CN113776926B - Test device and method for free face rock under confining pressure-temperature-water coupling effect - Google Patents
Test device and method for free face rock under confining pressure-temperature-water coupling effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN113776926B CN113776926B CN202111215205.8A CN202111215205A CN113776926B CN 113776926 B CN113776926 B CN 113776926B CN 202111215205 A CN202111215205 A CN 202111215205A CN 113776926 B CN113776926 B CN 113776926B
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device for a rock with a temporary surface under the action of confining pressure-temperature-water coupling, belonging to the field of underground rock engineering mechanics; the test device comprises an oil bath heating system, a confining pressure loading system and a real-time observation system. According to the invention, the stress state of the rock on the free surface after the excavation of the underground cavity is simulated through the confining pressure loading system, and after the corresponding structure of the confining pressure loading bolt and the gasket is arranged, the quantitative loading and maintenance of the confining pressure can be realized by utilizing an electronic torque wrench or a fixed torque wrench and the like; meanwhile, the heating of the heat conduction oil is realized through an oil bath heating system, so that the water of the internal submerged rock test piece is finally heated, and the condition that the rock on the free surface is in the temperature and water immersion state is simulated. Therefore, the invention can realize the test of the rock on the free surface under the coupling action of three influencing factors of confining pressure, temperature and water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of underground rock engineering mechanics, in particular to a test device and a test method for a rock with a temporary face under the action of confining pressure, temperature and water coupling.
Background
The loose deformation and block stability analysis of the rock on the free face after the excavation of the underground cavern become the focus of engineering attention. The conventional research focuses on the conventional uniaxial or triaxial mechanical properties of a complete rock test piece, and the special stress state of the rock on the free surface after the excavation of the cavity (only the free surface is the free surface and the other surfaces are still subjected to confining pressure) is not considered, so that the mechanical properties of the rock are different from those of the conventional indoor test. The limitation of the prior test is mainly that a confining pressure loading device for simulating the stress state of the rock on the free surface is not available.
As the field of underground engineering continues to advance toward the deep, the phenomenon of coupling of high ground temperature with groundwater will become more apparent. The prior researches show that the brittle rock has obvious temperature effect, the high temperature can play an important role in the deterioration of the mechanical property of the rock, and the deterioration effect of water on the rock is also not negligible. However, the previous researches are mostly carried out on the mechanical properties of high Wen Yanyang under the single-axis or triaxial loading, and the mechanical properties of the rock with the free surface under the combined actions of confining pressure, high temperature and water are not considered. For deep caverns, deformation and damage of the rock on the temporary face are important bases for adopting relevant supporting measures and improving construction technology, so that research on the rock on the temporary face under the coupling effect of confining pressure, temperature and water is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problem of providing a test device for a rock on the free surface under the effect of confining pressure-temperature-water coupling.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the test device for the rock on the free surface under the confining pressure-temperature-water coupling effect comprises an oil bath heating system, a confining pressure loading system and a real-time observation system; the oil bath heating system comprises an annular hollow shell, a total base and a heating device, wherein the annular hollow shell is arranged on the total base, an annular oil bath cavity is formed in the shell of the annular hollow shell, heat conduction oil is arranged in the annular oil bath cavity, the heating device is used for heating the heat conduction oil, a water containing cavity is formed in the middle of the annular hollow shell, water is arranged in the water containing cavity, and a confining pressure loading system is arranged on the total base corresponding to the bottom of the water containing cavity; the confining pressure loading system comprises a loading base, a test piece fixing device, a gasket and confining pressure loading bolts, wherein the loading base is arranged on the total base, the test piece fixing device is arranged on the loading base and forms a fixing cavity of which the front side surface and the rear top side surface are of an open semi-closed structure and used for fixing and placing a rock test piece, the front side surface of the test piece fixing device forms a free surface after fixing the rock test piece, the top side surface of the test piece fixing device forms an external loading surface after fixing the rock test piece, a plurality of confining pressure loading bolts are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the test piece fixing device, the confining pressure loading bolts extend out of the inner fixing cavity after penetrating through corresponding side walls of the test piece fixing device, a gasket is respectively arranged on the inner sides of the fixing cavities on the left side and the right side of the test piece fixing device in a pad contact fit with the end parts of the confining pressure loading bolts on the corresponding side, and the gasket can be moved into the fixing cavity by screwing the confining pressure loading bolts; the real-time observation system comprises a protection device and a camera, wherein the protection device is arranged in front of the front side surface of the test piece fixing device and isolates a camera installation area in the water containing cavity, the camera is installed in the camera installation area and is right opposite to the free surface direction, and the protection device is made of transparent materials.
Further is: the device also comprises an external loading press, wherein the external loading press acts on an external loading surface to load; the device also comprises an electronic torque wrench or a fixed torque wrench for tightening the confining pressure loading bolt for loading; and at least five confining pressure loading bolts which are uniformly distributed are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the test piece fixing device.
Further is: the heating device comprises a heating resistance wire and a voltage-current controller, wherein the heating resistance wire is arranged in the annular oil bath cavity and is connected with the voltage-current controller through a wire.
Further is: the device also comprises a temperature sensor which is arranged in the heat conduction oil in the annular oil bath cavity and/or in the water containing cavity.
Further is: an oil inlet hole is arranged at the top of the annular oil bath cavity.
Further is: a layer of insulating material is provided on the peripheral wall of the annular hollow housing.
Further is: the water-holding cavity is characterized by further comprising a top cover, wherein the top cover can cover the top of the water-holding cavity.
Further is: the test piece fixing device is a No. 45 steel plate with the thickness of more than 3cm, a chamfer is arranged at the corner part, and the gasket is a No. 45 steel plate with the thickness of more than 1 cm.
In addition, the invention also provides a test method of the rock with the free surface under the confining pressure-temperature-water coupling effect, which adopts the test method of the invention to carry out the test and comprises the following steps:
firstly, acquiring a rock mass test block on site, selecting a region with smaller complete damage to perform cutting processing, and processing the test block into a cuboid-shaped rock test piece with a specified size, wherein the length and the width of the rock test piece are smaller than the length and the width of a corresponding fixing cavity in the test piece fixing device, and the height of the rock test piece is lower than the height of the corresponding fixing cavity in the test piece fixing device;
step two, placing a rock test piece into a fixing cavity in the test piece fixing device, enabling the rear part of the rock test piece to be close to the back side wall of the test piece fixing device, enabling the left side surface and the right side surface of the rock test piece to be in contact with gaskets in a corresponding mode, then loading the left side surface and the right side surface of the rock test piece by tightening confining pressure loading bolts, calculating a loading torque value corresponding to each confining pressure loading bolt according to confining pressure loading values required by a test in the loading process, and then carrying out confining pressure quantitative loading by adopting an electronic torque wrench or a fixed torque wrench;
step three, installing a rock test piece and a confining pressure loading system into the water containing cavity through a base bolt, and simultaneously installing a real-time observation system part;
injecting water with proper height into the water containing cavity, and at least completely submerging the rock test piece;
step five, starting an oil bath heating system to heat until the temperature of water in the water containing cavity is heated to the temperature required by the test and then maintaining;
and step six, pressing the pressurizing end of the external press on the external loading surface of the rock test piece, and controlling and loading the external loading surface of the rock test piece through the external press so as to perform a test under the confining pressure-temperature-water coupling effect.
Further is: in the fifth step, starting an oil bath heating system to heat, wherein the heating speed of water is not higher than 1 ℃/min; in the sixth step, the external pressure machine is used for controlling and loading the external loading surface of the rock test piece in a step-by-step loading mode.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the invention, the stress state of the rock on the free surface after the excavation of the underground cavity is simulated through the confining pressure loading system, and after the corresponding structure of the confining pressure loading bolt and the gasket is arranged, the quantitative loading and maintenance of the confining pressure can be realized by utilizing an electronic torque wrench or a fixed torque wrench and the like; meanwhile, the heating of the heat conduction oil is realized through an oil bath heating system, so that the water of the internal submerged rock test piece is finally heated, and the condition that the rock on the free surface is in the temperature and water immersion state is simulated. Therefore, the invention can realize the test of the rock on the free surface under the coupling action of three influencing factors of confining pressure, temperature and water; in addition, the invention can realize quantitative pressurization control by the external pressure machine through the external loading surface in the test process by reserving the free surface and the external loading surface of the rock test piece, and can realize tests under different external pressurization actions; meanwhile, a real-time observation system is arranged to observe and record the test process of the free surface in real time, so that the test result can be timely and accurately obtained. Therefore, the test device and the test method can effectively reveal the related mechanical properties of the rock with the free surface under the confining pressure-temperature-water coupling effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an overall test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a confining pressure loading system and a real-time observation system;
marked in the figure as: 1. heating the resistance wire; 2. a layer of insulating material; 3. an oil inlet hole; 4. a top cover; 5. an annular oil bath cavity; 6. a voltage-current controller; 7. loading a base; 8. a confining pressure loading bolt; 9. a gasket; 10. a rock test piece; 11. a test piece fixing device; 12. a temperature sensor; 13. a total base; 14. a protection device; 15. a camera; 16. chamfering; 17. a base bolt; 18. an annular hollow housing; 19. a water containing cavity.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
In the present invention, directional terms such as up, down, left, right, front, rear, and azimuth are used to facilitate the description of the relative positional relationship between the members, and are not meant to refer specifically to the absolute position of the relative member or the inter-member relationship, but are used only to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, and the like between the members in a specific posture, and if the specific posture is changed, the directional terms are changed accordingly. In the present invention, the terms "plurality", "a plurality" and the like refer to two or more.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the test device for the rock on the free surface under the confining pressure-temperature-water coupling effect comprises an oil bath heating system, a confining pressure loading system and a real-time observation system; the oil bath heating system comprises an annular hollow shell 18, a total base 13 and a heating device, wherein the annular hollow shell 18 is arranged on the total base 13, an annular oil bath cavity 5 is formed in the shell of the annular hollow shell 18, heat conduction oil is formed in the annular oil bath cavity 5, the heating device is used for heating the heat conduction oil, a water containing cavity 19 is formed in the middle of the annular hollow shell 18, water is arranged in the water containing cavity 19, and a confining pressure loading system is arranged on the total base 13 corresponding to the bottom of the water containing cavity 19; the confining pressure loading system comprises a loading base 7, a test piece fixing device 11, a gasket 9 and confining pressure loading bolts 8, wherein the loading base 7 is arranged on a general base 13, the test piece fixing device 11 is arranged on the loading base 7 and forms a fixing cavity of which the front side and the rear top side are of an open semi-closed structure and used for fixing and placing a rock test piece 10, the front side of the test piece fixing device 11 forms a free surface after fixing the rock test piece 10, the top side of the test piece fixing device 11 forms an external loading surface after fixing the rock test piece 10, a plurality of confining pressure loading bolts 8 are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the test piece fixing device 11, the confining pressure loading bolts 8 extend out of the internal fixing cavity after penetrating through corresponding side walls of the test piece fixing device 11, a gasket 9 is respectively arranged on the inner sides of the fixing cavities on the left side and the right side of the test piece fixing device 11 in a pad mode, the gasket 9 is in contact fit with the end parts of the confining pressure loading bolts 8 on the corresponding sides, and the gasket 9 can be moved into the fixing cavity by screwing the confining pressure loading bolts 8; the real-time observation system comprises a protection device 14 and a camera 15, wherein the protection device 14 is arranged in front of the front side surface of the test piece fixing device 11 and isolates a camera installation area in the water containing cavity 19, the camera 15 is installed in the camera installation area and is arranged right opposite to the direction of the empty face, and the protection device 14 is made of transparent materials.
Wherein the confining pressure loading system is used for pre-loading the confining pressure of the rock test piece 10 so that the rock test piece 10 is in a confining pressure state with a preset amount in the test process; specifically, the invention is provided with a corresponding loading base 7, a test piece fixing device 11, a gasket 9, a confining pressure loading bolt 8 and the like; the test piece fixing device 11 can be made into a C-shaped structure according to the structure shown in the drawings, and has a structure form of a back side wall and a left side wall and a right side wall, wherein a confining pressure loading bolt 8 is respectively arranged on the left side and the right side, the confining pressure loading bolt 8 can be in threaded fit with the side wall on the corresponding side, thus the movement control of the gasket 9 can be realized by screwing the confining pressure loading bolt 8, and further confining pressure loading of the rock test piece 10 can be realized after the gasket 9 is extruded. In addition, in the process of installing the rock test piece 10, the rock test piece 10 is tightly matched with the back side wall of the test piece fixing device 11, and then the rock test piece 10 can be deformed to a certain extent only by the preloading of the confining pressure loading bolts 8 on two sides, so that a corresponding confining pressure effect can be naturally generated between the rock test piece 10 and the back side wall of the test piece fixing device 11.
More specifically, in order to ensure that the specimen holder 11 and the shim 9 do not deform greatly during the preloading of the confining pressure to affect the loading effect, the specimen holder 11 is preferably provided with a 45-gauge steel plate having a thickness of 3cm or more, and the corner portion is provided with a chamfer 16, while the shim 9 is preferably provided with a 45-gauge steel plate having a thickness of 1cm or more. In addition, in order to ensure the uniformity of the load applied to each pad 9, in the present invention, it is preferable that not less than five confining pressure loading bolts 8 are provided on the left and right sides of the specimen fixing device 11, respectively, which are uniformly distributed.
More specifically, in order to ensure quantitative confining pressure preloading by the confining pressure loading bolt 8, the invention is further provided with an electronic torque wrench or a fixed torque wrench for tightening the confining pressure loading bolt 8 to perform quantitative loading; therefore, when the confining pressure loading is carried out, the corresponding loading torque value of each confining pressure loading bolt 8 can be calculated according to the confining pressure loading value required by the test, and then the confining pressure quantitative loading is carried out by adopting an electronic torque wrench or a fixed torque wrench.
More specifically, the external loading surface with the top surface is reserved on the test piece fixing device 11, so that in the test process, the controllable loading in the test process can be performed on the external loading surface of the rock test piece 10 by pressing the pressurizing end of the external press through the corresponding external press, the loading pressure can be further conveniently controlled at any time in the subsequent test process through the loading, and the test under the loading pressure of different external presses can be further carried out.
The oil bath heating system is used for heating the internal water, and the simulation test is performed under the condition that the rock test piece 10 is in the presence of temperature and water. The heating device comprises a heating resistance wire 1 and a voltage-current controller 6, wherein the heating resistance wire 1 is arranged in an annular oil bath cavity 5, and the heating resistance wire 1 is connected with the voltage-current controller 6 through a wire; therefore, the heating control of the heat conduction oil of the annular oil bath cavity 5 can be realized through the voltage and current controller 6, and then the heat is transferred to the water in the water containing cavity 19 through the side wall of the annular hollow shell 18, so that the heating treatment of the water is realized.
In addition, in order to facilitate the addition and release of the heat transfer oil and avoid the safety problem caused by excessive internal air pressure in the heating process, the top of the annular oil bath cavity 5 can be provided with an oil inlet hole 3.
In order to avoid the potential safety hazard caused by the excessive temperature of the outer peripheral wall surface of the entire annular hollow housing 18 after heating, the heat insulating material layer 2 may be further provided on the outer peripheral wall of the annular hollow housing 18 in the present invention.
In addition, in order to facilitate the improvement of the heating effect in the process of heating the water inside, the invention can be further provided with a top cover 4, wherein the top cover 4 can cover the top of the water containing cavity 19; thus, the top cover 4 can be covered during the heating process, and after the heating process is completed to a set temperature, the top cover 4 is opened for subsequent tests. In addition, in the case of providing the top cover 4, in order to avoid the safety hazard of the top surface of the top cover 4 having too high a temperature after heating, a layer of heat insulating material 2 may be provided on top of the top cover 4 in the present invention.
In addition, in order to obtain the heated temperature condition in real time in the heating process, the invention can be provided with a temperature sensor 12, and the temperature sensor 12 can be arranged in the heat conduction oil in the annular oil bath cavity 5 or in the water containing cavity 19, or simultaneously, the temperature sensors 12 are respectively arranged in the heat conduction oil in the annular oil bath cavity 5 and the water in the water containing cavity 19.
In addition, the test method of the rock on the free surface under the confining pressure-temperature-water coupling effect, which is disclosed by the invention, is adopted, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, acquiring a rock mass test block on site, selecting a region with smaller complete damage, cutting and processing the rock mass test block into a cuboid-shaped rock test piece 10 with a specified size, wherein the length and the width of the rock test piece 10 are smaller than the length and the width of a corresponding fixing cavity in the test piece fixing device 11, and the height of the rock test piece 10 is lower than the height of the corresponding fixing cavity in the test piece fixing device 11; the height of the rock test piece 10 is lower than the height of about 5mm corresponding to the internal fixing cavity of the test piece fixing device 11, which is generally preferable; through the arrangement, the whole rock test piece 10 can be completely placed into the test piece fixing device 11, and meanwhile, the pressurizing end of a subsequent external press is convenient to contact and pressurize with the external loading surface of the rock test piece 10;
step two, placing a rock test piece 10 into a fixing cavity in a test piece fixing device 11, enabling the rear part of the rock test piece 10 to abut against the back side wall of the test piece fixing device 11, enabling the left side surface and the right side surface of the rock test piece 10 to be in contact with gaskets 9 correspondingly, then loading the left side surface and the right side surface of the rock test piece 10 by screwing down confining pressure loading bolts 8, calculating corresponding loading torque values of each confining pressure loading bolt 8 according to confining pressure loading values required by a test in the loading process, and then carrying out confining pressure quantitative loading by adopting an electronic torque wrench or a fixed torque wrench; the pad 9 is preferably set to be not smaller than the corresponding side surface of the rock test piece 10, so that the pad and the rock test piece 10 can be ensured to be fully covered on the side surface of the rock test piece 10 as much as possible when being attached, and further, the corresponding side surface of the rock test piece 10 can be fully and uniformly subjected to confining pressure residual loading in the confining pressure loading process; specifically, the size of the spacer 9 may be set to be consistent with the corresponding side of the test piece fixing device 11, for example, the spacer 9 is set to be 5mm higher than the height of the rock test piece 10, and the width of the spacer 9 is consistent with the width of the rock test piece 10;
step three, the rock test piece 10 and the confining pressure loading system are installed into the water containing cavity 19 through the base bolt 17, and meanwhile, a real-time observation system part is installed, and the water and heat insulation protection of the camera 15 is achieved through the installation of the protection device 14 in the real-time observation system; correspondingly, the camera 15 can also adopt a high-temperature-resistant camera with waterproofness so as to ensure the normal operation of the camera 15 in the test process;
step four, injecting water with proper height into the water containing cavity 19, and at least completely submerging the rock test piece 10;
step five, starting an oil bath heating system to heat until the temperature of water in the water containing cavity 19 is heated to the temperature required by the test and then maintaining; if the top cover 4 is provided, the top cover 4 may be capped in this step and then the heating operation may be performed to ensure the heating effect; and after heating to the temperature required by the test, opening the top cover 4; of course, without loss of generality, when heating to the temperature required for the test, the position is required to carry out the subsequent test in this temperature state, and specifically, the temperature can be maintained by adjusting the voltage-current controller 6. Of course, since the test is performed under the condition of maintaining the temperature in the present invention, the temperature of the heat conducting oil and the temperature of the water are substantially the same in the process of maintaining the temperature, so that when the temperature sensor 12 is disposed in the water containing cavity 19, the corresponding heated temperature condition can be directly obtained by the indication of the temperature sensor 12; of course, if the temperature sensor 12 is disposed in the heat-conducting oil, the temperature of the water can be indirectly obtained by obtaining the temperature of the heat-conducting oil;
and step six, pressing the pressurizing end of the external press on the external loading surface of the rock test piece 10, and controlling and loading the external loading surface of the rock test piece 10 by the external press so as to perform a test under the confining pressure-temperature-water coupling effect.
More specifically, in order to ensure stability during heating, the invention is preferably arranged in the fifth step, wherein the heating speed of water is not higher than 1 ℃/min during starting the oil bath heating system for heating. This ensures a slow temperature rise and thus avoids damage to the rock specimen 10 caused by rapid temperature changes.
More specifically, in the sixth step, the external press may perform the controlled loading on the external loading surface of the rock test piece 10 in a step-by-step loading manner. Thus, test results under the external loading conditions of different levels can be obtained in a step-by-step loading mode.
Claims (10)
1. The test device of the rock on the free face under the confining pressure-temperature-water coupling effect is characterized in that: the system comprises an oil bath heating system, a confining pressure loading system and a real-time observation system; the oil bath heating system comprises an annular hollow shell (18), a total base (13) and a heating device, wherein the annular hollow shell (18) is arranged on the total base (13), an annular oil bath cavity (5) is formed in the shell of the annular hollow shell (18), heat conduction oil is arranged in the annular oil bath cavity (5), the heating device is used for heating the heat conduction oil, a water containing cavity (19) is formed in the middle of the annular hollow shell (18), water is arranged in the water containing cavity (19), and a confining pressure loading system is arranged on the total base (13) corresponding to the bottom of the water containing cavity (19); the confining pressure loading system comprises a loading base (7), a test piece fixing device (11), a gasket (9) and confining pressure loading bolts (8), wherein the loading base (7) is arranged on a total base (13), the test piece fixing device (11) is arranged on the loading base (7) and forms a fixing cavity which is of a semi-closed structure with an open front side and a rear top side and is used for fixedly placing a rock test piece (10), the front side of the test piece fixing device (11) forms a temporary surface after fixing the rock test piece (10), the top side of the test piece fixing device (11) forms an external loading surface after fixing the rock test piece (10), a plurality of confining pressure loading bolts (8) are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the test piece fixing device (11), the confining pressure loading bolts (8) extend into the internal fixing cavity after penetrating through corresponding side walls of the test piece fixing device (11), the gasket (9) is respectively arranged on the inner sides of the fixing cavities of the left side and the right side and the gasket (9) is in contact fit with the end parts of the corresponding side of the confining pressure loading bolts (8), and the confining pressure loading bolts (8) can be moved to the internal confining pressure loading bolts (9) by screwing; the real-time observation system comprises a protection device (14) and a camera (15), wherein the protection device (14) is arranged in front of the front side surface of the test piece fixing device (11) and isolates a camera installation area in a water containing cavity (19), the camera (15) is installed in the camera installation area and is right opposite to the direction of the empty face, and the protection device (14) is made of transparent materials.
2. The apparatus for testing the rock on the free surface under the action of confining pressure-temperature-water coupling as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises an external loading press, wherein the external loading press acts on an external loading surface to load; the device also comprises an electronic torque wrench or a fixed torque wrench for tightening the confining pressure loading bolt (8) for loading; the left side and the right side of the test piece fixing device (11) are respectively provided with at least five confining pressure loading bolts (8) which are uniformly distributed.
3. The apparatus for testing the rock on the free surface under the action of confining pressure-temperature-water coupling as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the heating device comprises a heating resistance wire (1) and a voltage-current controller (6), wherein the heating resistance wire (1) is arranged in the annular oil bath cavity (5), and the heating resistance wire (1) is connected with the voltage-current controller (6) through a wire.
4. The apparatus for testing the rock on the free surface under the action of confining pressure-temperature-water coupling as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a temperature sensor (12), wherein the temperature sensor (12) is arranged in heat conduction oil in the annular oil bath cavity (5) and/or in water in the water containing cavity (19).
5. The apparatus for testing the rock on the free surface under the action of confining pressure-temperature-water coupling as claimed in claim 1, wherein: an oil inlet hole (3) is arranged at the top of the annular oil bath cavity (5).
6. The apparatus for testing the rock on the free surface under the action of confining pressure-temperature-water coupling as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a heat insulating material layer (2) is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the annular hollow casing (18).
7. The apparatus for testing the rock on the free surface under the action of confining pressure-temperature-water coupling as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the water-holding cavity (19) is characterized by further comprising a top cover (4), wherein the top cover (4) can cover the top of the water-holding cavity (19).
8. The apparatus for testing the rock on the free surface under the action of confining pressure-temperature-water coupling as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the test piece fixing device (11) is a No. 45 steel plate with the thickness of more than 3cm, a chamfer (16) is arranged at a corner part, and the gasket (9) is a No. 45 steel plate with the thickness of more than 1 cm.
9. The test method of the rock on the free surface under the confining pressure-temperature-water coupling effect is characterized by comprising the following steps: the test device for the rock with the free surface under the confining pressure-temperature-water coupling effect according to any one of the claims 1 to 8 comprises the following steps:
firstly, acquiring a rock mass test block on site, selecting a region with smaller complete damage, cutting and processing the rock mass test block into a cuboid-shaped rock test piece (10) with a specified size, wherein the length and the width of the rock test piece (10) are smaller than the length and the width of a corresponding fixing cavity in a test piece fixing device (11), and the height of the rock test piece (10) is lower than the height of the corresponding fixing cavity in the test piece fixing device (11);
step two, placing a rock test piece (10) into a fixing cavity in a test piece fixing device (11), enabling the rear part of the rock test piece (10) to abut against the back side wall of the test piece fixing device (11), enabling the left side surface and the right side surface of the rock test piece (10) to be in contact with gaskets (9) correspondingly, then loading the left side surface and the right side surface of the rock test piece (10) by tightening confining pressure loading bolts (8), calculating corresponding loading torque values of each confining pressure loading bolt (8) according to confining pressure loading values required by a test in the loading process, and then carrying out confining pressure quantitative loading by adopting an electronic torque wrench or a fixed torque wrench;
step three, the rock test piece (10) and the confining pressure loading system are installed in the water containing cavity (19) through the base bolt (17) together, and meanwhile, a real-time observation system part is installed;
injecting water with proper height into the water containing cavity (19) and at least completely submerging the rock test piece (10);
step five, starting an oil bath heating system to heat until the temperature of water in the water containing cavity (19) is heated to the temperature required by the test and then maintaining;
and step six, pressing the pressurizing end of the external press on the external loading surface of the rock test piece (10), and controlling and loading the external loading surface of the rock test piece (10) through the external press so as to perform a test under the confining pressure-temperature-water coupling effect.
10. The method for testing the rock on the free surface under the action of confining pressure-temperature-water coupling as claimed in claim 9, wherein:
in the fifth step, starting an oil bath heating system to heat, wherein the heating speed of water is not higher than 1 ℃/min;
in the sixth step, the external pressure machine is used for controlling and loading the external loading surface of the rock test piece (10) in a step-by-step loading mode.
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