CN113765076A - Bidirectional solid-state direct-current circuit breaker based on thyristor - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
- H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bidirectional solid-state direct-current circuit breaker based on a thyristor, which comprises a main loop, a current conversion loop, an energy absorption loop, a monitoring unit and a grid control unit, wherein the main loop comprises a first direct-current power supply V1A second DC power supply V2A high-voltage thyristor module and a low-voltage full-control module, wherein the current conversion loop comprises a first diode (D)1) A second diode (D)2) A first resistor (R)1) A second resistor (R)2) A first capacitor (C)1) And a first capacitance (C)2) The energy absorption and recovery circuit consists of two arresters, the two arresters are respectively connected with the high-voltage thyristor module and the low-voltage full-control module in parallel, and the monitoring unit consists of a Hall current sensor and a voltage comparator. The invention has lower power loss and cost, more compact circuit, simpler driving control, faster response speed and higher reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of circuit breakers, in particular to a bidirectional solid-state direct-current circuit breaker based on a thyristor.
Background
Direct current distribution networks have been rapidly developed because they can more efficiently and reliably accommodate distributed renewable energy power generation systems such as wind, light, etc., energy storage units, electric vehicles, and other direct current electrical loads. However, due to the low impedance of the dc distribution network system and the lack of natural current zero crossings, once a fault occurs, the rapidly rising fault current will cause extensive damage to the network in a very short time. Therefore, a dc circuit breaker capable of rapidly and effectively clearing a fault becomes one of the key technologies for further development of a dc power distribution network.
The dc circuit breaker may be classified into a mechanical dc circuit breaker based on a mechanical switch, a solid-state dc circuit breaker based on a power semiconductor device, and a hybrid circuit breaker in which a mechanical switch is combined with a power semiconductor device according to a breaking principle. The mechanical circuit breaker has the advantages of low power consumption and high voltage resistance. However, the mechanical circuit breaker based on the electro-thermal coupling breaking principle has long fault response and breaking time, and cannot meet the application requirement of high-speed protection of a direct-current power distribution network. Meanwhile, the mechanical breaker can generate electric arc in the fault breaking process, the contact head ablation phenomenon occurs, and the reliability of the mechanical breaker is reduced. Hybrid circuit breakers, which combine the low power consumption characteristics of mechanical switches with the fast response characteristics of power semiconductors, are also currently used in some high voltage dc distribution systems. However, the hybrid circuit breaker still has the disadvantages of large volume, high cost, long fault breaking time and the like. The solid-state direct-current circuit breaker is concerned by the advantages of short fault response and breaking time, long service life, convenience in intelligent monitoring and the like.
However, the solid-state dc circuit breaker has a major disadvantage of large power consumption compared to the mechanical circuit breaker and the hybrid circuit breaker. The power consumption of the direct current breaker mainly comes from the conduction power consumption of the power device. Currently, a mainstream solid-state direct current breaker mainly uses an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) as a switching device, but when the IGBT is turned on, due to the existence of a reverse biased PN junction on the emitter side, the turn-on voltage drop is large. Wide bandgap semiconductor devices based on silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) have low on-state power consumption, but the wide bandgap semiconductor devices are still in the initial development stage, and the application of the wide bandgap semiconductor devices is limited by the reliability and cost of the devices. When the thyristor device is conducted, the thyristor device can work under a current feedback mechanism and has extremely low conduction power consumption. Meanwhile, the thyristor also has lower cost than the IGBT and the wide bandgap power semiconductor device. Therefore, the solid-state direct current circuit breaker based on the thyristor can greatly improve the power efficiency of the system and reduce the assembly cost of the system. However, the thyristor belongs to a semi-controlled device, and can be turned on only through the gate trigger device, but cannot be turned off through the gate. Therefore, the solid-state direct-current circuit breaker based on the thyristor needs to add an additional commutation loop to realize the fault current breaking capacity. The existing solid-state direct-current circuit breaker based on the thyristor has the problems of complex topology of a commutation loop, reverse voltage overshoot in the commutation process and the like, and further development of the solid-state direct-current circuit breaker based on the thyristor is limited. On the other hand, most circuit breakers are of a unidirectional structure, and the requirement of an increasingly developed direct current transmission (distribution) power network cannot be met (application number: 201510858644.9). Some bidirectional circuit breakers have the characteristics of complex circuit structure, difficult drive control and the like (application number: 201610630952.0). These have restricted the development of dc power distribution systems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a bidirectional solid-state direct-current circuit breaker based on a thyristor. The solid-state direct current circuit breaker is simple in driving, low in conduction power consumption and high in reliability, and the circuit breaker topology and the driving strategy which are simple in structure are matched, so that the solid-state direct current circuit breaker is low in power consumption, high in response speed, low in cost, small in size and high in reliability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a bidirectional solid-state DC breaker based on thyristor comprises a first DC power supply V1A second DC power supply V2A high-voltage thyristor module, a low-voltage full-control module, a first diode (D)1) A second diode (D)2) A first resistor (R)1) A second resistor (R)2) A first capacitor (C)1) A first capacitor (C)2) The lightning arrester, the Hall current sensor, the voltage comparator and the grid control unit;
first DC power supply V1A second DC power supply V2High-voltage thyristor module and low-voltage full-control module mechanismOne end of the high-voltage thyristor module is connected to the anode of a first direct-current power supply V1, the other end of the high-voltage thyristor module is connected with one end of a low-voltage full-control module, and the other end of the low-voltage full-control module is connected to the anode of a second direct-current power supply V2; when the high-voltage thyristor module and the low-voltage full-control module work normally, the high-voltage thyristor module and the low-voltage full-control module are conducted simultaneously;
a first diode (D)1) A second diode (D)2) A first resistor (R)1) A second resistor (R)2) A first capacitor (C)1) And a first capacitance (C)2) Forming a commutation loop, said first high voltage diode (D)1) And a first resistance (R)1) One end of the parallel connection is connected with a first high-voltage capacitor (C)1) Is connected in series, and the other end after being connected in parallel is connected to a first direct current power supply V1The first high-voltage capacitor (C)1) Is connected to a second direct current power supply V2The positive electrode of (1); the second high voltage diode (D)2) And a second resistor (R)2) One end of the parallel connection is connected with a second high-voltage capacitor (C)2) Is connected in series, and the other end after being connected in parallel is connected to a first direct current power supply V1The second high-voltage capacitor C2) Is connected to a second direct current power supply V2The positive electrode of (1); when the current flows in the forward direction, the first diode (D)1) Operating in the conducting state, the second diode (D)2) Operating in a blocking state, a first capacitor (C)1) Is charged; when the current flows in the reverse direction, the second diode (D)1) Operating in the on-state, first diode (D)2) Operating in the blocking state, second capacitor (C)1) Is charged;
the two lightning arresters are respectively connected with the high-voltage thyristor module and the low-voltage full-control module in parallel, a main loop current line penetrates through the Hall current sensor, the output end of the Hall current sensor is connected to the input end of a voltage comparator, and the other input end of the voltage comparator is connected with a comparison voltage VTThe output end of the voltage comparator is connected to the input end of the grid control unit, and the output end of the grid control unit is connected to the grids of the high-voltage thyristor module and the low-voltage full-control module;
hall electric applianceThe flow sensor and the voltage comparator form a monitoring unit, after short circuit occurs, the current of the main loop rises, so that the output voltage signal of the Hall current sensor increases, and when the output voltage signal increases to exceed a preset comparison voltage VTWhen the voltage is higher than the preset voltage, the grid control unit is triggered to work, the low-voltage full-control module is closed, and the current conversion loop passes through the capacitor (C)1Or C2) Is charged, and the direction of the charging current flowing through the high-voltage thyristor is opposite to the short-circuit current.
Further, the high-voltage thyristor module is formed by connecting a plurality of bidirectional switch pairs in series, and the bidirectional switch pairs are formed by connecting two thyristors in reverse parallel; the low-voltage full-control module is formed by reversely connecting two low-voltage full-control switches in parallel, and each low-voltage full-control switch is formed by reversely connecting a low-voltage full-control device and a low-voltage diode in parallel; the output end of the grid control unit is connected to the grids of all thyristors and low-voltage full-control devices
Further, the low-voltage full-control device is an MOSFET, an IGBT or an HEMT.
Further, the grid control unit controls the high-voltage thyristor module and the low-voltage full-control module according to a comparison result of the output signal of the monitoring unit and an internal preset trigger protection signal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the circuit topology structure adopted by the invention is compact, only fewer passive devices and power devices are needed, and the converter capacitor C1And C2An additional pre-charging power supply is not needed for pre-charging, so that the cost and the volume of the circuit breaker are greatly reduced;
the current conversion loop can trigger circuit protection by only one signal, thereby greatly simplifying the complexity of a monitoring unit and a grid control unit, and improving the response speed of the circuit breaker and the reliability of breaking current;
in general, the circuit breaker has lower power loss and cost compared with other types of circuit breakers, and has more compact circuit, simpler driving control, faster response speed and higher reliability compared with the existing solid-state direct-current circuit breaker based on the thyristor.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit topology diagram of a CS-MCT based bidirectional dc circuit breaker according to the present invention;
figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the normal operation of the circuit breaker of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the fault commutation operation of the circuit breaker of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram of the quasi-zero restoration operation of the circuit breaker of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a test chart of transient characteristics of the circuit breaker of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a graph comparing cost and power consumption of the circuit breaker of the present invention with a conventional circuit breaker.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and embodiments:
as shown in fig. 1, the circuit topology of the bidirectional solid-state dc circuit breaker based on the thyristor according to the present invention includes a main circuit, a commutation circuit, an energy absorption circuit, a monitoring unit, and a gate control unit.
The main loop comprises a first DC power supply V1A second DC power supply V2The high-voltage thyristor module and the low-voltage full-control module are connected, one end of the high-voltage thyristor module is connected to the anode of a first direct-current power supply V1, the other end of the high-voltage thyristor module is connected with one end of the low-voltage full-control module, and the other end of the low-voltage full-control module is connected to the anode of a second direct-current power supply V2; and when the high-voltage thyristor module and the low-voltage full-control module are in normal operation, the high-voltage thyristor module and the low-voltage full-control module are conducted simultaneously.
The high-voltage thyristor module is formed by connecting two bidirectional switch pairs in series, the number of the bidirectional switches can be determined by specific application conditions, and the bidirectional switch pairs are formed by connecting two thyristors in reverse parallel; the low-voltage full-control module is formed by reversely connecting two low-voltage full-control switches in parallel, and each low-voltage full-control switch is formed by reversely connecting a low-voltage full-control device and a low-voltage diode in parallel.
The commutation circuit comprises a first diode (D)1) A second diode (D)2) A first resistor (R)1) The first stepTwo resistors (R)2) A first capacitor (C)1) And a first capacitance (C)2) A first high voltage diode (D)1) And a first resistance (R)1) One end of the parallel connection is connected with a first high-voltage capacitor (C)1) Is connected in series, and the other end after being connected in parallel is connected to a first direct current power supply V1Positive electrode of (2), first high-voltage capacitor (C)1) Is connected to a second direct current power supply V2The positive electrode of (1); second high voltage diode (D)2) And a second resistor (R)2) One end of the parallel connection is connected with a second high-voltage capacitor (C)2) Is connected in series, and the other end after being connected in parallel is connected to a first direct current power supply V1Positive electrode of (2), second high-voltage capacitor C2) Is connected to a second direct current power supply V2The positive electrode of (1); when the current flows in the forward direction, the first diode (D)1) Operating in the conducting state, the second diode (D)2) Operating in a blocking state, a first capacitor (C)1) Is charged; when the current flows in the reverse direction, the second diode (D)1) Operating in the on-state, first diode (D)2) Operating in the blocking state, second capacitor (C)1) Is charged.
The energy absorbing and withdrawing circuit consists of two lightning arresters, the two lightning arresters are respectively connected with the high-voltage thyristor module and the low-voltage full-control module in parallel, a main circuit current line penetrates through the Hall current sensor, the output end of the Hall current sensor is connected to the input end of the voltage comparator, and the other input end of the voltage comparator is connected with a comparison voltage VTThe output end of the voltage comparator is connected to the input end of the grid control unit, and the output end of the grid control unit is connected to the grids of all thyristors and the low-voltage full-control device.
The monitoring unit consists of a Hall current sensor and a voltage comparator, after short circuit occurs, the current of the main loop rises, so that the output voltage signal of the Hall current sensor increases, and when the output voltage signal increases to exceed a preset comparison voltage VTWhen the voltage is higher than the preset voltage, the grid control unit is triggered to work, the low-voltage full-control module is closed, and the current conversion loop passes through the capacitor (C)1Or C2) Is charged, and the direction of the charging current flowing through the high-voltage thyristor is opposite to the short-circuit current.
And the grid control unit controls the high-voltage thyristor module and the low-voltage full control module according to the comparison result of the output signal of the monitoring unit and the trigger protection signal preset inside.
Since the solid-state dc circuit breaker of the present invention has symmetry in circuit topology, the analysis is performed here by taking the forward flow of current as an example, that is, the left end of the circuit breaker is a power supply end, and the right end is a load end. The basic working principle of the circuit is as follows:
when the direct current system works in a closed state, the system voltage is mainly borne by the high-voltage thyristor module, and the low-voltage full-control module only bears a small part of the system voltage. Therefore, the solid-state direct current breaker mainly comprises a large number of cheap high-voltage thyristors and a small number of expensive low-voltage full-control devices, so that the assembly cost of the breaker is greatly reduced. When the dc system works in a normal current transmission state, as shown in fig. 2, the system current flows through the high-voltage thyristor module and the low-voltage full-control module to supply power to the load. Due to the low conduction power consumption characteristic of the thyristor, the power efficiency of the circuit breaker can be greatly improved. When a fault occurs on the load side, the short circuit current of the main circuit will rise sharply, and the rate of rise depends on the dc supply voltage and the short circuit impedance. At the same time, the output voltage signal of the hall current sensor increases due to the rise of the main loop current. When the voltage value is increased to exceed the preset voltage value, the grid driving module is triggered to work, and then the low-voltage full-control module is closed.
As shown in fig. 3, when the low-voltage full-control device is turned off, the lightning arrester connected in parallel with the low-voltage full-control module will rapidly work in the voltage clamping area, and the voltage across the lightning arrester also rapidly rises to the clamping voltage. Meanwhile, the clamping voltage is also superposed to two ends of commutation to charge the capacitance of the commutation loop. Since the charging current flows in reverse direction through the thyristor, the current on the thyristor is forced to drop to zero, thereby naturally turning off the thyristor. However, thyristors have not been completely turned off after the current zero crossing. This is due to the fact that a large number of excess carriers are also stored inside the device at the current zero crossings. Therefore, to turn off the thyristor completely, it is also necessary to extract its internal excess carriers completely out of the device. The traditional solid-state direct-current circuit breaker based on the thyristor adopts a method of reversely extracting excess carriers to enable the thyristor to complete a reverse recovery process so as to be closed. However, the reverse recovery process can generate a large reverse voltage overshoot across the device, thereby accelerating the aging speed of the device and even directly damaging the device, and reducing the reliability of the system.
After the current on the thyristor of the circuit breaker of the invention is reduced to zero, the lightning arrester connected with the low-voltage full-control device in parallel can continue to work in the leakage area, and small leakage current flows on the lightning arrester, as shown in fig. 4. At the level of the thyristor device, the leakage current is mainly borne by the fact that the thyristor extracts internal excess carriers in the forward direction. This also means that the thyristor of the circuit breaker of the invention can achieve a successful turn-off of the thyristor by means of a forward recovery process. Therefore, the problem of reverse overvoltage existing in the traditional thyristor-based circuit breaker is completely eliminated, and the reliability of the system is improved.
Fig. 5 shows the transient working waveform of the dc solid-state circuit breaker of the present invention when the dc voltage is 25kV, and it can be seen that the circuit breaker of the present invention can successfully break a fault current of 3kA within a time of millisecond order, which embodies the high-speed characteristic of the circuit breaker. Meanwhile, the thyristor inside the circuit breaker successfully realizes the forward recovery process, completely eliminates the problem of reverse overvoltage, and further improves the reliability of the system.
Fig. 6 shows the cost versus power consumption of the circuit breaker of the present invention versus a hybrid circuit breaker, an IGBT-based solid state dc circuit breaker and an IGCT-based solid state dc circuit breaker. It can be seen that the cost and power consumption of the solid-state direct current circuit breaker are lower than those of other three circuit breakers, and the effectiveness of the circuit breaker is embodied.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge in the art of designing and/or characterizing particular aspects and/or features is not described in any greater detail herein. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a two-way solid-state direct current circuit breaker based on thyristor which characterized in that: comprises a first DC power supply V1A second DC power supply V2A high-voltage thyristor module, a low-voltage full-control module, a first diode (D)1) A second diode (D)2) A first resistor (R)1) A second resistor (R)2) A first capacitor (C)1) A first capacitor (C)2) The lightning arrester, the Hall current sensor, the voltage comparator and the grid control unit;
first DC power supply V1A second DC power supply V2The high-voltage thyristor module and the low-voltage full-control module form a main loop, one end of the high-voltage thyristor module is connected to the anode of a first direct-current power supply V1, the other end of the high-voltage thyristor module is connected with one end of the low-voltage full-control module, and the other end of the low-voltage full-control module is connected to the anode of a second direct-current power supply V2; when the high-voltage thyristor module and the low-voltage full-control module work normally, the high-voltage thyristor module and the low-voltage full-control module are conducted simultaneously;
a first diode (D)1) A second diode (D)2) A first resistor (R)1) A second resistor (R)2) A first capacitor (C)1) And a first capacitance (C)2) Forming a commutation loop, said first high voltage diode (D)1) And a first resistance (R)1) One end of the parallel connection is connected with a first high-voltage capacitor (C)1) Is connected in series, and the other end after being connected in parallel is connected to a first direct current power supply V1The first high-voltage capacitor (C)1) Is connected to a second direct current power supply V2The positive electrode of (1); the second high voltage diode (D)2) And a second resistor (R)2) One end of the parallel connection is connected with a second high-voltage capacitor (C)2) Is connected in series, and the other end after being connected in parallel is connected to a first direct current power supply V1The second high-voltage capacitor C2) Is connected to a second direct current power supply V2The positive electrode of (1); when the current flows in the forward direction, the first diode (D)1) Worker's toolIn the conducting state, the second diode (D)2) Operating in a blocking state, a first capacitor (C)1) Is charged; when the current flows in the reverse direction, the second diode (D)1) Operating in the on-state, first diode (D)2) Operating in the blocking state, second capacitor (C)1) Is charged;
the two lightning arresters are respectively connected with the high-voltage thyristor module and the low-voltage full-control module in parallel, a main loop current line penetrates through the Hall current sensor, the output end of the Hall current sensor is connected to the input end of a voltage comparator, the other input end of the voltage comparator is connected with a comparison voltage VT, the output end of the voltage comparator is connected to the input end of a grid control unit, and the output end of the grid control unit is connected to the grids of the high-voltage thyristor module and the low-voltage full-control module;
the Hall current sensor and the voltage comparator form a monitoring unit, after short circuit occurs, the current of the main loop rises, so that the output voltage signal of the Hall current sensor increases, and when the output voltage signal increases to exceed a preset comparison voltage VTWhen the voltage is higher than the preset voltage, the grid control unit is triggered to work, the low-voltage full-control module is closed, and the current conversion loop passes through the capacitor (C)1Or C2) Is charged, and the direction of the charging current flowing through the high-voltage thyristor is opposite to the short-circuit current.
2. A thyristor-based bidirectional solid-state dc circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein: the high-voltage thyristor module is formed by connecting a plurality of bidirectional switch pairs in series, and the bidirectional switch pairs are formed by connecting two thyristors in reverse parallel; the low-voltage full-control module is formed by reversely connecting two low-voltage full-control switches in parallel, and each low-voltage full-control switch is formed by reversely connecting a low-voltage full-control device and a low-voltage diode in parallel; the output end of the grid control unit is connected to the grids of all thyristors and the low-voltage full-control device.
3. A thyristor-based bidirectional solid-state dc circuit breaker according to claim 2, wherein: the low-voltage full-control device is an MOSFET, an IGBT or an HEMT.
4. A thyristor-based bidirectional solid state direct current circuit breaker according to claim 3, wherein: and the grid control unit controls the high-voltage thyristor module and the low-voltage full control module according to the comparison result of the output signal of the monitoring unit and the trigger protection signal preset inside.
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| CN202110918967.8A CN113765076A (en) | 2021-08-11 | 2021-08-11 | Bidirectional solid-state direct-current circuit breaker based on thyristor |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114448408A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-06 | 电子科技大学 | Direct current solid-state circuit breaker based on cathode short circuit grid-controlled thyristor |
| CN114629098A (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-06-14 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Solid-state switch based on sectional type gapless lightning arrester and utilization rate improving method thereof |
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2021
- 2021-08-11 CN CN202110918967.8A patent/CN113765076A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114448408A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-06 | 电子科技大学 | Direct current solid-state circuit breaker based on cathode short circuit grid-controlled thyristor |
| CN114448408B (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2023-04-25 | 电子科技大学 | Direct-current solid-state circuit breaker based on cathode short-circuit gate-controlled thyristor |
| CN114629098A (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-06-14 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Solid-state switch based on sectional type gapless lightning arrester and utilization rate improving method thereof |
| CN114629098B (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-11-11 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Solid-state switch based on sectional type gapless lightning arrester and utilization rate improving method thereof |
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