously stirring for 30-120min at the temperature;
(14) under the ultrasonic condition, respectively cleaning the solid precipitate for several times by using absolute ethyl alcohol and ultrapure water until the pH value is neutral;
(15) the washed product was placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried under vacuum.
Further, in the step (11), the mass ratio of the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate to the nitrilotriacetic acid to the ascorbic acid is 2:2: 1.
Further, in the step (15), the temperature of the vacuum drying is 70-80 ℃, and the drying time is 24-30 h.
Further, in the step (2), the solid-phase sintering method comprises the following specific steps:
(21) firstly TiO is added2@g-C3N4Uniformly dispersing the composite nano sheet, the nano selenium powder and the nano bismuth powder, and mechanically grinding;
(22) putting the ground mixed powder material into a corundum crucible, and putting the corundum crucible into a tubular furnace protected by inert gas;
(23) sintering at high temperature under the protection of inert gas, keeping the temperature at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
Further, in the step (21), the molar ratio of the nano selenium powder to the nano bismuth powder is 3: 2; the sum of the mass of the nano selenium powder and the nano bismuth powder is TiO2@g-C3N41-10% of the composite nano sheet.
Further, in the step (21), the grinding time is 30-120 min.
Further, in the step (23), the high temperature is 650-.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
1. the process flow is simple, complex equipment is not needed, the cost of raw materials is low, no pollution is caused to the environment, and the yield of the photocatalyst is gram-level;
2. the g-C can be controlled by adjusting the addition amount of dicyandiamide3N4The coating thickness of (a);
3. the invention innovatively utilizes g-C of different cladding thicknesses3N4To improve TiO2And Bi2Se3The energy band of the active site is excessive, so that the absorption of visible light is promoted, and more active sites can be provided;
4. and Bi2Se3The composite not only expands the absorption spectrum of the photocatalyst to a near infrared region, but also enhances the separation and transportation efficiency of photoproduction electrons and holes, and greatly improves the photocatalytic efficiency.
5. Can adjust Bi2Se3With TiO2The mass ratio of (a) to (b) optimizes photocatalytic performance.
6. Can be adjusted by adjusting g-C3N4The thickness of the coating layer is used for optimizing the photocatalytic performance, and the preparation method has certain universality;
7. the composite photocatalyst material prepared by the method has excellent photocatalytic performance and good optical stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of a nanocomposite prepared according to the embodiment 1 as a photocatalyst for 5 hours;
FIG. 2 shows the preparation of the nanocomposite as a photocatalyst according to the embodiment of example 1, and TiO used therein2TEM images of the nanoplates;
FIG. 3 is a TEM image of a nanocomposite prepared according to the scheme of example 1 as a photocatalyst;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the spectral absorption of the nanocomposite prepared according to the embodiment of example 1 as a photocatalyst.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
Example 1
Firstly, ultrasonically dispersing 1.0g of titanium dioxide nanosheet and 1.0g of dicyandiamide in 100ml of ultrapure water, continuously heating and stirring at 90 ℃ until the water is evaporated to dryness, placing the obtained mixed powder in a corundum boat, covering the corundum boat with a corundum cover, and then placing the corundum boat in an electric furnace for roasting at 550 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain TiO2@g-C3N4Composite nanosheets; then the obtained TiO is mixed2@g-C3N4The composite nano-sheet is ultrasonically dispersed in 100ml of bismuth chelate solution (containing 0.01 mol.l bismuth nitrate)-1) Adding ammonia water dropwise until pH is 9, and adding 0.1 mol/l-1Na of (2)2SeSO37ml of the solution, continuously stirring for 90min at the temperature of 75 ℃, obtaining a product in a centrifugal mode after the reaction is finished, and ultrasonically treating the product by using absolute ethyl alcohol and ultrapure waterWashing for several times until the pH value in the centrifugal washing liquid is neutral; finally, the obtained product was dried in a vacuum oven at 70 ℃ for 24 h. After the drying is finished, the TiO is obtained2@g-C3N4@Bi2Se3A composite photocatalyst material.
Example 2
Firstly, ultrasonically dispersing 1.0g of titanium dioxide nanosheet and 1.0g of dicyandiamide in 100ml of ultrapure water, continuously heating and stirring at 90 ℃ until the water is evaporated to dryness, placing the obtained mixed powder in a corundum boat, covering the corundum boat with a corundum cover, and then placing the corundum boat in an electric furnace for roasting at 550 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain TiO2@g-C3N4Composite nanosheets; then the obtained TiO is mixed2@g-C3N4The composite nano-sheet is ultrasonically dispersed in 100ml of bismuth chelate solution (containing 0.005 mol.l bismuth nitrate)-1) Adding ammonia water dropwise until pH is 9, and adding 0.1 mol/l-1Na of (2)2SeSO33.5ml of solution, continuously stirring for 90min at 75 ℃, obtaining a product in a centrifugal mode after the reaction is finished, and ultrasonically cleaning the product for several times by using absolute ethyl alcohol and ultrapure water until the pH value in the centrifugal cleaning solution is neutral; finally, the obtained product was dried in a vacuum oven at 70 ℃ for 24 h. After the drying is finished, the TiO is obtained2@g-C3N4@Bi2Se3A composite photocatalyst material.
According to the method of example 1, example 2 except that Bi2Se3With TiO2The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 3: 100, and in the preparation of example 1, Bi2Se3With TiO2The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 6: 100.
example 3
Firstly, ultrasonically dispersing 1.0g of titanium dioxide nanosheet and 0.5g of dicyandiamide in 100ml of ultrapure water, continuously heating and stirring at 90 ℃ until the water is evaporated to dryness, placing the obtained mixed powder in a corundum boat, covering the corundum boat with a corundum cover, and then placing the corundum boat in an electric furnace for roasting at 550 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain TiO2@g-C3N4Composite nanosheets; then the obtained TiO is mixed2@g-C3N4CompoundingThe nano-sheet is ultrasonically dispersed in 100ml of bismuth chelate solution (containing 0.01 mol.l bismuth nitrate)-1) Adding ammonia water dropwise until pH is 9, and adding 0.1 mol/l-1Na of (2)2SeSO37ml of the solution, continuously stirring for 90min at 75 ℃, obtaining a product in a centrifugal mode after the reaction is finished, and ultrasonically cleaning the product for a plurality of times by using absolute ethyl alcohol and ultrapure water until the pH value in the centrifugal cleaning solution is neutral; finally, the obtained product was dried in a vacuum oven at 70 ℃ for 24 h. After the drying is finished, the TiO is obtained2@g-C3N4@Bi2Se3A composite photocatalyst material.
According to the method of example 1, example 3 differs by g-C3N4In TiO2The coating thickness of the nanosheet surface layer is 3-5 nm, and in the preparation process of example 1, g-C3N4In TiO2The coating thickness of the nanosheet surface layer is 8-10 nm.
Example 4
Firstly, ultrasonically dispersing 1.0g of titanium dioxide nanosheet and 1.0g of dicyandiamide in 100ml of ultrapure water, continuously heating and stirring at 90 ℃ until the water is evaporated to dryness, placing the obtained mixed powder in a corundum boat, covering the corundum boat with a corundum cover, and then placing the corundum boat in an electric furnace for roasting at 550 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain TiO2@g-C3N4Composite nanosheets; then the obtained TiO is mixed2@g-C3N4The composite nano-sheet is ultrasonically dispersed in 100ml of bismuth chelate solution (containing 0.01 mol.l bismuth nitrate)-1) Adding ammonia water dropwise until pH is 9, and adding 0.1 mol/l-1Na of (2)2SeSO37ml of the solution, continuously stirring for 90min at 85 ℃, obtaining a product in a centrifugal mode after the reaction is finished, and ultrasonically cleaning the product for a plurality of times by using absolute ethyl alcohol and ultrapure water until the pH value in the centrifugal cleaning solution is neutral; finally, the obtained product was dried in a vacuum oven at 70 ℃ for 24 h. After the drying is finished, the TiO is obtained2@g-C3N4@Bi2Se3A composite photocatalyst material.
According to the method of example 1, example 4 except that Bi2Se3Is heavyProduct temperature 85 ℃ and in the preparation of example 1, Bi2Se3Deposition temperature of 75 ℃.
Example 5
Firstly, ultrasonically dispersing 1.0g of titanium dioxide nanosheet and 1.0g of dicyandiamide in 100ml of ultrapure water, continuously heating and stirring at 90 ℃ until the water is evaporated to dryness, placing the obtained mixed powder in a corundum boat, covering the corundum boat with a corundum cover, and then placing the corundum boat in an electric furnace for roasting at 550 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain TiO2@g-C3N4Composite nanosheets; then the obtained TiO is mixed2@g-C3N4And uniformly mixing the composite nano sheet for 24 hours, 0.053g of nano selenium powder and 0.209g of nano bismuth powder, continuously grinding for 30min, placing the obtained mixed powder in a tube furnace, and roasting at the high temperature of 650 ℃ for 15 hours under the protection of high-purity argon. After the roasting is finished, the TiO is obtained2@g-C3N4@Bi2Se3A composite photocatalyst material.
According to the method of example 1, example 5 except that Bi2Se3Is prepared by direct solid-phase sintering, and in the preparation process of example 1, Bi is2Se3Is prepared by liquid phase deposition.
Example 6
Firstly, ultrasonically dispersing 1.0g of titanium dioxide nanosheet and 1.0g of dicyandiamide in 100ml of ultrapure water, continuously heating and stirring at 90 ℃ until the water is evaporated to dryness, placing the obtained mixed powder in a corundum boat, covering the corundum boat with a corundum cover, and then placing the corundum boat in an electric furnace for roasting at 550 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain TiO2@g-C3N4Composite nanosheets; then the obtained TiO is mixed2@g-C3N4And uniformly mixing the composite nano-sheets for 24 hours, 0.053g of nano-selenium powder and 0.209g of nano-bismuth powder, continuously grinding for 30min, placing the obtained mixed powder in a tube furnace, and roasting at the high temperature of 650 ℃ for 24 hours under the protection of high-purity argon. After the roasting is finished, the TiO is obtained2@g-C3N4@Bi2Se3A composite photocatalyst material.
According to the method of example 5, example 6 except that Bi2Se3Has a sintering time of 24h, whereas in the preparation of example 5, Bi2Se3The sintering time of (2) was 15 h.
The method for testing the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance comprises the following specific steps:
the photocatalytic water splitting performance is tested on an on-line photocatalytic system of Beijing Powley Labsolar-III AG, the model of a light source is PLS-SXE300, and the light source is provided with an AM 1.5G light filter, and the intensity of the light filter is equivalent to one sunlight. Before testing, 5mg of photocatalyst is dispersed in a mixed solution containing 70ml of ultrapure water and 30ml of methanol, and ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 30min to ensure that the catalyst is uniformly dispersed, the distance between a light source and the liquid level is about 10cm, and the irradiation area is about 10cm2. The whole photocatalysis process is carried out at room temperature, and ethylene glycol cooling liquid (-5 ℃) is introduced in the whole process to eliminate the influence caused by the heat of the light source. The platinum is loaded on the surface of the catalyst by an in-situ light deposition method, namely, a certain amount of chloroplatinic acid solution (the mass ratio of the platinum to the catalyst is 3 percent) is added into the mixed solution. The carrier gas of the whole system is high-purity argon, and the flow rate is 6.0 ml/min-1And is calibrated by a Beijing seven-star CS200 type flow rate controller. After the photocatalyst generates hydrogen under illumination, the hydrogen is brought into a gas chromatograph by carrier gas after a certain time, and online qualitative and quantitative detection is carried out. The model of gas chromatography is GC9790, produced by Fuli Zhejiang, and the detector is a thermal conductivity cell
And (3) a molecular sieve.
The performance test result of the composite photocatalyst material is shown in figure 1 (example 1), and the figure clearly shows that the photocatalyst provided by the invention has excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production performance which reaches 45 mmol-g-1·h-1。
As shown in FIG. 4, via Bi2Se3Modified TiO2The absorption range of the light of the nano-sheet is expanded from an ultraviolet light waveband to a near-infrared waveband, and the nano-sheet completely has the characteristic of full-spectrum absorption.
Claims (10)
1. A composite photocatalyst with full-spectrum absorption characteristic is characterized by comprising TiO2、g-C3N4And Bi2Se3(ii) a The TiO is2And Bi2Se3The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 100: 1-9; the g to C3N4In TiO2The thickness of the nano sheet surface coating is 1-5 nm.
2. A method for preparing a composite photocatalyst having a full spectrum absorption characteristic as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) adding TiO into the mixture2Dispersing the nano-sheets and dicyandiamide in ultrapure water by ultrasonic, stirring and heating until the water content is evaporated to dryness, and roasting the obtained product at high temperature to obtain TiO2@g-C3N4Composite nanosheets;
(2) preparation of Bi by using a liquid phase deposition method or a solid phase sintering method2Se3And deposited in situ on TiO2@g-C3N4And (4) obtaining a final product on the surface of the composite nanosheet.
3. The method for preparing a composite photocatalyst having a full spectrum absorption characteristic as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the high temperature is 530 ℃ and 580 ℃, and the calcination time is 2-3 h.
4. The method for preparing a composite photocatalyst having a full spectrum absorption characteristic as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (2), the liquid deposition method comprises the following specific steps:
(11) firstly preparing bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, nitrilotriacetic acid and ascorbic acid into a bismuth chelating solution, and then preparing TiO2@g-C3N4Ultrasonically dispersing the composite nano-sheets therein;
(12) under the condition of stirring, taking a certain amount of ammonia water, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 9, and adding a sodium selenosulfate solution in a stoichiometric ratio;
(13) keeping the temperature of the solution at 55-85 ℃, and continuously stirring for 30-120min at the temperature;
(14) under the ultrasonic condition, respectively cleaning the solid precipitate for several times by using absolute ethyl alcohol and ultrapure water until the pH value is neutral;
(15) the washed product was placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried under vacuum.
5. The method for preparing a composite photocatalyst having a full spectrum absorption characteristic as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (11), the mass ratio of the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate to the nitrilotriacetic acid to the ascorbic acid is 2:2: 1.
6. The method for preparing a composite photocatalyst having a full spectrum absorption characteristic as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (15), the temperature for vacuum drying is 70-80 ℃ and the drying time is 24-30 h.
7. The method for preparing a composite photocatalyst having a full spectrum absorption characteristic as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (2), the solid phase sintering method comprises the following specific steps:
(21) firstly TiO is added2@g-C3N4Uniformly dispersing the composite nano sheet, the nano selenium powder and the nano bismuth powder, and mechanically grinding;
(22) putting the ground mixed powder material into a corundum crucible, and putting the corundum crucible into a tubular furnace protected by inert gas;
(23) sintering at high temperature under the protection of inert gas, keeping the temperature at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
8. The method for preparing a composite photocatalyst having a full spectrum absorption characteristic as claimed in claim 7, wherein in step (21), the molar ratio of the nano selenium powder to the nano bismuth powder is 3: 2; the sum of the mass of the nano selenium powder and the nano bismuth powder is TiO2@g-C3N41-10% of the composite nano sheet.
9. The method for preparing a composite photocatalyst having a full spectrum absorption characteristic as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the step (21), the grinding time is 30-120 min.
10. The method for preparing a composite photocatalyst having a full spectrum absorption characteristic as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the step (23), the high temperature is 650-950 ℃, the sintering time is 15-20h, and the holding time is 15-20 h.
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