CN113820398A - Polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging device and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging device and a polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging method. The device is based on a microwave thermoacoustic imaging technology, has the characteristics of high contrast, high resolution and no damage, utilizes the characteristics that the conductivity of an imaging medium is nonlinear and anisotropic, adopts pulse microwaves to excite tissues to generate ultrasonic signals to carry out nondestructive imaging in the thermoacoustic imaging process, observes the field amplitude and the change of direction information of the microwave thermoacoustic signals by a polarization regulation and control means, achieves the effect of visualizing the electromagnetic wave energy absorption polarization characteristic, is favorable for realizing the direct observation of the conductivity anisotropy by utilizing the microwave thermoacoustic imaging technology, and realizes the polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of microwave thermoacoustic imaging, and particularly relates to a polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging device and a polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging method.
Background
The microwave thermoacoustic technology is a new technology taking thermoacoustic effect as a basic principle in the eighties of the last century, and through the continuous and diligent development of the industry, the microwave thermoacoustic technology has a lot of applications in various fields and shows great prospects. At present, the technology is mainly applied to biomedical imaging, sample detection, novel material research and development and the like, wherein the most extensive application fields comprise microwave thermal therapy, microwave thermal imaging, microwave thermoacoustic communication and the like. The specific principle of microwave thermoacoustic imaging is as follows: when the pulse microwave excitation is used for radiating to a sample to be detected, microwave energy is absorbed due to the dielectric property of the sample to be detected, the microwave energy absorbed by the sample to be detected can cause the temperature of internal tissues of the sample to be detected to generate periodic change, the periodic change of the temperature of the tissues can cause the tissues to be periodically extruded with each other so as to generate sound waves, when the width of the pulse microwave excitation used by people is narrow enough, the sound waves generated by the mutual extrusion of the internal tissues of the sample to be detected can be in an ultrasonic frequency band, namely, ultrasonic waves are generated, and thus, the so-called thermoacoustic effect is achieved.
The microwave thermoacoustic imaging technology has more advantages than the prior imaging means because of the fundamental principle and the fundamental characteristics, and is a nondestructive and non-ionizing imaging technology with high penetration depth, high spatial resolution and time resolution. The ultrasonic transducer is used for detecting and collecting the thermoacoustic signals of all coordinate points of the two-dimensional plane, and the thermoacoustic signals of all positions in the whole imaging area can be obtained. The obtained thermoacoustic signals are amplified by an amplifier and then transmitted to a data acquisition system, and then image reconstruction and analysis are carried out on the obtained thermoacoustic signals through image reconstruction software in a computer, so that energy information carried by sample tissues can be obtained.
The change of amplitude and direction information of microwave thermoacoustic signals is observed by a polarization regulation and control means to achieve the effect of visualizing the electromagnetic wave energy absorption polarization characteristics, the main important factor is the electric conductivity mainly by means of the dielectric characteristics of sample tissues, the product of the quantity and the electric field intensity E in a medium is equal to the current density J, and the characteristics of the current density J are related to the material properties of an object. For isotropic media, conductivity is a scalar quantity; for anisotropic media, the conductivity is a tensor. In microwave thermoacoustic imaging, the dielectric properties of biological tissue, which characterize the ability of the tissue to absorb and couple electromagnetic energy, are important factors in studying the interaction between the organism and the electromagnetic field. In addition, the dielectric property of the biological tissue also contains abundant physiological information in the tissue, and has very important significance for biomedical research and application. In thermoacoustic imaging, where the electrical conductivity of biological tissue is nonlinear, anisotropic, the electrical conductivity is a tensor and its tensor matrix is considered to be a positive definite matrix, as defined by:
for thermoacoustic imaging techniques, generally only 2-D issues are considered, as follows:
according to Maxwell equation set and electromagnetic field theory, the following can be solved:
in the above formula
And
are respectively basis vectors, forThermoacoustic signals (TAS), typically have:
wherein Γ is the Gruenieisen parameter.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging device and the polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging method provided by the invention overcome the defect that when a small and complex-structure object is imaged by directly using the traditional microwave thermoacoustic imaging technology, some details are difficult to reconstruct accurately; the invention can not only carry out nondestructive imaging on the micro structure, but also provide an effective means for observing the field amplitude of the microwave field and the distribution of direction information, achieve the effect of visualizing the energy field of the electromagnetic wave, and is beneficial to realizing the direct observation of the polarization direction and the electric field intensity of the electromagnetic field in the microwave detection field.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging device comprises a microwave generator and a thermoacoustic signal acquisition and imaging device; the microwave generator comprises a microwave source and an antenna; the thermoacoustic signal acquisition and imaging device comprises an ultrasonic transducer, an amplifier, a data acquisition system, a computer and a polarization rotating device.
The microwave source is used for generating a microwave signal with a specific frequency; the antenna radiates microwave signals to the imaging sample, and the imaging sample is excited to absorb microwave energy to generate thermoacoustic signals; the ultrasonic transducer is used for receiving and collecting thermoacoustic signals; the amplifier amplifies the thermoacoustic signals; the data acquisition system is used for receiving and analyzing the amplified thermoacoustic signals and reconstructing a sample image through image reconstruction software of a computer; the polarization rotating device is used for changing the polarization direction of an electric field generated by the antenna to perform polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging.
The ultrasonic transducer is a linear ultrasonic probe, a phased array ultrasonic probe, a pulse echo type probe, a multi-element linear array ultrasonic detector, a convex ultrasonic probe or a multi-element annular array ultrasonic detector.
The working frequency of the microwave source is 0.001-300 GHz, the power is 1-1000 kW, the pulse width is 0.1-1000 ns, and the pulse repetition frequency is 1-1000 Hz.
The polarization rotation device comprises a mechanical rotation joint, a metamaterial and an electric control periodic structure.
The antenna is a patch antenna, a dipole antenna, a spiral antenna, a horn antenna, an open waveguide antenna or a dielectric filled antenna.
A polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging method comprising the steps of:
s1, connecting each element of the polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging device to preheat the microwave thermoacoustic;
s2, starting a microwave source, irradiating the microwave signal to the imaging sample through an antenna, and exciting to generate a thermoacoustic signal;
s3, acquiring thermoacoustic signals of the imaging sample through an ultrasonic transducer, amplifying the thermoacoustic signals through an amplifier, transmitting the thermoacoustic signals to a data acquisition system, and acquiring and storing the thermoacoustic signals in a computer;
s4, analyzing and processing the thermoacoustic signal through image reconstruction software of the computer, thereby obtaining a thermoacoustic image of the imaging sample;
s5, keeping the position of the imaging sample unchanged, and performing polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging by using the polarization direction of an electric field generated by a polarization rotating device rotating antenna;
s6, observing the change of the amplitude and direction information of the microwave thermoacoustic signals according to polarization rotation regulation to obtain microwave thermoacoustic images of each polarization direction, and superposing the microwave thermoacoustic images of each polarization direction to obtain polarized microwave thermoacoustic images, wherein the polarization directions can be reflected through color coding.
Compared with the prior art, the imaging device and the method have the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the ultrasonic wave is generated based on the excitation of the pulse microwave for imaging, and the ultrasonic wave imaging method is a non-invasive and non-ionizing imaging technology and has the capabilities of high resolution and real-time imaging of the ultrasonic wave;
(2) the invention observes the change of the amplitude and the direction information of the microwave thermoacoustic signal by a polarization regulation and control means, achieves the effect of visualizing the electromagnetic wave energy absorption polarization characteristic, is beneficial to realizing the direct observation of the conductivity anisotropy by utilizing the microwave thermoacoustic imaging technology, realizes the polarization microwave thermoacoustic imaging, and has wide application prospect in the fields of biomedicine and nondestructive detection;
(3) the invention can utilize the sensitivity difference of the material to the microwave polarization to carry out imaging test on the polarization direction of the microwave field, and is beneficial to the visual feedback of the microwave polarization regulation
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging device provided by the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging method provided by the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a model diagram of a "Mi" font model provided by the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a 0-degree overlay image corresponding to fig. 3 provided by the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a 45-degree overlay image corresponding to fig. 3 provided by the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a 90-degree overlay image corresponding to fig. 3 provided by the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a 135-degree overlay image corresponding to fig. 3 provided by the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a superimposed image of 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees corresponding to fig. 3 provided by the present invention.
Wherein: (1) a microwave source; (2) an antenna; (3) an ultrasonic transducer; (4) an amplifier; (5) a data acquisition system; (6) a computer; (7) a polarization rotating apparatus.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging device comprises a microwave generator and a thermoacoustic signal acquisition and imaging device; the microwave generator comprises a microwave source (1) and an antenna (2); the thermoacoustic signal acquisition and imaging device comprises an ultrasonic transducer (3), an amplifier (4), a data acquisition system (5), a computer (comprising image reconstruction software) (6) and a polarization rotating device (7);
the microwave source (1) is used for generating a microwave signal with a specific frequency; the antenna (2) irradiates microwave signals to an imaging area, so that an imaging sample is excited to generate thermoacoustic signals; the ultrasonic transducer (3) is used for receiving and collecting thermoacoustic signals generated by an imaging sample; the amplifier (4) amplifies the received thermoacoustic signals; the data acquisition system (5) is used for carrying out data processing analysis on the amplified thermoacoustic signals and carrying out image reconstruction on the imaging samples through image reconstruction software of the computer (6); the polarization rotating device (7) is used for changing the polarization direction of an electric field generated by the antenna to perform polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging.
The working principle of the thermoacoustic signal acquisition and imaging device in the embodiment of the invention is as follows: the microwave source (1) generates microwave signals, the microwave signals are transmitted to an imaging sample through the antenna (2), the conductivity of the imaging sample is nonlinear and anisotropic, so that the absorption of microwave energy by sample tissues has distribution difference, corresponding thermoacoustic signals are generated through the microwave thermoacoustic effect, the thermoacoustic signals reflect the characteristic of the absorption difference of the sample to the microwave when the electric field is in different polarization directions, the thermoacoustic signals emitted outwards by the imaging sample are received by the ultrasonic transducer (3), the thermoacoustic signals are amplified by the amplifier (4) and transmitted to the data acquisition system (5), the computer (6) analyzes the thermoacoustic signals generated after the imaging sample absorbs the irradiation of the antenna by using image reconstruction software, high-resolution and high-contrast images of the imaging sample are reconstructed, then the position of the imaging sample is kept unchanged, and the polarization direction of the electric field generated by the polarization rotating antenna of the polarization rotating device (7) is used for polarizing the microwave imaging And then observing the change of the amplitude and direction information of the microwave thermoacoustic signals according to polarization rotation regulation and control to obtain a microwave thermoacoustic image in each polarization direction. The polarized microwave thermoacoustic images can be obtained after the microwave thermoacoustic images in all the polarization directions are superposed, and the polarization directions can be reflected through color coding.
In the polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging apparatus based on the microwave thermoacoustic technology in this embodiment: the microwave source (1) provides microwaves which are excited to generate microwave thermoacoustic signals, the function generator and the pulse microwave generator are main components of the microwave source (1), the power frequency of the microwave source (1) is 0.001-300 GHz, the power is 1-1000 kW, the pulse width is 0.1-1000 ns, and the pulse repetition frequency is 1-1000 Hz; the antenna (2) is used for radiating microwave excitation signals outwards, wherein the antenna (2) can be selected from a patch antenna, a dipole antenna, a spiral antenna, a horn antenna, an open waveguide antenna, a dielectric filling antenna and the like, more uniform and more stable electromagnetic energy field distribution is achieved, and a uniform heating process of an imaging sample is achieved2The gain is 7 dB; in the embodiment, the imaging sample is placed in the optimal heating area with 3dB lobe energy distribution of the antenna (2) so as to ensure that the imaging sample can be uniformly heated; the ultrasonic transducer (3) can be selected from a linear ultrasonic probe, a pulse echo type probe, a phased array ultrasonic probe, a multi-element linear array ultrasonic detector, a convex ultrasonic probe, a multi-element annular array ultrasonic detector and the like, and in the example, the linear ultrasonic probe is preferably used for receiving and collecting the thermoacoustic signals of the imaging sample; the amplifier (4) is used for amplifying the thermoacoustic signals of the imaging sample so as to facilitate better receiving and image reconstruction of the imaging sample; the data acquisition system (5) is used for receiving thermoacoustic signals acquired by the ultrasonic transducer, the computer (6) is used for analyzing energy information contained in the thermoacoustic signals of the imaging sample and reconstructing high-resolution and high-contrast images, and the polarization rotating device (7) is formed by a mechanical rotating joint and a metamaterialAnd the electric control periodic structure is used for changing the polarization direction of an electric field generated by the antenna to perform polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging, and then observing the amplitude of a microwave thermoacoustic signal and the change of direction information according to polarization rotation regulation to obtain a microwave thermoacoustic image in each polarization direction. And finally, superposing the microwave thermoacoustic images according to each polarization direction to obtain the polarized microwave thermoacoustic images, wherein the polarization direction can be embodied by color coding.
Example 2:
corresponding to the apparatus in the above embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging method, including the following steps:
s1, connecting each element of the polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging device to preheat the microwave thermoacoustic;
s2, starting a microwave source, irradiating the microwave signal to the imaging sample through an antenna, and exciting to generate a thermoacoustic signal;
s3, acquiring thermoacoustic signals of the imaging sample through an ultrasonic transducer, amplifying the thermoacoustic signals through an amplifier, transmitting the thermoacoustic signals to a data acquisition system, and acquiring and storing the thermoacoustic signals in a computer;
and S4, analyzing and processing the thermoacoustic signals through image reconstruction software of the computer, thereby obtaining thermoacoustic images of the imaging samples.
S5, keeping the position of the imaging sample unchanged, and performing polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging by using the polarization direction of an electric field generated by a polarization rotating device rotating antenna;
s6, observing the change of the amplitude and direction information of the microwave thermoacoustic signal according to polarization rotation regulation and control to obtain a microwave thermoacoustic image of each polarization direction. The polarized microwave thermoacoustic images can be obtained after the microwave thermoacoustic images in all the polarization directions are superposed, and the polarization directions can be reflected through color coding.
Example 3:
in the embodiment, the device and the method are used for performing microwave thermoacoustic simulation imaging on a model in a shape of Chinese character 'mi'. The model is filled with edible soy sauce as a medium, the model parameter is that the length of a single cylinder is 3cm, the radius of the bottom surface of the cylinder is 1mm, imaging results of four different polarization angles are obtained through simulation, and polarized microwave thermoacoustic images can be obtained after the microwave thermoacoustic images in all polarization directions are superposed, as shown in figures 3-8, wherein figure 3 is a model diagram of the model in a shape like a Chinese character 'mi', and figures 4-8 correspond to images at 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees and the superposition of the four images respectively. From the results of thermoacoustic imaging, it can be found that for linearly polarized electromagnetic waves, the thermoacoustic signals generated for the object are: the amplitude of the signal generated when the direction of the electric field is consistent with the direction of the long axis of the object is the largest, and the amplitude of the signal generated when the direction of the electric field is vertical to the direction of the long axis of the object is the smallest.
Claims (6)
1. A polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging device is characterized by comprising a microwave generator and a thermoacoustic signal acquisition and imaging device; the microwave generator comprises a microwave source and an antenna; the thermoacoustic signal acquisition and imaging device comprises an ultrasonic transducer, an amplifier, a data acquisition system, a computer and a polarization rotating device;
the microwave source is used for generating a microwave signal with a specific frequency; the antenna irradiates microwave signals to an imaging area, so that an imaging sample is excited to generate thermoacoustic signals; the ultrasonic transducer is used for receiving and collecting thermoacoustic signals generated by an imaging sample; the amplifier amplifies the received thermoacoustic signals; the data acquisition system is used for carrying out data processing analysis on the amplified thermoacoustic signals and carrying out image reconstruction on an imaging sample through image reconstruction software of a computer; the polarization rotating device is used for changing the polarization direction of an electric field generated by the antenna to perform polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging.
2. A polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the polarization rotation device comprises a mechanical rotary joint, a metamaterial, and an electrically controlled periodic structure.
3. A polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasound transducer is a linear ultrasound probe, a convex ultrasound probe, a phased array ultrasound probe, a pulsed echo probe, a multi-linear array ultrasound probe or a multi-annular array ultrasound probe.
4. A polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the microwave source has a working frequency in the range of 0.001 to 300GHz, a power in the range of 1 to 1000kW, a pulse width in the range of 0.1 to 1000ns, and a pulse repetition frequency in the range of 1 to 1000 Hz.
5. A polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the antenna is a patch antenna, a dipole antenna, a helical antenna, a horn antenna, an open waveguide antenna, or a dielectric filled antenna.
6. A polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, connecting each element of the polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging device to preheat the microwave thermoacoustic;
s2, starting a microwave source, irradiating the microwave signal to the imaging sample through an antenna, and exciting to generate a thermoacoustic signal;
s3, acquiring thermoacoustic signals of the imaging sample through an ultrasonic transducer, amplifying the thermoacoustic signals through an amplifier, transmitting the thermoacoustic signals to a data acquisition system, and acquiring and storing the thermoacoustic signals in a computer;
s4, analyzing and processing the thermoacoustic signal through image reconstruction software of the computer, thereby obtaining a thermoacoustic image of the imaging sample;
s5, keeping the position of the imaging sample unchanged, and performing polarized microwave thermoacoustic imaging by using the polarization direction of an electric field generated by a polarization rotating device rotating antenna;
s6, observing the change of the amplitude and direction information of the microwave thermoacoustic signals according to polarization rotation regulation and control to obtain a microwave thermoacoustic image of each polarization direction; the polarized microwave thermoacoustic images can be obtained after the microwave thermoacoustic images in all the polarization directions are superposed, and the polarization directions can be reflected through color coding.
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