CN107220433B - Method for optimizing lighting symmetrical lamp arrangement parameters of middle section of highway tunnel - Google Patents
Method for optimizing lighting symmetrical lamp arrangement parameters of middle section of highway tunnel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for optimizing lighting symmetrical lamp arrangement parameters of a middle section of a highway tunnel, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of respectively establishing horizontal illumination and total horizontal illumination generated by lamps at any point in a highway tunnel pavement calculation area according to lamp light distribution data, taking tunnel pavement illumination, brightness, illumination uniformity, stroboflash and the like meeting traffic safety requirements as optimization constraint conditions, taking the minimum total lighting power consumption of the middle section of a tunnel as a target, establishing a symmetrical light distribution parameter optimization model based on the lamp light distribution data, and obtaining optimized light distribution parameters of a symmetrical light distribution mode. Has the advantages that: the invention optimizes the lamp arrangement parameters of the lamps according to the light distribution data of the selected lamps, and when the lamps are installed according to the optimized lamp arrangement parameters, the total energy consumption of the lighting system is minimum on the premise of meeting the traffic safety requirement, thereby reducing the energy consumption cost and the total cost of tunnel operation and having obvious economic benefit and social benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel illumination, and particularly relates to a symmetric light distribution parameter optimization method for illumination of a middle section of a highway tunnel.
Background
The tunnel lighting is an equipment system which must be installed in the highway tunnel, is the basic guarantee of the operation safety of the highway tunnel, and according to the design rules of highway tunnel lighting, the length of the tunnel which is more than 100m is provided with a lighting system. Meanwhile, the tunnel lighting system is a high-energy-consumption system in the highway tunnel, and the lighting energy consumption cost accounts for a great proportion of the operation cost of the highway tunnel. Statistics of electricity consumption of the highway tunnel shows that electricity cost of the tunnel is more than 40 ten thousand yuan per kilometer per year; with the acceleration of highway construction pace in China, highway tunnel mileage will be increased continuously, and huge lighting energy consumption and cost not only cause huge burden to tunnel operation units, but also meet the requirement of energy conservation and emission reduction advocated by China. Therefore, the technical research on the energy conservation of the tunnel lighting has very important practical significance.
The detailed design rules of highway tunnel lighting in China only stipulate the arrangement form of tunnel lighting lamps, but no optimization method of lamp installation parameters is given, and the same problem exists in the international lighting committee standard. In an actual tunnel lighting design, lamps are usually installed by experience, and therefore, lamp installation parameters are often unreasonable, so that the phenomena of insufficient lighting rays (under lighting) or waste (over lighting) are common.
Therefore, how to effectively solve the problems and optimize the tunnel lamp arrangement parameters is an urgent matter to be solved at present, so that the energy consumption cost of the highway tunnel is reduced and the operation level of the highway tunnel is improved on the premise of meeting the illumination requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for optimizing the symmetric lighting distribution parameters of the middle section of the highway tunnel, which can effectively solve the problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a method for optimizing lighting symmetrical lamp arrangement parameters of a middle section of a highway tunnel, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing a coordinate system: establishing a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system by taking the longitudinal direction of the tunnel as an X axis, the transverse direction of the tunnel as a Y axis and the height direction as a Z axis;
setting the length of the middle section of the tunnel to be optimized as L;
two rows of lamps are symmetrically arranged at the left side and the right side of the middle section of the tunnel, and the lamps are respectively arranged in a left row of lamps and a right row of lamps; wherein the transverse distance between the left row of lamps and the right row of lamps is d1The longitudinal distance of each row of lamps is the same and is S; suppose that the quantity of lamps and lanterns of tunnel interlude arrangement altogether is n, therefore, the left bank of lamps and lanterns are in order to be noted as: z1、Z2…Zn/2The projection points of the lamps on the road surface are sequentially marked as O1、O2…On/2(ii) a The right row of lamps is sequentially marked as: y is1、Y2…Yn/2The projection points of the lamps on the road surface are sequentially marked as O1’、O2’…On/2’；
The road surface area of the effective tunnel extending along the Y axis in the area surrounded by the projection points of 4 adjacent lamps on the road surface is called a calculation area, so the middle section of the tunnel is divided into L/S calculation areas, namely a calculation area J1Calculating region J2… calculating region JL/S(ii) a Namely: calculating region J1Is a projection point O1Projection point O2Projection point O2' sum projection point O1' an extended effective tunnel pavement area of the enclosed area along the Y axis; calculating region J2Is a projection point O3Projection point O4Projection point O4' sum projection point O3' an extended effective tunnel pavement area of the enclosed area along the Y axis; and so on, calculate region JL/SIs a projection point OL/SProjection point OL/S+1Projection point OL/S+1' sum projection point OL/S' an extended effective tunnel pavement area of the enclosed area along the Y axis;
step two: for calculation region J at both ends1And calculating region JL/SThe following treatments were performed:
for the calculation region J1At the projection point O1The left adjacent luminaire belonging to the transition zone is denoted as Z0And its projected point on the road surface is marked as O0(ii) a At the projection point O1' left adjacent luminaire belonging to the transition region is denoted as Y0And its projected point on the road surface is marked as O0’；
For the calculation region JL/SAt the projection point OL/S+1The adjacent lamps on the right side belonging to the transition zone are denoted as Z00And its projected point on the road surface is marked as O00(ii) a At the projection point OL/S+1' Right adjacent luminaire belonging to the transition region is denoted as Y00And its projected point on the road surface is marked as O00’；
Thus, for the calculation region J1The corresponding 8 nearest adjacent lamps are sequentially Z0Y0Z1Y1Z2Y2Z3Y3And are sequentially recorded as a calculation region J11 st luminaire, calculation region J12 nd luminaire … calculates region J1The 8 th lamp;
for the calculation region J2The corresponding 8 nearest adjacent lamps are sequentially Z1Y1Z2Y2Z3Y3Z4Y4And are sequentially recorded as a calculation region J21 st luminaire, calculation region J22 nd luminaire … calculates region J2The 8 th lamp;
for the calculation region J3The corresponding 8 nearest adjacent lamps are sequentially Z2Y2Z3Y3Z4Y4Z5Y5And are sequentially recorded as a calculation region J31 st luminaire, calculation region J32 nd luminaire … calculates region J3The 8 th lamp;
and so on until the region J is calculatedL/S-1The corresponding 8 nearest adjacent lamps are sequentially ZL/S-2YL/S-2ZL/S-1YL/S- 1ZL/SYL/SZL/S+1YL/S+1(ii) a Are sequentially recorded as a calculation region JL/S-11 st luminaire, calculation region JL/S-12 nd luminaire … calculates region JL/S-1The 8 th lamp;
for the calculation region JL/SThe corresponding 8 nearest adjacent lamps are sequentially ZL/S-1YL/S-1ZL/SYL/SZL/S+1YL/S+ 1Z00Y00(ii) a Are sequentially recorded as a calculation region JL/S1 st luminaire, calculation region JL/S2 nd luminaire … calculates region JL/SThe 8 th lamp;
step three: determining the actual luminous intensity I at the angle deviating from the optical axis gamma of the lamp according to the light distribution data of the lampc(γ, θ) calculation formula:
wherein gamma is an included angle between the light rays of the lamp and the optical axis of the lamp; theta is an included angle between the light distribution section where the light of the lamp is located and the C0/180 light distribution section; i isc(gamma, theta) is the luminous intensity at the light source of the lamp; i is1000(gamma, theta) are light intensity values corresponding to the gamma angle and the theta angle in the light distribution data table of the lamp; eta0Is the lamp light output rate; eta is the lamp utilization coefficient; m is a lamp maintenance coefficient; p is the power of a single lamp; q is the luminous efficiency of the lamp;
step four: for any tunnel pavement calculation point b (x, y) in each calculation area, the following method is adopted to determine the horizontal illuminance E generated by the 8 nearest adjacent lamps corresponding to the calculation area at the tunnel pavement calculation point b (x, y)bi：
(1) Determining the included angle between the light ray irradiated to the tunnel pavement calculation point b (x, y) by each lamp and the optical axis of the lamp:
(2) determining an included angle between a light distribution section where light rays irradiated to a tunnel pavement calculation point b (x, y) by each lamp are located and a C0/180 light distribution section:
(3) determining the horizontal illuminance generated by each lamp at the tunnel pavement calculation point b (x, y):
wherein: (x, y) is the coordinates of point b; gamma rayiCalculating the included angle between the light ray irradiating the point b of the ith lamp in the area and the optical axis of the lamp; thetaiCalculating the included angle between the light distribution section where the light rays irradiating the point b from the ith lamp in the area and the light distribution section of the lamp C0/180; i isc(γiθi) The actual luminous intensity of the ith lamp in the b-point light direction is obtained; h is the vertical distance from the center of the light source of the lamp to the road surface; s is the longitudinal distance of the lamps; d1The transverse spacing of the lamps; xi is the elevation angle of the light axis of the lamp in the C0/180 light distribution profile;
step five: determining the total horizontal illumination of any calculation point of the road surface of the highway tunnel based on the light distribution data of the lamp:
calculating the total horizontal illuminance E at any one of the calculation points b (x, y) in the areabIs the sum of the horizontal illuminance generated by 8 lamps at the calculation point at the periphery of the calculation area, namely:
step six: establishing a lighting symmetrical light distribution parameter optimization model for the middle section of the highway tunnel:
minP＝n·p＝[(2L/S)+2]·p
Emin＝min{Ei,j},i＝1,2,...,N1,j＝1,2,...,N2
Ecmin＝min{Ei,j},i＝1,2,...,N1,j＝N2/2
Ecmax＝max{Ei,j},i＝1,2,...,N1,j＝N2/2
wherein HminThe minimum value of the installation height of the lamp is obtained; hmaxThe maximum value of the installation height of the lamp is obtained; n is the total number of lamps installed in the middle section of the tunnel; p is the total power of n lamps; l is the length of the middle section of the tunnel; e0A minimum illuminance value for the middle segment to meet traffic requirements; eminIs the minimum illuminance value of the road surface; ecminThe minimum illumination on the central line of the tunnel pavement is obtained; ecmaxThe maximum illumination on the central line of the tunnel pavement; eavThe average illumination of the tunnel pavement is obtained; n is a radical of1Calculating the number of longitudinally equally divided nodes of the area; n is a radical of2Calculating the number of nodes of the region which are transversely equally divided; u shape0The total uniformity of the road surface brightness; u shape1The longitudinal uniformity of the brightness of the middle line of the pavement is obtained; alpha is alpha1、α2The light emitting angles of the lamp along the X direction and the-X direction are respectively; beta is a1、β2The light emitting angles of the lamp in the Y direction and the-Y direction are respectively; r is the arch arc radius of the section of the tunnel body, and the unit is meter; d is the width of the whole tunnel pavement; v is the driving speed; h0The net height of the tunnel is obtained; for Ei,jI in (a) represents a longitudinal equal division node number; j represents a transverse equal division node number; ei,jRepresenting the illumination of the jth row and jth column node;
step seven: through the steps one to six, the following optimized lamp distribution parameters are obtained: power, mounting height, longitudinal mounting spacing, transverse mounting spacing and mounting elevation of the lamp.
Preferably, the model and the light distribution data of each lamp installed in the middle section of the tunnel are the same.
Preferably, the power, the luminous efficiency, the lamp utilization coefficient and the lamp maintenance coefficient of each lamp installed in the middle section of the tunnel are the same.
Preferably, the installation height, the longitudinal installation distance, the transverse installation distance and the installation elevation angle of each lamp installed in the middle section of the tunnel are the same.
Preferably, the C0/180 light distribution profile of the lamp means a short-axis light distribution profile of each lamp.
Preferably, when each lamp is installed, the C0/180 light distribution section is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.
Preferably, according to the position relationship between each lamp and the road surface calculation point, the included angle between the light beam from each lamp to the road surface calculation point and the optical axis of the corresponding lamp and the included angle between the light distribution section where the light beam is located and the light distribution section of the corresponding lamp C0/180 are determined.
Preferably, in the third step, the actual luminous intensity of each lamp in the corresponding light direction is determined according to the included angle between the light beam from each lamp to the road surface calculation point and the optical axis of the corresponding lamp and the included angle between the light distribution section where the light beam is located and the C0/180 light distribution section.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
step eight: and carrying out simulation verification on the optimized lamp arrangement parameters.
Preferably, the step eight specifically comprises:
and arranging lamps according to the lamp arrangement parameter optimization value obtained by the symmetrical lamp arrangement parameter optimization model for the illumination of the middle section of the highway tunnel, establishing a tunnel middle section illumination simulation model, calculating the minimum illumination, the average illumination, the total brightness uniformity and the longitudinal center line brightness uniformity of the tunnel pavement, comparing the minimum illumination, the average illumination, the total brightness uniformity and the longitudinal center line brightness uniformity with standard requirement values, and verifying whether the minimum illumination, the average illumination, the total brightness uniformity and the longitudinal center line brightness uniformity meet corresponding standard requirements or.
The invention provides a method for optimizing lighting symmetrical lamp distribution parameters of a middle section of a highway tunnel, which has the following advantages:
the invention optimizes the lamp arrangement parameters of the lamps according to the light distribution data of the selected lamps, and when the lamps are installed according to the optimized lamp arrangement parameters, the total energy consumption of the lighting system is minimum on the premise of meeting the traffic safety requirement, thereby reducing the energy consumption cost and the total cost of tunnel operation and having obvious economic benefit and social benefit.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for optimizing symmetric lighting parameters of a middle section of a highway tunnel according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a layout diagram of a coordinate system and a calculation area adopted when the method for optimizing the lighting symmetrical lighting distribution parameters of the middle section of the highway tunnel is applied.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a method for optimizing lighting symmetrical lamp distribution parameters at the middle section of a highway tunnel, which is a technology for realizing energy conservation by optimizing tunnel lighting symmetrical lamp distribution parameters based on lamp light distribution data, and belongs to the technical field of highway tunnel lighting energy conservation.
The invention provides a method for optimizing symmetric light distribution parameters for illumination at the middle section of a highway tunnel, which is based on the highway tunnel illumination design rules (JTG/T D70/2-01-2014) in China and optimizes the symmetric light distribution parameters for illumination at the middle section of the highway tunnel based on light distribution data of lamps so as to achieve the aim of saving energy. The main conception is as follows: the method comprises the steps of respectively establishing horizontal illumination and total horizontal illumination generated by lamps at any point in a calculation area of a road surface of a highway tunnel according to lamp light distribution data, then establishing a symmetrical light distribution parameter optimization model based on the lamp light distribution data by taking the power, the installation height, the longitudinal installation distance, the transverse installation distance and the installation elevation as optimization parameters, taking the tunnel road surface illumination, the brightness, the illumination uniformity, the stroboscopic effect and other requirements meeting traffic safety as optimization constraint conditions and taking the minimum total illumination power consumption of the middle section of the tunnel as a target, and obtaining optimized light distribution parameters of a symmetrical light distribution mode, wherein the optimized light distribution parameters comprise single lamp power, the lamp installation height, the longitudinal installation distance, the transverse installation distance, the installation elevation and the like, so that the illumination capacity of the illumination lamp is fully exerted during the service life of the illumination lamp, and the energy. The invention has the following remarkable effects: and when the lamps are installed according to the optimized lamp arrangement parameters, the total energy consumption of the lighting system is minimum on the premise of meeting the traffic safety requirements, so that the energy consumption cost and the total cost of tunnel operation are reduced, and obvious economic benefits and social benefits are achieved.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for optimizing symmetric lighting distribution parameters of the middle section of the highway tunnel provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing a coordinate system: establishing a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system by taking the longitudinal direction of the tunnel as an X axis, the transverse direction of the tunnel as a Y axis and the height direction as a Z axis;
setting the length of the middle section of the tunnel to be optimized as L;
two rows of lamps are symmetrically arranged at the left side and the right side of the middle section of the tunnel, and the lamps are respectively arranged in a left row of lamps and a right row of lamps; wherein the transverse distance between the left row of lamps and the right row of lamps is d1The longitudinal distance of each row of lamps is the same and is S; suppose that the quantity of lamps and lanterns of tunnel interlude arrangement altogether is n, therefore, the left bank of lamps and lanterns are in order to be noted as: z1、Z2…Zn/2The projection points of the lamps on the road surface are sequentially marked as O1、O2…On/2(ii) a The right row of lamps is sequentially marked as: y is1、Y2…Yn/2The projection points of the lamps on the road surface are sequentially marked as O1’、O2’…On/2’；
The extended effective tunnel pavement area along the Y axis of the area surrounded by the projection points of 4 adjacent lamps on the pavement is called a calculation area. For convenience of explaining the meaning of the calculation region, referring to fig. 2, the left row of lamps is sequentially: z1、Z3、Z5And Z7The projection points of the road surface are sequentially O1、O2、O3And O4(ii) a The right row of lamps sequentially comprises: y is1、Y2、Y3And Y4The projection points of the road surface are sequentially O1’、O2’、O3' and O4'. For 4 adjacent lamps, Z2、Z3、Y3And Y2The area surrounded by the projected points on the road surface is O2-O3-O3’-O2', its extended effective tunnel road surface area along Y axis is B2-B3-B3’-B2', i.e.: b is2-B3-B3’-B2' is 1 calculation region.
Therefore, the middle section of the tunnel is divided into L/S calculation areas, namely a calculation area J1Calculating region J2… calculating region JL/S(ii) a Namely: calculating region J1Is a projection point O1Projection point O2Projection point O2' sum projection point O1' an extended effective tunnel pavement area of the enclosed area along the Y axis; calculating region J2Is a projection point O3Projection point O4Projection point O4' sum projection point O3' an extended effective tunnel pavement area of the enclosed area along the Y axis; and so on, calculate region JL/SIs a projection point OL/SProjection point OL/S+1Projection point OL/S+1' sum projection point OL/S' an extended effective tunnel pavement area of the enclosed area along the Y axis;
step two: for calculation region J at both ends1And calculating region JL/SThe following treatments were performed:
for the calculation region J1At the projection point O1The left adjacent luminaire belonging to the transition zone is denoted as Z0And its projected point on the road surface is marked as O0(ii) a At the projection point O1' left adjacent luminaire belonging to the transition region is denoted as Y0And its projected point on the road surface is marked as O0’；
For the calculation region JL/SAt the projection point OL/S+1The adjacent lamps on the right side belonging to the transition zone are denoted as Z00And its projected point on the road surface is marked as O00(ii) a At the projection point OL/S+1' Right adjacent luminaire belonging to the transition region is denoted as Y00And its projected point on the road surface is marked as O00’；
Thus, for the calculation region J1The corresponding 8 nearest adjacent lamps are sequentially Z0Y0Z1Y1Z2Y2Z3Y3And are sequentially recorded as a calculation region J11 st luminaire, calculation region J12 nd luminaire … calculates region J1The 8 th lamp;
for the calculation region J2The corresponding 8 nearest adjacent lamps are sequentially Z1Y1Z2Y2Z3Y3Z4Y4And are sequentially recorded as a calculation region J21 st luminaire, calculation region J22 nd luminaire … calculates region J2The 8 th lamp;
for the calculation region J3The corresponding 8 nearest adjacent lamps are sequentially Z2Y2Z3Y3Z4Y4Z5Y5And are sequentially recorded as a calculation region J31 st luminaire, calculation region J32 nd luminaire … calculates region J3The 8 th lamp;
and so on until the region J is calculatedL/S-1The corresponding 8 nearest adjacent lamps are sequentially ZL/S-2YL/S-2ZL/S-1YL/S- 1ZL/SYL/SZL/S+1YL/S+1(ii) a Are sequentially recorded as a calculation region JL/S-11 st luminaire, calculation region JL/S-12 nd luminaire … calculates region JL/S-1The 8 th lamp;
for the calculation region JL/SThe corresponding 8 nearest adjacent lamps are sequentially ZL/S-1YL/S-1ZL/SYL/SZL/S+1YL/S+ 1Z00Y00(ii) a Are sequentially recorded as a calculation region JL/S1 st luminaire, calculation region JL/S2 nd luminaire … calculates region JL/SThe 8 th lamp;
in the invention, for any tunnel pavement calculation point in a calculation area, 8 lamps which are most adjacent to each other have influence on the illumination of the calculation point, wherein the 8 lamps are respectively as follows: 4 neighboring luminaires forming a calculation region, 2 luminaires left neighboring the calculation region and 2 luminaires right neighboring the calculation region.
And calculation regions J at both ends for the middle section of the tunnel1And calculating region JL/SSpecial treatment is required, namely: for the calculation region J1In order to obtain 8 nearest adjacent lamps, 2 adjacent lamps belonging to the left transition region need to be investigated; for the calculation region JL/SIn order to obtain 8 nearest neighboring lamps, 2 neighboring lamps belonging to the right transition region need to be investigated; because the number of lamps related to the middle section of the tunnel is large, the processing error is very small, and the lamp arrangement parameter result is not influenced.
Step three: determining the actual luminous intensity I at the angle deviating from the optical axis gamma of the lamp according to the light distribution data of the lampc(γ, θ) calculation formula:
wherein gamma is an included angle between the light rays of the lamp and the optical axis of the lamp; theta is an included angle between the light distribution section where the light of the lamp is located and the C0/180 light distribution section; i isc(gamma, theta) is the luminous intensity at the light source of the lamp; i is1000(gamma, theta) are light intensity values corresponding to the gamma angle and the theta angle in the light distribution data table of the lamp; eta0Is the lamp light output rate; eta is the lamp utilization coefficient; m is a lamp maintenance coefficient; p is the power of a single lamp; q is the luminous efficiency of the lamp;
step four: for any tunnel pavement calculation point b (x, y) in each calculation area, the following method is adopted to determine the horizontal illuminance E generated by the 8 nearest adjacent lamps corresponding to the calculation area at the tunnel pavement calculation point b (x, y)bi：
(1) Determining the included angle between the light ray irradiated to the tunnel pavement calculation point b (x, y) by each lamp and the optical axis of the lamp:
(2) determining an included angle between a light distribution section where light rays irradiated to a tunnel pavement calculation point b (x, y) by each lamp are located and a C0/180 light distribution section:
(3) determining the horizontal illuminance generated by each lamp at the tunnel pavement calculation point b (x, y):
wherein: (x, y) is the coordinates of point b; gamma rayiCalculating the included angle between the light ray irradiating the point b of the ith lamp in the area and the optical axis of the lamp; thetaiCalculating the included angle between the light distribution section where the light rays irradiating the point b from the ith lamp in the area and the light distribution section of the lamp C0/180; i isc(γiθi) The actual luminous intensity of the ith lamp in the b-point light direction is obtained; h is the vertical distance from the center of the light source of the lamp to the road surface; s is the longitudinal distance of the lamps; d1The transverse spacing of the lamps; xi is the elevation angle of the light axis of the lamp in the C0/180 light distribution profile;
step five: determining the total horizontal illumination of any calculation point of the road surface of the highway tunnel based on the light distribution data of the lamp:
calculating the total horizontal illuminance E at any one of the calculation points b (x, y) in the areabIs the sum of the horizontal illuminance generated by 8 lamps at the calculation point at the periphery of the calculation area, namely:
step six: establishing a lighting symmetrical light distribution parameter optimization model for the middle section of the highway tunnel:
minP＝n·p＝[(2L/S)+2]·p
Emin＝min{Ei,j},i＝1,2,...,N1,j＝1,2,...,N2
Ecmin＝min{Ei,j},i＝1,2,...,N1,j＝N2/2
Ecmax＝max{Ei,j},i＝1,2,...,N1,j＝N2/2
wherein HminThe minimum value of the installation height of the lamp is obtained; hmaxThe maximum value of the installation height of the lamp is obtained; n is the total number of lamps installed in the middle section of the tunnel; p is the total power of n lamps; l is the length of the middle section of the tunnel; e0A minimum illuminance value for the middle segment to meet traffic requirements; eminIs the minimum illuminance value of the road surface; ecminThe minimum illumination on the central line of the tunnel pavement is obtained; ecmaxThe maximum illumination on the central line of the tunnel pavement; eavThe average illumination of the tunnel pavement is obtained; n is a radical of1Calculating the number of longitudinally equally divided nodes of the area; n is a radical of2Calculating the number of nodes of the region which are transversely equally divided; u shape0The total uniformity of the road surface brightness; u shape1The longitudinal uniformity of the brightness of the middle line of the pavement is obtained; alpha is alpha1、α2The light emitting angles of the lamp along the X direction and the-X direction are respectively; beta is a1、β2The light emitting angles of the lamp in the Y direction and the-Y direction are respectively; r is the arch arc radius of the section of the tunnel body, and the unit is meter; d is the width of the whole tunnel pavement; v is the driving speed; h0The net height of the tunnel is obtained; for Ei,jI in (a) represents a longitudinal equal division node number; j represents a transverse equal division node number; ei,jRepresenting the illumination of the jth row and jth column node;
the concept mainly embodied by the constraint conditions comprises the following steps: (1) the road surface brightness of the middle section is not lower than the standard minimum value under the set driving speed and traffic flow; (2) the total uniformity of the road surface brightness and the longitudinal uniformity of the road surface center line brightness are not lower than the standard values required by the design rules of highway tunnel illumination. (3) At least 0.4m of distance is reserved between the lamp and the tunnel wall and between the lamp and the tunnel vault, so that the lamp can be installed, ventilated and radiated.
Step seven: through the steps one to six, the following optimized lamp distribution parameters are obtained: power, mounting height, longitudinal mounting spacing, transverse mounting spacing and mounting elevation of the lamp.
Further comprising: step eight: and carrying out simulation verification on the optimized lamp arrangement parameters.
The eighth step specifically comprises:
and arranging lamps according to the lamp arrangement parameter optimization value obtained by the symmetrical lamp arrangement parameter optimization model for the illumination of the middle section of the highway tunnel, establishing a tunnel middle section illumination simulation model, calculating the minimum illumination, the average illumination, the total brightness uniformity and the longitudinal center line brightness uniformity of the tunnel pavement, comparing the minimum illumination, the average illumination, the total brightness uniformity and the longitudinal center line brightness uniformity with standard requirement values, and verifying whether the minimum illumination, the average illumination, the total brightness uniformity and the longitudinal center line brightness uniformity meet corresponding standard requirements or. Of course, it is also possible to compare this with a conventional lamp arrangement, thus demonstrating the energy saving properties of the lamp arrangement according to the invention.
In the present invention, the middle section of the tunnel is a middle area excluding a head area and a tail area of the tunnel, and the model and the light distribution data of each lamp mounted in the middle area are the same. The lamp may be an electromagnetic induction lamp or an LED lamp, excluding high/low pressure sodium lamps. The power, luminous efficiency, lamp utilization coefficient and lamp maintenance coefficient of each installed lamp are the same. The installation height, the longitudinal installation distance, the transverse installation distance and the installation elevation angle of each installed lamp are the same. Therefore, the method is particularly suitable for the optimization method of the lighting symmetrical lighting distribution parameters for the middle section of the tunnel.
The invention aims to provide a method for optimizing tunnel middle section illumination symmetrical lamp arrangement parameters according to lamp light distribution data so as to realize energy saving, which can realize that a tunnel illumination lamp fully exerts the illumination capability in the service life, reduces or avoids the phenomena of 'over illumination' and 'under illumination' on the tunnel pavement, and realizes the energy saving of a tunnel illumination system on the premise of meeting traffic safety requirements.
The invention has the following remarkable effects: the lamp is suitable for lamps with light distribution curves (data) in various shapes such as complete symmetry, symmetry and asymmetry. The light distribution parameters of the lamps are optimized according to the light distribution data of the selected lamps, when the lamps are installed according to the optimized light distribution parameters, the lighting capacity of the lighting lamps in the service life of the lighting lamps can be fully exerted, and the total energy consumption of a lighting system is minimum on the premise of meeting the traffic safety requirements, so that the energy consumption cost and the total cost of tunnel operation are reduced, and obvious economic benefits and social benefits are achieved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A symmetric light distribution parameter optimization method for lighting at the middle section of a highway tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing a coordinate system: establishing a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system by taking the longitudinal direction of the tunnel as an X axis, the transverse direction of the tunnel as a Y axis and the height direction as a Z axis;
setting the length of the middle section of the tunnel to be optimized as L;
two rows of lamps are symmetrically arranged at the left side and the right side of the middle section of the tunnel, and the lamps are respectively arranged in a left row of lamps and a right row of lamps; wherein the transverse distance between the left row of lamps and the right row of lamps is d1The longitudinal distance of each row of lamps is the same and is S; suppose that the quantity of lamps and lanterns of tunnel interlude arrangement altogether is n, therefore, the left bank of lamps and lanterns are in order to be noted as: z1、Z2…Zn/2The projection points of the lamps on the road surface are sequentially marked as O1、O2…On/2(ii) a The right row of lamps is sequentially marked as: y is1、Y2…Yn/2The projection points of the lamps on the road surface are sequentially marked as O1’、O2’…On/2’；
The road surface area of the effective tunnel extending along the Y axis in the area surrounded by the projection points of 4 adjacent lamps on the road surface is called a calculation area, so the middle section of the tunnel is divided into L/S calculation areas, namely a calculation area J1Calculating region J2… calculationRegion JL/S(ii) a Namely: calculating region J1Is a projection point O1Projection point O2Projection point O2' sum projection point O1' an extended effective tunnel pavement area of the enclosed area along the Y axis; calculating region J2Is a projection point O3Projection point O4Projection point O4' sum projection point O3' an extended effective tunnel pavement area of the enclosed area along the Y axis; and so on, calculate region JL/SIs a projection point OL/SProjection point OL/S+1Projection point OL/S+1' sum projection point OL/S' an extended effective tunnel pavement area of the enclosed area along the Y axis;
step two: for calculation region J at both ends1And calculating region JL/SThe following treatments were performed:
for the calculation region J1At the projection point O1The left adjacent luminaire belonging to the transition zone is denoted as Z0And its projected point on the road surface is marked as O0(ii) a At the projection point O1' left adjacent luminaire belonging to the transition region is denoted as Y0And its projected point on the road surface is marked as O0’；
For the calculation region JL/SAt the projection point OL/S+1The adjacent lamps on the right side belonging to the transition zone are denoted as Z00And its projected point on the road surface is marked as O00(ii) a At the projection point OL/S+1' Right adjacent luminaire belonging to the transition region is denoted as Y00And its projected point on the road surface is marked as O00’；
Thus, for the calculation region J1The corresponding 8 nearest adjacent lamps are sequentially Z0 Y0 Z1 Y1 Z2 Y2 Z3 Y3And are sequentially recorded as a calculation region J11 st luminaire, calculation region J12 nd luminaire … calculates region J1The 8 th lamp;
for the calculation region J2The corresponding 8 nearest adjacent lamps are sequentially Z1 Y1 Z2 Y2 Z3 Y3 Z4 Y4In turn, areIs recorded as a calculation region J21 st luminaire, calculation region J22 nd luminaire … calculates region J2The 8 th lamp;
for the calculation region J3The corresponding 8 nearest adjacent lamps are sequentially Z2 Y2 Z3 Y3 Z4 Y4 Z5 Y5And are sequentially recorded as a calculation region J31 st luminaire, calculation region J32 nd luminaire … calculates region J3The 8 th lamp;
and so on until the region J is calculatedL/S-1The corresponding 8 nearest adjacent lamps are sequentially ZL/S-2 YL/S-2 ZL/S-1YL/S-1ZL/S YL/S ZL/S+1 YL/S+1(ii) a Are sequentially recorded as a calculation region JL/S-11 st luminaire, calculation region JL/S-12 nd luminaire … calculates region JL/S-1The 8 th lamp;
for the calculation region JL/SThe corresponding 8 nearest adjacent lamps are sequentially ZL/S-1 YL/S-1 ZL/S YL/S ZL/S+1 YL/S+1 Z00Y00(ii) a Are sequentially recorded as a calculation region JL/S1 st luminaire, calculation region JL/S2 nd luminaire … calculates region JL/SThe 8 th lamp;
step three: determining the actual luminous intensity I at the angle deviating from the optical axis gamma of the lamp according to the light distribution data of the lampc(γ, θ) calculation formula:
wherein gamma is an included angle between the light rays of the lamp and the optical axis of the lamp; theta is an included angle between the light distribution section where the light of the lamp is located and the C0/180 light distribution section; i isc(gamma, theta) is the luminous intensity at the light source of the lamp; i is1000(gamma, theta) are light intensity values corresponding to the gamma angle and the theta angle in the light distribution data table of the lamp; eta0Is the lamp light output rate; eta is the lamp utilization coefficient; m is a lamp maintenance coefficient; p is the power of a single lamp; q is the light of the lampThe optical efficiency;
step four: for any tunnel pavement calculation point b (x, y) in each calculation area, the following method is adopted to determine the horizontal illuminance E generated by the 8 nearest adjacent lamps corresponding to the calculation area at the tunnel pavement calculation point b (x, y)bi：
(1) Determining the included angle between the light ray irradiated to the tunnel pavement calculation point b (x, y) by each lamp and the optical axis of the lamp:
(2) determining an included angle between a light distribution section where light rays irradiated to a tunnel pavement calculation point b (x, y) by each lamp are located and a C0/180 light distribution section:
(3) determining the horizontal illuminance generated by each lamp at the tunnel pavement calculation point b (x, y):
wherein: (x, y) is the coordinates of point b; gamma rayiCalculating the included angle between the light ray irradiating the point b of the ith lamp in the area and the optical axis of the lamp; thetaiCalculating the included angle between the light distribution section where the light rays irradiating the point b from the ith lamp in the area and the light distribution section of the lamp C0/180; i isc(γi θi) The actual luminous intensity of the ith lamp in the b-point light direction is obtained; h is the vertical distance from the center of the light source of the lamp to the road surface; s is the longitudinal distance of the lamps; d1The transverse spacing of the lamps; xi is the light axis of the lamp at C0/180 elevation angle in the light profile;
step five: determining the total horizontal illumination of any calculation point of the road surface of the highway tunnel based on the light distribution data of the lamp:
calculating the total horizontal illuminance E at any one of the calculation points b (x, y) in the areabIs the sum of the horizontal illuminance generated by 8 lamps at the calculation point at the periphery of the calculation area, namely:
step six: establishing a lighting symmetrical light distribution parameter optimization model for the middle section of the highway tunnel:
min P＝n·p＝[(2L/S)+2]·p
Emin＝min{Ei,j},i＝1,2,...,N1,j＝1,2,...,N2
Ecmin＝min{Ei,j},i＝1,2,...,N1,j＝N2/2
Ecmax＝max{Ei,j},i＝1,2,...,N1,j＝N2/2
wherein HminThe minimum value of the installation height of the lamp is obtained; hmaxThe maximum value of the installation height of the lamp is obtained; n is the total number of lamps installed in the middle section of the tunnel; p is the total power of n lamps; l is the length of the middle section of the tunnel; e0A minimum illuminance value for the middle segment to meet traffic requirements; eminIs the minimum illuminance value of the road surface; ecminThe minimum illumination on the central line of the tunnel pavement is obtained; ecmaxThe maximum illumination on the central line of the tunnel pavement; eavThe average illumination of the tunnel pavement is obtained; n is a radical of1To calculate the regionNumber of nodes equally divided vertically; n is a radical of2Calculating the number of nodes of the region which are transversely equally divided; u shape0The total uniformity of the road surface brightness; u shape1The longitudinal uniformity of the brightness of the middle line of the pavement is obtained; alpha is alpha1、α2The light emitting angles of the lamp along the X direction and the-X direction are respectively; beta is a1、β2The light emitting angles of the lamp in the Y direction and the-Y direction are respectively; r is the arch arc radius of the section of the tunnel body, and the unit is meter; d is the width of the whole tunnel pavement; v is the driving speed; h0The net height of the tunnel is obtained; for Ei,jI in (a) represents a longitudinal equal division node number; j represents a transverse equal division node number; ei,jRepresenting the illumination of the ith node of the jth row;
step seven: through the steps one to six, the following optimized lamp distribution parameters are obtained: power, mounting height, longitudinal mounting spacing, transverse mounting spacing and mounting elevation of the lamp.
2. The method for optimizing parameters of the symmetric lamp arrangement for the middle section of the highway tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the models and the light distribution data of the lamps installed in the middle section of the highway tunnel are the same.
3. The method for optimizing the parameters of the symmetric lamp arrangement for the middle section of the highway tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the power, the luminous efficiency, the lamp utilization coefficient and the lamp maintenance coefficient of each lamp installed in the middle section of the highway tunnel are the same.
4. The method for optimizing lighting symmetrical lamp arrangement parameters of the middle section of the highway tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the installation height, the longitudinal installation distance, the transverse installation distance and the installation elevation angle of each lamp installed in the middle section of the tunnel are the same.
5. The method for optimizing the parameters of the symmetric lamp distribution for the middle section illumination of the highway tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the C0/180 light distribution section of the lamp is the short-axis light distribution section of each lamp.
6. The method for optimizing the parameters of the symmetric light distribution of the middle section of the highway tunnel according to claim 5, wherein when each lamp is installed, the C0/180 light distribution section is vertical to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.
7. The method for optimizing the parameters of the symmetric lamp arrangement for the middle section illumination of the highway tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the included angle between the light from each lamp to the road surface calculation point and the optical axis of the corresponding lamp and the included angle between the light distribution section where the light is located and the light distribution section of the corresponding lamp C0/180 are determined according to the position relationship between each lamp and the road surface calculation point.
8. The method for optimizing the parameters of the symmetric lamp arrangement for the middle section illumination of the highway tunnel according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the actual luminous intensity of each lamp in the corresponding light direction is determined according to the included angle between the light beam from each lamp to the road surface calculation point and the optical axis of the corresponding lamp and the included angle between the light distribution section where the light beam is located and the light distribution section of C0/180.
9. The method for optimizing the parameters of the symmetric lighting arrangement of the middle section of the highway tunnel according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps:
step eight: and carrying out simulation verification on the optimized lamp arrangement parameters.
10. The method for optimizing the parameters of the symmetric lighting arrangement of the middle section of the highway tunnel according to claim 9, wherein the eighth step is specifically as follows:
and arranging lamps according to the lamp arrangement parameter optimization value obtained by the symmetrical lamp arrangement parameter optimization model for the illumination of the middle section of the highway tunnel, establishing a tunnel middle section illumination simulation model, calculating the minimum illumination, the average illumination, the total brightness uniformity and the longitudinal center line brightness uniformity of the tunnel pavement, comparing the minimum illumination, the average illumination, the total brightness uniformity and the longitudinal center line brightness uniformity with standard requirement values, and verifying whether the minimum illumination, the average illumination, the total brightness uniformity and the longitudinal center line brightness uniformity meet corresponding standard requirements or.
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| JP3208697B2 (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 2001-09-17 | 株式会社小糸製作所 | Cornering lamp system for vehicles |
| CN103268521A (en) * | 2013-05-13 | 2013-08-28 | 南京师范大学 | Overall-optimization lighting source arranging method |
| CN104517163A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2015-04-15 | 重庆大学 | Optimization method of streetlamp layout |
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| JP3208697B2 (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 2001-09-17 | 株式会社小糸製作所 | Cornering lamp system for vehicles |
| CN103268521A (en) * | 2013-05-13 | 2013-08-28 | 南京师范大学 | Overall-optimization lighting source arranging method |
| CN104517163A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2015-04-15 | 重庆大学 | Optimization method of streetlamp layout |
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