CN113740429A - Method for measuring ultrasonic flaw detection blind area at step of disc forging - Google Patents
Method for measuring ultrasonic flaw detection blind area at step of disc forging Download PDFInfo
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- CN113740429A CN113740429A CN202111035462.3A CN202111035462A CN113740429A CN 113740429 A CN113740429 A CN 113740429A CN 202111035462 A CN202111035462 A CN 202111035462A CN 113740429 A CN113740429 A CN 113740429A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002592 echocardiography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/30—Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for measuring an ultrasonic flaw detection blind area at a step of a disc forging, which comprises the steps of preparing a reference block; starting an ultrasonic flaw detection system; moving an ultrasonic probe above a to-be-measured flat-bottom hole, and adjusting the angle of the ultrasonic probe, the plane position of the flat-bottom hole and the gain of an ultrasonic flaw detector; and pushing the movable step block from the edge of the base block, moving along the scale line to the other edge, observing an ultrasonic wave oscillogram, stopping moving until the change of the echo of the flat-bottom hole is reduced and the height of the echo is 40% of the full scale, and recording the plane distance between the movable step block and the center of the flat-bottom hole at the moment, wherein the distance is the flaw detection blind area under the current test condition. By adopting the method provided by the invention, the blind zone generated by the objective existence of the step structure in the water immersion ultrasonic flaw detection process of the disc forging of the aeroengine can be rapidly determined, and the rule that the step of the disc forging influences the ultrasonic detection blind zone is found and used for guiding the process establishment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of disc forging detection, and particularly relates to a method for measuring an ultrasonic flaw detection blind area at a step of a disc forging.
Background
Ultrasonic inspection is a non-destructive inspection technique for finding component defects by using the principle that ultrasonic energy can cause reflection, refraction and transmission at the interface between the component defect and the body. The detection method generally adopts a multi-axis automatic ultrasonic detection system, uses clean water as a coupling agent, vertically irradiates sound waves generated by an ultrasonic probe to the surface of the disc forging, receives echoes from the bottom surface of the disc forging, and judges whether the part is qualified or not by observing the waveform change between surface reflected waves and bottom waves. Before part detection, an ultrasonic detection process procedure of the disc forging needs to be worked out, and an ultrasonic detection blind area (a part which cannot be monitored by ultrasonic waves) is determined. The blind areas are generally considered to be undetectable areas on the upper surface and the lower surface of the part, and the sizes of the blind areas on the upper surface and the lower surface of the part are verified by actually manufacturing the blind areas on the upper surface and the lower surface, so that the forging blank manufacturing is guided, and sufficient machining allowance is reserved.
The aeroengine disc consists of a hub, a web plate and a rim, a plurality of structural steps can appear after forging and machining, and no standard or reference data exists whether the structural steps can bring blind areas to water immersion ultrasonic flaw detection or not.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for measuring an ultrasonic flaw detection blind area at a step of a disc forging.
A method for measuring an ultrasonic flaw detection blind area at a step of a disc forging specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a water immersion flaw detection system, an ultrasonic probe and a reference block for verifying the step ultrasonic flaw detection blind area;
step two: connecting an ultrasonic probe to a water immersion ultrasonic flaw detection system, starting the system, and placing a base block on a detection platform of the water immersion ultrasonic flaw detection system;
step three: moving an ultrasonic probe above a to-be-measured flat-bottom hole, adjusting the angle of the ultrasonic probe to enable an ultrasonic sound beam to be vertical to the upper surface of the base block, placing the focal point of the probe at the depth center of the base block, adjusting the plane positions of the probe and the flat-bottom hole at the same time until the reflection echo height of the flat-bottom hole is maximum, and adjusting the gain of an ultrasonic flaw detector at the moment to enable the echo of the flat-bottom hole to reach 80% of full scale;
step four: pushing the movable step block in from the edge of the base block, moving along the scale line to the other edge, observing an ultrasonic wave oscillogram, stopping moving until the change of the echo of the flat-bottom hole is reduced and the height of the echo is 40% of the full scale, and recording the plane distance between the movable step block and the center of the flat-bottom hole at the moment, wherein the distance is a flaw detection blind area under the current test condition;
step five: and replacing the movable step test blocks with different thicknesses, and repeating the first step to the fourth step to obtain specific flaw detection dead zones of the steps with different heights of the disc forging in the forging.
The material and the processing technology of the reference block are the same as those of the detected disc forging.
The comparison test block comprises a base block and a plurality of movable step blocks, the height of the base block is the same as the thickness of the forged piece of the detected disc, and the height of the movable step blocks is the same as the height of the steps of the forged piece of the machined rear disc and is used for simulating the height of the steps of the forged piece of the machined rear disc.
And the upper surface of the base block is provided with scale marks along the length direction, and the scale marks are used for size calibration in the blind area verification process.
The base block is a cuboid, steps with different heights are upwards arranged from the bottom, and flat-bottom holes are formed in the surfaces of the steps, so that flat-bottom holes with different depths from the upper surface of the base block are formed, and the capability of finding defects with different depths through ultrasonic flaw detection is verified.
The mobile step block comprises a plurality of square blocks with different heights.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for measuring the ultrasonic flaw detection blind area at the step of a disc-shaped part, which can accurately find the corresponding relation between the step height and the ultrasonic flaw detection blind area, namely, the higher the step is, the larger the ultrasonic flaw detection blind area (the area which can not be detected) is. The method provided by the invention can quickly determine the blind area generated by the objective existence of the step structure in the water immersion ultrasonic flaw detection process of the disc forging of the aeroengine, find the rule that the steps of the disc forging affect the ultrasonic detection blind area, and is used for guiding the process establishment, thereby improving the processing process of the disc forging and the ultrasonic flaw detection process, guiding the forging processing process to avoid the existence of the steps to eliminate the flaw detection blind area, or selecting a more appropriate probe, such as reducing the size of an ultrasonic wafer of the probe or increasing the focusing length, to reduce the flaw detection blind area, ensure the product quality and reduce the product missing detection risk.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a base block provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a mobile step block according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a blind area verification process in this embodiment performed by the method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of ultrasonic waves when the method provided by the present invention is used for blind zone verification in the present embodiment;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
1-base block, 2-movable step block, 3-flat bottom hole, 4-graduation line and 5-ultrasonic probe.
Detailed Description
For better understanding of the present invention, the technical solutions and effects of the present invention will be described in detail by the following embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A method for measuring an ultrasonic flaw detection blind area at a step of a disc forging specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and preparing a water immersion flaw detection system, an ultrasonic probe 5 and a reference block for verifying the step ultrasonic flaw detection blind area.
The material and the processing technology of the reference block are the same as those of the detected disc forging.
The comparison test block comprises a base block 1 and a plurality of mobile step blocks 2, the height of the base block 1 is the same as the thickness of the forged piece of the detected disc, and the height of the mobile step blocks 2 is the same as the height of the steps of the forged piece of the machined rear disc and is used for simulating the height of the steps of the forged piece of the machined rear disc.
The upper surface of the base block 1 is provided with scale marks 4 along the length direction, and the scale marks are used for size calibration in the blind area verification process.
Step two: connecting the ultrasonic probe 5 to a water immersion ultrasonic flaw detection system, starting the system, and placing the base block 1 on a detection platform of the water immersion ultrasonic flaw detection system.
Base block 1 is the cuboid, upwards offers the step of co-altitude not from the bottom, and flat bottom hole 3 has been offered on the step surface to form the flat bottom hole 3 apart from the 1 upper surface different degree of depth of base block for verify the ability of the different degree of depth defect of ultrasonic inspection discovery.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the width of the base block 1 is 50mm, the height is 100mm, the length is 350mm, seven steps with different heights are averagely formed from the bottom to the top, a flat-bottom hole 3 with a diameter of 1.2mm × 10mm is formed in the lower surface of each step, the height from the bottom surface of the flat-bottom hole 3 to the upper surface of the base block 1, that is, the buried depth of the flat-bottom hole 3, is 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 50mm, 70mm, 80mm, 90mm, and represents a defect with a depth of 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 50mm, 70mm, 80mm, 90mm, respectively (the defect size equivalent is 1.2 mm). Specifically, the results are shown in Table 1. In order to improve the verification accuracy, the height from the bottom surface of the flat-bottom hole 3 to the upper surface of the base block 1 is increased, the number of the heights from the bottom surface of the flat-bottom hole 3 to the upper surface of the base block 1 is not limited, and the verification accuracy is higher when the number is larger.
Table 1 the step height and the buried depth of the flat bottom hole 3 of the base block 1 in this embodiment are specified
| Serial number | Height of step | Depth of |
|
| 1 | 20 | 10 | 10 |
| 2 | 30 | 10 | 20 |
| 3 | 40 | 10 | 30 |
| 4 | 60 | 10 | 50 |
| 5 | 80 | 10 | 70 |
| 6 | 90 | 10 | 80 |
| 7 | 100 | 10 | 90 |
As shown in fig. 3, the moving step block 2 includes square blocks of different heights. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the moving step block 2, and specific heights of the moving step blocks 2 provided in the present embodiment are shown in table 2. Taking the thickness of the moving step block 2 of the present embodiment as an example, the detection blind area when the height of the step of the disc forging is 40mm and the height of the bottom surface of the flat bottom hole 3 from the upper surface of the base block 1 is 50mm is verified.
Table 2 height details of the moving step block 2 of the present embodiment
Step three: moving the ultrasonic probe 5 to a position above the flat-bottom hole 3 to be measured, adjusting the angle of the ultrasonic probe 5 to make the ultrasonic sound beam perpendicular to the upper surface of the base block 1, and placing the focal point of the probe at the depth center of the base block, wherein the height of the base block 1 in the present embodiment is 100mm, so that the focal point position of the probe in the present embodiment, that is, the depth center of the base block is 50mm, and simultaneously adjusting the planar position of the probe and the flat-bottom hole 3 until the height of the echo reflected by the flat-bottom hole 3 is maximum, and at this time, adjusting the gain of the ultrasonic flaw detector to make the echo of the flat-bottom hole 3 reach 80% of the full scale, as shown in fig. 4 (a); wherein A is an interface wave, i.e. a reflected wave of the upper surface of the base block 1; b is a reflected wave of the flat-bottom hole 3, and 80 percent; c is a bottom wave, i.e., a reflected wave from the bottom surface of the base block 1.
Step four: pushing the moving step block 2 in from the edge of the base block 1, moving along the scale mark 4 to the other edge, and observing the ultrasonic waveform diagram until the change of the echo of the flat-bottom hole 3 is reduced and the movement is stopped when the echo height is 40% of the full scale, as shown in fig. 4(b), wherein A is interfacial wave, namely the reflected wave of the upper surface of the base block 1; b is a reflected wave of the flat-bottom hole 3, and is 60 percent; c is a bottom wave, i.e., a reflected wave from the bottom surface of the base block 1. And recording the plane distance between the movable step block 2 and the center of the flat-bottom hole 3, wherein the distance is the flaw detection blind area of the step of 40mm and the disc forging of 50mm under the test conditions.
Step five: and replacing the movable step test blocks with different thicknesses, and repeating the first step to the fourth step to obtain specific flaw detection dead zones of the steps with different heights of the disc forging in the forging.
Claims (6)
1. The method for measuring the ultrasonic flaw detection blind area at the step of the disc forging is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a water immersion flaw detection system, an ultrasonic probe and a reference block for verifying the step ultrasonic flaw detection blind area;
step two: connecting an ultrasonic probe to a water immersion ultrasonic flaw detection system, starting the system, and placing a base block on a detection platform of the water immersion ultrasonic flaw detection system;
step three: moving an ultrasonic probe above a to-be-measured flat-bottom hole, adjusting the angle of the ultrasonic probe to enable an ultrasonic sound beam to be vertical to the upper surface of the base block, placing the focal point of the probe at the depth center of the base block, adjusting the plane positions of the probe and the flat-bottom hole at the same time until the reflection echo height of the flat-bottom hole is maximum, and adjusting the gain of an ultrasonic flaw detector at the moment to enable the echo of the flat-bottom hole to reach 80% of full scale;
step four: pushing the movable step block in from the edge of the base block, moving along the scale line to the other edge, observing an ultrasonic wave oscillogram, stopping moving until the change of the echo of the flat-bottom hole is reduced and the height of the echo is 40% of the full scale, and recording the plane distance between the movable step block and the center of the flat-bottom hole at the moment, wherein the distance is a flaw detection blind area under the current test condition;
step five: and replacing the movable step test blocks with different thicknesses, and repeating the first step to the fourth step to obtain specific flaw detection dead zones of the steps with different heights of the disc forging in the forging.
2. The method for measuring the ultrasonic flaw detection blind area at the step of the disc forging as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the material and the processing technology of the reference block are the same as those of the detected disc forging.
3. The method for measuring the ultrasonic flaw detection blind area at the step of the disc forging as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the comparison test block comprises a base block and a plurality of movable step blocks, the height of the base block is the same as the thickness of the forged piece of the detected disc, and the height of the movable step blocks is the same as the height of the steps of the forged piece of the machined rear disc and is used for simulating the height of the steps of the forged piece of the machined rear disc.
4. The method for measuring the ultrasonic flaw detection blind area at the step of the disc forging as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the upper surface of the base block is provided with scale marks along the length direction, and the scale marks are used for size calibration in the blind area verification process.
5. The method for measuring the ultrasonic flaw detection blind area at the step of the disc forging as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the base block is a cuboid, steps with different heights are upwards arranged from the bottom, and flat-bottom holes are formed in the surfaces of the steps, so that flat-bottom holes with different depths from the upper surface of the base block are formed, and the capability of finding defects with different depths through ultrasonic flaw detection is verified.
6. The method for measuring the ultrasonic flaw detection blind area at the step of the disc forging as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mobile step block comprises a plurality of square blocks with different heights.
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