CN113806911B - Highway tunnel illumination lamp distribution parameter optimization method considering diffuse reflection of side wall - Google Patents
Highway tunnel illumination lamp distribution parameter optimization method considering diffuse reflection of side wall Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a highway tunnel lighting lamp distribution parameter optimization method considering diffuse reflection of side walls, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: step S1, determining road surface calculation areas, side wall calculation areas and lamp selection numbers, and dividing the road surface calculation areas and the side wall calculation areas according to grid forms; step S2, a space calculation coordinate system is established, and lamp distribution parameters are introduced; step S3, calculating the road surface horizontal illuminance of the direct light of the lamp to the calculation point of the road surface calculation area according to the light distribution data of the lamp; s4, calculating the side wall horizontal illuminance of the discrete unit of the side wall calculation area of the direct light of the lamp according to the light distribution data of the lamp; step S5, calculating the side wall reflection horizontal illumination generated by the reflected light of the discrete units at the calculation points based on diffuse reflection assumption; s6, calculating to obtain the total illuminance of the road surface; and S7, establishing a bilateral symmetry lamp distribution parameter mathematical optimization model, and solving and outputting the optimal lamp distribution parameters by using a particle swarm optimization method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a highway tunnel lighting lamp distribution parameter optimization method considering diffuse reflection of side walls.
Background
Along with the rapid development of highway tunnels in China, the importance of tunnel lighting systems is increasingly highlighted, and the design of tunnel lighting lamp distribution systems directly influences the driving safety of tunnels and the energy consumption of tunnel operation. However, although the specifications specify the lamp arrangement modes such as bilateral symmetry, bilateral staggering, central line lamp arrangement and the like, the lamp arrangement parameter selection corresponding to the lamp arrangement mode is not guided effectively, in actual engineering, the worker Cheng Shida performs parameter assumption according to experience to perform lamp arrangement design, so that problems such as excessive illumination and insufficient illumination easily occur in tunnel engineering, and along with development of a calculation theory and improvement of computer performance, it is gradually possible to establish a mathematical optimization model to perform automatic optimization solution on tunnel lamp arrangement parameters. The idea of optimizing the lamp distribution parameter mathematical model is to establish a lamp distribution parameter mathematical optimization model based on a reasonable space illuminance calculation method, and solve the model by adopting an optimization algorithm solver to optimize the lamp distribution parameter or the lighting lamp, so that the total lighting energy consumption is reduced as much as possible on the premise of compliance of a light environment.
Li Donglin A tunnel lamp distribution parameter optimization method based on the ant colony algorithm principle is provided, wherein the optimization parameters are lamp spacing, transverse angle, longitudinal angle and lamp distribution height, and the optimization targets are that the road brightness reaches the standard value. The flow preliminarily realizes the solution of the lamp distribution parameters, however, the following problems mainly exist: (1) The optimization parameters do not contain lamp power, so that the power type selection and dimming design of the lamp cannot be guided; (2) The optimization target is only road brightness, and the indexes such as road uniformity indexes, side wall light environment indexes, flicker frequency and the like are not constrained, so that the provided optimization scheme lacks application value; (3) In the tunnel space illuminance calculation, consideration of tunnel geometry is lacking, and the incremental effect of side wall light reflection on road illuminance is not considered.
Huang Chuanmao and Yang Chaojian set up a tunnel middle section lamp distribution parameter optimization model corresponding to lamp distribution modes such as bilateral staggering, bilateral symmetry and central line lamp distribution, and the model takes the total lighting power of the middle section as an optimization target. Although the relation between the safety limit and the energy-saving optimization is established, the limit of the model to the light environment index only considers the road surface, and the constraint of the tunnel illumination specification to the side light environment in China is not considered; secondly, the effect of sidewall reflection is not yet considered in the calculation of the road illuminance; and finally, the number of the considered lamps is small, and the lamp is not suitable for the working condition of continuous lamp distribution.
The application scene of the optimization model is promoted to the transition section and the entrance section by the Shouyu, and the model is solved by adopting a genetic algorithm, but the limitation on the light environment index in the mathematical optimization problem of the tunnel lamp distribution parameters is not considered.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a highway tunnel lighting lamp distribution parameter optimization method considering diffuse reflection of side walls, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: step S1, determining a pavement calculation area, a side wall calculation area and the number of lamp selections, and dividing the pavement calculation area and the side wall calculation area according to a grid form to obtain n in the pavement calculation area 0 M in each calculation point and side wall calculation region 0 A plurality of discrete units; step S2, a space calculation coordinate system is established, and lamp distribution parameters are introduced; step S3, calculating the road surface horizontal illuminance E of the direct light of the lamp to the calculation point according to the light distribution data of the lamp s_r The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step S4, calculating the side wall horizontal illuminance E of the direct light of the lamp to the discrete units according to the light distribution data of the lamp w_k The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step S5, based on diffuse reflection assumption, according to the horizontal illuminance E w_k Calculating the side wall reflection horizontal illumination E generated by the reflection light of the discrete units at the calculation point f_r The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step S6, passing the road surface horizontal illuminance E s_r And side wall reflection horizontal illuminance E f_r Calculating to obtain the total illuminance E of the road surface r The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the S7, establishing a bilateral symmetry lamp distribution parameter mathematical optimization model through the total illuminance E of the pavement r And solving and outputting optimal lamp distribution parameters by using a particle swarm optimization method.
The road tunnel lighting lamp distribution parameter optimization method considering the diffuse reflection of the side wall provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that the road tunnel lighting lamp distribution parameter optimization method considering the diffuse reflection of the side wall can also have the technical characteristics that the road surface horizontal illuminance E s_r The specific expression of (2) is:
wherein E is r_1i Calculating a single luminaire L in the left side of the area for a road surface 1i Horizontal illuminance E 'generated by direct irradiation at a certain calculation point r of a road surface calculation region' r_1i Calculating a single luminaire L 'in the left side of the area for a road surface' 1i A horizontal illuminance E generated directly at a certain calculation point r of the road surface calculation region r_2j Calculating a single luminaire L in the right side of the area for a road surface 2j In the road surface calculation areaHorizontal illuminance E 'generated by direct irradiation at a certain calculation point r' r_2j Calculating a single luminaire L 'in the right side of the area for the road surface' 2j Horizontal illuminance, n, generated by direct irradiation at a certain calculation point r in a road surface calculation region 1 The number of lamps participating in illumination calculation for the left side of the pavement calculation area, n 2 The number of luminaires participating in the illuminance calculation for the right side of the road surface calculation area.
The highway tunnel lighting lamp distribution parameter optimization method considering the diffuse reflection of the side wall provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that the side wall horizontal illuminance E w_k The specific expression of (2) is:
wherein E is k_1i For a single lamp L 1i Some discrete unit Q in the sidewall calculation region k Horizontal illuminance, E, produced by direct incidence at center point k k_2j For a single lamp L 2j Some discrete unit Q in the sidewall calculation region k Horizontal illuminance, E 'produced by direct incidence at center point k' k_1i For a single lamp L' 1i Some discrete unit Q in the sidewall calculation region k Horizontal illuminance, E 'produced by direct incidence at center point k' k_2j For a single lamp L' 2j Some discrete unit Q in the sidewall calculation region k The center point k of (a) is the horizontal illuminance generated directly.
The highway tunnel lighting lamp distribution parameter optimization method considering the diffuse reflection of the side wall can also have the technical characteristics that the side wall reflection horizontal illuminance E f_r The specific expression of (2) is:
wherein, l is the number of sidewall light sources selected on the left and right sides of the sidewall calculation region,
E r_τ calculate the sidewall light source W in the area for the sidewall τ The sum of horizontal illumination generated by all the discrete units in the road surface calculation area at a certain calculation point r is expressed as follows:
wherein x is τk Is a side wall light source W τ Within a discrete unit Q k Coordinates of the center point k of (2) on the x-axis, z τk Is a side wall light source W τ Within a discrete unit Q k Coordinates of the center point k of (d) in the z-axis 1 Is the spacing between the lateral side walls at two sides,
E' r_τ calculate the sidewall light source W in the area for the sidewall τ Corresponding other side W' τ The sum of horizontal illumination generated by all the discrete units in the road surface calculation area at a certain calculation point r is expressed as follows:
wherein x 'is' τk Is a side wall light source W' τ Within a discrete unit Q' k The coordinates of the center point k 'on the x-axis, z' τk Is a side wall light source W' τ Within a discrete unit Q' k The coordinates of the center point k' in the z-axis.
The road tunnel lighting lamp distribution parameter optimization method considering the diffuse reflection of the side wall provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that under the assumption of diffuse reflection, the total illuminance E of the road surface r For the horizontal illuminance E of the road surface s_r And side wall reflection level E f_r And (3) summing.
The highway tunnel lighting lamp distribution parameter optimization method considering the diffuse reflection of the side wall can also have the technical characteristics that the two-side symmetrical lamp distribution parameter mathematical optimization model comprises constraint conditions and target optimization functions,
the objective optimization function is:
the constraint conditions are as follows:
E av ≥E 0
v/s＜2.5 or v/s＞15
h min ＜h＜h max
wherein P is single lamp power, h is mounting height, ζ is mounting elevation angle, s is longitudinal spacing of the lamps, d is transverse spacing of the lamps, E av For average illuminance of road surface E 0 For minimum average road surface illumination under the corresponding design speed and traffic flow of the basic illumination section of the tunnel in the specification, U 0 For minimum road surface uniformity specified by specification, U 1 For the minimum road centerline longitudinal uniformity specified by the specification, v is the speed of travel in the tunnel,for the average brightness of all discrete cells within the sidewall 2m height range, I w_min For minimum brightness in the height range of 2m of the side wall, I 0 Minimum average luminance in the sidewall 2m high range specified for specification, R 0 For the radius of the inner surface of the tunnel, U 2 For minimum brightness uniformity in sidewall 2m high range, u min For minimum installation distance of lamp and tunnel inner surface, u max For the maximum installation distance of the lamp and the inner surface of the tunnel, h 0 The height of the straight wall which is the side wall is h 1 Is the vertical distance of the lower edge of the sidewall from the road surface.
The actions and effects of the invention
According to the road tunnel lighting lamp distribution parameter optimization method considering the diffuse reflection of the side wall, a road surface calculation area and the side wall calculation area are divided into a plurality of calculation points and discrete units, the road surface horizontal illuminance of direct light of a lamp to the calculation points is calculated firstly, then the side wall reflection horizontal illuminance is calculated based on the diffuse reflection assumption of the side wall, and finally the road surface total illuminance is calculated. Compared with the tunnel field test verification, the calculation which only considers the direct light of the road surface is closer to the actually measured illuminance data result, and the optimized lamp distribution scheme has better energy conservation.
Secondly, the limiting conditions of the mathematical optimization model of the bilateral symmetry light distribution parameters in the invention comprise a series of side wall light environment index limits such as average brightness, minimum brightness uniformity, maximum mounting distance between the lamp and the inner surface of the tunnel and the like in the height range of the side wall 2m, and all light environment limit indexes of the middle section illumination by a series of traditional tunnel illumination specifications of China such as road surface average illumination, total uniformity, longitudinal center line uniformity of the lane and the like, so that the driving safety of the optimized light environment space is effectively ensured.
Finally, the invention constructs a bilateral symmetry lamp distribution parameter mathematical optimization model, adopts a particle swarm optimization method, then inputs the lamp distribution parameters into the bilateral symmetry lamp distribution parameter mathematical optimization model, realizes the automatic optimization of the lamp distribution parameters such as single lamp power, lamp distribution parameters, transverse interval, longitudinal interval, installation elevation angle and the like, outputs the optimal lamp distribution parameters, introduces an optimization idea for the design problem of the lamp distribution parameters, realizes the automation of lamp distribution parameter searching, and can better meet the requirements of illumination safety and energy saving.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for optimizing parameters of a highway tunnel lighting layout considering diffuse reflection of side walls in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a grid-form division of a road surface calculation region in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a grid-like division of a sidewall calculation region in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a two-sided symmetrical layout calculation in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, creation characteristics, achievement purposes and effects of the invention easy to understand, the following describes a road tunnel lighting lamp distribution parameter optimization method considering diffuse reflection of side walls in combination with the embodiments and the drawings.
< example >
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for optimizing parameters of a highway tunnel lighting layout by considering diffuse reflection of side walls in an embodiment of the present invention.
Step S1, determining the road surface calculation area, the side wall calculation area and the lamp selection number, dividing the road surface calculation area and the side wall calculation area according to a grid form, and obtaining n in the road surface calculation area 0 M in each calculation point and side wall calculation region 0 Discrete units.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a road surface calculation region grid form division in an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a side wall calculation region grid form division in an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the road surface calculation region and the side wall calculation region are divided in a grid form to obtain n in the obtained road surface calculation region 0 M in each calculation point and side wall calculation region 0 Discrete units.
Step S2, a space calculation coordinate system is established, and lamp distribution parameters are introduced, wherein the lamp distribution parameters comprise single lamp power P, mounting height h, mounting elevation angle xi, lamp distribution longitudinal distance S and transverse lamp distribution distance d.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a two-sided symmetrical layout calculation in an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 4, L 11 …L 1i 、L 21 …L 2j 、L' 11 …L' 1j 、L' 21 …L' 2j The lamps (i is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 15, j is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 15) selected for arranging the lamps are of the same type, and the lamps at the two sides have the same single lamp power P, the installation height h and the installation elevation angle xi in a two-side symmetrical lamp arranging mode.
Firstly, a space calculation coordinate system is established, the central longitudinal direction of the road surface is taken as the X-axis direction, the transverse direction of the lane is taken as the Y-axis direction, and the normal direction of the road surface is taken as the Z-axis direction. Simultaneously setting parameters: s is the longitudinal distance between the cloth lamps, d is the transverse distance between the cloth lamps, d 0 For road width d 1 Is the distance between the lateral side walls, h 0 Is the height of the side wall straight wall, h 1 Is the vertical distance of the lower edge of the sidewall from the road surface. Lamp L 11 、L 21 、L' 11 、L' 21 The projections on the road surface are respectively point A 11 、A 21 、A' 11 、A' 21 Straight line A 11 A' 11 Intersecting with the lane edge B 1 、B' 1 Straight line A 21 A' 21 Intersecting with the lane edge B 2 、B' 2 . Rectangular region B 1 B' 1 B 2 B' 2 Forming a road surface illuminance calculation area, dividing the road surface calculation area into n in a grid form 0 And calculating points. In B way 1 B' 1 B 2 B' 2 A space rectangular coordinate system is established by taking the central point O of the (X) as the origin, and the set point r (x r ,y r 0) is any calculation point of the road surface calculation area.
Then cross straight line B 1 B' 1 Working face B 1 B' 1 C 11 Perpendicular to the road surface and the side wall, a surface B is arranged 1 B' 1 C 11 The intersection points of the upper edge and the lower edge of the side wall opposite to the Y axis are C respectively 11 、D 11 Face A 21 A' 21 B 2 B' 2 The intersection points of the upper edge and the lower edge of the side wall opposite to the Y axis are C respectively 21 、D 21 In plane C 21 D 21 D 11 C 11 Rectangular region D is taken 11 E 1 E 2 D 21 Satisfy D 11 E 1 ＝2m，D 21 E 2 =2m. Taking into account spatial symmetry, rectangular region C 11 C 21 D 21 D 11 For the side wall surface reflected light calculation area, the area is gridded, each grid is regarded as a discrete reflection unit, and the total m is 0 The kth discrete unit Q with the sidewall calculation region k Is (x) k ,-d 1 /2,z k ) Wherein k is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to m 0 . Rectangle D 11 E 1 E 2 D 21 For calculating and evaluating the light environment index in the high range of the side wall 2m.
Finally, in the aspect of lamp selection, judging the positions of the lamp and a calculation point by means of the longitudinal beam spread angle of the lamp, wherein the calculation point is in the maximum longitudinal radiation range of the lamp, and the influence of the lamp on the road surface illuminance is included; meanwhile, in order to ensure the calculation efficiency, the calculation influence of 15 groups of lamps on both sides of the calculation point is set to be considered at most.
Step S3, calculating the road surface horizontal illuminance E of the direct light of the lamp to the calculation point according to the light distribution data of the lamp s_r 。
All lamps are positioned at the road surface calculation point r (x r ,y r 0) road surface horizontal illuminance E produced by direct irradiation s_r Can be expressed as:
in E r_1i 、E r_2j 、E' r_1i 、E' r_2j Respectively a single lamp L 1i 、L' 1i 、L 2j 、L' 2j The horizontal illumination generated by direct irradiation at the point r;for the sum of the horizontal illuminance produced by all lamps which can be directed to the calculation point r on the left side of the calculation area, +.>For the sum of the horizontal illumination generated by all lamps which can be directly projected to the calculation point r on the right side of the calculation area, n 1 The number of lamps participating in illumination calculation for the left side of the pavement calculation area, n 2 The number of luminaires participating in the illuminance calculation for the right side of the road surface calculation area.
In this embodiment, for selecting the number of lamps involved in calculation, n 1 、n 2 I and j are the maximum values which can be taken in the defined range and are not more than 15 at maximum, so i and j need to satisfy:
x r + (i-0.5) s.ltoreq.h.tan (. Alpha./2)/cos ζ (1.ltoreq.i.ltoreq.15 and i.epsilon.Z)
(j-0.5)s-x r H.tan (alpha/2)/cos ζ (i is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 15 and i is E Z)
Wherein alpha is the longitudinal beam diffusion angle of the lamp; x is x r And + (i-0.5) s is the lamp L at the left side of the road surface calculation area 1i ,L' 1i Longitudinal distance from road surface calculation point r; (j-0.5) s is the lamp L on the right side of the road surface calculation region 2i ,L' 2i Longitudinal distance from road surface calculation point r; h.tan (alpha/2)/cos xi is the furthest distance the lamp can directly irradiate in the longitudinal direction of the road surface.
The direct illuminance produced by a single luminaire at the road surface calculation point r can be expressed as:
step S4, calculating the side wall horizontal illuminance E of the direct light of the lamp to the discrete units according to the light distribution data of the lamp w_k 。
When calculating the direct illumination of the lamps in the side wall calculation area, the number of lamps participating in calculation is consistent with that of the road surface calculation area, and all lamps are discrete units Q in the side wall calculation area k Side wall horizontal illuminance E produced by direct irradiation w_k The specific expression is:
wherein E is k_1i For a single lamp L 1i Some discrete unit Q in the sidewall calculation region k Horizontal illuminance, E, produced by direct irradiation at center point k of (E) k_2j For a single lamp L 2j Some discrete unit Q in the sidewall calculation region k Horizontal illuminance, E 'produced by direct irradiation at center point k of (C)' k_1i For a single lamp L' 1i Some discrete unit Q in the sidewall calculation region k Horizontal illuminance, E 'produced by direct irradiation at center point k of (C)' k_2j For a single lamp L' 2j Some discrete unit Q in the sidewall calculation region k The center point k of (2) is perpendicular to the horizontal illuminance produced.
Discrete unit Q for calculating area of single lamp on side wall k The direct illuminance produced by the center point k of (2) can be expressed as:
step S5, based on diffuse reflection assumption, according to the horizontal illuminance E w_k Calculating the side wall reflection level illumination E generated by the reflection light of the discrete units at the calculation point f_r 。
Discrete unit Q on the premise that the sidewall material satisfies the diffuse reflection characteristic k The center point k point coordinates of (x) k ,-d 1 /2,z k ) Is of the brightness L of (2) k Light intensity value I of discrete unit in normal direction k Respectively, can be expressed as:
I k ＝L k ·S k ·C
wherein ρ is w Is the diffuse reflection coefficient of the side wall material; s is S k As discrete unit Q k Is a part of the area of (2); c is a sidewall maintenance factor.
The average brightness over the high range of sidewall 2m can therefore be expressed as:
in the method, in the process of the invention,for the average brightness, m, of all calculated points within the height range of the side wall 2m 1 The number of discrete units of area is calculated for the sidewall.
The minimum brightness in the high range of sidewall 2m can be expressed as:
sidewall calculation region C receiving direct light from luminaire 11 C 21 D 21 D 11 The light source is an independent side wall light source, and the side wall units between every two adjacent lamp intervals of the basic lighting section of the tunnel can be regarded as a rectangular area C as the symmetry of the two sides of the tunnel 11 C 21 D 21 D 11 Equivalent light sources, which together subtend the road surface calculation region B 1 B' 1 B 2 B' 2 Generating a horizontal illuminance.
For the selection of the number of the side wall light sources participating in the calculation of the road surface illuminance, at C 11 C 21 D 21 D 11 The left and right side walls of the side wall are respectively provided with 10 height h 0 Side wall light source with length s, C 11 C 21 D 21 D 11 The opposite side wall is similarly made. The road surface illuminance was calculated by taking 42 sidewall light sources in total in space.
Record C 11 C 21 D 21 D 11 The light source of any side wall of the side wall participating in calculation is W τ (1. Ltoreq.τ.ltoreq.21) and a sidewall calculation region C 11 C 21 D 21 D 11 Corresponding to W 11 . Let W be τ Upper kth discrete unit Q τk Is (x) τk ,-d 1 /2,z τk ) Each side wall light source W τ And C 11 C 21 D 21 D 11 The sidewall light source participating in calculation with any of the opposite sidewalls is W' τ ，W' τ Upper kth discrete unit Q' τk Is (x' τk ,-d 1 /2,z' τk )。
From symmetry, any one W τ 、W' τ The last one having the same intensity distribution, i.e. any one W τ The kth discrete unit Q on τk The light intensity values of (2) are I k . Thus, the horizontal illuminance generated by all the sidewall light sources at the road surface calculation region r point due to sidewall reflection can be expressed as:
wherein E is r_τ Is a side wall light source W τ The sum of the horizontal illumination generated by all the discrete units in the road surface calculation region at a certain calculation point r, E' r_τ Is a side wall light source W' τ The sum of the horizontal illumination generated by all the discrete units in the road surface calculation region at a certain calculation point r.
Step S6, passing the road surface horizontal illuminance E s_r And side wall reflection horizontal illuminance E f_r Calculating to obtain the total illuminance E of the road surface r 。
Total road surface illuminance E r The method comprises the following steps:
E r ＝E s_r +E f_r ，
thus, the average illuminance E of the road surface calculation region r_av Can be expressed as:
the illuminance minimum of the road surface calculation region can be expressed as:
the illuminance minimum value of the center line of the left and right lanes of the road surface can be expressed as:
E c_min ＝{E s_r +E f_r } min (x r ∈[-s/2,s/2],y∈[-d/2,d/2])
the maximum value of the illuminance at the center line of the left and right lanes of the road surface can be expressed as:
E c_max ＝{E s_r +E f_r } max (x r ∈[-s/2,s/2],y∈[-d/2,d/2])
s7, establishing a bilateral symmetry lamp distribution parameter mathematical optimization model, and passing through the road surface total illuminance E r And solving and outputting the optimal lamp distribution parameters by using a particle swarm optimization method.
Based on the space illuminance calculation in the bilateral symmetry light distribution mode, a light distribution parameter mathematical optimization model in the bilateral symmetry light distribution mode of the tunnel basic lighting section is established.
The objective optimization function is:
the constraint conditions are as follows:
E av ≥E 0
v/s＜2.5 or v/s＞15
h min ＜h＜h max
wherein P is single lamp power, h is mounting height, ζ is mounting elevation angle, s is longitudinal spacing of the lamps, d is transverse spacing of the lamps, E av For average illuminance of road surface E 0 For minimum average road surface illumination under the corresponding design speed and traffic flow of the basic illumination section of the tunnel in the specification, U 0 For minimum road surface uniformity specified by specification, U 1 For the minimum road centerline longitudinal uniformity specified by the specification, v is the speed of travel in the tunnel,for the average brightness of all discrete cells within the sidewall 2m height range, I w_min For minimum brightness in the height range of 2m of the side wall, I 0 Minimum average luminance in the sidewall 2m high range specified for specification, R 0 For the radius of the inner surface of the tunnel, U 2 For minimum brightness uniformity in sidewall 2m high range, u min For minimum installation distance of lamp and tunnel inner surface, u max For the maximum installation distance of the lamp and the inner surface of the tunnel, h 0 The height of the straight wall which is the side wall is h 1 Is the vertical distance of the lower edge of the sidewall from the road surface.
The particle swarm optimization method in this embodiment adopts a particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO, particle swarm optimization), and specifically comprises the following steps:
the first step, initializing a particle swarm, and randomly generating the positions and the speeds of all particles;
step two, calculating the fitness value of each particle, and determining the individual extremum and the population extremum of the current particle group;
thirdly, comparing the fitness value of each particle with the individual extremum of the particle, and taking the fitness value of the particle as the individual extremum if the fitness value is better than the current individual extremum;
fourth, comparing the fitness value of each particle with the population extremum of the whole particle group, and taking the fitness value of each particle as the population extremum if the fitness value is better than the current population extremum;
fifthly, updating the speed and the position of the particles;
sixth, judging whether the termination condition is met, if not, returning to the third step; otherwise, the algorithm is exited, and the optimal solution is output.
After the mathematical optimization model of the bilateral symmetry light distribution parameters is built, the light distribution parameters are input into the model, automatic optimization of the light distribution parameters such as single light power, light distribution parameters, transverse spacing, longitudinal spacing, installation elevation angle and the like is carried out, and finally the optimal light distribution parameters are output.
In this embodiment, specifically taking a Hangzhou city Boao tunnel field test as an example, indexes such as average illuminance, total uniformity, central line longitudinal total uniformity and the like of an actual pavement calculation area are measured first, then compared with results obtained according to the theoretical calculation method, the calculation accuracy of the average illuminance of the pavement by a numerical calculation method in a standard is verified to be improved compared with the model, and finally the result finds that an illuminance calculation method (a relative error range is 4.7% -11%) considering diffuse reflection of a side wall is adopted to be more approximate to actual measurement data than an existing standard calculation method (a relative error range is 12.8% -21.6%).
Secondly, firstly, obtaining light distribution parameters, engineering parameters and light distribution information of lamps by a particle swarm optimization method, modeling in a DIAlux simulation environment, calculating light environment indexes such as average brightness, uniformity, road surface average illuminance, total uniformity, longitudinal center line uniformity of a lane, flicker frequency of the lamps and the like in a high range of a side wall 2m, and comparing the light environment indexes with a standard requirement value, wherein the result shows that the simulation values of the light environment indexes are slightly larger than the optimization value and meet the requirement of the lighting standard, the error of the road surface illuminance/brightness indexes is within 3%, and the error of the side wall illuminance/brightness indexes is about 10%. Therefore, the correctness of the space illuminance calculation model established by the method and the lamp distribution parameters obtained by optimization is proved.
Finally, the conclusion can be obtained by comparing the actual lamp arrangement scheme of the Boao project with the lamp arrangement scheme optimized by adopting the method. If the lamp series are ensured to be unchanged, the lamp is optimized only through the lamp distribution parameters, and compared with the original scheme, the optimized bilateral symmetry lamp distribution scheme can save 28.63 percent, and the illumination energy consumption is obviously reduced.
Example operation and Effect
According to the road tunnel lighting lamp distribution parameter optimization method considering diffuse reflection of the side wall, a road surface calculation area and the side wall calculation area are divided into a plurality of calculation points and discrete units, the road surface horizontal illuminance of direct light of a lamp to the calculation points is calculated firstly, then the side wall reflection horizontal illuminance is calculated based on the assumption of diffuse reflection of the side wall, and finally the road surface total illuminance is calculated. Compared with the tunnel field test verification, the calculation which only considers the direct light of the road surface is closer to the actually measured illuminance data result, and the optimized lamp distribution scheme has better energy conservation.
Secondly, the limiting conditions of the mathematical optimization model of the bilateral symmetry light distribution parameters in the invention comprise a series of side wall light environment index limits such as average brightness, minimum brightness uniformity, maximum mounting distance between the lamp and the inner surface of the tunnel and the like in the height range of the side wall 2m, and all light environment limit indexes of the middle section illumination by a series of traditional tunnel illumination specifications of China such as road surface average illumination, total uniformity, longitudinal center line uniformity of the lane and the like, so that the driving safety of the optimized light environment space is effectively ensured.
Finally, the invention constructs a bilateral symmetry lamp distribution parameter mathematical optimization model, adopts a particle swarm optimization method, then inputs the lamp distribution parameters into the bilateral symmetry lamp distribution parameter mathematical optimization model, realizes the automatic optimization of the lamp distribution parameters such as single lamp power, lamp distribution parameters, transverse interval, longitudinal interval, installation elevation angle and the like, outputs the optimal lamp distribution parameters, introduces an optimization idea for the design problem of the lamp distribution parameters, realizes the automation of lamp distribution parameter searching, and can better meet the requirements of illumination safety and energy saving.
The above examples are only for illustrating the specific embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the description scope of the above examples.
Claims (6)
1. The highway tunnel lighting lamp distribution parameter optimization method considering side wall diffuse reflection is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1, determining a pavement calculation area, a side wall calculation area and the number of lamp selections, dividing the pavement calculation area and the side wall calculation area according to a grid form to obtain n in the pavement calculation area 0 A number of calculation points and m in the side wall calculation region 0 A plurality of discrete units;
step S2, a space calculation coordinate system is established, and lamp distribution parameters are introduced;
step S3, calculating the road surface horizontal illuminance E of the direct light of the lamp to the calculation point according to the light distribution data of the lamp s_r ；
Step S4, calculating the side wall horizontal illuminance E of the direct light of the lamp to the discrete units according to the light distribution data of the lamp w_k ；
Step S5, based on diffuse reflection assumption, according to the horizontal illuminance E w_k Calculating the side wall reflection level illumination E generated by the reflection light of the discrete units at the calculation point f_r ；
Step S6, through the road surface horizontal illuminance E s_r And the side wall reflection level illuminance E f_r Calculating to obtain the total illuminance E of the road surface r ；
S7, establishing a bilateral symmetry lamp distribution parameter mathematical optimization model, and passing through the road surface total illuminance E r And solving and outputting the optimal lamp distribution parameters by using a particle swarm optimization method.
2. The method for optimizing road tunnel lighting lamp layout parameters in consideration of diffuse reflection of side walls according to claim 1, wherein,
wherein the road surface horizontal illuminance E s_r The specific expression of (2) is:
wherein E is r_1i Calculating for said road surfaceSingle luminaire L in the left side of the area 1i A horizontal illuminance E 'generated directly at a certain calculation point r of the road surface calculation region' r_1i Calculating the single luminaire L 'in the left side of the area for the road surface' 1i A horizontal illuminance E directly generated at a certain calculation point r of the road surface calculation region r_2j Calculating the single luminaire L in the right side of the area for the road surface 2j A horizontal illuminance E 'generated directly at a certain calculation point r of the road surface calculation region' r_2j Calculating the single luminaire L 'in the right side of the area for the road surface' 2j A horizontal illuminance, n, generated directly at a certain calculation point r of the road surface calculation region 1 Calculating the number of lamps participating in illumination calculation on the left side of the area for the pavement, n 2 And calculating the number of the lamps participating in illumination calculation for the right side of the area of the pavement.
3. A method for optimizing parameters of a highway tunnel lighting fixture taking into account diffuse reflection of a sidewall as defined in claim 1,
wherein the side wall level illuminance E w_k The specific expression of (2) is:
wherein E is k_1i For the single luminaire L 1i At a certain one of the discrete units Q of the sidewall calculation region k Horizontal illuminance, E, produced by direct incidence at center point k k_2j For the single luminaire L 2j At a certain one of the discrete units Q of the sidewall calculation region k Horizontal illuminance, E 'produced by direct incidence at center point k' k_1i For the single luminaire L' 1i At a certain one of the discrete units Q of the sidewall calculation region k Horizontal illuminance, E 'produced by direct incidence at center point k' k_2j For the single luminaire L' 2j At a certain one of the discrete units Q of the sidewall calculation region k Is generated by direct incidence of the center point k of (2)Illuminance.
4. The method for optimizing road tunnel lighting lamp layout parameters in consideration of diffuse reflection of side walls according to claim 1, wherein,
wherein the side wall reflects horizontal illuminance E f_r The specific expression of (2) is:
wherein, l is the number of sidewall light sources selected from the left and right sides of the sidewall calculation region,
the E is r_τ Calculating a sidewall light source W in the area for the sidewall τ The sum of the horizontal illumination generated by all the discrete units in the road surface calculation area to a certain calculation point r is expressed as follows:
wherein x is τk For the side wall light source W τ One of the discrete units Q k Coordinates of the center point k of (2) on the x-axis, z τk For the side wall light source W τ One of the discrete units Q k Coordinates of the center point k of (d) in the z-axis 1 Is the spacing between the lateral side walls at two sides,
said E' r_τ Calculating the sidewall light source W in the area for the sidewall τ Corresponding other side W' τ The sum of the horizontal illumination generated by all the discrete units on a certain calculation point r of the pavement calculation area is expressed as the following specific expression:
wherein x 'is' τk For the side wall light source W' τ One of the discrete units Q' k The coordinates of the center point k 'on the x-axis, z' τk For the side wall light source W' τ One of the discrete units Q' k The coordinates of the center point k' in the z-axis.
5. The method for optimizing road tunnel lighting lamp layout parameters in consideration of diffuse reflection of side walls according to claim 1, wherein,
wherein under the assumption of diffuse reflection, the total illuminance E of the road surface r For the road surface horizontal illuminance E s_r And the side wall reflects horizontal illumination E f_r And (3) summing.
6. The method for optimizing road tunnel lighting lamp layout parameters in consideration of diffuse reflection of side walls according to claim 1, wherein,
wherein the bilateral symmetry lamp distribution parameter mathematical optimization model comprises constraint conditions and target optimization functions,
the objective optimization function is as follows:
the constraint conditions are as follows:
E av ≥E 0
v/s＜2.5 or v/s＞15
h min ＜h＜h max
wherein P is single lamp power, h is mounting height, ζ is mounting elevation angle, s is longitudinal spacing of the lamps, d is transverse spacing of the lamps, E av For average illuminance of road surface E 0 For minimum average road surface illumination under the corresponding design speed and traffic flow of the basic illumination section of the tunnel in the specification, U 0 For minimum road surface uniformity specified by specification, U 1 For the minimum road centerline longitudinal uniformity specified by the specification, v is the speed of travel in the tunnel,for the average brightness of all discrete cells within the sidewall 2m height range, I w_min For minimum brightness in the height range of 2m of the side wall, I 0 Minimum average luminance in the sidewall 2m high range specified for specification, R 0 For the radius of the inner surface of the tunnel, U 2 For minimum brightness uniformity in sidewall 2m high range, u min For minimum installation distance of lamp and tunnel inner surface, u max For the maximum installation distance of the lamp and the inner surface of the tunnel, h 0 The height of the straight wall which is the side wall is h 1 Is the vertical distance of the lower edge of the sidewall from the road surface.
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