CN113755783A - Electric arc spraying treatment method for steel surface - Google Patents
Electric arc spraying treatment method for steel surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN113755783A CN113755783A CN202010737274.4A CN202010737274A CN113755783A CN 113755783 A CN113755783 A CN 113755783A CN 202010737274 A CN202010737274 A CN 202010737274A CN 113755783 A CN113755783 A CN 113755783A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 4
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/131—Wire arc spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an electric arc spraying treatment method for a steel surface, which comprises an electric arc body, a grinding device, a workpiece clamping device and an automatic spraying device, and comprises the following steps of S1, surface pretreatment, S2, electric arc spraying, S3 and cooling treatment, and relates to the technical field of steel. The steel surface electric arc spraying treatment method solves the problems that a large amount of toxic smog, aluminum vapor, dust and the like can be generated in the construction process of electric arc spraying to damage the respiratory tract system of workers, in addition, strong ultraviolet and infrared radiation can be generated in the construction process to cause electric arc burning of the workers, when the spraying angle is 90 degrees, sand grains can be embedded, the spraying effect of spraying can be reduced when too many sand grains are embedded into the surface of a workpiece, and when the spraying distance is too small or the moving speed of a spray gun is too slow relative to the workpiece in the spraying process, the coating can be locally overheated, and cracks are generated on the surface of the coating due to the stress action after the coating is cooled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel products, in particular to an electric arc spraying treatment method for a steel product surface.
Background
The steel is a material with certain shape, size and performance, which is made of steel ingots, steel billets or steel materials through pressure processing. Most of steel processing is pressure processing, which causes plastic deformation of processed steel (billet, ingot, etc.). According to different processing temperatures of steel, the steel can be divided into cold processing and hot processing, the steel is an important material essential for national construction and realization of quartification, the application is wide, the variety is various, the steel is generally divided into four categories of section bars, plates, pipes and metal products according to different section shapes, and is also divided into varieties of heavy rails, light rails, large section bars, medium section bars, small section bars, steel cold-formed section bars, high-quality section bars, wire rods, medium-thickness steel plates, thin steel plates, silicon steel sheets for electricians, strip steel, seamless steel pipe steel, welded steel pipes, metal products and the like, the steel is one of essential raw materials in modern life, and the steel is widely applied in the fields of building materials, mechanical equipment, automobile manufacturing and the like. However, the steel material itself has poor corrosion resistance and corrosion resistance, and thus, the steel material needs to be subjected to surface treatment before use. The electric arc spraying is a hot spraying technology at present, and has the advantages of relatively stable spraying quality, low cost, good safety and high production efficiency.
At present, a plurality of methods are used for treating the surface of steel, one of the spraying techniques is adopted, the electric arc spraying is a hot spraying technique at present, the spraying quality is relatively stable, the cost is low, the safety is good, the production efficiency is high, but the following problems can be caused when the electric arc spraying is carried out on the surface of the steel manually;
firstly, the electric arc spraying can generate a large amount of toxic smog, aluminum vapor, dust and the like to damage the respiratory tract system of workers in the construction process, and strong ultraviolet and infrared radiation can be generated in the construction process to cause electric arc burns;
secondly, when the spraying angle is 90 degrees, sand grains are embedded, and the spraying effect of spraying is reduced when excessive sand grains are embedded into the surface of the workpiece;
thirdly, during the spraying process, when the spraying distance is too small or the speed of the spray gun moving is too slow relative to the workpiece, local overheating of the coating can be caused, and when the coating cools, cracks are generated on the surface of the coating due to the stress.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a steel surface electric arc spraying treatment method, which solves the problems that a large amount of toxic smog, aluminum vapor, dust and the like can be generated in the construction process of electric arc spraying to damage the respiratory tract system of workers, in addition, strong ultraviolet and infrared radiation can be generated in the construction process to cause electric arc burn, when the spraying angle is 90 degrees, sand grains are embedded, the spraying effect of spraying can be reduced when too much sand grains are embedded into the surface of a workpiece, and in the spraying process, the spraying distance is too small or the moving speed of a spray gun is too slow relative to the workpiece, the local overheating of a coating can be caused, and after the coating is cooled, cracks are generated on the surface of the coating due to the stress action.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the invention also provides an environment monitoring method based on the block chain, which comprises the following steps:
s1, surface pretreatment, namely, firstly, fixing and placing steel needing pretreatment on a placing plane of a grinding device, grinding the surface of the steel by using the grinding device, enabling the surface of the steel to meet the grinding requirement, soaking the ground steel in chemical degreasing liquid, taking out the steel after soaking, and flushing the residual chemical degreasing liquid of the steel by using ionized water for later use.
S2, arc spraying, wherein when the moisture on the surface of the steel after S1 is completely dried, the steel is placed on a clamping table of a workpiece clamping device, the steel is ensured to be vertical in the clamping process, the steel in the clamping process is rotated at the uniform speed, when an electric arc body is started, two metal wires which are continuously fed are placed in an electric arc to melt the metal, the molten metal is atomized by high-speed airflow, the atomized metal particles are accelerated to be sprayed to the steel to form a coating, and an automatic spraying device is used for clamping a spraying gun head before the coating is sprayed, so that the spraying gun head automatically coats the steel.
And S3, cooling, namely, taking the sprayed rod steel out of the clamping device, putting the steel into water through a tool, and rapidly cooling for standby.
Preferably, the arc body, the polishing device, the workpiece clamping device and the automatic spraying device
Preferably, the polishing in S1 is performed by 200-500 mesh polishing for 5-10min, the polishing is performed by 300-600 mesh polishing for 5-10min, and the soaking in S1 is performed for 10-15 min.
Preferably, the drying time in the step S2 is 3-5min, and the angle of the spray gun head is 75-80 degrees during spraying.
Preferably, the device comprises at least the following equipment, and an oil-water separator and an air cleaner are arranged in the arc spraying body.
Preferably, the spraying time between S1 and S2 is 1-2 h.
Preferably, the ratio of the rotation of the steel material in the clamping device of S2 to the up-and-down movement of the spray gun head by the automatic spraying device is 1: 3.
Preferably, the surface of the clamping device is provided with an outer sealing door, the outer sealing doors are mutually opened and closed to form sealing connection, the outer sealing doors are in a transparent state, and the automatic spraying device can move up and down.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides an electric arc spraying treatment method for a steel surface. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the steel surface electric arc spraying treatment method has the advantages that automatic spraying of the steel surface is achieved through the electric arc body, the polishing device, the workpiece clamping device and the automatic spraying device, manual electric arc spraying is avoided, the problem that a large amount of toxic smog, aluminum vapor, dust and the like are generated in the electric arc spraying process during construction to damage respiratory systems of workers is solved, and in addition, strong ultraviolet rays and infrared radiation can be generated in the construction process to cause electric arc burning.
(2) The electric arc spraying treatment method for the surface of the steel material comprises the steps of starting an electric arc body, placing two metal wires which are continuously fed into the electric arc to melt metal, atomizing the molten metal by using high-speed airflow, accelerating atomized metal particles to enable the atomized metal particles to be sprayed to the steel material to form a coating, clamping a spraying gun head by using an automatic spraying device before the coating is sprayed to enable the spraying gun head to automatically coat the steel material, and changing the spraying angle of the spraying gun head to 90 degrees during spraying so as to solve the problems that when the spraying angle is 90 degrees, sand grains are embedded, and the excessive sand grains are embedded into the surface of a workpiece to reduce the spraying effect of the spraying.
(3) The steel is placed on a clamping table of a workpiece clamping device, the steel is ensured to be vertical in the clamping process, the clamped steel rotates at a uniform speed, outer sealing doors are arranged on the surface of the clamping device and are opened and closed mutually to form sealing connection, the outer sealing doors are all in a transparent state, the automatic spraying device can move up and down, the speed of the rotation of the steel in the clamping device and the up-and-down movement of a spraying gun head is 1:3, the problem that the local overheating of a coating can be caused due to the fact that the spraying distance is too small or the moving speed of a spraying gun is too slow relative to the workpiece in the spraying process is solved, and cracks are generated on the surface of the coating due to the action of stress after the coating is cooled.
(4) According to the steel surface electric arc spraying treatment method, the oil-water separator and the air cleaner are arranged in the electric arc spraying body, so that when the spraying gun head is used for spraying, compressed air can be kept clean, and the surface of a workpiece can be better sprayed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the structure of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a technical scheme that: an electric arc spraying treatment method for the surface of steel comprises the following steps:
s1, surface pretreatment, namely, firstly, fixing and placing steel needing pretreatment on a placing plane of a grinding device, grinding the surface of the steel by using the grinding device, enabling the surface of the steel to meet the grinding requirement, soaking the ground steel in chemical degreasing liquid, taking out the steel after soaking, and flushing the residual chemical degreasing liquid of the steel by using ionized water for later use.
S2, arc spraying, wherein when the moisture on the surface of the steel after S1 is completely dried, the steel is placed on a clamping table of a workpiece clamping device, the steel is ensured to be vertical in the clamping process, the steel in the clamping process is rotated at the uniform speed, when an electric arc body is started, two metal wires which are continuously fed are placed in an electric arc to melt the metal, the molten metal is atomized by high-speed airflow, the atomized metal particles are accelerated to be sprayed to the steel to form a coating, and an automatic spraying device is used for clamping a spraying gun head before the coating is sprayed, so that the spraying gun head automatically coats the steel.
And S3, cooling, namely, taking the sprayed rod steel out of the clamping device, putting the steel into water through a tool, and rapidly cooling for standby.
Further, the device comprises at least the following equipment, wherein an oil-water separator and an air cleaner are arranged in the arc spraying body.
Further, the sanding in S1 was performed with 200 mesh for 5min, and the sanding in S1 was performed with 300 mesh for 5min, and the soaking time in S1 was 7.5 min.
Further, in the step S2, the drying time is 3min, and the angle of the spray gun head is 75 degrees during spraying.
Further, an oil-water separator and an air cleaner are arranged in the arc spraying body.
Further, the spraying time between S1 and S2 was 1 h.
Further, the ratio of the rotation of the steel material in the clamping device of S2 and the up-and-down movement of the spray gun head by the automatic spraying device is 1: 1.
Furthermore, the surface of the clamping device is provided with an outer sealing door, the outer sealing doors are mutually opened and closed to form sealing connection, the outer sealing doors are in a transparent state, and the automatic spraying device can realize up-and-down movement.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a technical scheme that: an electric arc spraying treatment method for the surface of steel comprises the following steps:
s1, surface pretreatment, namely, firstly, fixing and placing steel needing pretreatment on a placing plane of a grinding device, grinding the surface of the steel by using the grinding device, enabling the surface of the steel to meet the grinding requirement, soaking the ground steel in chemical degreasing liquid, taking out the steel after soaking, and flushing the residual chemical degreasing liquid of the steel by using ionized water for later use.
S2, arc spraying, wherein when the moisture on the surface of the steel after S1 is completely dried, the steel is placed on a clamping table of a workpiece clamping device, the steel is ensured to be vertical in the clamping process, the steel in the clamping process is rotated at the uniform speed, when an electric arc body is started, two metal wires which are continuously fed are placed in an electric arc to melt the metal, the molten metal is atomized by high-speed airflow, the atomized metal particles are accelerated to be sprayed to the steel to form a coating, and an automatic spraying device is used for clamping a spraying gun head before the coating is sprayed, so that the spraying gun head automatically coats the steel.
And S3, cooling, namely, taking the sprayed rod steel out of the clamping device, putting the steel into water through a tool, and rapidly cooling for standby.
Further, the device comprises at least the following equipment, wherein an oil-water separator and an air cleaner are arranged in the arc spraying body.
Further, the sanding in S1 was performed with 350 mesh for 5min, the sanding in S1 was performed with 7.5min, and the soaking in S1 was performed with 450 mesh for 7.5 min.
Further, in S2, the drying time is 4.5min, and the angle of the spray gun head is 77.5 degrees during spraying.
Further, an oil-water separator and an air cleaner are arranged in the arc spraying body.
Further, the spraying time between S1 and S2 was 1.5 h.
Further, the ratio of the rotation of the steel material in the clamping device of S2 and the up-and-down movement of the spray gun head by the automatic spraying device is 1: 2.
Furthermore, the surface of the clamping device is provided with an outer sealing door, the outer sealing doors are mutually opened and closed to form sealing connection, the outer sealing doors are in a transparent state, and the automatic spraying device can realize up-and-down movement.
Example 3
The embodiment of the invention provides a technical scheme that: an electric arc spraying treatment method for the surface of steel comprises the following steps:
s1, surface pretreatment, namely, firstly, fixing and placing steel needing pretreatment on a placing plane of a grinding device, grinding the surface of the steel by using the grinding device, enabling the surface of the steel to meet the grinding requirement, soaking the ground steel in chemical degreasing liquid, taking out the steel after soaking, and flushing the residual chemical degreasing liquid of the steel by using ionized water for later use.
S2, arc spraying, wherein when the moisture on the surface of the steel after S1 is completely dried, the steel is placed on a clamping table of a workpiece clamping device, the steel is ensured to be vertical in the clamping process, the steel in the clamping process is rotated at the uniform speed, when an electric arc body is started, two metal wires which are continuously fed are placed in an electric arc to melt the metal, the molten metal is atomized by high-speed airflow, the atomized metal particles are accelerated to be sprayed to the steel to form a coating, and an automatic spraying device is used for clamping a spraying gun head before the coating is sprayed, so that the spraying gun head automatically coats the steel.
And S3, cooling, namely, taking the sprayed rod steel out of the clamping device, putting the steel into water through a tool, and rapidly cooling for standby.
Further, the device comprises at least the following equipment, wherein an oil-water separator and an air cleaner are arranged in the arc spraying body.
Further, the polishing in S1 is performed by 500 mesh for 5min, and the polishing in S1 is performed by 600 mesh for 10min, and the soaking time in S1 is 10 min.
Further, in the step S2, the drying time is 5min, and the angle of the spray gun head is 80 degrees during spraying.
Further, an oil-water separator and an air cleaner are arranged in the arc spraying body.
Further, the spraying time between S1 and S2 was 2 h.
Further, the ratio of the rotation of the steel material in the clamping device of S2 and the up-and-down movement of the spray gun head by the automatic spraying device is 1: 3.
Furthermore, the surface of the clamping device is provided with an outer sealing door, the outer sealing doors are mutually opened and closed to form sealing connection, the outer sealing doors are in a transparent state, and the automatic spraying device can realize up-and-down movement.
And those not described in detail in this specification are well within the skill of those in the art.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. An electric arc spraying treatment method for the surface of steel comprises the following steps:
s1, surface pretreatment, namely, firstly, fixedly placing steel to be pretreated on a placing plane of a polishing device, polishing the surface of the steel by using the polishing device, enabling the surface of the steel to meet the polishing requirement, soaking the polished steel in chemical degreasing fluid, taking out the steel after soaking, and flushing the chemical degreasing fluid remained in the steel by using ionized water for later use;
s2, arc spraying, wherein when the moisture on the surface of the steel after S1 is completely dried, the steel is placed on a clamping table of a workpiece clamping device, the steel is ensured to be vertical in the clamping process, the steel in the clamping process is rotated at the uniform speed, when an electric arc body is started, two metal wires which are continuously fed are placed in an electric arc to melt the metal, the molten metal is atomized by high-speed airflow, the atomized metal particles are accelerated to be sprayed to the steel to form a coating, and an automatic spraying device is used for clamping a spraying gun head before the coating is sprayed, so that the spraying gun head automatically coats the steel;
and S3, cooling, namely, taking the sprayed rod steel out of the clamping device, putting the steel into water through a tool, and rapidly cooling for standby.
2. A steel surface arc spraying treatment method according to claim 1, comprising at least the following equipment, an arc body, a grinding device, a work holding device, and an automatic spraying device.
3. A steel surface arc spraying treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the polishing in the S1 is performed by 200-500 meshes for 5-10min, the polishing is performed by 300-600 meshes for 5-10min, and the soaking in the S1 for 10-15 min.
4. A steel surface arc spraying treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step S2, the drying time is 3-5min, and the angle of the spray gun head is 75-80 degrees during spraying.
5. A steel surface arc spraying treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: an oil-water separator and an air cleaner are arranged in the electric arc spraying body.
6. A steel surface arc spraying treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the spraying time between S1 and S2 is 1-2 h.
7. A steel surface arc spraying treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ratio of the rotation of the steel in the S2 clamping device to the up-and-down movement of the spraying gun head by the automatic spraying device is 1: 3.
8. A steel surface arc spraying treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the surface of the clamping device is provided with an outer sealing door, the outer sealing doors are mutually opened and closed to form sealing connection, the outer sealing doors are in a transparent state, and the automatic spraying device can move up and down.
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CN1262352A (en) * | 1997-08-11 | 2000-08-09 | 雷德曼卡德制布有限公司 | Method and equipment for finishing fabric surface with coated steel wire |
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2020
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Title |
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Application publication date: 20211207 |