CN109507302B - Comparative reflector test block and method for measuring weld defects of thinner plates - Google Patents
Comparative reflector test block and method for measuring weld defects of thinner plates Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002592 echocardiography Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/30—Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/043—Analysing solids in the interior, e.g. by shear waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/11—Analysing solids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
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- G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/267—Welds
- G01N2291/2675—Seam, butt welding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of building steel structures and metal welding, and particularly relates to a comparative reflector test block and a method for measuring welding line defects of thinner plates, wherein the thickness of a test block body is the same as that of a detected welding line parent metal, the thickness t of the test block body is 4-10 mm, and the width of the test block body is more than 2 times of that of an oblique probe; the test block body is provided with a first round hole, a second round hole, a first slot hole, a third round hole and a second slot hole, wherein the distance between the central axis of the second round hole and the projection of the central axis of the third round hole on the first surface or the second surface of the test block body meets the echo sound path of at least secondary reflected waves of the inclined probe; the contrast reflector test block can reflect sound waves emitted by the oblique probe for multiple times, so that the defects of the welding line are measured, the operation is simple and convenient, and the defects of the welding line on the surface to be measured, which has foreign matters which are not easy to remove, can be accurately detected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building steel structures and metal welding, and particularly relates to a comparative reflector test block and a method for measuring weld defects of thinner plates.
Background
At present, the method for ultrasonic flaw detection of the welding line of the building steel structure is a direct method or a primary reflection method. Test blocks adopted for manufacturing the distance-amplitude curve of the ultrasonic flaw detection of the welding line are all adopted in a direct wave method. Ultrasonic detection of on-site welding of a building steel structure is often limited by construction conditions, and a direct method or a primary reflection method cannot fully check the quality of welding seams. For example, the detection surface is blocked and is not easy to clean; one detection surface is used for pouring concrete, and only one detection surface is used for checking the quality of a welding line; the detection surface cannot be processed smoothly, so that the echo energy has larger error under the condition of the same sound path of the reflected waves of the direct method and the primary reflection method, and the distance-amplitude curve of the ultrasonic flaw detection of the welding line by the direct wave method cannot be suitable for the ultrasonic flaw detection of the welding line by the primary reflection method and cannot be suitable for the repeated reflection wave method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a comparative reflector test block and a method for measuring the weld defects of thinner plates.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the comparative reflector test block for determining the weld defects of the thinner plates comprises a test block body, wherein the test block body is a cuboid, the thickness of the test block body is the same as the thickness of a detected weld parent metal, the thickness t of the test block body is 4-10 mm, and the width of the test block body is larger than 2 times of the width of the oblique probe;
the middle part of the bottom surface of the test block body is provided with a first slotted hole, the bottom surface of the right end of the test block body is provided with a second slotted hole, the cross sections of the first slotted hole and the second slotted hole are square, and the first slotted hole and the second slotted hole are arranged along the width direction of the test block body;
the test block body is provided with a first round hole and a second round hole from top to bottom in sequence above the first slot hole, and the first round hole and the second round hole are formed along the width direction of the test block body;
the center axis of the first round hole, the center axis of the second round hole and the center line of the bottom surface of the test block body at the opening side of the first slot hole are positioned on the same plane F, and the included angle beta between the plane F and the bottom surface meets the following relation:
beta is not less than alpha, and beta is not equal to 90 degrees;
wherein alpha is the ultrasonic incidence angle of the oblique probe emitted by the test block body, and the incidence angle is the included angle between the ultrasonic emitted by the oblique probe and the thickness direction of the test block body;
the test block body is provided with a third round hole above the second slotted hole, and the third round hole is formed along the width direction of the test block body;
the aperture of the first round hole, the aperture of the second round hole and the aperture of the third round hole are the same, the distance between the axes of the first slotted hole and the second slotted hole meets the echo sound path of at least secondary reflected waves of the inclined probe, and the shortest distance meets the echo sound path of at least secondary reflected waves of the inclined probe among the distances from the first round hole, the second round hole and the first slotted hole to the left end face of the test block body.
The central axes of the first round hole, the second round hole and the third round hole are not positioned at the same height in the thickness direction of the test block body, and the hole heights of the first slotted hole and the second slotted hole are different.
The roughness of the test block body is the same as that of the detected weld joint parent metal.
The aperture A of the first round hole, the second round hole and the third round hole is 1-3 mm; the hole heights of the first slot hole and the second slot hole are 1-2 mm;
the clearance between the first round hole and the second round hole is (5 t/12A)/sin beta-A, and the clearance between the second round hole and the opening surface of the first slot hole is (t/3)/sin beta-A/2.
When the third round hole is positioned right above the second slotted hole, the clear distance between the third round hole and the second slotted hole is 4 t/5-A/2-the hole height of the second slotted hole.
When the comparative reflector test block for measuring the welding line defects of the thinner plates is used for detecting strip defects in the welding line:
the first round hole, the second round hole and the third round hole penetrate through the test block body along the width direction of the test block body; the first slot and the second slot penetrate through the bottom surface of the test block body along the width direction of the test block body.
When the comparative reflector test block for detecting the weld defects of the thinner plates is used for detecting the spot defects of the weld, arc-shaped grooves are formed in the opening ends of the first round hole, the second round hole, the third round hole, the first slotted hole and the second slotted hole, the opening ends of the first round hole, the second round hole and the third round hole are all positioned at the tops of arc surfaces corresponding to the arc grooves, the opening ends of the second round hole and the first slotted hole are positioned on the arc surfaces of the same arc groove, and the diameter of the arc groove is 10-30 mm;
blind holes of the first round hole, the second round hole and the third round hole along the width direction of the test block body; the first slot and the second slot do not penetrate through the bottom surface of the test block body along the width direction of the test block body; the depths of the first round hole, the second round hole and the third round hole are all 3-6 mm.
The method for measuring the weld defects of the thinner plates is carried out by the comparative reflector test block for measuring the weld defects of the thinner plates, and comprises the following steps of:
placing an inclined probe on the top surface or the bottom surface of the test block body, and obliquely transmitting ultrasonic waves into the test block body, wherein the ultrasonic waves transmitted by the inclined probe can be reflected back and forth between the bottom surface and the top surface of the test block body to move forwards;
the position of the inclined probe is adjusted, so that ultrasonic waves emitted by the inclined probe reach the first round hole, the second round hole, the third round hole, the first slotted hole and the second slotted hole after being reflected at least twice;
making a distance-amplitude curve of the hole depth according to the dB values of the echo of the reflected waves of the first round hole, the second round hole and the third round hole;
manufacturing a slot hole high-amplitude curve according to the dB values of the reflected wave echoes of the first slot hole and the second slot hole;
the weld defects were analyzed by distance-amplitude curves and slot hole height-amplitude curves.
The upper part of the plane F is inclined towards the left end of the test block body, when the oblique probe is placed on the top surface of the test block body, the ultrasonic waves emitted by the oblique probe reach the second round hole after being reflected at least twice, the oblique probe is positioned on the right side of the second round hole, when the ultrasonic waves emitted by the oblique probe reach the second round hole after being reflected at least twice, the oblique probe is positioned on the left side of the second round hole;
when the oblique probe is placed on the top surface of the test block body, the ultrasonic waves emitted by the oblique probe reach the first round hole after being reflected at least twice, the oblique probe is positioned on the left side of the first round hole, and when the oblique probe is placed on the bottom surface of the test block body, the ultrasonic waves emitted by the oblique probe reach the first round hole after being reflected at least twice, the oblique probe is positioned on the right side of the first round hole.
When the roughness of the test block body is different from the roughness of the weld joint parent metal, the distance-amplitude curve graph is corrected.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial characteristics:
the thickness of the test block body of the comparative reflector test block for measuring the weld defects of the thinner plates is the same as the thickness of the detected weld parent metal; the middle part of the bottom surface of the test block body is provided with a first slot hole, the bottom surface of the right end of the test block body is provided with a second slot hole, the cross section shapes of the first slot hole and the second slot hole are square, the first slot hole and the second slot hole are arranged along the width direction of the test block body, and the first slot hole and the second slot hole are slot hole reflectors and are used for detecting the root defects of welding seams; the test block body is provided with a first round hole and a second round hole from top to bottom in sequence above the first slot hole, and the first round hole and the second round hole are formed along the width direction of the test block body; the test block body is provided with a third round hole above the second slotted hole, and the third round hole is formed along the width direction of the test block body; the first round hole, the second round hole and the third round hole are round hole reflectors and are used for detecting defects in the middle of the welding line; the aperture of the first round hole, the aperture of the second round hole and the aperture of the third round hole are the same, the distance between the axes of the first slotted hole and the second slotted hole meets the echo sound path of at least secondary reflected waves of the oblique probe, the shortest distance meets the echo sound path of at least secondary reflected waves of the oblique probe in the distance between the first round hole, the second round hole and the left end face of the test block body, the central axis of the first round hole, the central axis of the second round hole and the central line of the bottom face of the test block body on the opening side of the first slotted hole are positioned on the same plane F, in order to detect the plate with smaller thickness, the thickness t of the test block body is 4-10 mm, the thickness is smaller, therefore, the included angle beta between the plane F and the bottom face is required to meet the condition that beta is not smaller than alpha, and beta is not equal to 90 degrees, so that when the ultrasonic waves emitted by the oblique probe reach the first round hole, the second round hole, the third round hole, the first slotted hole and the second slotted hole are not interfered with each other after being reflected at least twice; wherein alpha is the ultrasonic incidence angle of the oblique probe emitted by the test block body, and the incidence angle is the included angle between the ultrasonic emitted by the oblique probe and the thickness direction of the test block body; when the comparative reflector test block for measuring the weld defects of the thinner plates is adopted to measure the weld defects, the inclined probe is placed on the top surface or the bottom surface of the test block body, the inclined probe obliquely emits ultrasonic waves into the test block body, and the ultrasonic waves emitted by the inclined probe can be reflected back and forth between the bottom surface and the top surface of the test block body to move forwards; the position of the inclined probe is adjusted, so that ultrasonic waves emitted by the inclined probe reach the first round hole, the second round hole, the third round hole, the first slotted hole and the second slotted hole after being reflected at least twice; making a distance-amplitude curve of the hole depth according to the dB values of the echo of the reflected waves of the first round hole, the second round hole and the third round hole; manufacturing a slot hole high-amplitude curve according to the dB values of the reflected wave echoes of the first slot hole and the second slot hole; the weld defects were analyzed by distance-amplitude curves and slot hole height-amplitude curves. Therefore, when the contrast reflector test block detects the weld defects, the ultrasonic waves emitted by the inclined probe are reflected for multiple times, and the advancing path is a broken line, so that when the detection surface is blocked and is not easy to clear, the contrast reflector test block can accurately detect the defects at the weld without being influenced by foreign matters which are not easy to remove on the surface to be detected, and the problems in the prior art are solved.
As can be seen from the beneficial effects of the comparative reflector test block for determining the weld defects of the thinner plates, the method provided by the invention solves the following technical problems: in the actual field detection process, a direct wave or primary reflection wave method is adopted, the weld joint detection surface is required to be cleaned and polished, however, in the field condition, some detection surfaces are not easy to be cleaned and polished completely. The adoption of the repeated reflection wave flaw detection can improve the detection working efficiency and the detectability of the flaw detection of the welding seam; meanwhile, when the thickness of the plate is smaller, ultrasonic waves emitted by the inclined probe reach the first round hole, the second round hole, the third round hole, the first slot hole and the second slot hole after being reflected at least twice, and the first round hole, the second round hole, the third round hole, the first slot hole and the second slot hole are mutually interfered. In summary, the method for measuring the weld defects of the thinner plates is simple and convenient to operate, and the defects of the weld on the measured surface, which is difficult to remove, on the surface can be accurately detected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the definition of each side of a block body according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a stripe defect detection contrast reflector according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the first hole, the second hole and the first slot portion of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the right end of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is an isometric view of the embodiment of FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a point defect detection contrast reflector according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the first hole, the second hole and the first slot portion of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the right end of FIG. 7;
FIG. 10 is a top view of FIG. 7;
FIG. 11 is an isometric view of the embodiment of FIG. 7;
FIG. 12 is a graph of distance-amplitude of the secondary reflected wave of 5P6X6K2 (used for flaw detection in strip);
FIG. 13 is a graph of 5P6X6K2 secondary reflected wave aperture high-amplitude (strip root defect inspection);
fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of an application example of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-test block body, 2-inclined probe, 3-first round hole, 4-second round hole, 5-first slotted hole, 6-third round hole, 7-second slotted hole, 8-circular arc groove, 9-steel column, 10-weld joint, 11-concrete panel, 12-flange plate, 13-girder steel, 14-foreign matter that is difficult to get rid of.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
The invention relates to a comparative reflector test block for measuring weld defects of thinner plates, which comprises a test block body 1, wherein the test block body 1 is a cuboid, a first surface 1-1 and a second surface 1-2 of the test block body 1 are a group of opposite surfaces in the thickness direction of the test block body 1, a third surface 1-3 and a fourth surface 1-4 of the test block body 1 are a group of opposite surfaces in the width direction of the test block body 1, and a fifth surface 1-5 and a sixth surface 1-6 of the test block body 1 are a group of opposite surfaces in the length direction of the test block body 1; the thickness of the test block body 1 is the same as the thickness of the detected weld joint parent metal, the thickness t of the test block body 1 is 4-10 mm, and the width of the test block body 1 is 2 times larger than the width of the inclined probe 2; referring to fig. 2 to 11, a first slot 5 is formed in the middle of the bottom surface (i.e., the second surface 1-2) of the test block body 1, a second slot 7 is formed on the bottom surface of the right end of the test block body 1, the cross-sectional shapes of the first slot 5 and the second slot 7 are square, and the first slot 5 and the second slot 7 are formed along the width direction of the test block body 1; the test block body 1 is provided with a first round hole 3 and a second round hole 4 from top to bottom in sequence above the first slot 5, and the first round hole 3 and the second round hole 4 are formed along the width direction of the test block body 1; the center axis of the first round hole 3, the center axis of the second round hole 4, and the center line of the bottom surface of the test block body 1 at the opening side of the first slot 5 are in the same plane F, and the included angle beta between the plane F and the bottom surface satisfies the following relationship:
beta is not less than alpha, and beta is not equal to 90 degrees;
wherein alpha is the ultrasonic incident angle of the oblique probe 2 emitted by the test block body 1, and the incident angle is the included angle between the ultrasonic emitted by the oblique probe 2 and the thickness direction of the test block body 1;
the test block body 1 is provided with a third round hole 6 above the second slotted hole 7, and the third round hole 6 is formed along the width direction of the test block body 1;
the apertures of the first round hole 3, the second round hole 4 and the third round hole 6 are the same, the distance L1 between the axes of the first slotted hole 5 and the second slotted hole 7 meets the echo sound path of at least secondary reflected waves of the inclined probe 2, and the shortest distance L2 among the distances from the first round hole 3, the second round hole 4 and the first slotted hole 5 to the left end face of the test block body 1 respectively meets the echo sound path of at least secondary reflected waves of the inclined probe 2.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, in an embodiment of the present invention, a comparative reflector test block for measuring a weld defect of a thinner sheet material is used for detecting a strip defect in a weld, and at this time, a first round hole 3, a second round hole 4, and a third round hole 6 penetrate through a test block body 1 along a width direction of the test block body 1; the first slot 5 and the second slot 7 penetrate the bottom surface of the test block body 1 in the width direction of the test block body 1.
As shown in fig. 7 to 11, in another embodiment of the present invention, a comparative reflector test block for measuring a weld defect of a thinner sheet material is a comparative reflector test block for detecting a spot defect of a weld, at this time, arc-shaped grooves 8 are formed in the test block body 1 at the open ends of the first circular hole 3, the second circular hole 4, the third circular hole 6, the first slot 5 and the second slot 7, the open ends of the first circular hole 3, the second circular hole 4 and the third circular hole 6 are all located at the top of the arc surface corresponding to the arc-shaped grooves 8, the open ends of the second circular hole 4 and the first slot 5 are located on the arc surface of the same arc-shaped groove, and the diameter of the arc-shaped groove 8 is 10-30 mm; blind holes of the first round hole 3, the second round hole 4 and the third round hole 6 along the width direction of the test block body 1; the first slot 5 and the second slot 7 do not penetrate through the bottom surface of the test block body 1 along the width direction of the test block body 1; the depths of the first round hole 3, the second round hole 4 and the third round hole 6 are all 3-6 mm.
As a preferred embodiment of the above two examples of the present invention, the central axes of the first circular hole 3, the second circular hole 4 and the third circular hole 6 are not at the same height in the thickness direction of the test block body 1, and the hole heights of the first slot 5 and the second slot 7 are different.
As a preferred embodiment of the above two examples of the present invention, the roughness of the test piece body 1 is the same as that of the detected weld base material.
As a preferred embodiment of the above two examples of the present invention, the aperture a of the first circular hole 3, the second circular hole 4 and the third circular hole 6 is 1 to 3mm; the hole heights of the first slot 5 and the second slot 7 are 1-2 mm; the clear distance between the first round hole 3 and the second round hole 4 is (5 t/12)/sin beta-A, and the clear distance between the second round hole 4 and the opening surface of the first slot hole 5 is (t/3)/sin beta-A/2. When the third round hole 6 is positioned right above the second slotted hole 7, the clear distance between the third round hole 6 and the second slotted hole 7 is 4 t/5-A/2-the hole height of the second slotted hole 7.
The method for measuring the weld defects of the thinner plates is carried out by the comparative reflector test block for measuring the weld defects of the thinner plates, and comprises the following steps of:
placing the inclined probe 2 on the top surface or the bottom surface of the test block body 1, obliquely transmitting ultrasonic waves into the test block body 1 by the inclined probe 2, and reflecting the ultrasonic waves emitted by the inclined probe 2 back and forth between the bottom surface and the top surface of the test block body 1;
the position of the inclined probe 2 is adjusted, so that the ultrasonic waves emitted by the inclined probe 2 reach the first round hole 3, the second round hole 4, the third round hole 6, the first slotted hole 5 and the second slotted hole 7 after being reflected at least twice;
making a distance-amplitude curve of the hole depth according to the dB values of the echo of the reflected waves of the first round hole 3, the second round hole 4 and the third round hole 6;
manufacturing a slot hole high-amplitude curve according to the dB values of the reflected wave echoes of the first slot hole 5 and the second slot hole 7;
the weld defects were analyzed by distance-amplitude curves and slot hole height-amplitude curves.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10 and 11, the upper portion of the plane F is inclined toward the left end of the test block body 1, and when the oblique probe 2 is placed on the top surface of the test block body 1, the ultrasonic wave emitted from the oblique probe 2 reaches the second circular hole 4 after being reflected at least twice, the oblique probe 2 is positioned on the right side of the second circular hole 4; when the oblique probe 2 is placed on the bottom surface of the test block body 1, and the ultrasonic waves emitted by the oblique probe 2 reach the second round hole 4 after being reflected at least twice, the oblique probe 2 is positioned on the left side of the second round hole 4;
when the oblique probe 2 is placed on the top surface of the test block body 1, and the ultrasonic waves emitted by the oblique probe 2 reach the first round hole 3 after being reflected at least twice, the oblique probe 2 is positioned on the left side of the first round hole 3; when the oblique probe 2 is placed on the bottom surface of the test block body 1, the ultrasonic waves emitted by the oblique probe 2 reach the first round hole 3 after being reflected at least twice, and the oblique probe 2 is positioned on the right side of the first round hole 3.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the roughness of the test piece body 1 is different from the roughness of the weld base material, the distance-amplitude graph is corrected.
Examples
The method for using the comparative reflector test block for measuring the weld defects of the thinner plates in this example is as follows:
in this example, a comparative reflector test block for detecting defects in a thinner sheet weld was used to detect strip defects in the weld. And (3) respectively testing the reflection wave echo dB values of which the hole depths are (1/5) t, (1/4) t, (1/3) t, (2/3) t, (3/4) t and (4/5) t by using the multiple reflection waves to manufacture a distance-amplitude curve of the hole depths. The roughness of the reference reflector test block is the same as that of the weld steel plate, and the distance-amplitude curve correction can be omitted, and in this embodiment, the top surface and the bottom surface of the test block body 1 are the same as those of the weld steel plate. When the reflected wave echo dB values with the hole depths of (1/5) t, (1/4) t and (2/3) t are respectively tested by using multiple reflected waves, the inclined probe 2 is placed on the top surface (namely the first surface 1-1) of the test block body 1 and is positioned on the right side of the second round hole 4, and the positions of the second round hole 4 and the third round hole 6 are respectively the hole depths of (2/3) t and (1/5) t; the inclined probe 2 is placed on the top surface (namely a first surface 1-1) of the test block body 1 and is positioned at the left side of the first round hole 3, and the position of the first round hole 3 is that the hole depth is (1/4) t;
the inclined probe 2 is placed on the bottom surface (namely the second surface 1-2) of the test block body 1 and is positioned on the right side of the second round hole 4, and the positions of the first round hole 3 and the third round hole 6 are respectively the hole depths of (3/4) t and (4/5) t; the inclined probe 2 is placed on the bottom surface (namely the second surface 1-2) of the test block body 1 and is positioned at the left side of the first round hole 3, and the second round hole 4 is positioned at the position with the hole depth of (1/3) t.
Taking a 5P6X6K2 probe as an example, as shown in fig. 2-4, performing defect detection on a butt weld of a steel plate with a thickness of 10mm and a material Q345 by using secondary reflection waves, wherein the included angle beta between a plane F and the bottom surface meets beta=tg -1 2. The dimensions of the comparative reflector test block were: a length l=200 mm, a thickness t=10 mm, a width h=30 mm, and a comparative reflector aperture of 3mm (i.e. the diameters of the first circular hole 3, the second circular hole 4, and the third circular hole 6 are 3 mm); the width of the first slot 5 is 1mm, and the height is 1mm; the width of the second slot 7 is 2mm and the height is 2mm; the distance L1 between the first slot 5 and the second slot 7 is 130mm, and the distance L2 between the first round hole 3 and the left end face of the test block body 1 is 130mm; and manufacturing a comparative reflector test block by welding a base metal steel plate. Test 5P6X6K2 the echo values of the phi 3 holes in a comparative reflector test block with a thickness of 10mm are shown in Table 1, and the distance-amplitude curves are produced according to JG/T203-2007, class A tests and are shown in FIG. 12. And carrying out ultrasonic detection on the welding seam by using the curve. The 5P6X6K2 secondary reflection wave of the slot is shown in Table 2, and the hole height-amplitude curve of the slot is shown in FIG. 13.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
| Slot/mm | 2X2 | 1X1 |
| dB | 21 | 15 |
As can be seen from table 1 and fig. 12, the distance-amplitude curve (DAC) manufactured by the multiple reflection method of the present invention is substantially the same as the path track when the ultrasonic path is used and the weld is detected, and the detected defect amplitude value is directly comparable to the amplitude value on the standard distance-amplitude curve, so that the difference between the detected ultrasonic reflected echo energy and the direct wave manufactured distance-amplitude curve (DAC) energy can be avoided, and the accuracy of the weld defect detection echo energy analysis is improved. Detecting defects in the middle of the welding line according to related agreements or standards, and repairing the welding line when the reflection amplitude corresponding to the depth of the defects exceeds the waste judgment line in FIG. 12; when the reflection amplitude corresponding to the defect depth is between the waste judgment line and the quantitative line, the reflection amplitude exceeds the allowable length of the protocol or standard, and the reflection amplitude must be repaired. When the reflection amplitude corresponding to the defect depth is below the evaluation line, the existence is allowed. According to the related agreement, detecting the defect of the weld joint root, wherein the reflection amplitude of the defect exceeds that of the straight line of figure 13 and must be repaired, and the defect which does not exceed that of the straight line of figure 13 is allowed to exist.
As shown in fig. 14, taking a certain engineering as an example, when welding an H-shaped steel beam with a steel column 9 and performing construction, the detection surface is limited, and the detection can only be performed by the detection method shown in fig. 10 at this time. The quality control of the engineering by adopting the invention achieves good effect.
Claims (6)
1. The comparative reflector test block for measuring the weld defects of thinner plates is characterized by comprising a test block body (1), wherein the test block body (1) is a cuboid, the thickness of the test block body (1) is the same as that of a detected weld parent metal, the thickness t of the test block body (1) is 4-10 mm, and the width of the test block body (1) is 2 times that of an inclined probe (2);
the middle part of the bottom surface of the test block body (1) is provided with a first slot hole (5), the bottom surface of the right end of the test block body (1) is provided with a second slot hole (7), the cross sections of the first slot hole (5) and the second slot hole (7) are square, and the first slot hole (5) and the second slot hole (7) are arranged along the width direction of the test block body (1);
the test block body (1) is provided with a first round hole (3) and a second round hole (4) from top to bottom in sequence above the first slot hole (5), and the first round hole (3) and the second round hole (4) are formed along the width direction of the test block body (1);
the central axis of the first round hole (3), the central axis of the second round hole (4) and the central line of the bottom surface of the test block body (1) at the opening side of the first slot hole (5) are positioned on the same plane F, and the included angle beta between the plane F and the bottom surface meets the following relation:
beta is not less than alpha, and beta is not equal to 90 degrees;
the alpha is an ultrasonic incident angle of the inclined probe (2) emitted by the test block body (1), and the incident angle is an included angle between the ultrasonic emitted by the inclined probe (2) and the thickness direction of the test block body (1);
a third round hole (6) is formed in the upper portion of the second slot hole (7) of the test block body (1), and the third round hole (6) is formed along the width direction of the test block body (1);
the apertures of the first round hole (3), the second round hole (4) and the third round hole (6) are the same, the distance between the axes of the first slotted hole (5) and the second slotted hole (7) meets the echo sound path of at least secondary reflected waves of the inclined probe (2), and the shortest distance meets the echo sound path of at least secondary reflected waves of the inclined probe (2) in the distances from the first round hole (3), the second round hole (4) and the first slotted hole (5) to the left end face of the test block body (1) respectively
The central axes of the first round hole (3), the second round hole (4) and the third round hole (6) are not positioned at the same height in the thickness direction of the test block body (1), and the hole heights of the first slotted hole (5) and the second slotted hole (7) are different;
the roughness of the test block body (1) is the same as that of the detected weld joint parent metal;
the aperture A of the first round hole (3), the second round hole (4) and the third round hole (6) is 1-3 mm; the hole heights of the first slotted hole (5) and the second slotted hole (7) are 1-2 mm;
the clear distance between the first round hole (3) and the second round hole (4) is (5 t/12)/sin beta-A, and the clear distance between the second round hole (4) and the opening surface of the first slot hole (5) is (t/3)/sin beta-A/2;
when the third round hole (6) is positioned right above the second slotted hole (7), the clear distance between the third round hole (6) and the second slotted hole (7) is 4 t/5-A/2-the hole height of the second slotted hole (7).
2. The test piece for detecting defects of a thinner sheet weld as defined in claim 1, wherein the test piece for detecting defects of a strip-like shape in a weld is:
the first round hole (3), the second round hole (4) and the third round hole (6) penetrate through the test block body (1) along the width direction of the test block body (1); the first slot (5) and the second slot (7) penetrate through the bottom surface of the test block body (1) along the width direction of the test block body (1).
3. The comparative reflector test block for detecting weld defects of thinner plates according to claim 1, wherein when the comparative reflector test block for detecting weld point defects is used for detecting weld point defects, arc-shaped grooves (8) are formed in the first round hole (3), the second round hole (4), the third round hole (6), the opening ends of the first slotted hole (5) and the second slotted hole (7) on the test block body (1), the opening ends of the first round hole (3), the second round hole (4) and the third round hole (6) are located at the tops of arc surfaces corresponding to the arc grooves (8), the opening ends of the second round hole (4) and the first slotted hole (5) are located on the arc surfaces of the same arc grooves, and the diameter of the arc grooves (8) is 10-30 mm;
blind holes of the first round hole (3), the second round hole (4) and the third round hole (6) along the width direction of the test block body (1); the first slot hole (5) and the second slot hole (7) do not penetrate through the bottom surface of the test block body (1) along the width direction of the test block body (1); the depths of the first round hole (3), the second round hole (4) and the third round hole (6) are 3-6 mm.
4. A method for determining defects in a thinner sheet weld by a comparative reflector test block according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
placing an inclined probe (2) on the top surface or the bottom surface of the test block body (1), wherein the inclined probe (2) obliquely emits ultrasonic waves into the test block body (1), and the ultrasonic waves emitted by the inclined probe (2) can be reflected back and forth between the bottom surface and the top surface of the test block body (1) to move forwards;
the position of the inclined probe (2) is adjusted, so that ultrasonic waves emitted by the inclined probe (2) reach the first round hole (3), the second round hole (4), the third round hole (6), the first slotted hole (5) and the second slotted hole (7) after being reflected at least twice;
a distance-amplitude curve of the hole depth is manufactured according to the dB values of the echo waves of the reflected waves of the first round hole (3), the second round hole (4) and the third round hole (6);
manufacturing a slot hole high-amplitude curve according to the dB values of the reflected wave echoes of the first slot hole (5) and the second slot hole (7);
the weld defects were analyzed by distance-amplitude curves and slot hole height-amplitude curves.
5. The method for measuring the weld defects of the thinner plates according to claim 4, wherein the upper part of the plane F is inclined towards the left end of the test block body (1), and when the inclined probe (2) is placed on the top surface of the test block body (1), the ultrasonic waves emitted by the inclined probe (2) reach the second round hole (4) after being reflected at least twice, and the inclined probe (2) is positioned on the right side of the second round hole (4); when the inclined probe (2) is placed on the bottom surface of the test block body (1), and ultrasonic waves emitted by the inclined probe (2) reach the second round hole (4) after being reflected at least twice, the inclined probe (2) is positioned on the left side of the second round hole (4);
when the inclined probe (2) is placed on the top surface of the test block body (1), and ultrasonic waves emitted by the inclined probe (2) reach the first round hole (3) after being reflected at least twice, the inclined probe (2) is positioned on the left side of the first round hole (3); when the oblique probe (2) is placed on the bottom surface of the test block body (1), the ultrasonic waves emitted by the oblique probe (2) reach the first round hole (3) after being reflected at least twice, and the oblique probe (2) is positioned on the right side of the first round hole (3).
6. The method for measuring a weld defect of a thinner plate material according to claim 4, wherein the distance-amplitude graph is corrected when the roughness of the test block body (1) is different from the roughness of the weld base material.
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| CN209311399U (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-08-27 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Measure the comparison reflector test block compared with light sheet weld defect |
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| CN209311399U (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-08-27 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Measure the comparison reflector test block compared with light sheet weld defect |
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