CN113765084A

CN113765084A - Power supply equipment, power supply system and server cabinet

Info

Publication number: CN113765084A
Application number: CN202111062921.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李振华; 王彦斌; 王恒义
Original assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-09-10
Filing date: 2021-09-10
Publication date: 2021-12-07

Abstract

The application discloses a power supply device, wherein an input end of the power supply device is used for being connected with a direct current power supply, and the power supply device outputs direct current for supplying power to a load; the power supply apparatus includes: the circuit comprises a slow start switch, a pre-charging circuit, an inductor, a direct current/direct current DC/DC circuit and a controller; the pre-charging circuit comprises a pre-charging switch; the first end of the slow start switch is connected with the input end of the power supply equipment, and the second end of the slow start switch is connected with the input end of the DC/DC circuit through an inductor; the pre-charging circuit is connected in parallel with the first end and the second end of the slow-start switch; the controller is used for controlling the closing of the pre-charging switch and the opening of the slow-starting switch; the controller is also used for controlling the slow-start switch to be closed when the voltage of the input end of the DC/DC circuit is greater than or equal to a first preset voltage threshold value. When short-circuit fault occurs, the pre-charging switch is controlled to be switched off, the slow-starting switch is continuously switched off, the short-circuit fault is effectively isolated, the voltage on the busbar is prevented from being reduced by the short-circuit fault, and current impact and voltage stress on the slow-starting switch are avoided.

Description

Power supply equipment, power supply system and server cabinet

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of equipment power supply, in particular to power supply equipment, a power supply system and a server cabinet.

Background

With the increasing data volume of various industries, data centers include more and more servers, i.e. cluster servers appear. The cluster servers generally adopt a whole cabinet scheme, that is, the cluster servers in the cabinet adopt a bus for centralized power supply, all the servers in the cabinet are taken as a node, all the nodes are hung on the bus, for example, a 48V bus, and the bus for centralized power supply in the cabinet is also called a bus bar (bus bar). Generally, the direct current of the busbar is provided by the mains supply or the uninterruptible power supply at the front end.

Because each server is hung on the BUSBAR, when a short-circuit fault occurs on the power supply path of one or more servers, the voltage of the BUSBAR can be reduced, and the normal power supply of other servers is influenced.

In the prior art, a detection resistor is generally arranged on a power supply path of a server, whether a short circuit occurs is judged by collecting current flowing through the detection resistor, and if the short circuit occurs, power supply to the server corresponding to the power supply path is stopped, namely, isolation protection is performed, so that the voltage of a BUSBAR is prevented from being lowered.

However, the above-mentioned scheme has a large impact on the semiconductor switch device on the power supply path, especially in a high power scenario, the set short-circuit current threshold is large, and when the semiconductor switch device is turned off, the semiconductor switch device is subjected to a large current stress, which is not favorable for the type selection of the semiconductor switch device.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problem, the application provides a power supply device, a power supply system and a server cabinet, which can accurately detect whether a short-circuit fault occurs on a power supply path, timely perform fault isolation, reduce stress borne by a semiconductor switch device and facilitate type selection.

The application provides a power supply device, wherein an input end of the power supply device is used for connecting a direct current power supply, the power supply device outputs direct current for supplying power to a load, for example, the load can be a server, and the power supply device is used for supplying power to the server; the power supply apparatus includes: the circuit comprises a slow start switch, a pre-charging circuit, an inductor, a Direct Current (DC/DC) circuit and a controller; the pre-charging circuit comprises a pre-charging switch; the first end of the slow start switch is connected with the input end of the power supply equipment, and the second end of the slow start switch is connected with the input end of the DC/DC circuit through an inductor; the pre-charging circuit is connected in parallel with the first end and the second end of the slow-start switch; before the DC/DC circuit is started to work, the controller is used for controlling the pre-charging switch to be closed and the slow-starting switch to be opened, and the direct-current power supply is used for charging a capacitor at the input end of the DC/DC circuit through the pre-charging switch and the inductor and establishing the input voltage of the DC/DC circuit; when the DC/DC circuit and the post-stage circuit are not short-circuited, namely the voltage at the input end of the DC/DC circuit is greater than or equal to a first preset voltage threshold value, the controller is also used for controlling the closing of the slow-start switch, namely the slow-start switch is controlled to be closed when no short-circuit fault is confirmed, the direct-current power supply supplies power to the input end of the DC/DC circuit through the slow-start switch, and the DC/DC circuit can be normally started to work at the moment.

The application provides a power supply unit, when DC/DC circuit or load take place short-circuit fault, can control the disconnection of pre-charge switch, slowly open the switch and continue to keep the disconnection, realize short-circuit fault's effective isolation, avoid short-circuit fault to influence the voltage on the BUSBAR. In addition, the power supply equipment does not judge whether a short-circuit fault occurs by detecting the current on the power supply path, and normally closes the slow-start switch, so that current impact on the slow-start switch during fault can be avoided, and the slow-start switch bears larger voltage stress. Therefore, the power supply equipment is beneficial to the model selection of the slow-start switch, and the cost of the whole equipment is reduced. For example, the soft-start switch and the pre-charge switch are both Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect transistors (MOS), and the types of the MOS transistors include PMOS and NMOS, so as to prevent the MOS transistors from being subjected to a large drain-source voltage stress.

According to a possible implementation manner, the controller is further configured to, when the voltage at the input end of the DC/DC circuit is smaller than a first preset voltage threshold, cause a short-circuit fault, and at this time, the fault isolation is required, the soft-start switch cannot be closed, that is, the controller needs to continue to control the soft-start switch to be turned off, so that the short-circuit fault isolation is realized, and at this time, the pre-charge switch may also be turned off.

A possible implementation manner is described above, the short-circuit fault detection and isolation of the DC/DC circuit before starting operation is described, and the detection and isolation of the short-circuit fault in the working process of the DC/DC circuit is described below, that is, the controller is further configured to control the slow-start switch to be turned off when the voltage at the input end of the DC/DC circuit is smaller than the second preset voltage threshold value after the slow-start switch is turned on, which indicates that the short-circuit fault occurs, so as to implement the isolation of the short-circuit fault and prevent the short-circuit fault from affecting the voltage of the BUSBAR, for example, lowering the voltage of the BUSBAR, which causes other servers to fail to operate normally.

One possible implementation way, in order to reduce the current impact to the pre-charging switch in the pre-charging process, the current limiting resistor can be connected in series with the pre-charging switch, and the value of the resistance of the current limiting resistor can be larger, so as to play a role in limiting current, for example, several kilohms to ten or more ohms, because the value of the current limiting resistor R3 is larger, therefore, the pre-charging current ratio is smaller, and when a short-circuit fault occurs in the pre-charging stage, the current impact born by the direct-current bus is very small and is approximately 0.

According to one possible implementation manner, the controller is specifically configured to determine that the voltage at the input end of the DC/DC circuit is greater than or equal to a first preset voltage threshold after the pre-charge switch is turned on for a first preset time period, and control the soft start switch to be turned on. The specific value of the first preset time is not limited, and the specific value can be set according to the values of the capacitor and the inductor and the voltage precision which can be processed by the controller.

In one possible implementation, the power supply device further includes: and the voltage detection circuit is used for detecting the voltage at the input end of the DC/DC circuit and sending the detected voltage at the input end of the DC/DC circuit to the controller. The voltage detection circuit can be realized by a voltage division circuit, namely comprising a first resistor and a second resistor which are connected in series; the series connection of the first resistor and the second resistor is connected to the input of the DC/DC circuit.

In one possible implementation, the power supply device includes at least two DC/DC circuits, the input terminals of the at least two DC/DC circuits are connected in parallel, and the output terminals of the at least two DC/DC circuits are connected in parallel. The number of DC/DC circuits connected in parallel is not limited in this application, and for example, two DC/DC circuits may be connected in parallel to supply power to corresponding servers. The application also does not limit the internal specific structure of the DC/DC circuit, for example, the DC/DC circuit may be an isolated DC/DC circuit, or may also be a non-isolated DC/DC circuit, for example, the isolated DC/DC circuit may adopt a resonant LLC circuit.

In one possible implementation manner, in order to reduce power consumption, the controller may be further configured to control the pre-charge switch to be turned off after the soft start switch is turned on.

Based on the above provided power supply device, the present application also provides a power supply system, including: a rectified AC/DC circuit, a busbar and the above-described power supply device; the input end of the AC/DC circuit is used for connecting an alternating current power supply, and the output end of the AC/DC circuit is connected with the busbar; the input end of the power supply equipment is connected with the busbar. The advantages of the above solutions of the power supply device are applicable to the power supply system, and are not described herein again.

In one possible implementation, the power supply system further includes: a standby battery; the standby battery is connected with the busbar; and the standby battery is used for providing direct current for the busbar when the alternating current power supply is powered off.

According to one possible implementation manner, the power supply system comprises at least two AC/DC circuits, wherein the input ends of the at least two AC/DC circuits are connected in parallel, and the output ends of the at least two AC/DC circuits are connected with the busbar.

Based on the power supply unit and the power supply system that provide above, this application embodiment still provides a server rack, includes: a cluster server and a power supply system; the power supply system is used for supplying power to each server in the cluster servers. The advantages of the above solutions for the power supply device are applicable to the server cabinet, and are not described herein again.

The application has at least the following advantages:

the application provides a power supply unit, including pre-charge circuit, pre-charge circuit and the parallelly connected of switch that slowly opens. Before the DC/DC circuit is started, the slow-start switch is opened, and the pre-charge switch in the pre-charge circuit is closed, namely, a voltage is built up for the input end of the DC/DC circuit through a path formed by the pre-charge circuit. Even if the DC/DC circuit or the load is short-circuited, the slow-start switch is disconnected, so that short-circuit current does not flow through the slow-start switch, namely the current stress borne by the slow-start switch is 0, and the current stress borne by the direct-current bus is also 0. The controller judges whether a short-circuit fault occurs or not according to the voltage of the input end of the DC/DC circuit, for example, the voltage of the input end of the DC/DC circuit is greater than or equal to a first voltage threshold value, which indicates that the short-circuit fault does not occur, the circuit is normal, the slow-start switch can be closed, and the DC/DC circuit can be normally started. The short-circuit fault may be caused by abnormality of the DC/DC circuit or may be caused by abnormality of the load.

The application provides a power supply unit, when DC/DC circuit or load take place short-circuit fault, can control the disconnection of pre-charge switch, slowly open the switch and continue to keep the disconnection, realize short-circuit fault's effective isolation, avoid short-circuit fault to influence the voltage on the BUSBAR. In addition, the power supply equipment does not judge whether a short-circuit fault occurs by detecting the current on the power supply path, and normally closes the slow-start switch, so that current impact on the slow-start switch during fault can be avoided, and the slow-start switch bears larger voltage stress. Therefore, the power supply equipment is beneficial to the model selection of the slow-start switch, and the cost of the whole equipment is reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an application scenario diagram of a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is an architecture diagram of a power supply apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a power supply apparatus;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5A is a schematic diagram of another power supply device provided in the embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5B is a schematic diagram of another power supply device according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of another power supply device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a timing diagram of the DC/DC circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application before being turned on;

FIG. 8 is a timing diagram of the DC/DC circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application during operation;

fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of another power supply device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a power supply system according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a server rack provided in an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

The terms "first," "second," and the like in the following description are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the term "coupled" is to be construed broadly, e.g., "coupled" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. Furthermore, the term "coupled" may be a manner of making electrical connections that communicate signals. "coupled" may be a direct electrical connection or an indirect electrical connection through intervening media.

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application, an application scenario of the technical solution is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The embodiment of the application relates to a power supply device, which comprises a DC/DC circuit and is mainly used for direct current voltage reduction. For example, dc 48V to dc 12V or lower. For example, the power supply device is applied to a data center, and the load is a server, that is, the power supply device is used for supplying power to the server. The embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the implementation type of the DC/DC circuit, for example, the DC/DC circuit is an isolated DC/DC circuit, or a non-isolated DC/DC circuit. The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application mainly relates to control of the input end of a DC/DC circuit.

The following describes an operation principle of the power supply device provided by the embodiment of the present application when applied to a data center for supplying power to a server, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1, the figure is an application scenario diagram of a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present application.

For example, for a server of a data center, the voltage on the BUSBAR may be 48V, the voltage on the BUSBAR is determined by the output of the previous power circuit, for example, the output ends of the plurality of rectifying circuits are connected to the BUSBAR, the output end of the first rectifying circuit AC/DC1 is connected to the BUSBAR, and the output end of the nth rectifying circuit AC/DCn is connected to the BUSBAR, wherein the input end of the first rectifying circuit AC/DC1 and the input end of the nth rectifying circuit AC/DCn are both connected to the mains, for example, 220V AC. In addition, in order to realize uninterrupted power supply of the server, the BUSBAR can be connected with a battery, namely when the mains supply is powered off, the battery can be used for continuously supplying power to the server, and normal operation of the server is guaranteed.

Many servers that the cluster server includes can all hang on BUSBAR, and every server can correspond a power supply unit, as shown in FIG. 1, BUSBAR is connected to first power supply unit 100's input, and first server Ser1 is connected to first power supply unit 100's output, and in the same way, BUSBAR is connected to nth power supply unit 200's input, and nth server Ser2 is connected to nth power supply unit 200's output.

For example, if the first power supply apparatus 100 has a short-circuit fault, the voltage on the BUSBAR may be pulled down, and the nth power supply apparatus 200 is influenced to supply power to the nth server Ser 2.

The following describes an implementation of the power supply apparatus with reference to the drawings.

Referring to fig. 2, the drawing is an architecture diagram of a power supply apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.

The power supply apparatus includes a protection circuit 101, a soft start circuit 102, and a DC/DC circuit 103.

Among them, the protection circuit 101 is mainly used to prevent voltage or current glitches caused by lightning strikes or surges. The soft start circuit 102 is used to perform a soft start before the DC/DC circuit 103 starts.

The DC/DC circuit 103 is used for further voltage reduction and stabilization, for example, for providing a voltage of 48V at the input terminal of the power supply device to a voltage of 12V or less as a server.

Referring to fig. 3, a circuit diagram of a power supply apparatus is shown.

Fig. 3 shows a circuit topology corresponding to fig. 2, for example, Vin is 48V, and Vout is 12V.

The positive input of the power supply device is connected to the positive input of the DC/DC circuit 103 through a series connection of a sense resistor R and a semiconductor switching device M1.

Before the DC/DC circuit 103 is started, the semiconductor switching device M1 is turned on first, that is, the slow start driving circuit 102 controls the current flowing through the M1 to gradually increase, the input voltage Vin charges the capacitor, and the DC/DC circuit 103 is turned on when the input voltage of the DC/DC circuit 103 reaches a preset voltage.

The detection resistor R is used to detect the current, for example, collect the voltage across the detection resistor R, since the resistance of R is known, since the sampled voltage divided by the resistance is the current flowing through R. Generally, a high-end operational amplifier is adopted for signal processing during current detection, however, the time delay of the high-end operational amplifier is relatively large, the detected current is used for judging and sending a short-circuit fault, then the semiconductor switching device is controlled to be switched off, and the short-circuit current is increased to a value larger than a short-circuit current threshold value, so that the semiconductor switching device needs to bear relatively large current impact when being switched off, and the suffered stress is further worsened due to the time delay. In a specific implementation, the current detection circuit 101 is configured to collect a current flowing through the detection resistor R, and when the current is greater than a preset current threshold value, which indicates that a short-circuit fault has occurred in the load, the controller controls the semiconductor switching device M1 to turn off, for example, the controller is implemented by a Micro Controller Unit (MCU), the MCU104 controls the semiconductor switching device M1 to turn off, specifically, the MCU104 may send a control signal to the soft-start driving circuit 102, and the soft-start driving circuit 102 controls the M1 to turn off according to the control signal. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific implementation manner of M1, for example, M1 is a MOS transistor.

Since the current flowing through the detection resistor R also flows through M1, the short-circuit fault is determined by detecting the current, and the short-circuit fault is determined only when the current is already large, so that a large current flows through M1, and a large voltage stress is already applied between the drain and the source of M1, that is, Vds is large, which is not beneficial to the type selection of M1. It is understood that the larger the current resistance of the semiconductor switching device, the higher the price, and the larger the withstand voltage stress, the higher the price, and the selection of the type is difficult. In addition, in the cluster server, since the number of servers is large and the number of corresponding power supply devices is large, the number of semiconductor switching devices is large, and thus the overall cost is high.

Power supply device embodiment

In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present application provides a power supply device, where before a DC/DC/DC circuit is turned on, a slow start switch, for example, a slow start MOS, is not closed, but a capacitor at an input end of the DC/DC/DC circuit is precharged through a precharge circuit, when it is determined that the DC/DC circuit is not normally shorted, the slow start MOS is closed, so as to avoid directly closing the slow start switch, when the DC/DC/DC circuit is shorted, the slow start switch is damaged, and the slow start switch is prevented from bearing a large current and thus a large leakage source voltage stress.

The following describes the power supply device provided in the embodiments of the present application in detail with reference to the drawings.

Referring to fig. 4, the drawing is a schematic diagram of a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present application.

The input end of the power supply device provided in this embodiment is used for connecting a direct current power supply (not shown in the figure), for example, the input end is connected to a direct current 48V output by a previous stage power circuit, and it should be understood that the voltage range may fluctuate up and down to 48V, which is only illustrated by 48V.

The power supply equipment outputs direct current to supply power to a load; the specific type of load is not limited, and the motherboard 300 is taken as an example in the following embodiments.

The power supply apparatus includes: a slow-start switch M1, a pre-charge circuit, an inductor L, a DC/DC circuit 103 and a controller.

In the embodiment of the present application, the controller is exemplified as the MCU104, and the controller may be a single chip microcomputer or a Digital Signal Processor (DSP).

The pre-charging circuit comprises a pre-charging switch; in the present embodiment, the pre-charge switch is described as an example of a MOS, but may be another type of semiconductor switching device, such as an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT).

A first terminal of the slow-start switch M1 is connected to the input terminal of the power supply device, a second terminal of the slow-start switch M1 is connected to the input terminal of the DC/DC circuit 103 through an inductor L, that is, a second terminal of the slow-start switch M1 is connected to the first terminal of the inductor L, and the second terminal of the inductor L is connected to the input terminal of the DC/DC circuit 103. The slow-start switch M1 is described by taking MOS as an example.

It should be understood that an anti-surge circuit is also connected between the slow-start switch M1 and the input end of the power supply equipment, and is used for suppressing the interference of the surge to the subsequent circuit.

In addition, a capacitor is respectively connected between two sides of the inductor L and the ground, namely, the first capacitor C1 is connected between the first end of the inductor L and the ground, and the second capacitor C2 is connected between the second end of the inductor L and the ground. The C1 and the C2 can play a role of filtering and simultaneously serve as direct current bus capacitors.

The effect of inductance L is mainly isolation current, and when the sudden change takes place for the electric current, the electric current on the inductance L can not the sudden change, because the isolation effect of inductance L, the inductance on the slow-start switch M1 can not the sudden change promptly to avoid slow-start switch M1 to bear great current impact.

The pre-charging circuit is connected in parallel with the first end and the second end of the slow-start switch M1; that is, the pre-charge switch M2 is connected in parallel with the slow-start switch M1, and when M2 is closed, M1 can be bypassed, and in the power supply apparatus provided in this embodiment of the present application, before the DC/DC circuit 103 is turned on, M1 is opened, M2 is closed, that is, through a path formed by M2, the second capacitor C2 is charged through the inductor L, and the voltage at the input terminal of the DC/DC circuit 103 is established.

The MCU104 is configured to control the precharge switch M2 to be turned on and the slow-start switch M1 to be turned off, that is, in an initial state, the precharge switch M2 and the slow-start switch M1 are both turned off, when the MCU104 does not send a control signal, both M1 and M2 are in an off state by default, and before the DC/DC circuit 103 is turned on, the MCU104 controls the slow-start switch M1 to be turned off and controls the precharge switch M2 to be turned on. The MCU104 is further configured to indicate that the DC/DC circuit 103 is normal, that is, the load is normal and not short-circuited, when the voltage at the input end of the DC/DC circuit 103 is greater than or equal to the first preset voltage threshold after the M2 is turned on, control the slow start switch M1 to be turned on, and enable the DC/DC circuit 103 to start up.

It should be understood that in the embodiment of the present application, the slow-start switch M1 and the pre-charge switch M2 are both controlled by the MCU104, that is, the MCU104 sends control signals to the slow-start switch M1 and the pre-charge switch M2, respectively, for example, the control signals may be pulse signals, when the pulse signals are high, the corresponding switches are closed, and when the pulse signals are low, the corresponding switches are opened. In addition, a slow start driving circuit 102 may be further included, the MCU104 sends a pulse signal to the slow start driving circuit 102, and the slow start driving circuit 102 controls the on-off state of the slow start switch M1 according to the pulse signal. Similarly, the pre-charge switch M2 may also have a corresponding driving circuit, which is not described herein.

According to the power supply device provided by the embodiment of the application, before the DC/DC circuit is started, the slow-start switch is opened, and the pre-charge switch in the pre-charge circuit is closed, that is, a path formed by the pre-charge circuit establishes a voltage for the input end of the DC/DC circuit 103. Even if the DC/DC circuit 103 or the load is short-circuited, the soft start switch is turned off, so the short-circuit current does not flow through the soft start switch, i.e., the soft start switch is subjected to a current stress of 0. The controller judges whether a short-circuit fault occurs or not according to the voltage of the input end of the DC/DC circuit, for example, the voltage of the input end of the DC/DC circuit is greater than or equal to a first voltage threshold value, which indicates that the short-circuit fault does not occur, the circuit is normal, the slow-start switch can be closed, and the DC/DC circuit can be normally started. The short-circuit fault in this embodiment may be caused by an abnormal DC/DC circuit, or may be caused by an abnormal load, and this embodiment of the present application is not specifically limited.

The power supply equipment provided by the embodiment of the application can control the pre-charging switch to be disconnected when the DC/DC circuit or the load has a short-circuit fault, the slow-starting switch is continuously disconnected, the short-circuit fault is effectively isolated, and the voltage on the BUSBAR is prevented from being influenced by the short-circuit fault. In addition, the power supply equipment does not judge whether a short-circuit fault occurs by detecting the current on the power supply path, and normally closes the slow-start switch, so that current impact on the slow-start switch during fault can be avoided, and the slow-start switch bears larger voltage stress. Therefore, the power supply equipment provided by the embodiment of the application is beneficial to the model selection of the slow-start switch, and the cost of the whole equipment is reduced.

In addition, when the voltage at the input end of the DC/DC circuit is smaller than the first preset voltage threshold, it indicates that a short-circuit fault occurs in the DC/DC circuit or a subsequent circuit or load of the DC/DC circuit, that is, the input voltage of the DC/DC circuit is lower and smaller than the first preset voltage threshold, at this time, the slow-start switch M1 cannot be closed, but the MCU104 continues to control the slow-start switch M1 to open. It should be understood that the pre-charge switch M2 may be continuously closed at this time, and may be controlled to be opened, and M2 may be controlled to be opened in order to reduce the power consumption of the circuit.

The above description is of short circuit detection and protection before the DC/DC circuit is started, and the following description is of short circuit detection and fault isolation during normal operation after the DC/DC circuit is started.

The MCU104 is further configured to, after the soft start switch M1 is turned on, when the voltage at the input end of the DC/DC circuit 103 is smaller than a second preset voltage threshold, indicate that the DC/DC circuit 103 or the subsequent circuit is short-circuited, at this time, the soft start switch M1 needs to be controlled to be turned off, i.e., to isolate the short-circuit fault, and to disconnect the DC/DC circuit 103 and the subsequent circuit from the BUSBAR, so as to avoid the short-circuit fault from affecting the BUSBAR, i.e., to pull down the voltage of the BUSBAR, so as to affect the BUSBAR to supply power to other DC/DC circuits, or even cause the power failure of the entire power supply system.

The magnitude relationship between the first preset voltage threshold and the second preset voltage threshold is not limited in the embodiments of the present application, for example, the first preset voltage threshold may be equal to the second preset voltage threshold, the first preset voltage threshold may also be greater than the second preset voltage threshold, and the first preset voltage threshold may also be smaller than the second preset voltage threshold. In addition, in the operation process of the DC/DC circuit, the voltage at the input end of the DC/DC circuit 103 is generally greater than the voltage at the input end of the DC/DC circuit 103 before starting, the first preset voltage threshold is a threshold for determining whether the DC/DC circuit is short-circuited before starting, and the second preset voltage threshold is a threshold for determining whether the DC/DC circuit is short-circuited when the DC/DC circuit is started and normally operates, so that the second preset voltage threshold may be set to be greater than the first preset voltage threshold.

Because the power supply device provided by the embodiment of the application judges whether a short-circuit fault occurs or not through the voltage of the input end of the DC/DC circuit in the operation process of the DC/DC circuit, when the voltage is reduced, the current does not suddenly change due to the effect of the isolation current of the inductor L, so that the current on the slow-start switch M1 does not suddenly change to a large extent, and the slow-start switch M1 is closed through the sudden change of the voltage, so that the voltage stress and the current stress of the slow-start switch M1 in the protection process can be reduced, and the Safe working Area (SOA) of the slow-start switch M1 is reduced. Because the SOA is a linear region, when the MOS transistor works in the linear region for a long time, the SOA capability of the MOS transistor needs to be strong enough. However, the larger the SOA capability of the MOS transistor is, the larger the on-resistance Rdson of the corresponding MOS transistor is, and usually, the Rdson is doubled for the MOS transistor with the better SOA performance. The larger Rdson is, the larger the power consumption of the MOS tube during operation is. Therefore, in order to reduce power consumption, it is desirable that the lower the SOA of the MOS transistor, the better.

According to the power supply equipment provided by the embodiment of the application, the MOS tube can select a smaller SOA device, and the Rdson corresponding to the MOS tube is smaller, so that the conduction loss of the MOS tube is reduced, and the packaging size of the MOS tube with the smaller SOA is smaller.

The power supply equipment provided by the embodiment of the application adopts voltage detection to detect whether a short-circuit fault occurs, but not adopts current detection. If current detection is adopted, when each path of power supply equipment is plugged or unplugged or lightning surge exists at the input end of the power supply equipment, voltage fluctuation is caused, for example, Vin fluctuates from 42V to 48V, the capacitor C2 or C1 is charged, current fluctuation is caused during charging, at the moment, the current detection circuit detects excessive current, a short-circuit fault is judged to occur, fault isolation is carried out, at the moment, the current fluctuation caused by the voltage fluctuation at the input end is not a real short-circuit fault, and therefore current protection misoperation can be caused. However, in the embodiment of the present application, the voltage detection short-circuit fault is adopted, and the second preset voltage threshold may be set to be relatively large and exceed the voltage range of the voltage fluctuation of the input end of the power supply equipment, so that the judgment of the short circuit is not affected by the voltage fluctuation of the input end of the power supply equipment, for example, the second preset voltage threshold is set to be 30V, and the fluctuation range of the general input voltage generally does not exceed 10V, and therefore, the judgment of whether the short circuit is caused by the input voltage of the DC/DC circuit relative to the current on the detection power supply path is more accurate, and therefore, the judgment of the short circuit by the voltage is not affected by the voltage fluctuation of the input end of the power supply equipment, for example, the false operation of short circuit protection caused by plugging, lightning surge or the like is avoided.

In addition, in order to make the pre-charge current surge too large during pre-charging before the DC/DC circuit is started, the power supply device provided in the embodiment of the present application may further include a current limiting resistor, which is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 5A, this figure is a schematic diagram of another power supply device provided in the embodiment of the present application.

The power supply device provided by this embodiment further includes a current limiting resistor R3, where the current limiting resistor R3 is connected in series with the pre-charge switch M2 and then connected in parallel to two ends of the slow-start switch M1, that is, the current limiting resistor R3 and the current limiting resistor M2 are connected in series and then connected in parallel to the first end and the second end of the M1.

When the pre-charge switch M2 is closed, the DC power at the input of the power supply device charges the capacitor C2 at the input of the DC/DC circuit 103 through R3 and M2 and the inductor L, establishing the input voltage of the DC/DC circuit 103. If the DC/DC circuit is short-circuited or the subsequent stage is short-circuited, the input voltage of the DC/DC circuit 103 cannot be established, that is, the input voltage is relatively low, and therefore, when the MCU104 detects that the input voltage of the DC/DC circuit 103 is low, it determines that a short-circuit fault occurs. Only when the MCU104 determines that the input voltage of the DC/DC circuit 103 is greater than or equal to the first preset voltage threshold, the slow-start switch M1 is controlled to be turned on, and the pre-charge switch M2 is controlled to be turned off.

In order to reduce the precharge current, the resistance of the current limiting resistor R3 may be relatively large, for example, several thousand ohms to ten and several ohms, and since the resistance of the current limiting resistor R3 is relatively large, the precharge current ratio is relatively small, and when a short-circuit fault occurs in the precharge stage, the current impact borne by the dc bus is very small, and is approximately 0.

Referring to fig. 5B, the figure is a schematic diagram of another power supply device provided in the embodiment of the present application.

The power supply apparatus provided by the present embodiment further includes a precharge driving circuit 105, where the precharge driving circuit 105 is configured to receive a driving signal for controlling the precharge switch M2 sent by the MCU104, and control the switching state of the precharge switch M2 according to the driving signal.

The voltage at the input end of the DC/DC circuit 103 may be detected by a voltage detection circuit, that is, the power supply device provided in this embodiment of the present application further includes: the voltage detection circuit is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 6, the figure is a schematic diagram of another power supply device provided in the embodiment of the present application.

The voltage detection circuit in the power supply device provided by the present embodiment includes a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2 connected in series; the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are connected in series and then connected to the input terminal of the DC/DC circuit 103.

And a voltage detection circuit for detecting the voltage at the input terminal of the DC/DC circuit 103 and transmitting the detected voltage at the input terminal of the DC/DC circuit 103 to a controller, i.e., the MCU 104.

As can be seen from fig. 6, R1 and R2 are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the second capacitor C2, that is, the first end of R1 is connected to the positive input terminal of the DC/DC circuit 103, and the first end of R1 is connected to the negative input terminal of the DC/DC circuit 103 through R2.

It should be understood that R1 and R2 form a voltage divider circuit, and the voltage divided by MCU104 is measured, and the specific resistance values of R1 and R2 are not limited in this embodiment, and may be set according to the signal input range of MCU 104.

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the power supply device provided in the embodiments of the present application, a specific operation principle is described below with reference to a timing chart.

Referring to fig. 7, a timing diagram of the DC/DC circuit provided in the embodiment of the present application before being turned on is shown.

In fig. 7, Vin represents the input voltage of the power supply device, M2 represents the driving signal of the pre-charge switch, and M1 represents the driving signal of the slow-start switch.

For example, after a preset time period t1 after the input terminal of the power supply device is powered on, the MCU controls the pre-charge switch M2 to close, that is, the input voltage Vin is used to charge the capacitor at the input terminal of the DC/DC circuit, so as to establish the input voltage of the DC/DC circuit. After the pre-charging switch M2 is closed for a first preset time period t2, the voltage at the input end of the DC/DC circuit is judged to be greater than or equal to the first preset voltage threshold value, which indicates that no short-circuit fault occurs, the DC/DC circuit can be normally started, and the slow-start switch M1 is controlled to be closed.

The timing control when a short circuit occurs during operation of the DC/DC circuit is described below with reference to fig. 8.

Referring to fig. 8, a timing diagram of the DC/DC circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application during operation is shown.

When the voltage V1 of the input end of the DC/DC circuit is smaller than a second preset voltage threshold value, the MCU controls the slow-start switch M1 to be switched off, so that short-circuit faults are isolated, and BUSBAR is protected.

The power supply device comprises at least two DC/DC circuits, wherein the input ends of the at least two DC/DC circuits are connected together in parallel, and the output ends of the at least two DC/DC circuits are connected together in parallel.

The following description will take the example of two DC/DC circuits connected in parallel.

Referring to fig. 9, the drawing is a schematic view of another power supply device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

The power supply apparatus provided by the present embodiment includes a first DC/DC circuit 1031 and a second DC/DC circuit 1032, an input terminal of the first DC/DC circuit 1031 and an input terminal of the second DC/DC circuit 1032 are connected in parallel, and an output terminal of the first DC/DC circuit 1031 and an output terminal of the second DC/DC circuit 1032 are connected in parallel. It should be appreciated that the parallel connection of multiple DC/DC circuits can increase the output current, i.e., increase the load capacity, i.e., the output terminals of two DC/DC circuits are connected in parallel to jointly supply power to the motherboard 300.

When the power supply device provided by the embodiment of the application detects a short-circuit fault, the voltage at the input end of the first DC/DC circuit 1031 and the voltage at the input end of the second DC/DC circuit 1032 can be respectively detected, and as long as the voltage at the input end of one of the DC/DC circuits is less than or equal to the first preset voltage threshold, it indicates that the short-circuit fault occurs, the slow-open switch M1 needs to be turned off, that is, the short-circuit fault is isolated, and the connection between the first DC/DC circuit 1031 and the second DC/DC circuit 1032 and the BUSBAR is disconnected.

Fig. 9 is only described by taking an example that two DC/DC circuits are connected in parallel, and in practice, more DC/DC circuits may be connected in parallel to supply power to a motherboard.

Power supply system embodiment

Based on the power supply device provided by the above embodiments, embodiments of the present application further provide a power supply system, which is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 10, the figure is a schematic diagram of a power supply system according to an embodiment of the present application.

The power supply system provided by the embodiment comprises: rectified AC/DC circuit 400, bus bar, and power supply device 100 as described in any of the above embodiments.

The input end of the AC/DC circuit 400 is used for connecting an alternating current power supply, and the output end of the AC/DC circuit 400 is connected with a BUSBAR BUSBAR; the embodiment of the application does not limit the voltage on the BUSBAR BUSBAR, the voltage is only indicated by 48V in the figure, fluctuation may exist in actual work, for example, fluctuation between 36V and 72V exists, and the voltage is allowed to fluctuate because the BUSBAR BUSBAR does not directly supply power to a load.

The input end of the power supply device 100 is connected with a BUSBAR BUSBAR, the power supply device is used for further reducing the voltage of the BUSBAR BUSBAR, a DC/DC circuit 103 in the figure is a first-stage voltage reduction circuit, and a second-stage voltage stabilizing circuit can be further included in the later stage. That is, in the embodiment of the present application, the power supply device includes the DC/DC circuit 103 and further includes a Load, where the Load may include a second stage voltage stabilizing circuit, that is, the voltage of 12V is reduced to a lower and more accurate voltage to supply power to the power-consuming device, for example, the voltage is converted to 3.3V, 1.8V, and the like.

The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application is mainly used for short circuit isolation of the power supply equipment connected with the BUSBAR, and because the plurality of power supply equipment are connected on the BUSBAR, only one power supply equipment 100 is illustrated in figure 10, and during actual work, a plurality of power supply equipment share the BUSBAR, which is shown in figure 1. In order to avoid that one of the power supply devices has a short-circuit fault and affects the voltage on the BUSBAR, the power supply device with the short-circuit needs to be isolated as soon as possible, but the short-circuit fault needs to be accurately detected first, according to the scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, in order to reduce the voltage stress and the current stress of the slow-start switch and accurately detect the short-circuit fault, before the DC/DC circuit 103 is started, a pre-charging circuit is adopted, and the voltage at the input end of the DC/DC circuit 103 is detected to judge whether the short-circuit fault occurs.

The power supply system provided by this embodiment further includes: a standby battery BAT.

The standby battery BAT is connected with a BUSBAR BUSBAR;

and the standby battery BAT is used for providing direct current for the BUSBAR BUSBAR when the alternating current power supply is powered off, so that uninterrupted power supply for the server is ensured, and the normal operation of the server is ensured.

In order to improve the loading capacity of the BUSBAR, the power supply system generally includes at least two AC/DC circuits, only one of which is shown in fig. 10, and specifically, referring to fig. 1, the input ends of the at least two AC/DC circuits are connected in parallel, and the output ends of the at least two AC/DC circuits are both connected to the BUSBAR.

Server cabinet

Based on the power supply device and the power supply system provided by the above embodiments, embodiments of the present application further provide a server cabinet, which is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments of the present application are not limited

Referring to fig. 11, this figure is a schematic diagram of a server rack provided in an embodiment of the present application.

An embodiment of the present application provides a server cabinet 1000, including: cluster servers and the power supply system 500 provided by any of the above embodiments. The power supply system 500 is used to supply power to each server Ser in the cluster server.

The cluster server includes a plurality of servers Ser, that is, the server nodes introduced in the above embodiments, and the number of the servers Ser in the server cabinet is not limited in the embodiments of the present application, and may be set according to an actual application scenario. The server cabinet 1000 comprises the server Ser and the power supply system 500, i.e. the server cabinet 1000 as a whole may be directly connected to a utility power, such as AC 220V. The AC/DC circuit in the power supply system 500 converts 220V AC into DC, and then performs a first-stage DC-DC voltage conversion by using the DC/DC circuit in the power supply device, for example, 48V is converted into 12V to be provided to a load, and the inside of the server may further convert 12V into a voltage required by the inside of the server, for example, 3.3V and 1.2V.

A plurality of servers can utilize copper bars in the server cabinet to supply power. The power supply output by the power supply system 500 provided by the embodiment of the present application is connected to a copper bar (not shown in the figure), and the copper bar may be arranged on a back plate of the server cabinet 1000. In addition, the inside of server rack 1000 still includes switch 600, and a concrete implementation mode does, and switch 600 is located the middle part of server rack 1000, and switch 600 is equipped with a plurality of servers Ser from top to bottom respectively.

Because the short-circuit fault can be isolated in time when the load or the AC/DC circuit in the power supply system has the short-circuit fault, the voltage of the busbar cannot be pulled down due to the short-circuit fault, the power supply of other servers cannot be influenced, and the normal work of the servers is ensured.

It should be understood that in the present application, "at least one" means one or more, "a plurality" means two or more. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present application still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. The power supply equipment is characterized in that the input end of the power supply equipment is used for connecting a direct current power supply, and the power supply equipment outputs direct current for supplying power to a load; the power supply apparatus includes: the circuit comprises a slow start switch, a pre-charging circuit, an inductor, a direct current/direct current DC/DC circuit and a controller;

the pre-charge circuit comprises a pre-charge switch;

the first end of the slow start switch is connected with the input end of the power supply equipment, and the second end of the slow start switch is connected with the input end of the DC/DC circuit through the inductor;

the pre-charging circuit is connected in parallel with the first end and the second end of the slow-start switch;

the controller is used for controlling the pre-charging switch to be closed and the slow starting switch to be opened;

the controller is further configured to control the slow-start switch to be closed when the voltage at the input end of the DC/DC circuit is greater than or equal to a first preset voltage threshold.

2. The power supply apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to control the slow start switch to turn off when the voltage at the input of the DC/DC circuit is less than the first preset voltage threshold.

3. The power supply device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the controller is further configured to control the slow switch to be turned off when the voltage at the input terminal of the DC/DC circuit is smaller than a second preset voltage threshold after the slow switch is turned on.

4. The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is specifically configured to determine that the voltage at the input end of the DC/DC circuit is greater than or equal to the first preset voltage threshold after the pre-charge switch is closed for a first preset time period, and control the slow-start switch to be closed.

5. The power supply apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the precharge circuit further comprises: and the current limiting resistor is connected with the pre-charging switch in series.

6. The power supply apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising: a voltage detection circuit;

the voltage detection circuit comprises a first resistor and a second resistor which are connected in series; the first resistor and the second resistor which are connected in series are connected to the input end of the DC/DC circuit;

the voltage detection circuit is used for detecting the voltage of the input end of the DC/DC circuit and sending the detected voltage of the input end of the DC/DC circuit to the controller.

7. The power supply apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said power supply apparatus comprises at least two of said DC/DC circuits, wherein input terminals of at least two of said DC/DC circuits are connected in parallel, and wherein output terminals of at least two of said DC/DC circuits are connected in parallel.

8. The power supply device according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the controller is further configured to control the pre-charge switch to be turned off after the slow-start switch is turned on.

9. A power supply system, comprising: a rectified AC/DC circuit, a busbar and a power supply device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8;

the input end of the AC/DC circuit is used for connecting an alternating current power supply, and the output end of the AC/DC circuit is connected with the busbar;

the input end of the power supply equipment is connected with the busbar.

10. The power supply system of claim 9, further comprising: a standby battery;

the standby battery is connected with the busbar;

and the standby battery is used for providing direct current for the busbar when the alternating current power supply is powered off.

11. The power supply system according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the power supply system comprises at least two AC/DC circuits, wherein the input terminals of the at least two AC/DC circuits are connected in parallel, and the output terminals of the at least two AC/DC circuits are connected with the busbar.

12. A server rack, comprising: a cluster server and the power supply system of any one of claims 9-11;

the power supply system is used for supplying power to each server in the cluster servers.