CN113776926A - Testing device and method for rock on face of empty surface under confining pressure-temperature-water coupling effect - Google Patents
Testing device and method for rock on face of empty surface under confining pressure-temperature-water coupling effect Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
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- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device of a rock on an empty face under the confining pressure-temperature-water coupling effect, belonging to the field of underground rock engineering mechanics; the test device comprises an oil bath heating system, a confining pressure loading system and a real-time observation system. According to the invention, the stress state of the rock on the face of the empty face after the underground cavern is excavated is simulated through the confining pressure loading system, and after the corresponding structures of the confining pressure loading bolt and the gasket are arranged, the quantitative loading and maintaining of the confining pressure can be realized by using an electronic torque wrench or a fixed torque wrench and the like; meanwhile, the heat conducting oil is heated through the oil bath heating system, so that the water which submerges the rock mass test piece inside is finally heated, and the state that the rock facing the empty surface is at the temperature and in the water immersion state is simulated. Therefore, the test method can realize the test of the rock facing the empty face under the coupling action of three influencing factors of confining pressure, temperature and water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of underground rock engineering mechanics, in particular to a test device and a test method for rock on an empty surface under the confining pressure-temperature-water coupling action.
Background
The loose deformation and block stability analysis of the rock on the face of the cavity after the underground cavern is excavated become the focus of engineering attention. The previous research is more focused on the research on the conventional single-axis or three-axis mechanical properties of a complete rock test piece, the special stress state of the rock on the face of the cavity after the cavity is excavated is not considered (only the face of the cavity is a free face, and the rest faces are still subjected to confining pressure), and the mechanical properties of the rock are different from those of the conventional indoor test. The limitation of the previous test is mainly embodied in that no confining pressure loading device can be used for simulating the stress state of the rock facing the empty surface.
With the development of the underground engineering field towards the deep, the coupling phenomenon between the high ground temperature and the underground water is more and more obvious. The existing research shows that the brittle rock has obvious temperature effect, the high temperature can play an important role in the deterioration of the mechanical property of the rock, and the deterioration of the water to the rock is also not negligible. However, in the past, the mechanical properties of high-temperature rock samples under uniaxial or triaxial loading are mostly tested, and the mechanical properties of the rock on the face surface under the combined action of confining pressure, high temperature and water are not considered. For deep caverns, the deformation and the damage of the face rock are important bases for adopting related support measures and improving the construction process, so that the research of the face rock under the coupling action of confining pressure, temperature and water is particularly urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test device for rock on the face of the sky under the coupling action of confining pressure, temperature and water.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the test device of the rock on the face of the air under the coupling action of confining pressure-temperature-water comprises an oil bath heating system, a confining pressure loading system and a real-time observation system; the oil bath heating system comprises an annular hollow shell, a main base and a heating device, wherein the annular hollow shell is arranged on the main base, an annular oil bath cavity is arranged in a shell of the annular hollow shell, heat conducting oil is arranged in the annular oil bath cavity, the heating device is used for heating the heat conducting oil, a water containing cavity is arranged in the middle of the annular hollow shell, water is arranged in the water containing cavity, and a confining pressure loading system is arranged on the main base corresponding to the bottom of the water containing cavity; the confining pressure loading system comprises a loading base, a test piece fixing device, a gasket and a confining pressure loading bolt, wherein the loading base is arranged on the main base, the test piece fixing device is arranged on the loading base and forms a fixing cavity for fixedly placing the rock test piece, the front side surface and the rear top side surface of the fixing cavity are of an open semi-closed structure, wherein the front side surface of the test piece fixing device forms an empty surface after the rock test piece is fixed, the top side surface of the test piece fixing device forms an external loading surface after the rock test piece is fixed, a plurality of confining pressure loading bolts are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the test piece fixing device, the confining pressure loading bolts extend out of the inner fixing cavity after penetrating through the corresponding side walls of the test piece fixing device, the inner sides of the left and right fixed cavities of the test piece fixing device are respectively provided with a gasket in a cushioning manner, the gaskets are in contact fit with the end parts of the confining pressure loading bolts on the corresponding sides, and the gaskets can move towards the inner parts of the fixed cavities by screwing the confining pressure loading bolts; the real-time observation system comprises a protection device and a camera, wherein the protection device is arranged in front of the front side surface of the test piece fixing device and isolates a camera mounting area in the water containing cavity, the camera is mounted in the camera mounting area and is right opposite to the direction of the free surface, and the protection device is made of a transparent material.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the device also comprises an external loading press, wherein the external loading press acts on an external loading surface to load; the device also comprises an electronic torque wrench or a fixed torque wrench for tightening the confining pressure loading bolt for loading; and at least five uniformly distributed confining pressure loading bolts are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the test piece fixing device.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the heating device comprises a heating resistance wire and a voltage and current controller, the heating resistance wire is arranged in the annular oil bath cavity, and the heating resistance wire is connected with the voltage and current controller through a lead.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the oil bath device is characterized by further comprising a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is arranged in the heat conduction oil in the annular oil bath cavity and/or in the water containing cavity.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: and an oil inlet hole is formed in the top of the annular oil bath cavity.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: and a heat insulation material layer is arranged on the peripheral wall of the annular hollow shell.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the water container also comprises a top cover which can cover the top of the water containing cavity.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the specimen fixing device is a No. 45 steel plate with the thickness of more than 3cm, a chamfer is arranged at the corner part, and the gasket is a No. 45 steel plate with the thickness of more than 1 cm.
In addition, the invention also provides a test method of the rock on the face of the vacancy under the coupling action of confining pressure, temperature and water, and the test method comprises the following steps:
firstly, obtaining a rock test block on site, selecting a region with smaller complete damage for cutting processing, and processing the test block into a cuboid rock test block with a specified size, wherein the length and the width of the rock test block are both smaller than the length and the width corresponding to a fixed cavity in a test block fixing device, and the height of the rock test block is lower than the height corresponding to the fixed cavity in the test block fixing device;
secondly, placing the rock test piece into a fixing cavity in the test piece fixing device, enabling the rear part of the rock test piece to abut against the back side wall of the test piece fixing device, enabling the left side surface and the right side surface of the rock test piece to be correspondingly attached to and contacted with the gasket respectively, then loading the left side surface and the right side surface of the rock test piece by screwing the confining pressure loading bolts, calculating a corresponding loading torque value of each confining pressure loading bolt according to a confining pressure loading value required by a test in the loading process, and then carrying out confining pressure quantitative loading by adopting an electronic torque wrench or a fixed torque wrench;
thirdly, mounting the rock test piece and the confining pressure loading system into the water containing cavity through the base bolt, and simultaneously mounting a real-time observation system part;
step four, injecting water with proper height into the water containing cavity, and at least completely submerging the rock test piece;
step five, starting the oil bath heating system for heating until the temperature of the water in the water containing cavity is heated to the temperature required by the test and then maintaining the temperature;
and step six, pressing the pressurizing end of the external press machine on the external loading surface of the rock test piece, and carrying out controlled loading on the external loading surface of the rock test piece through the external press machine so as to carry out the test under the confining pressure-temperature-water coupling action.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: in the fifth step, starting the oil bath heating system to heat, wherein the temperature rise speed of water is not higher than 1 ℃/min; and in the sixth step, the external press machine controls and loads the external loading surface of the rock test piece in a step-by-step loading mode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the stress state of the rock on the face of the empty face after the underground cavern is excavated is simulated through the confining pressure loading system, and after the corresponding structures of the confining pressure loading bolt and the gasket are arranged, the quantitative loading and maintaining of the confining pressure can be realized by using an electronic torque wrench or a fixed torque wrench and the like; meanwhile, the heat conducting oil is heated through the oil bath heating system, so that the water which submerges the rock mass test piece inside is finally heated, and the state that the rock facing the empty surface is at the temperature and in the water immersion state is simulated. Therefore, the test of the rock facing the empty surface under the coupling action of three influence factors of confining pressure, temperature and water can be realized; in addition, the invention can also realize quantitative pressurization control by an external press machine through the external loading surface in the test process by reserving the face surface and the external loading surface of the rock test piece, and can realize tests under different external pressurization effects; meanwhile, the real-time observation system can be arranged to observe and record the test process of the face in real time, so that the test result can be timely and accurately obtained. Therefore, the testing device and the method can effectively reveal the relevant mechanical properties of the rock on the face under the confining pressure-temperature-water coupling action.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a confining pressure loading system and a real-time observation system;
labeled as: 1. heating resistance wires; 2. a layer of thermal insulation material; 3. an oil inlet hole; 4. a top cover; 5. an annular oil bath cavity; 6. a voltage current controller; 7. loading a base; 8. a confining pressure loading bolt; 9. a gasket; 10. a rock test piece; 11. a test piece fixing device; 12. a temperature sensor; 13. a main base; 14. a protection device; 15. a camera; 16. chamfering; 17. a base bolt; 18. an annular hollow housing; 19. a water containing cavity.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
It should be noted that, if there are directional indication terms, such as the terms of direction and orientation, above, below, left, right, front and back, in the present invention, for facilitating the description of the relative positional relationship between the components, the absolute position that is not the positional relationship between the related components and the components is specifically referred to, and is only used for explaining the relative positional relationship and the motion situation between the components in a specific posture, and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indication is changed accordingly. When the present invention relates to a number, such as "a plurality", "several", etc., two or more than two are specifically referred to.
As shown in the figures 1 and 2, the test device of the face rock under the confining pressure-temperature-water coupling effect comprises an oil bath heating system, a confining pressure loading system and a real-time observation system; the oil bath heating system comprises an annular hollow shell 18, a main base 13 and a heating device, wherein the annular hollow shell 18 is installed on the main base 13, an annular oil bath cavity 5 is arranged in a shell of the annular hollow shell 18, heat conducting oil is arranged in the annular oil bath cavity 5, the heating device is used for heating the heat conducting oil, a water containing cavity 19 is arranged in the middle of the annular hollow shell 18, water is arranged in the water containing cavity 19, and a confining pressure loading system is arranged on the main base 13 corresponding to the bottom of the water containing cavity 19; the confining pressure loading system comprises a loading base 7, a test piece fixing device 11, gaskets 9 and confining pressure loading bolts 8, wherein the loading base 7 is installed on a general base 13, the test piece fixing device 11 is installed on the loading base 7 and forms a fixing cavity for fixedly placing a rock test piece 10, the front side surface and the rear top side surface of the fixing cavity are of an open semi-closed structure, the front side surface of the test piece fixing device 11 forms a free surface after the rock test piece 10 is fixed, the top side surface of the test piece fixing device 11 forms an external loading surface after the rock test piece 10 is fixed, a plurality of confining pressure loading bolts 8 are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the test piece fixing device 11, the confining pressure loading bolts 8 extend out of an internal fixing cavity after penetrating through corresponding side walls of the test piece fixing device 11, the gaskets 9 are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the fixing cavities on the left side and the right side of the test piece fixing device 11 in a cushioning manner, the gaskets 9 are in contact fit with the end portions of the confining pressure loading bolts 8 on the corresponding sides, the gasket 9 can move towards the inside of the fixed cavity by screwing the confining pressure loading bolt 8; the real-time observation system comprises a protection device 14 and a camera 15, wherein the protection device 14 is arranged in front of the front side surface of the test piece fixing device 11 and isolates a camera mounting area in the water containing cavity 19, the camera 15 is mounted in the camera mounting area and is just opposite to the direction of the free surface, and the protection device 14 is made of a transparent material.
The confining pressure loading system is used for preloading confining pressure of the rock test piece 10, so that the rock test piece 10 in the test process is in a predetermined amount of confining pressure state; specifically, the invention is provided with a corresponding loading base 7, a test piece fixing device 11, a gasket 9, a confining pressure loading bolt 8 and the like; the test piece fixing device 11 can be made into a C-shaped structure with reference to the drawing, and has a structural form of a back side wall and a left side wall and a right side wall, wherein confining pressure loading bolts 8 are respectively installed and arranged on the left side and the right side, the confining pressure loading bolts 8 can be in threaded fit with the side walls of the corresponding sides, so that the movement control of the gasket 9 can be realized by screwing the confining pressure loading bolts 8, and further the confining pressure loading on the rock test piece 10 can be realized after the gasket 9 is extruded. In addition, in the process of installing the rock test piece 10, the rock test piece 10 is in close fit with the back side wall of the test piece fixing device 11, and then the rock test piece 10 can generate certain deformation only by preloading of the confining pressure loading bolts 8 on the two sides, so that a corresponding confining pressure effect can be naturally generated between the rock test piece 10 and the back side wall of the test piece fixing device 11.
More specifically, in order to ensure that the specimen fixing device 11 and the shim 9 are not greatly deformed during the preloading of the confining pressure to affect the loading effect, the specimen fixing device 11 is preferably provided in the present invention by using a 45-gauge steel plate with a thickness of 3cm or more, and the chamfer 16 is provided at the corner part, and the shim 9 is preferably a 45-gauge steel plate with a thickness of 1cm or more. In addition, in order to ensure the stress uniformity of the loading on each gasket 9, not less than five confining pressure loading bolts 8 which are uniformly distributed are preferably arranged on the left side and the right side of the test piece fixing device 11 respectively.
More specifically, in the present invention, in order to ensure quantitative confining pressure preloading by the confining pressure loading bolt 8, an electronic torque wrench or a fixed torque wrench for tightening the confining pressure loading bolt 8 for quantitative loading is further provided; therefore, when confining pressure loading is carried out, a loading torque value corresponding to each confining pressure loading bolt 8 can be calculated according to a confining pressure loading value required by a test, and then an electronic torque wrench or a fixed torque wrench is adopted for conducting confining pressure quantitative loading.
More specifically, in the invention, the external loading surface with the top surface is reserved on the test piece fixing device 11, so that the external loading surface is pressed on the external loading surface of the rock test piece 10 by the pressurizing end of the external press through a corresponding external press in the test process, the controllable loading in the test process is carried out, the loading pressure can be further conveniently controlled at any time in the subsequent test process through the loading, and further the tests under different external press loading pressures can be carried out.
Wherein, the oil bath heating system is for being used for carrying on the structure to the heating of inside water, and then the analogue test is that rock test piece 10 is in to go on under the condition that has the temperature and the water logging. The heating device comprises a heating resistance wire 1 and a voltage and current controller 6, wherein the heating resistance wire 1 is arranged in an annular oil bath cavity 5, and the heating resistance wire 1 is connected with the voltage and current controller 6 through a lead; thus, the heating control of the heat conducting oil of the annular oil bath cavity 5 can be realized through the voltage and current controller 6, and then the heat is transferred to the water in the water containing cavity 19 through the side wall of the annular hollow shell 18, so that the heating treatment of the water is realized.
In addition, in order to facilitate the addition and discharge of heat conduction oil and avoid safety problems caused by overlarge internal air pressure in the heating process, the oil inlet hole 3 can be arranged at the top of the annular oil bath cavity 5.
In addition, in order to avoid the safety hazard caused by the excessive temperature of the outer peripheral wall surface of the entire annular hollow casing 18 after heating, the present invention may further include a heat insulating material layer 2 provided on the outer peripheral wall of the annular hollow casing 18.
In addition, in order to improve the heating effect in the process of heating the water inside, the invention can also be provided with a top cover 4, and the top cover 4 can cover the top of the water containing cavity 19; thus, the top cover 4 can be covered firstly in the heating process, and after the top cover 4 is opened after the top cover is heated to the set temperature, the subsequent test can be carried out. In addition, in the case of providing the top cover 4, in order to avoid the safety hazard caused by the excessive temperature of the top surface of the top cover 4 after heating, the invention can also provide a layer of heat insulating material 2 on the top of the top cover 4.
In addition, in order to obtain the temperature condition after heating in real time in the heating process, the temperature sensor 12 can be further arranged, and the temperature sensor 12 can be arranged in the heat conduction oil in the annular oil bath cavity 5 or in the water containing cavity 19, or the temperature sensors 12 can be arranged in the heat conduction oil in the annular oil bath cavity 5 and in the water containing cavity 19 at the same time.
In addition, the test method of the rock near the empty surface under the coupling action of the confining pressure, the temperature and the water, namely the test device of the rock near the empty surface under the coupling action of the confining pressure, the temperature and the water, provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:
firstly, obtaining a rock test block on site, selecting a complete area with smaller damage for cutting processing, and processing the test block into a cuboid rock test piece 10 with a specified size, wherein the length and the width of the rock test piece 10 are both smaller than the length and the width corresponding to a fixed cavity in a test piece fixing device 11, and the height of the rock test piece 10 is lower than the height corresponding to the fixed cavity in the test piece fixing device 11; the height of the rock test piece 10 is preferably about 5mm lower than the corresponding height of the fixing cavity in the test piece fixing device 11; through the arrangement, the whole rock test piece 10 can be completely placed in the test piece fixing device 11, and meanwhile, the pressurizing end of a subsequent external press is convenient to contact and pressurize with the external loading surface of the rock test piece 10;
secondly, placing the rock test piece 10 into a fixing cavity in the test piece fixing device 11, enabling the rear part of the rock test piece 10 to abut against the back side wall of the test piece fixing device 11, enabling the left side surface and the right side surface of the rock test piece 10 to be correspondingly contacted with the gasket 9 respectively, then loading the left side surface and the right side surface of the rock test piece 10 by screwing the confining pressure loading bolts 8, calculating a corresponding loading torque value of each confining pressure loading bolt 8 according to a confining pressure loading value required by a test in the loading process, and then carrying out confining pressure quantitative loading by adopting an electronic torque wrench or a fixed torque wrench; the gasket 9 is preferably set to be not smaller than the corresponding side of the rock test piece 10, so that the side of the rock test piece 10 can be covered as fully as possible when the gasket and the rock test piece are attached to each other, and further, the corresponding side of the rock test piece 10 can be loaded with full and uniform confining pressure residual in the confining pressure loading process; specifically, the size of the gasket 9 can be set to be consistent with that of the corresponding side surface of the test piece fixing device 11, for example, the gasket 9 is set to be 5mm higher than the height of the rock test piece 10, and the width of the gasket 9 is set to be consistent with that of the rock test piece 10;
thirdly, mounting the rock test piece 10 and the confining pressure loading system into a water containing cavity 19 through a base bolt 17, and simultaneously mounting a real-time observation system part, wherein the real-time observation system plays a role in water and temperature insulation protection for a camera 15 through mounting a protection device 14; correspondingly, the camera 15 can also adopt a waterproof high-temperature-resistant camera to ensure the normal operation of the camera 15 in the test process;
step four, injecting water with a proper height into the water containing cavity 19, and at least completely submerging the rock test piece 10;
step five, starting the oil bath heating system for heating until the temperature of the water in the water containing cavity 19 is heated to the temperature required by the test and then maintaining the temperature; wherein, if the top cover 4 is arranged, the heating operation can be carried out after the top cover 4 is covered in the step so as to ensure the heating effect; and the top cover 4 is opened after the temperature required by the test is heated; of course, without loss of generality, when the temperature is heated to the temperature required by the test, the subsequent test is carried out at the required position in the temperature state, and particularly, the temperature can be maintained by adjusting the voltage and current controller 6. Of course, since the present invention is a test that needs to be performed under the condition of maintaining the temperature, the temperature of the heat conducting oil and the temperature of the water are substantially the same in the process of maintaining the temperature, and therefore, when the temperature sensor 12 is disposed in the water containing cavity 19, the corresponding temperature condition after heating can be directly obtained through the indication of the temperature sensor 12; of course, if the temperature sensor 12 is disposed in the heat transfer oil, the temperature of the heat transfer oil can be obtained, and then the temperature condition of the water can be indirectly obtained;
and step six, pressing the pressurizing end of the external press machine on the external loading surface of the rock test piece 10, and carrying out controlled loading on the external loading surface of the rock test piece 10 through the external press machine so as to carry out the test under the confining pressure-temperature-water coupling effect.
More specifically, in the present invention, in order to ensure stability during heating, it is preferable that in the fifth step, the temperature rise rate of water during heating by starting the oil bath heating system is not higher than 1 ℃/min. This ensures that the temperature can be raised slowly, thereby avoiding damage to the rock test piece 10 caused by rapid changes in temperature.
More specifically, in the sixth step, the external press may control the external loading surface of the rock test piece 10 to be loaded in a step-by-step loading manner. Therefore, test results under the external loading condition of different levels can be obtained in a step-by-step loading mode.
Claims (10)
1. Face test device of empty face rock under confined pressure-temperature-water coupling effect, its characterized in that: the system comprises an oil bath heating system, a confining pressure loading system and a real-time observation system; the oil bath heating system comprises an annular hollow shell (18), a main base (13) and a heating device, wherein the annular hollow shell (18) is installed on the main base (13), an annular oil bath cavity (5) is arranged in a shell of the annular hollow shell (18), heat conducting oil is arranged in the annular oil bath cavity (5), the heating device is used for heating the heat conducting oil, a water containing cavity (19) is arranged in the middle of the annular hollow shell (18), water is arranged in the water containing cavity (19), and a confining pressure loading system is arranged on the main base (13) corresponding to the bottom of the water containing cavity (19); the confining pressure loading system comprises a loading base (7), a test piece fixing device (11), gaskets (9) and confining pressure loading bolts (8), wherein the loading base (7) is installed on a main base (13), the test piece fixing device (11) is installed on the loading base (7) and forms a fixing cavity for fixing and placing the rock test piece (10), the front side surface and the rear top side surface of the front side surface of the fixing device (11) are of an open semi-closed structure, a free surface is formed behind the fixed rock test piece (10), the top side surface of the test piece fixing device (11) forms an external loading surface behind the fixed rock test piece (10), the left side and the right side of the test piece fixing device (11) are respectively provided with a plurality of confining pressure loading bolts (8), the confining pressure loading bolts (8) extend out to the internal fixing cavity after penetrating through corresponding side walls of the test piece fixing device (11), and the gaskets (9) are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the fixing cavities on the left side and the right side of the test piece fixing device (11) ) The gasket (9) is in contact fit with the end part of the confining pressure loading bolt (8) on the corresponding side, and the gasket (9) can move towards the inside of the fixed cavity by screwing the confining pressure loading bolt (8); the real-time observation system comprises a protection device (14) and a camera (15), wherein the protection device (14) is arranged in front of the front side face of the test piece fixing device (11) and a camera mounting area is isolated in a water containing cavity (19), the camera (15) is mounted in the camera mounting area, and the camera is right opposite to the direction of the free face, and the protection device (14) is made of a transparent material.
2. The test device for testing the rock face of claim 1 under the action of confining pressure-temperature-water coupling, which is characterized in that: the device also comprises an external loading press, wherein the external loading press acts on an external loading surface to load; the device also comprises an electronic torque wrench or a fixed torque wrench which is used for screwing the confining pressure loading bolt (8) for loading; at least five confining pressure loading bolts (8) which are uniformly distributed are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the test piece fixing device (11).
3. The test device for testing the rock face of claim 1 under the action of confining pressure-temperature-water coupling, which is characterized in that: the heating device comprises a heating resistance wire (1) and a voltage and current controller (6), the heating resistance wire (1) is arranged in the annular oil bath cavity (5), and the heating resistance wire (1) is connected with the voltage and current controller (6) through a lead.
4. The test device for testing the rock face of claim 1 under the action of confining pressure-temperature-water coupling, which is characterized in that: the oil bath device is characterized by further comprising a temperature sensor (12), wherein the temperature sensor (12) is arranged in heat conduction oil in the annular oil bath cavity (5) and/or in water in the water containing cavity (19).
5. The test device for testing the rock face of claim 1 under the action of confining pressure-temperature-water coupling, which is characterized in that: an oil inlet hole (3) is arranged at the top of the annular oil bath cavity (5).
6. The test device for testing the rock face of claim 1 under the action of confining pressure-temperature-water coupling, which is characterized in that: the outer peripheral wall of the annular hollow shell (18) is provided with a heat insulation material layer (2).
7. The test device for testing the rock face of claim 1 under the action of confining pressure-temperature-water coupling, which is characterized in that: the water-saving device also comprises a top cover (4), wherein the top cover (4) can cover the top of the water containing cavity (19).
8. The test device for testing the rock face of claim 1 under the action of confining pressure-temperature-water coupling, which is characterized in that: the test piece fixing device (11) adopts a No. 45 steel plate with the thickness of more than 3cm, a chamfer (16) is arranged at the corner part, and the gasket (9) adopts a No. 45 steel plate with the thickness of more than 1 cm.
9. The test method of the face rock under the confining pressure-temperature-water coupling effect adopts the test device of the face rock under the confining pressure-temperature-water coupling effect, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, obtaining a rock mass test block on site, selecting an area with small complete damage for cutting processing, and processing the test block into a cuboid rock test block (10) with a specified size, wherein the length and the width of the rock test block (10) are both smaller than the length and the width corresponding to a fixed cavity in a test block fixing device (11), and the height of the rock test block (10) is lower than the height corresponding to the fixed cavity in the test block fixing device (11);
secondly, placing the rock test piece (10) into a fixing cavity in the test piece fixing device (11), enabling the rear part of the rock test piece (10) to abut against the back side wall of the test piece fixing device (11), enabling the left side surface and the right side surface of the rock test piece (10) to be correspondingly contacted with a gasket (9) respectively, then loading the left side surface and the right side surface of the rock test piece (10) by screwing a confining pressure loading bolt (8), calculating a corresponding loading torque value of each confining pressure loading bolt (8) according to a confining pressure loading value required by a test in the loading process, and then carrying out confining pressure quantitative loading by adopting an electronic torque wrench or a fixed torque wrench;
thirdly, mounting the rock test piece (10) and the confining pressure loading system into a water containing cavity (19) through a base bolt (17), and simultaneously mounting a real-time observation system part;
step four, injecting water with a proper height into the water containing cavity (19) and at least completely submerging the rock test piece (10);
step five, starting the oil bath heating system for heating until the temperature of the water in the water containing cavity (19) is heated to the temperature required by the test and then maintaining the temperature;
and step six, pressing the pressurizing end of an external press machine on the external loading surface of the rock test piece (10), and performing controlled loading on the external loading surface of the rock test piece (10) through the external press machine to perform a test under the confining pressure-temperature-water coupling effect.
10. The method for testing the face rock under the confining pressure-temperature-water coupling action of claim 9, wherein:
in the fifth step, starting the oil bath heating system to heat, wherein the temperature rise speed of water is not higher than 1 ℃/min;
and in the sixth step, the external press controls and loads the external loading surface of the rock test piece (10) in a step-by-step loading mode.
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